tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-63883008688157453142024-03-05T08:53:32.090-08:00Under The Ice.Real refrigerators are running with the FREON12 (R-12) Refrigerant GAS. Welcome to Under The Ice the Freon12 Museum dedicated to old R-12 running Refrigerator of all ages.
Here you will see many of old Obsolete refrigerators with various technology , just to see one more time quality, durability, reliability, design, technology and.............performance.
"if we need a cold drink we might go to the refrigerator for a few ice cubes or , then we might have ice water right on tap." FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.comBlogger20125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-60286818126455097042012-12-23T18:00:00.000-08:002014-09-01T03:02:54.061-07:00ZOPPAS MOD. 165/SQ YEAR 1963.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd6CHZQNJv1BaEb6sdFE2dypqQi84200NtQboWxjyvi0cvBU9aDcb5jEFtJtWuEseR_PKUiYL6FPoy8-S_8AAvmW8doY1Pb_T7AGkKsIwFqVUjUojEjg78qjb0B923afRVL7f_6ZI-7b4a/s1600/IMGH_08204__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd6CHZQNJv1BaEb6sdFE2dypqQi84200NtQboWxjyvi0cvBU9aDcb5jEFtJtWuEseR_PKUiYL6FPoy8-S_8AAvmW8doY1Pb_T7AGkKsIwFqVUjUojEjg78qjb0B923afRVL7f_6ZI-7b4a/s1600/IMGH_08204__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHlBDdRz_L2Vj9OE9Z_-qE1ou7j0VcimwViDVHIwPz1slXMSdaGXva1WR2P86KKHRU12vfknXWR8RXYz5Su-f8S8U2pYKIuwkVwc1lsUCkg8aH4W9xtlZLwP1aXNTpD7RjW1fDcAj9tVD1/s1600/IMGH_08205__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHlBDdRz_L2Vj9OE9Z_-qE1ou7j0VcimwViDVHIwPz1slXMSdaGXva1WR2P86KKHRU12vfknXWR8RXYz5Su-f8S8U2pYKIuwkVwc1lsUCkg8aH4W9xtlZLwP1aXNTpD7RjW1fDcAj9tVD1/s1600/IMGH_08205__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="234" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikpRHKLMJxuBvDkRy2-WEFG9KlqLvSvWz2dkp87Z7iLGFd4hOWK2AoisCYWT7BZqHOaKBmhYBm-4D3DZa9GGF3GmXnvq-tuw3TY2uTiJq_w0FH7cAz_UaIBRcDnyj5eX-itwSgGSCx3eEs/s1600/IMGH_08206__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikpRHKLMJxuBvDkRy2-WEFG9KlqLvSvWz2dkp87Z7iLGFd4hOWK2AoisCYWT7BZqHOaKBmhYBm-4D3DZa9GGF3GmXnvq-tuw3TY2uTiJq_w0FH7cAz_UaIBRcDnyj5eX-itwSgGSCx3eEs/s1600/IMGH_08206__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="238" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC54nzm04RCDxOSm4yHjRd9USdf1nFVk6FrjXhIwLFxK04PArY23EyNfd_ooEYm1W4g1LLz-BmD-ZxznhkWjvDtTZ0Xeq7b9Yj9FK9gX3GOtrCqid91IYJsl5_RCS7D5bcVm7_tZpc1-K-/s1600/IMGH_08207__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC54nzm04RCDxOSm4yHjRd9USdf1nFVk6FrjXhIwLFxK04PArY23EyNfd_ooEYm1W4g1LLz-BmD-ZxznhkWjvDtTZ0Xeq7b9Yj9FK9gX3GOtrCqid91IYJsl5_RCS7D5bcVm7_tZpc1-K-/s1600/IMGH_08207__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2PXQ_8kVYvxFV2zSW_7hjrhXSdQV6d4vcxtKFCyuABAhQbleuYIbR-OSfyt5oHNrhDrEIfsTTYHlVHiTkHwISZHJJQDYoWaIDADvaZrJUiz7-OJJ-UZt8HXWTReIgGAJBZZ-ifpqL8aUT/s1600/IMGH_08208__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2PXQ_8kVYvxFV2zSW_7hjrhXSdQV6d4vcxtKFCyuABAhQbleuYIbR-OSfyt5oHNrhDrEIfsTTYHlVHiTkHwISZHJJQDYoWaIDADvaZrJUiz7-OJJ-UZt8HXWTReIgGAJBZZ-ifpqL8aUT/s1600/IMGH_08208__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxNYY2J5mU7761HoxB4K4Nivnl0jZiZ9xWoVDAV4vorv4iRf_HPbCV6iAyzR-MRev_WOGa4l3BtRgcFOLG-2AoqbYGvwxHJUfpJGj8AqSryXxSZVHMv25rVV6VrKKGrPp7BE7BZO-mJzAX/s1600/IMGH_08209__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxNYY2J5mU7761HoxB4K4Nivnl0jZiZ9xWoVDAV4vorv4iRf_HPbCV6iAyzR-MRev_WOGa4l3BtRgcFOLG-2AoqbYGvwxHJUfpJGj8AqSryXxSZVHMv25rVV6VrKKGrPp7BE7BZO-mJzAX/s1600/IMGH_08209__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9DusXe2v1E_47FSp_81YUEF49AaC3DjagO1pnZb3Gz7IA9QERjJYe3gB1AlFsYZAE6Qpzs3C6ZRC17-IEfvfbLLt1MMkg7VUNZvAg6THzED_NMqJAZ4uKlzINazUMBdnWClDPWvDprtyT/s1600/IMGH_08210__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9DusXe2v1E_47FSp_81YUEF49AaC3DjagO1pnZb3Gz7IA9QERjJYe3gB1AlFsYZAE6Qpzs3C6ZRC17-IEfvfbLLt1MMkg7VUNZvAg6THzED_NMqJAZ4uKlzINazUMBdnWClDPWvDprtyT/s1600/IMGH_08210__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisfCU_s_N4Dzcuf3xWn8rWpEd9P6NxF1qJGbSWEgiA6T2A0-Y0hZgodlQUvdP6wi4he2oU19CoPmVUXkN1XqI-5wWehm6Iac7exvnLNM9OVb2lR0hS9QC84eu18Y4cirs_LbMlTiZxJYPN/s1600/IMGH_08172__F12M.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisfCU_s_N4Dzcuf3xWn8rWpEd9P6NxF1qJGbSWEgiA6T2A0-Y0hZgodlQUvdP6wi4he2oU19CoPmVUXkN1XqI-5wWehm6Iac7exvnLNM9OVb2lR0hS9QC84eu18Y4cirs_LbMlTiZxJYPN/s1600/IMGH_08172__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuBwlwTg2Ay5h-WqKg7Cg1jc9Ujcp3YzsV6Eim6KTMEbk8yWoj529CYTMjxZiPH-Oa1vllGfGNtBf30Oo3TwZlDByF8bumXHsAZx-vqJPi8RHu7qkMxmYsj-Cxq8Ml2reTxdSDxtuoCqdQ/s1600/IMGH_08173__F12M.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuBwlwTg2Ay5h-WqKg7Cg1jc9Ujcp3YzsV6Eim6KTMEbk8yWoj529CYTMjxZiPH-Oa1vllGfGNtBf30Oo3TwZlDByF8bumXHsAZx-vqJPi8RHu7qkMxmYsj-Cxq8Ml2reTxdSDxtuoCqdQ/s1600/IMGH_08173__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi1zszPXhhZ1U_6hIQ0En_o5dAtCF9ppk1lvk7fXPvRLihFe68Ym3gebPmrXDDqA12pQrGqSuQjSI9lpAxXEiIurknUvccxSNn0T1jB83_5fIR-yx7-qKlmCdlpGA-CrfzWaDtHoIa3uvV/s1600/IMGH_08174__F12M.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi1zszPXhhZ1U_6hIQ0En_o5dAtCF9ppk1lvk7fXPvRLihFe68Ym3gebPmrXDDqA12pQrGqSuQjSI9lpAxXEiIurknUvccxSNn0T1jB83_5fIR-yx7-qKlmCdlpGA-CrfzWaDtHoIa3uvV/s1600/IMGH_08174__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJzu0G4idSvGrCrX_rrYdHshbRgDWx6AUy4VyHwB4vI4aiiZ9ZPpuxiGMRWR-XvQzotrRwJWaVW-javw3h-ci5BDf9O5JAufwXtqr87eyp15wVEprvHXpUAaKoMbzyT15qgBWu8EKEYGHa/s1600/IMGH_08212__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJzu0G4idSvGrCrX_rrYdHshbRgDWx6AUy4VyHwB4vI4aiiZ9ZPpuxiGMRWR-XvQzotrRwJWaVW-javw3h-ci5BDf9O5JAufwXtqr87eyp15wVEprvHXpUAaKoMbzyT15qgBWu8EKEYGHa/s1600/IMGH_08212__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
The ZOPPAS MOD. 165/SQ Is a 165 liters refrigerator with one freezer compartment and the awesome feature of a pedal to open the door when both hands are occupied. (A foot door opener attachment for a refrigerator for easily and conveniently opening the door of a refrigerator with little effort. The foot door opener attachment for a refrigerator includes a mounting bracket being adapted to securely attach to a side wall of the refrigerator near where the door to the refrigerator can be opened; and also includes a spring-loaded lever being pivotally mounted at a central portion thereof to the mounting bracket and having a second end, a first end, and a spring member being securely attached to the mounting bracket and to the first end to bias the first end of the spring-loaded lever out of contact with the door of the refrigerator; and further includes a foot support member being securely mounted to the second end of the spring-loaded lever; and also includes a door opening member securely attached to the first end of the spring-loaded lever).<br />
<br />
It's running since 1964 until the owner sold his old house and in it the fridge.<br />
<br />
Because that house is in need of lot's of reworkings, I've taken the fridge here to me.....forever.......after defrosting it !<br />
<br />
The fridge is ready in less than 30min after a long stop, and it's ways more efficient than any modern cellular phone look fridge toy advertised as better than this and that.<br />
<br />
<br />
(After some data collection about power consumption, some calculations have shown a yearly power consumption of this model of 112 KWh).<br />
<br />
<br />
I know some people who throwed away in working order these ZOPPAS models only because it was old or looked old design......................... (!!!!! ??? !!!!!) .<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAet-632gjpCwqJK2uM97zK1vG2O0iQ0lUut4rh-SSzoN3UV90i-1OWzLW6UNeMDOxS5q6Qk0z6phfBBhTrN3Uxrg7fK_VHsH5IHnDSsV49_CDSRVZAqwFoi87w7PISbBzWcEJDc6aZlEG/s1600/OLD-FRIDGE-CHEESE__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAet-632gjpCwqJK2uM97zK1vG2O0iQ0lUut4rh-SSzoN3UV90i-1OWzLW6UNeMDOxS5q6Qk0z6phfBBhTrN3Uxrg7fK_VHsH5IHnDSsV49_CDSRVZAqwFoi87w7PISbBzWcEJDc6aZlEG/s1600/OLD-FRIDGE-CHEESE__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="228" /></a><br />
<br />
This was first ZOPPAS fridge featured with the compressor type Aspera Frigo (lic Tecumseh) AE12Z7 replacing earlier models with the COMPRESSOR ASPERA (LIC.TECUMSEH) AM12Z7 type.<br />
<br />
This is another well example of everlasting R12 fridge machine.........<br />
<br />
NOTE 1: The slogan of ZOPPAS factory was "Zoppas makes them and no one destroys."..........Indeed........<br />
<br />
Many contemporary appliances would not have this level of staying power, many would ware out or require major services within just five years or less and of course, there is that perennial bug bear of planned obsolescence where components our deliberately designed to fail or manufactured with limited edition specificities..............................<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>HISTORY OF ZOPPAS INDUSTRY:</b><br />
<br />
The history of Zoppas starts in Conegliano in 1926 when Ferdinand and his three sons Zoppas give life to the machine shop Zoppas Ferdinand & Sons snc specializes in the repair of cookers wood burning of foreign production.<br />
<br />
In 1948 Zoppas come from the first wood-burning stoves and coal that mark the beginning of the company's growth in terms of employment, production and sales that will characterize the fifties.<br />
<br />
In 1954, Zoppas began producing refrigerators. The employees in the workforce now exceeds 1,500. In the early sixties it expands the range of production with the washing machine.<br />
<br />
In 1961 the former machine shop in Conegliano is transformed from a general partnership to limited company calling itself Ferdinand Zoppas SpA In 1964 Zoppas made the first dishwasher in Italian production / market (called the "Stovella"), expanding its production capacity with the creation of a new and technologically advanced plant in Susegana (Treviso Italy), in an area of over 100,000 square meters of the railway line Udine - Venice and the Pontebbana.<br />
<br />
The economic boom years were the period of greatest expansion of Zoppas, also starting to export their products abroad, so that in 1967 the establishment of Susegana could count more than four thousand employees.<br />
<br />
They open new branches in Padua, Florence, Milan, Turin, Naples, Bologna, Parma, Genoa, Udine, Rome, Catanzaro, Verona, Montesilvano.<br />
<br />
The range of products Zoppas at the end of the sixties, ranging from cookers for domestic use, to large installations for kitchens of canteens and restaurants, from wood stoves, coal and electricity, refrigerators, washing machines, dishwashers, bathtubs, Bathroom with polishing. Its products were advertised on television was through the Carousel, which had the merit of spreading the slogan that still characterizes the products of the brand, "Zoppas makes them and no one destroys."<br />
<br />
But it is precisely at this stage, in conjunction with the warm autumn, which opens the irreversible crisis of this giant of the appliance. The company is invested by financial difficulties, market, and rising of production costs.<br />
<br />
One false step is the purchase of a prestigious brand, the Triplex Solaro, in Lombardy, which specializes in cooking and heating, an operation with which the management hoped to call in the race group of Conegliano. Indeed, the Triplex reveals the facts a "bottomless pit" that contributes decisively to exacerbate the financial difficulties of Zoppas.<br />
<br />
In that period also Zanussi Pordenone, the main competitor of the Italian Zoppas, is hit by financial difficulties. Faced with the very real risk that the Italian appliance industry jumped in one fell swoop, the government decided to intervene by promoting a process of integration of the industry, through the provision of a series of loans between 50 and 100 billion Lires by the IMI (Institute Mobilare Italian), which then depended on the Ministry of the Treasury, Zanussi, the leader of this aggregation process.<br />
<br />
Still remain unclear, the phases of the cartel that led to the absorption of Zoppas by Zanussi, but it seems that the group of Pordenone had Zoppas compared to those directories favorable to be the leader of this integration process.<br />
Zanussi Zoppas, it follows the fortunes, so in the mid-eighties the whole group was absorbed by the Italian Swedish multinational Electrolux.<br />
<br />
<b>Compressor Aspera Frigo (lic Tecumseh) AE12Z7 (12-211) 90W 72CAL/H INTERNAL VIEW:</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMxzjlbG7K9Ni3mu8e89NDNmVLcfxofzK6DmhdMpipXNCqReTJUl-FalWpZdrHJ6j2EH5qma1NnqSnlH3C0TgKioFa2zfO5gGaT5qC2UHPNKNWCYi0sJ9bPiWp6t-HPlymd9tISF6zjo/s1600/IMGH_07113__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMxzjlbG7K9Ni3mu8e89NDNmVLcfxofzK6DmhdMpipXNCqReTJUl-FalWpZdrHJ6j2EH5qma1NnqSnlH3C0TgKioFa2zfO5gGaT5qC2UHPNKNWCYi0sJ9bPiWp6t-HPlymd9tISF6zjo/s1600/IMGH_07113__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtFUFNYjEtK0fGV0EpUQ-LZF-viCHCMhBh7_xfkS3HA_Im1bZ7KHRRTF7bjuMI5hyKQYUjN83qgGYAK1SQbxBkFaTgUFGRLJc2sY8eQj1ndvq1kzVSx5BnN6FumG41Uiyl0J8OEVmr9RY/s1600/IMGH_07114__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtFUFNYjEtK0fGV0EpUQ-LZF-viCHCMhBh7_xfkS3HA_Im1bZ7KHRRTF7bjuMI5hyKQYUjN83qgGYAK1SQbxBkFaTgUFGRLJc2sY8eQj1ndvq1kzVSx5BnN6FumG41Uiyl0J8OEVmr9RY/s1600/IMGH_07114__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Tq7Q4DiEgpe5UbvZ_VrPxafUAzrZqVbvbIkP4F-0yYYADcRpAFHyYUdpuewWPIxYKTlWRVR1ySxvMpZGRkhyphenhyphenu9A9QgYYCmFKwLce2WwMlrn70rkg_ziKR3rLrReZp4qim4QjQ_YBsFo/s1600/IMGH_07115__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Tq7Q4DiEgpe5UbvZ_VrPxafUAzrZqVbvbIkP4F-0yYYADcRpAFHyYUdpuewWPIxYKTlWRVR1ySxvMpZGRkhyphenhyphenu9A9QgYYCmFKwLce2WwMlrn70rkg_ziKR3rLrReZp4qim4QjQ_YBsFo/s1600/IMGH_07115__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw67BBUQQhk8vYsWyiE6gaz_jR640P8pb-geNKDZy87Y_cdtFUTriB58R87gm5e6DHTvV52IjGw_q-jZTmCKUYcdDu4FlYU0WF-CIhACKzaKs7-Nk1-WFOrnqf-AHPHk64UbD0npbkT4Y/s1600/IMGH_07116__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw67BBUQQhk8vYsWyiE6gaz_jR640P8pb-geNKDZy87Y_cdtFUTriB58R87gm5e6DHTvV52IjGw_q-jZTmCKUYcdDu4FlYU0WF-CIhACKzaKs7-Nk1-WFOrnqf-AHPHk64UbD0npbkT4Y/s1600/IMGH_07116__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgODHYpvbYELKtrqy9jj8ikjfWKnSb1VfM5E6cUA9A4zFgKh0EMgrGzoNpIBw3awytw8J4bMPnhtu_VxKV-qN6GIuMDvkDF-cyNxKjuAAshXq7wHn82aeRlrHlb3f2Jg02z2u7k8bP399I/s1600/IMGH_07117__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgODHYpvbYELKtrqy9jj8ikjfWKnSb1VfM5E6cUA9A4zFgKh0EMgrGzoNpIBw3awytw8J4bMPnhtu_VxKV-qN6GIuMDvkDF-cyNxKjuAAshXq7wHn82aeRlrHlb3f2Jg02z2u7k8bP399I/s1600/IMGH_07117__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-7qsqQVSKJ3E71yyOKPcsv22hvPyUkGIpNAbzez01ftmiQAUPlWUZ8-7Ler1QVi4oC3PgOVTWl8aKnKAV6j5MhyphenhyphenIY7U1RV3oKgZ4I4DOLvNxrpOLQrsbV5cIcKVqOzYBZ3JIj2-2DrVI/s1600/IMGH_07118__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-7qsqQVSKJ3E71yyOKPcsv22hvPyUkGIpNAbzez01ftmiQAUPlWUZ8-7Ler1QVi4oC3PgOVTWl8aKnKAV6j5MhyphenhyphenIY7U1RV3oKgZ4I4DOLvNxrpOLQrsbV5cIcKVqOzYBZ3JIj2-2DrVI/s1600/IMGH_07118__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vkevYwKB8RHhyVlc82TLksiadLwVnOHa-bin1SOitiVkKwWfmGFo1VnmObSXYmepdu3EMH1l6Wp7FGGhatDBeauR6_T46eYLSYQXx1MUOTWBAzdS_pgCUA45GqT48Aofn5JH-r2Jrmk/s1600/IMGH_07119__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vkevYwKB8RHhyVlc82TLksiadLwVnOHa-bin1SOitiVkKwWfmGFo1VnmObSXYmepdu3EMH1l6Wp7FGGhatDBeauR6_T46eYLSYQXx1MUOTWBAzdS_pgCUA45GqT48Aofn5JH-r2Jrmk/s1600/IMGH_07119__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmv4-vdMXzt8xS6cCe8t-f_WT8V3pn5gKrhi3XUJ-nMMBTwhubhRTrhZahsd-lGoahU-HV_6_4inSC-h6yFi6f6EsVayTahN5ECKaW-6Vw04MKnXr1Xq4EPmcTAdPXCvwJcEasTKLQZJk/s1600/IMGH_07120__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmv4-vdMXzt8xS6cCe8t-f_WT8V3pn5gKrhi3XUJ-nMMBTwhubhRTrhZahsd-lGoahU-HV_6_4inSC-h6yFi6f6EsVayTahN5ECKaW-6Vw04MKnXr1Xq4EPmcTAdPXCvwJcEasTKLQZJk/s1600/IMGH_07120__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBsmG2WqwD0IjTHDVyfVcC-YpFP7fOSXVoFya1Kwwfj_c89SqMI6kal8XRp5GEuozmhagyHJxSBOurMYJlMCRZ_Y6mUrOn7LcHviN98gAazamMOut6soe6tFlV3Gv-J-j46IZvGdK02jw/s1600/IMGH_07122__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBsmG2WqwD0IjTHDVyfVcC-YpFP7fOSXVoFya1Kwwfj_c89SqMI6kal8XRp5GEuozmhagyHJxSBOurMYJlMCRZ_Y6mUrOn7LcHviN98gAazamMOut6soe6tFlV3Gv-J-j46IZvGdK02jw/s1600/IMGH_07122__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL6qzVtrPtkYU1EVFaEWurJDod3XQb1hnci2k0c2aQhxzbOBV7BbPzEtuDQYycRi1syAHyQLlXU3YK3yhK7kguZCufu_wslLBw49XXEAZXMyDjowr7dGbXK1hCXBZa6mb5hH-k_Da6cHU/s1600/IMGH_07121__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL6qzVtrPtkYU1EVFaEWurJDod3XQb1hnci2k0c2aQhxzbOBV7BbPzEtuDQYycRi1syAHyQLlXU3YK3yhK7kguZCufu_wslLBw49XXEAZXMyDjowr7dGbXK1hCXBZa6mb5hH-k_Da6cHU/s1600/IMGH_07121__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Compressor Aspera Frigo (lic Tecumseh) AE12Z7 (12-211) 90W 72CAL/H</b><span style="font-size: small;"><b> HERMETIC COMPRESSOR </b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Lubrication of sealed compressor: </b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-7qsqQVSKJ3E71yyOKPcsv22hvPyUkGIpNAbzez01ftmiQAUPlWUZ8-7Ler1QVi4oC3PgOVTWl8aKnKAV6j5MhyphenhyphenIY7U1RV3oKgZ4I4DOLvNxrpOLQrsbV5cIcKVqOzYBZ3JIj2-2DrVI/s1600/IMGH_07118__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-7qsqQVSKJ3E71yyOKPcsv22hvPyUkGIpNAbzez01ftmiQAUPlWUZ8-7Ler1QVi4oC3PgOVTWl8aKnKAV6j5MhyphenhyphenIY7U1RV3oKgZ4I4DOLvNxrpOLQrsbV5cIcKVqOzYBZ3JIj2-2DrVI/s1600/IMGH_07118__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>Improved lubrication of sealed compressors having a crankshaft provided
with a longitudinal interior duct and a tubular member coupled to a
lower end of the interior duct and having a substantially cylindrical
upper section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil. An upper end of the internal lubrication duct ends in a
first substantially conical section and a second substantially
cylindrical section of variable contour depending upon the profile of
the upper end of the crankshaft. A spring may also be situated inside of
the tubular member. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBsmG2WqwD0IjTHDVyfVcC-YpFP7fOSXVoFya1Kwwfj_c89SqMI6kal8XRp5GEuozmhagyHJxSBOurMYJlMCRZ_Y6mUrOn7LcHviN98gAazamMOut6soe6tFlV3Gv-J-j46IZvGdK02jw/s1600/IMGH_07122__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBsmG2WqwD0IjTHDVyfVcC-YpFP7fOSXVoFya1Kwwfj_c89SqMI6kal8XRp5GEuozmhagyHJxSBOurMYJlMCRZ_Y6mUrOn7LcHviN98gAazamMOut6soe6tFlV3Gv-J-j46IZvGdK02jw/s1600/IMGH_07122__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>1. In a sealed
compressor including a sealed casing in which an alternating
motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the assembly including a
vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a longitudinal interior
lubrication duct communicating with points on an exterior surface of the
crankshaft and with an upper end of the same eccentrically to the axis
of rotation thereof, said assembly also including a tubular member
coupled to a lower end of said interior duct of the crankshaft and
comprising a substantially cylindrical upper section and a substantially
conical lower section adapted to be submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first
substantially conical section and a second substantially cylindrical
section of variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of
the crankshaft, and <br />
the profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft cutting the duct at a transition point between the second
substantially cylindrical section of variable contour and the first
substantially conical section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
2. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of a
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
formed as a closed loop ending with a lower leg extending towards the
lower substantially conical portion of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vkevYwKB8RHhyVlc82TLksiadLwVnOHa-bin1SOitiVkKwWfmGFo1VnmObSXYmepdu3EMH1l6Wp7FGGhatDBeauR6_T46eYLSYQXx1MUOTWBAzdS_pgCUA45GqT48Aofn5JH-r2Jrmk/s1600/IMGH_07119__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vkevYwKB8RHhyVlc82TLksiadLwVnOHa-bin1SOitiVkKwWfmGFo1VnmObSXYmepdu3EMH1l6Wp7FGGhatDBeauR6_T46eYLSYQXx1MUOTWBAzdS_pgCUA45GqT48Aofn5JH-r2Jrmk/s1600/IMGH_07119__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>3. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on a
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped as a substantially inverted U with two arms and bent according to
a profile of the lower conical section of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMxzjlbG7K9Ni3mu8e89NDNmVLcfxofzK6DmhdMpipXNCqReTJUl-FalWpZdrHJ6j2EH5qma1NnqSnlH3C0TgKioFa2zfO5gGaT5qC2UHPNKNWCYi0sJ9bPiWp6t-HPlymd9tISF6zjo/s1600/IMGH_07113__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMxzjlbG7K9Ni3mu8e89NDNmVLcfxofzK6DmhdMpipXNCqReTJUl-FalWpZdrHJ6j2EH5qma1NnqSnlH3C0TgKioFa2zfO5gGaT5qC2UHPNKNWCYi0sJ9bPiWp6t-HPlymd9tISF6zjo/s1600/IMGH_07113__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a>4. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, and <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped substantially as a U with upper free ends joined together and a
lower end shaped according to a profile of the lower conical section of
the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL6qzVtrPtkYU1EVFaEWurJDod3XQb1hnci2k0c2aQhxzbOBV7BbPzEtuDQYycRi1syAHyQLlXU3YK3yhK7kguZCufu_wslLBw49XXEAZXMyDjowr7dGbXK1hCXBZa6mb5hH-k_Da6cHU/s1600/IMGH_07121__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL6qzVtrPtkYU1EVFaEWurJDod3XQb1hnci2k0c2aQhxzbOBV7BbPzEtuDQYycRi1syAHyQLlXU3YK3yhK7kguZCufu_wslLBw49XXEAZXMyDjowr7dGbXK1hCXBZa6mb5hH-k_Da6cHU/s1600/IMGH_07121__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
5. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
formed as a closed loop ending with a lower leg extending towards the
lower substantially conical portion of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmv4-vdMXzt8xS6cCe8t-f_WT8V3pn5gKrhi3XUJ-nMMBTwhubhRTrhZahsd-lGoahU-HV_6_4inSC-h6yFi6f6EsVayTahN5ECKaW-6Vw04MKnXr1Xq4EPmcTAdPXCvwJcEasTKLQZJk/s1600/IMGH_07120__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmv4-vdMXzt8xS6cCe8t-f_WT8V3pn5gKrhi3XUJ-nMMBTwhubhRTrhZahsd-lGoahU-HV_6_4inSC-h6yFi6f6EsVayTahN5ECKaW-6Vw04MKnXr1Xq4EPmcTAdPXCvwJcEasTKLQZJk/s1600/IMGH_07120__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>6. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-drive compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped as a substantially inverted U with two arms bent according to a
profile of the lower conical section of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
7. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof. the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped substantially as a U with upper free ends joined together and a
lower end shaped according to a profile of the lower conical section of
the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMxzjlbG7K9Ni3mu8e89NDNmVLcfxofzK6DmhdMpipXNCqReTJUl-FalWpZdrHJ6j2EH5qma1NnqSnlH3C0TgKioFa2zfO5gGaT5qC2UHPNKNWCYi0sJ9bPiWp6t-HPlymd9tISF6zjo/s1600/IMGH_07113__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMxzjlbG7K9Ni3mu8e89NDNmVLcfxofzK6DmhdMpipXNCqReTJUl-FalWpZdrHJ6j2EH5qma1NnqSnlH3C0TgKioFa2zfO5gGaT5qC2UHPNKNWCYi0sJ9bPiWp6t-HPlymd9tISF6zjo/s1600/IMGH_07113__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a>The present invention relates to improvements in the lubrication system of sealed compressors for cooling fluids. <br />
Sealed
compressors for cooling fluids are known which include a sealed casing
with an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly housed in the
interior thereof, the assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft
provided with a longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating
with various points on the exterior surface of the crankshaft and with
an upper end of the same, eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof.
The assembly also includes a tubular device coupled to a lower end of
the interior duct of the crankshaft, such tubular device having a first
upper section substantially cylindrical and a second substantially
conical section with an end having an orifice for the introduction of
oil. <br />
In such compressors, the oiling of the parts that are in
friction is accomplished by means of the oil fluid supplied by the
tubular device, which, when rotating and immersed in an oil mass,
produces by centrifugal force the raising of the oil through the
interior duct of the crankshaft towards the oiling points of the
mechanism. Part of the oil exits out of the eccentric orifice at the
upper end of the crankshaft, propelled against the interior surface of
the sealed casing of the compressor. <br />
There are various patents
that disclose particular details of this oiling or lubricating system.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,410,478 discloses a cylindrical tubular device joined by
a conical section, as well as a wall placed in the interior of the
tubular device acting as a gate, such a wall being costly to construct.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,451,615 discloses a lateral outflow passage from an
eccentric upper section of the interior duct of the crankshaft.<br />
<br />
Lastly,
Spanish Patent No. 504,039 discloses a channel in the extreme upper
face of the crankshaft, arguing the lower cost of constructing such a
channel in relation to the lateral outflow passage disclosed in the
aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,451,615. <br />
It has been possible to
confirm that the current solutions of tubular pumping devices lose part
of their effectiveness as the compressor's operating temperature rises.
Under these conditions, the fluidity of the oil mass deposited in the
housing of the compressor reaches a point such that the oil mass loses
velocity of rotation in relation to the velocity of rotation of the
tubular device. Such device loses effectiveness as a centrifugal pump
due to sliding between the interior wall of the tubular device and the
layer of oil in contact with the wall. <br />
The aforementioned
interior wall that acts as a gate may, in part, solve the problem
described, but it has the drawback of having a high cost of
construction. Moreover, the orifice at the upper end of the crankshaft
should have a certain form, so that the oil that exits therefrom has
sufficient force to be propelled against the interior wall of the sealed
casing of the compressor. This certain form, in the compressors that
are known, entails significant difficulties in construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION<br />
With the improvements of the invention, the noted drawbacks can be eliminated. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBsmG2WqwD0IjTHDVyfVcC-YpFP7fOSXVoFya1Kwwfj_c89SqMI6kal8XRp5GEuozmhagyHJxSBOurMYJlMCRZ_Y6mUrOn7LcHviN98gAazamMOut6soe6tFlV3Gv-J-j46IZvGdK02jw/s1600/IMGH_07122__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBsmG2WqwD0IjTHDVyfVcC-YpFP7fOSXVoFya1Kwwfj_c89SqMI6kal8XRp5GEuozmhagyHJxSBOurMYJlMCRZ_Y6mUrOn7LcHviN98gAazamMOut6soe6tFlV3Gv-J-j46IZvGdK02jw/s1600/IMGH_07122__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to eliminate the drawbacks noted above with respect to the prior art. <br />
It is also an object of the present invention to simplify the lubrication of compressors. <br />
It is another object of the present invention to lower manufacturing cost of a lubrication system for compressors. <br />
It
is a further object of the present invention to compensate for the
decrease in oil viscosity caused by a rise in temperature in the
lubrication system of a compressor. <br />
These and other objects are
attained by the present invention which is directed to improvements in
the lubrication system of compressors for cooling fluids. According to
the present invention, the upper end of the interior lubrication duct in
a crankshaft of the compressor ends in a first substantially conical
section and a second substantially cylindrical section of variable
contour depending upon the profile of the upper end of the crankshaft.
This distinct configuration of the upper end of the lubrication duct
offers the advantage of greater simplicity in construction and
consequently a lower manufacturing cost, while at the same time
maintaining the same efficiency as other current forms of more
complicated configuration. <br />
Advantageously, the tubular device,
which is coupled to the lower end of the interior duct of the
crankshaft, is provided in its interior with a spring formed by an
elastic and resistant wire affixed by means of pressure and by insertion
of a part of the spring in a substantially conical section of the
tubular device or member submerged in oil (the tubular device comprises a
first substantially cylindrical upper section and a second
substantially conical lower section adapted to be inserted into oil).
The part of the spring submerged in the oil acts as a paddle propelling
the oil, and thereby compensating for decrease in oil viscosity caused
by the temperature. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vkevYwKB8RHhyVlc82TLksiadLwVnOHa-bin1SOitiVkKwWfmGFo1VnmObSXYmepdu3EMH1l6Wp7FGGhatDBeauR6_T46eYLSYQXx1MUOTWBAzdS_pgCUA45GqT48Aofn5JH-r2Jrmk/s1600/IMGH_07119__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vkevYwKB8RHhyVlc82TLksiadLwVnOHa-bin1SOitiVkKwWfmGFo1VnmObSXYmepdu3EMH1l6Wp7FGGhatDBeauR6_T46eYLSYQXx1MUOTWBAzdS_pgCUA45GqT48Aofn5JH-r2Jrmk/s1600/IMGH_07119__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
The aforementioned spring may have various
forms or structures in accordance with the present invention. In one
embodiment, the spring forms a closed loop which ends with a lower leg
thereof extending towards the lower substantially conical portion of the
tubular device or member. In a second embodiment, the spring takes the
form of two arms making a substantially inverted U, and bent according
to the conical profile of the tubular device. In another embodiment, the
spring takes the form of two arms shaped in a U and bent according to
the conical profile of the tubular device and with the free ends thereof
joined at the upper portion thereof. <br />
All the noted spring shapes
may be constructed with wire having a circular or a square
cross-section so as to improve the attachment thereof within the
interior of the tubular device or member.<br />
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS<br />
For
a fuller understanding thereof, the present invention will be described
in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which certain embodiments of the present invention are schematically
illustrated and to which the present invention is not intended to be
exclusively restricted. <br />
In the drawings, <br />
FIG. 1
illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of a sealed compressor of
cooling fluids, in which the improvements according to the present
invention are applied; <br />
FIG. 2 is a partially sectional side view
of a crank shaft and of a tubular device having the improvements
according to the present invention; and <br />
FIGS. 3 and 4 each illustrate springs for the tubular device illustrated in FIG. 2.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7VV6oJDWcxqVWPE1V6YOvwwuv7JMjP-vkycM7mxcEPfZ37G29TcU9rklSfRK_lk6ArrDjaz329Z7Zsi1qE-BFLb0whKY7MArRdvVIVQKvpXOia67jeF4QXmhANIpoKuO7zIakCtdJdN0a/s1600/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7VV6oJDWcxqVWPE1V6YOvwwuv7JMjP-vkycM7mxcEPfZ37G29TcU9rklSfRK_lk6ArrDjaz329Z7Zsi1qE-BFLb0whKY7MArRdvVIVQKvpXOia67jeF4QXmhANIpoKuO7zIakCtdJdN0a/s320/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS<br />
Referring
to FIG. 1, a compressor 1 includes a sealed casing 2 with an
alternating motor-driven compressor assembly housed in the interior
thereof, the assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft 3 provided
with a longitudinal interior lubrication duct 4 (FIG. 2) communicating
with various points 5,6 on the exterior surface of the crankshaft 3, and
with the upper end 7 of the same, eccentrically to the axis of rotation
thereof. The assembly also includes a tubular device 8 coupled to a
lower end of the interior duct 4 of the crankshaft 3, the tubular device
8 comprising a first upper section 9 that is substantially cylindrical
and a second lower substantially conical section 10 to be submerged in
oil. <br />
As can be seen in FIG. 2, the upper end 7 of the lubrication
duct 4 terminates in a first substantially conical section 11 and a
second substantially cylindrical section 12 of variable contour
depending upon the profile 13 of the upper end 7 of the crankshaft 3. <br />
As
also illustrated in FIG. 2, the tubular device 8 is provided in the
interior with a spring 14 formed by an elastic and resistant wire, e.g.
of tempered steel, and affixed by means of pressure and by insertion of
part of the spring in the conical section 10 of the tubular device or
member 8 which is adapted to be submerged in the oil. As shown in FIG.
2, the spring 14 takes the form of two arms 15 and 16 shaped into an
inverted U and bent at points 17 and 18 according to the conical profile
of the tubular device or member 8. <br />
In FIG. 3, the spring 14
forms a closed loop 19 ending with a lower leg 20 thereof extending
towards the lower conical part 10 of the tubular device 8.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-X6348kKhfNsjBT4Cj1MTMNep4CXCswQExUwrxQyTEKNmQczO1LVqX77TI9lkAlwD1cqqLqkW6zvrI8pcbVRhW9xK1gEHyVHDhqQJCO7dJE6xmZV6Aclh6ZxsHnV1ip7Tm3I9jZQliwCE/s1600/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-X6348kKhfNsjBT4Cj1MTMNep4CXCswQExUwrxQyTEKNmQczO1LVqX77TI9lkAlwD1cqqLqkW6zvrI8pcbVRhW9xK1gEHyVHDhqQJCO7dJE6xmZV6Aclh6ZxsHnV1ip7Tm3I9jZQliwCE/s320/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
The
spring illustrated in FIG. 4 takes the form of two arms 21 and 22 in the
shape of a U bent at points 23 and 24 according to the conical profile
of the tubular device 8 (i.e. the lower substantially conical section 10
thereof) and with the free ends 25 and 26 thereof joined at the upper
portion as illustrated. <br />
As described above, the springs are
introduced into the tubular device 8 with the lower portion thereof
situated in the conical section 10 to be submerged in oil. When the
crankshaft 3 rotates, driven by the rotor of the electrical motor, the
tubular device 8 rotates along with spring 14, with the lower part of
the spring submerged in oil acting as a paddle. <br />
The
characteristic form 11 of the outflow orifice in the upper end 7 of the
lubrication duct 4 permits the oil that flows through the eccentric duct
4 to be propelled in a continuous jet against the interior wall of the
casing 2. <br />
It follows from the description above that the
improvements according to the present invention allow for enhancement in
the lubrication of the crankshaft and in the propulsion of oil against
the interior wall of the casing 2 due to the springs 14 acting as
paddles, and allows for a reduction in the cost of manufacture of the
crankshaft 3 by simplifying the orifice at the upper end 7 of the
crankshaft 3 without diminishing the effectiveness thereof. Similarly,
the cost of construction of the spring 14 is much lower than the
previously described interior wall with respect to the prior art. <br />
The
preceding description of the present invention is merely exemplary, and
is not intended to limit the scope thereof in any way. </div>
</div>
</div>
<u><b><br /></b></u>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a><u><b>Tecumseh products Company HISTORY:</b></u><br />
<br />
<br />
It was Incorporated in 1930 as Hillsdale Machine & Tool Company, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing; Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing; Motor and Generator Manufacturing; Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing, Named for the legendary Shawnee chief, Tecumseh Products makes a line of hermetically sealed compressors and heat pumps for residential and commercial refrigerators and freezers, water coolers, air conditioners, dehumidifiers, and vending machines. The company's line of scroll compressor models are suited for demanding commercial refrigeration applications and consist primarily of reciprocating and rotary designs. Tecumseh sells its products to OEMs and aftermarket distributors in more than 100 countries worldwide, with 80% of its sales generated outside of the US. It markets its products under brand names that include Celseon, L'Unité Hermétique, Masterflux, Silensys, and Vector.<br />
<br />
<br />
Tecumseh Products Company manufactures compressors for refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, gasoline engines and automobile transmissions, and pumps and pumping equipment for industrial, commercial, and agricultural use. The second largest domestic manufacturer of engines for small tractors, snow blowers, and lawn mowers, the company is best known for its compressors, machines that compress refrigerants in air conditioners and refrigerators. The town of Tecumseh, Michigan, in which the company is headquartered, has since become known as the "Refrigeration Capital of the World."<br />
<br />
<br />
An early 1990s public offering brought in new capital while allowing the founding Herrick family to retain control. The company has since moved to establish manufacturing hubs in Brazil and India while cutting back on U.S. production. Tecumseh has acquired some suppliers and is attempting to make its brand more visible to consumers and contractors.<br />
<br />
<br />
Tecumseh Products was founded by Ray W. Herrick, a master toolmaker who came to prominence in the 1920s in Michigan's growing auto industry. Herrick's reputation as a knowledgeable and highly skilled toolmaker led to his rapid advancement in the industry. He was given supervisory positions and became a friend and adviser to influential inventors and industrialists such as Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone, and Thomas Edison. In 1928 Herrick was asked to help turn around the struggling Alamo Engine Company in the southeastern Michigan town of Hillsdale, where he served until 1933 as factory manager and eventually as director of sales and production. The company continued to decline, however, and during this time Herrick and a local toolmaker named C.F. (Bill) Sage decided to launch a business of their own, incorporating as Hillsdale Machine & Tool Company in 1930.<br />
<br />
<br />
The Hillsdale company manufactured high-quality automobile and electric refrigerator parts, as well as small tools and mechanical novelties. Also handling orders that Alamo could not fill, the Hillsdale company went from grossing $26,000 in sales during its first year of operation to $284,000 by 1933. Initially, two-thirds of the company's stock was owned by Sage and his wife, while Herrick owned the remaining third. By 1933, however, Herrick bought out most of their interest and gained control of the company.<br />
<br />
<br />
Competition in the manufactured parts industry was fierce in 1933, and Hillsdale soon sought larger production facilities. When Alamo went into receivership that year, Herrick leased its plant for one year, hoping to purchase it at the end of the term. The rent paid to Alamo's receivers, however, cut into the Hillsdale company's profits. Furthermore, the Hillsdale company had been founded during the height of the Great Depression, and these early years were characterized by escalating debt and inadequate cash flow. By 1934, Herrick's company was close to bankruptcy.<br />
<br />
<br />
That year, however, as a result of a concerted effort by Herrick, the Ford Motor Company, private investors, and the city of Tecumseh--located about 60 miles southwest of Detroit--Hillsdale Tool & Machine Company managed to raise a little more than $12,000, with which it acquired a 30,000-square-foot abandoned facility in Tecumseh. Changing the company's name to Tecumseh Products, Herrick had the building renovated, borrowed the necessary machinery, and soon began the mass production of automotive and refrigerator parts. The following year the company gained much needed cash flow leverage when Henry Ford helped Herrick secure a line of credit with a Detroit bank.<br />
<br />
<br />
In 1936 Tecumseh Products began to focus on manufacturing the product on which its reputation would be built: the hermetically sealed refrigeration compressor. Five years earlier, Herrick had been approached by Frank Smith, an engineer interested in selling Herrick his compressor designs. At that time, Herrick had employed Smith as a machinist, agreeing to consider the prototypes that Smith was developing. Over the next few years, engineers Curtis Brown and Jens Touborg joined Smith, and the three eventually formed an engineering business known as Tresco. Tresco worked closely with Tecumseh Products, providing Herrick with designs for inexpensive and reliable refrigeration compressors that rivaled those of the major manufacturers. By the end of the 1930s, Tecumseh Products was producing more than 100,000 of these compressors a year.<br />
<br />
<br />
At the onset of World War II, Herrick shifted the focus of Tecumseh Products to the manufacture of defense materials. The company continued to produce compressors, which had applications in military equipment, while also turning out anti-aircraft projectile casings and precision parts for aircraft engines. By 1942, Tecumseh was mainly producing 40-millimeter shell casings, which it supplied to the U.S. Navy. In April of that year the company received the Navy E award for excellence for its contributions to the war effort; it received several similar awards before the war ended.<br />
<br />
<br />
In 1945 Herrick's son, Kenneth G. Herrick, returned from the war and went to work for Tecumseh Products as the company resumed its focus on the production of compressors. During this time, competition in the industry intensified, with postwar demand for electric appliances, especially refrigerators, rising dramatically. Becoming known for the high quality of its compressors, as well as for their timely delivery, Tecumseh Products soon emerged as an industry leader. In 1947 a Tecumseh Products compressor was featured in the first window unit air conditioner for the home. By 1950, Tecumseh's sales reached $72 million, and the company was producing more than two million compressors a year.<br />
<br />
<br />
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s Tecumseh Products sought to exp<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a>and. First it increased its production capacity with the 1950 and 1952 purchases of Universal Cooler Corp. in Marion, Ohio, and the Acklin Stamping Company of Toledo, respectively. Also involved in finding new uses for its products, the company marketed an air conditioning compressor for automobiles in 1953. The following year, Tecumseh's sales reached $124 million, and in 1955 Herrick is reported to have paid nearly $5 million to purchase Tresco, the engineering business founded by Smith, Brown, and Touborg. At this time, Herrick brought Joseph E. Layton in from International Harvester to serve Tecumseh Products as president and chief executive officer. Herrick remained the company's chairperson.<br />
<br />
<br />
Purchasing two Wisconsin companies in 1956 and 1957--the Lauson Engine Company of New Holstein and Power Products of Grafton--Tecumseh Products claimed two new divisions designated for the production of gasoline engines. These two acquisitions were provided with new, modern equipment and tools in order to begin production of compact, lightweight engines suitable for use in lawn and garden machinery. Also during this time the company began to establish licensees abroad, planning to one day market its products worldwide.<br />
<br />
<br />
In 1960 Tecumseh Products of Canada, Ltd. was formed as a sales distribution center for compressors manufactured in the United States. This facility was later expanded into a production facility to handle demand for compressors in Canada. Over the next decade the company acquired the Diecast Division of Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, and the Peerless Gear & Machine Company, which it designated as a separate division and provided with a new plant to manufacture transaxles, transmissions, and differentials for lawn and garden equipment. Furthermore, the company set up research and development laboratories at Purdue University and in Ann Arbor, Michigan, to support its divisions, employing scientists in the fields of chemistry and metallurgy, as well as mechanical and electrical engineers.<br />
<br />
<br />
In 1964 Layton died unexpectedly, and William Hazelwood, a divisional vice-president, was named president of Tecumseh Products. Hazelwood remained in this position until 1966 when the 76-year-old Herrick gave up the chairmanship and, retaining a position for himself as vice-chairman, named his son Kenneth as president. Four years later Kenneth Herrick's son Todd came to work for Tecumseh Products. Kenneth ascended to chairman and CEO, and William MacBeth was named president. By this time the company had manufactured more than 100 million compressors and 25 million small engines.<br />
<br />
<br />
In 1973 Ray Herrick died. Under Kenneth Herrick, Tecumseh Products built compressor and engine plants in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, while continuing to add to its product line. For example, the company acquired M.P. Pumps, Inc., of Detroit, which produced pumps used in agricultural, industrial, and marine environments. Submersible pumps, used as sump pumps and in large cooling systems, were introduced in 1980, with the company's purchase of the Little Giant Pump Company in Oklahoma.<br />
<br />
<br />
Tecumseh Products sought to become an international company in the 1980s, and, over the next ten years, foreign sales, both from exports and through European acquisitions, rose to 15 percent of the company's total sales revenues. In 1981 Tecumseh Products entered into a joint venture with the Italian Fiat Settori Componenti, which resulted in the formation of Tecnamotor S.p.A., a manufacturer and marketer of engines for outdoor power equipment. The following year Tecumseh Products increased its holdings in the Sociade Intercontinental de Compressores Hermeticos SICOM, S.A. SICOM was based in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and served world markets through its manufacture of compressors. Tecumseh Products was further able to form a strong European interest through a 1985 joint venture with L'Unite Hermetique S.A. in Paris, a compressor manufacturer and exporter that Tecumseh Products eventually acquired as a subsidiary. The company's expansion into the international market had mixed results. It gained market share and enjoyed financial success, particularly in the engine sales of Tecnamotor, of which it acquired 100 percent ownership in 1989. This new subsidiary went on to become the largest engine manufacturer of its kind in Europe. Nevertheless, the company experienced a sharp decline in earnings during the late 1980s, which it attributed to the undervalued American dollar and delays in new product development.<br />
<br />
<br />
In the United States, foreign competition in the production of refrigeration components intensified during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Tecumseh Products, though, continued to experience growth. In 1987 the company introduced a new line of air conditioning compressors for residential use, designed to be both quieter and more energy efficient in compliance with the federal government's National Appliance Energy Conservation Act. In 1989 air conditioning compressors were bolstered by a nationwide heat wave, and the company's net income rose to $82 million, up from $70 million the year before.<br />
<br />
<br />
The company's interest in some foreign markets, however, suffered due to political instabilities during this time, particularly in China, where compressor sales fell almost to zero during the Tiananmen Square riots, as well as in the Middle East, where export sales were threatened by the Persian Gulf War. In 1992 Tecumseh was given an E Star award by the U.S. Department of Commerce for its commitment to international markets during these difficult times.<br />
<br />
<br />
As Tecumseh Products entered the 1990s, it featured a broad range of products in several divisions. Refrigeration products, which accounted for more than half of its total sales, included compressors sold to the manufacturers of home cooling systems and appliances, water coolers, vending machines, and refrigerated display cases. Engine products mainly featured aluminum diecast engines of 2 to 12 horsepower used in machinery for both home lawn maintenance and farming. Power train products included transmissions, transaxles, and differentials produced for lawn and garden equipment as well as for recreational vehicles. The pump products division featured a variety of pumps made from cast iron, aluminum, stainless steel, or brass, capable of pumping up to 300 gallons per minute, while the company's submersible pumps division produced pumps for use in clothes washers and carpet cleaners as well as kidney dialysis machines.<br />
<br />
<br />
In 1992 the company faced a new series of federal regulations designed to protect the environment by imposing restrictions on compressor and engine emissions and banning altogether chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were widely used in refrigeration. As the ban on CFCs neared implementation in the mid-1990s, Tecumseh Products began converting its compressors to operate on alternative refrigerants, which, the company asserted, were available but costly. Furthermore, in joint efforts with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Tecumseh Products researched <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a>possible improvements to the engine manufacturing process that would lead to less harmful emissions, and also developed new techniques for treating and disposing of contaminated sediments resulting from dangerous industrial wastes being dumped into rivers.<br />
<br />
<br />
Financially, in March 1992 the stockholders of Tecumseh Products approved a proposal to reclassify its existing shares as voting Class B stock, while creating a new class of nonvoting Class A common stock. The stockholders were issued one share of the Class A stock for each share they already owned. At the time, Edward Wyatt observed in Barron's that "because 45% of the equity currently outstanding is owned by members of the founding Herrick family, the stock plan will allow them to retain their voting rights while effectively splitting the stock 2-for-1." He also observed that the new plan would probably induce analysts to follow the fortunes of Tecumseh Products more closely.<br />
<br />
<br />
By this time the founding Herrick family had had four generations involved in Tecumseh's management. In 1994, CEO Todd Herrick told Financial World the credo of his grandfather that still guided the company: "We believe in God, we mind our business and we work like hell."<br />
<br />
<br />
In the mid-1990s, Tecumseh had revenues of about $2 billion and 15,000 employees. The company was developing its versions of the new, energy-efficient scroll compressors that were beginning to replace traditional reciprocating compressors in the air conditioning industry.<br />
<br />
<br />
Tecumseh opened a new plant in Georgia in 1995 and a 200,000-square-foot factory in Corinth, Mississippi, in 1997. The latter's initial product was an electric motor for air conditioner compressors that had previously been sourced in Singapore.<br />
<br />
<br />
The company also was expanding abroad, entering a joint venture with the Shriram Group to set up a plant in Hyderabad, India. It later bought out its partner there and acquired a refrigerator compressor factory near New Delhi from Whirlpool of India.<br />
<br />
<br />
The company began promoting its brand directly to consumers. It aired ads urging them to look for its motors when they bought snow throwers, a market in which Tecumseh held a lead over rival Briggs & Stratton Corp., which led the lawn mower market.<br />
<br />
<br />
Sales were $1.65 billion in 2000. The company's three business segments were each profitable. Strong Brazilian operations saved the Compressor Business, while operations in India were affected by start-up costs and work stoppages. The Engine & Power Train Business had slowed after a Y2K-inspired run on generators the previous year. The smallest unit, the Pump Business, was growing on the popularity of water gardening and industrial sales. During the year, the company entered the residential wastewater collection, transfer, and disposal market through the purchase of the assets of Interon Corporation.<br />
<br />
<br />
Tecumseh cut 900 jobs in a 2000 restructuring that closed a plant in Somerset, Kentucky. Another 600 were being cut at an Indian factory. The company was expanding its operations in Mississippi, however.<br />
<br />
<br />
According to one report, Tecumseh controlled 20 percent of the world market for small engines. It was growing its business in Europe, where it was dominant, with a 25 percent market share. Europe made up nearly 40 percent of the world market and was expected to grow due to the opening of Eastern Europe. Tecumseh acquired its Czech carburetor supplier, Motoco, from Motor Jikov in May 2001. Tecumseh had other European operations, including joint ventures and a subsidiary in France.<br />
<br />
<br />
Tecumseh's subsidiary in India, Tecumseh Products India Ltd. (TPIL), was starting to export to South Africa and West Asia. The Indian market itself was ripe for development, with relatively few owning refrigerators or air conditioners. Tecumseh's plants in India produced compressor components as well as completed units.<br />
<br />
<br />
Tecumseh acquired a supplier of manufacturing software, Manufacturing<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjo-WAqZwD4_l7yI8089n4wzlMYaqiyRwKPdcrLnQLzzwyHJs__mUYK0cScswZCkD1tenetw6O4yBXlZPZidMY0EZqQfY3N3KYVh_cMsmYTU2o3r2MS2WEyMw97Wp6ViNKj02Vk1MqXQpF/s1600/IMGH_08211__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a> Data Systems, Inc. (MDSI), in 2002. The next year, it bought FASCO Motors, Invensys PLC's electric motor operations, for $415 million. FASCO formed the basis of a new business segment, Electrical Components.<br />
<br />
<br />
Company officials told Contracting Business that although Tecumseh had enjoyed a relatively low profile in the past, it was becoming more retail-oriented. It leveraged its expertise in compressors to products such as drinking water systems and cooling towers through its "Cool Products" line. Tecumseh's products were distributed through 130 distribution centers and 1,700 outlets in the United States. Tecumseh was phasing out its U.S. manufacturing due to price pressure from customers. The company managed net income of $10 million on sales of $1.9 billion in 2004.<br />
<br />
<br />
Principal Subsidiaries<br />
<br />
<br />
Evergy, Inc.; FASCO Australia Pty. Ltd.; FASCO Industries, Inc.; FASCO Motors, Ltd. (Thailand); Little Giant Pump Company; Masterflux; Manufacturing Data Systems, Inc.; Motoco a.s. (Czech Republic); M.P. Pumps, Inc.; Tecumotor/Evergy; Tecumseh do Brasil, Ltda.; Tecumseh Compressor Company; Tecumseh Europa, S.p.A. (Italy); Tecumseh France S.A.; Tecumseh Power Company; Tecumseh Products Company of Canada, Ltd.; Tecumseh Products India Ltd.; TMT Motoco, Ltd. (Brazil).<br />
<br />
<br />
Principal Divisions<br />
<br />
<br />
Compressors; Engines & Power Trains; Pumps; Electrical Components.<br />
<br />FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-52730223929322065602012-11-22T01:00:00.000-08:002015-12-10T06:57:55.002-08:00ZOPPAS MOD.?? YEAR 1958.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtDEp3RqPf-L5a1JC0vawSJDwGcI5dAOD1KPwe6X_rMAoOsytXtXkWuJVr4CJ520gz15qVI5Fl-1MUgRgQf-xq70JBYOQYM5kfWJ5qNUMeJM4A-HRm0Dksngt2i8JLkJfy1DzxHjp-93lZ/s1600/IMGH_06983__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtDEp3RqPf-L5a1JC0vawSJDwGcI5dAOD1KPwe6X_rMAoOsytXtXkWuJVr4CJ520gz15qVI5Fl-1MUgRgQf-xq70JBYOQYM5kfWJ5qNUMeJM4A-HRm0Dksngt2i8JLkJfy1DzxHjp-93lZ/s1600/IMGH_06983__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhLxBO-1sYMosKqB1oBuOnEomsom5YZTEh23m0VWHcJrLXS72LDlAzcv599Y57mncvFI5FCu7lpd1Pn2sAD_usnMwFstPnzZ8j_UcDYNJtj7XbwmpKwTRL5Cb5G8bnIHd_06EdGC9xQ2hk/s1600/IMGH_06984__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhLxBO-1sYMosKqB1oBuOnEomsom5YZTEh23m0VWHcJrLXS72LDlAzcv599Y57mncvFI5FCu7lpd1Pn2sAD_usnMwFstPnzZ8j_UcDYNJtj7XbwmpKwTRL5Cb5G8bnIHd_06EdGC9xQ2hk/s1600/IMGH_06984__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPVZYCA8THhg6cLpeBn41ILt1jtn5bkmQ-GIEWrabtgrZbx4HPjYjhWmnVMt2pxnHABmstnift8Zm-k0QkmFZSq8_HLsX5sgx_WsXjxhbVDFarCCgV_6dlgLUqKxr6KpkA7YkDk0RF5uf3/s1600/IMGH_06985__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPVZYCA8THhg6cLpeBn41ILt1jtn5bkmQ-GIEWrabtgrZbx4HPjYjhWmnVMt2pxnHABmstnift8Zm-k0QkmFZSq8_HLsX5sgx_WsXjxhbVDFarCCgV_6dlgLUqKxr6KpkA7YkDk0RF5uf3/s1600/IMGH_06985__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgycNC3s2KU6-zqEZdeV0jgD39diLSuha9CrDAm4XecwLK41wVnhnRU4Lf3dm7Oou2bGTubRKxL9wZkjtvGY20c6Yc8YujA5s5XpMgWBbwdc4xnmflWPtaiRI6Id1Lktw3Dhk_bKcmS3Ks3/s1600/IMGH_06986__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgycNC3s2KU6-zqEZdeV0jgD39diLSuha9CrDAm4XecwLK41wVnhnRU4Lf3dm7Oou2bGTubRKxL9wZkjtvGY20c6Yc8YujA5s5XpMgWBbwdc4xnmflWPtaiRI6Id1Lktw3Dhk_bKcmS3Ks3/s1600/IMGH_06986__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq83QX-IGMsGn9zSqVvixlO2k-3BhLeSzvpJ9yk9W-gaih5hkDwuLwGJv9jtCHVLEqDQ3r5lxelK48LXG7BzKxcJwc5vbUKUtCTm_Qt442emUCxsMqCqZGU97SA4MKhSiORMSyVGwdxe4e/s1600/IMGH_06987__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq83QX-IGMsGn9zSqVvixlO2k-3BhLeSzvpJ9yk9W-gaih5hkDwuLwGJv9jtCHVLEqDQ3r5lxelK48LXG7BzKxcJwc5vbUKUtCTm_Qt442emUCxsMqCqZGU97SA4MKhSiORMSyVGwdxe4e/s1600/IMGH_06987__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5QswecVgdJfNbAUDPu8v4YFek68OIF6M0PeVDZAAVdsY22aA6vu6_I_PMEIqV0sB9jcSqV7gRFZMA89fcbGOT_Sy_kW3-7S2DmU5aTGTHPICrHVPJ95ChosaosZHz9LObsdlOqFBwa0g4/s1600/IMGH_06988__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5QswecVgdJfNbAUDPu8v4YFek68OIF6M0PeVDZAAVdsY22aA6vu6_I_PMEIqV0sB9jcSqV7gRFZMA89fcbGOT_Sy_kW3-7S2DmU5aTGTHPICrHVPJ95ChosaosZHz9LObsdlOqFBwa0g4/s1600/IMGH_06988__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdaDXwQPvTUBlKWrKHvOUrPjPItOjwLFjG-xiVl-Pl51Akir4JhRvAcO1G81C2HldP5PwHAxuhYfPadEkhyphenhyphenFOWgPEjnWU3vnE1lHKs5wDc9F9VqqZHHDRqWeOyLLVQS1dYEr1dCnlAms8w/s1600/IMGH_06989__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdaDXwQPvTUBlKWrKHvOUrPjPItOjwLFjG-xiVl-Pl51Akir4JhRvAcO1G81C2HldP5PwHAxuhYfPadEkhyphenhyphenFOWgPEjnWU3vnE1lHKs5wDc9F9VqqZHHDRqWeOyLLVQS1dYEr1dCnlAms8w/s1600/IMGH_06989__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjioGE0ifGMlfnWPCYFN06Y9LNe_CHyHt4UrC7TIYskSodMsgVkssc9JBnD-jW_GyW-1iM61cuUzgdAwxbVXMqj_TZ3AFlRIQRlXj1v1wJZxFiBqoR3mq8o5buR5HQKks5frLsYO8V3Ud_t/s1600/IMGH_06990__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjioGE0ifGMlfnWPCYFN06Y9LNe_CHyHt4UrC7TIYskSodMsgVkssc9JBnD-jW_GyW-1iM61cuUzgdAwxbVXMqj_TZ3AFlRIQRlXj1v1wJZxFiBqoR3mq8o5buR5HQKks5frLsYO8V3Ud_t/s1600/IMGH_06990__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8S5wATdBEI1f-XI3WPbYUXHCUW9uzIIAtTrgNbeml395x0Is2rCPFL2RqzFVVQAwQ43sXdxCwh-kba-gCaEVGDkrKP5EZ5Sz7WjTmCDP44s7F2Bce0cMP2sigazke0fLPHXI81zL2Wmn4/s1600/IMGH_06992__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8S5wATdBEI1f-XI3WPbYUXHCUW9uzIIAtTrgNbeml395x0Is2rCPFL2RqzFVVQAwQ43sXdxCwh-kba-gCaEVGDkrKP5EZ5Sz7WjTmCDP44s7F2Bce0cMP2sigazke0fLPHXI81zL2Wmn4/s1600/IMGH_06992__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span id="goog_1141107118"></span><span id="goog_1141107119"></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU22jFuNKI3lGS7Qnu1B9SH9TN7ql7ymACTsHgrMJO4kTo4xLLVM9E59mYGJXRNrHPX5CEu2IZxG97XWUSBIZBoNm9sQIFxgusf5EtPYBVvLOEBVHq2Sp9eCRs5SB824ylfsD32iwFzIqU/s760/ZOPPAS_1955_FREON12MUSEUM-MAIN.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="200" id="Image1_img" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU22jFuNKI3lGS7Qnu1B9SH9TN7ql7ymACTsHgrMJO4kTo4xLLVM9E59mYGJXRNrHPX5CEu2IZxG97XWUSBIZBoNm9sQIFxgusf5EtPYBVvLOEBVHq2Sp9eCRs5SB824ylfsD32iwFzIqU/s760/ZOPPAS_1955_FREON12MUSEUM-MAIN.jpg" width="150" /></a><span id="goog_1141107118">This ZOPPAS is an historical Italian old fridge model which was produced at the end of the 50's in Italy during the florid economy period.</span><br />
<br />
<span id="goog_1141107118">This is a heavy steel fridge machine which doesn't know age or wear in any way, it's noiseless, nice, powerful, sturdy, everlasting, faschinating......... and very capable to hold many items in it even if it isn't that big capacity model like the after models like the Zoppas "Fuoriserie" models.</span><br />
<br />
With his 1/9hp 80WATTS compressor it's capable to frost deep any kind of thing fitted in it even under zero if thermostat is too cold regulated.<br />
<br />
Seems strange but a bottle of any drink feels different when cooled in this ZOPPAS refrigerator. <br />
<br />
The fridge is ready in less than 30min after a long stop, and it's ways more efficient than any modern cellular phone look fridge toy advertised as better than this and that.<br />
<a href="http://freon12museum.blogspot.com/">
</a>
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAet-632gjpCwqJK2uM97zK1vG2O0iQ0lUut4rh-SSzoN3UV90i-1OWzLW6UNeMDOxS5q6Qk0z6phfBBhTrN3Uxrg7fK_VHsH5IHnDSsV49_CDSRVZAqwFoi87w7PISbBzWcEJDc6aZlEG/s1600/OLD-FRIDGE-CHEESE__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAet-632gjpCwqJK2uM97zK1vG2O0iQ0lUut4rh-SSzoN3UV90i-1OWzLW6UNeMDOxS5q6Qk0z6phfBBhTrN3Uxrg7fK_VHsH5IHnDSsV49_CDSRVZAqwFoi87w7PISbBzWcEJDc6aZlEG/s1600/OLD-FRIDGE-CHEESE__F12M.jpg" width="228" /></a>I know some people who throwed away in working order these ZOPPAS models only because it was old or looked old design......................... (!!!!! ??? !!!!!) .<br />
<br />
<br />
The 1/9HP 80W compressor is the nice fascinating "Pancake" Tecumseh patent, fabricated by a long time defunct factory called "Sternette" which was located in Scotland at the time.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidpcCo1QV_xzkza-1kuxLSUHV7KbLGeiIJjcNrtGbmuZgQ55M_TXZMVC2VbZlKvPn91r6_JX5hbeTsUNyfhJLW0AnX7mtmzSS8ASgKAzKuBDJ1b48JUgKVFG1v8akoz-fxxFkgTHuPW6g_/s1600/PANCAKE_COMP__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidpcCo1QV_xzkza-1kuxLSUHV7KbLGeiIJjcNrtGbmuZgQ55M_TXZMVC2VbZlKvPn91r6_JX5hbeTsUNyfhJLW0AnX7mtmzSS8ASgKAzKuBDJ1b48JUgKVFG1v8akoz-fxxFkgTHuPW6g_/s320/PANCAKE_COMP__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ9vzenmG9Y4SjCv2x6VzmV8zeHncnphJZnVKrKA2W18Wfqjhw0YF3KlIEesH74ESw0SFgZpG9sOWaJ8QdFDzRZ3qVDeOtkiUWrg_199g1T4GdhfVvS-C_buSxriwlseRSL0piBloWQ1kI/s1600/PANCAKE_PLANT__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ9vzenmG9Y4SjCv2x6VzmV8zeHncnphJZnVKrKA2W18Wfqjhw0YF3KlIEesH74ESw0SFgZpG9sOWaJ8QdFDzRZ3qVDeOtkiUWrg_199g1T4GdhfVvS-C_buSxriwlseRSL0piBloWQ1kI/s320/PANCAKE_PLANT__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a>The pancake is a hermetic compressor and a hermetic cooling system is a system without fittings, flanges or gaskets. Everything is soldered or welded together.<br />
The compressor, which is the heart of the cooling system, consists of a combined pump and electric motor encased in a single housing.<br />
In addition, the compressor has an electric start and protection system.<br />
The compressor is without stamp rings, so the seal between the piston and cylinder is established only with a clearance of few thousandths of a millimeter.<br />
There must also be some room for an oil film to ensure wear resistance and long life.<br />
A refrigerator cabinet (refrigerator or freezer) consists of an isolated cabinet in which is placed a cooling element or evaporator.<br />
In a closed circuit, the compressor draws the R12 refrigerant gases from the evaporator and the heat needed for evaporation is taken from the environment, including the food inside the cabinet. In addition<br />
to keeping food chilled / frozen, the cooling system must also remove the heat which occurs from the insulation and doorways.<br />
But where does the heat go?<br />
Outside the chilled room, a kind of radiator or condenser is placed, from where heat is transferred to the surrounding air. The refrigerant gases from the evaporator is sucked into the compressor<br />
and compressed to a higher pressure and thus a temperature higher than the surrounding area, thereby the transfer of heat can take place.<br />
At this point of the process, the refrigerant condenses and it converts from gas to liquid.<br />
In order to maintain the necessary pressure difference between the evaporator (suction side) and condenser (pressure side), we connect those with a so-called throttling device that can consist of a capillary tube or expansion valve. Both components have the task to<br />
inject into the evaporator the necessary volume of refrigerant.<br />
The brain of the refrigerator cabinet is a mechanical thermostat designed to provide a start and stop to the compressor in dependence of the thermal requirements of the refrigerator<br />
cabinet.<br />
In the refrigerated room or on the evaporator, the sensor of<br />
the thermostat is placed, whereby a signal to start or stop the<br />
compressor in dependence of the need for cooling takes place,<br />
since a switch contact is created inside the thermostat that can<br />
make or break the power to the compressor.<br />
In comparison, a car illustrates rather well the enormous demands<br />
that are raised to a hermetic compressor. A compressor is expected<br />
to have a lifespan of 15 years but many compressors last twice as<br />
long or even much longer.<br />
If a car travels approx. 250,000 km with an average speed of<br />
50 km/h, this is equivalent to 5,000 hours of operation. Assuming<br />
that the compressor operates for approx. 33 percent of its life, this<br />
means five years or 43,800 hours - then, more than eight times as<br />
long as the car!<br />
The 43,800 hours of operation provide approximately 7.6 billion<br />
engine revolutions and double the number of piston rotations at<br />
a 50 Hz network, if the compressor is driven by approx. 2,900<br />
rev./min. While the car has had oil replaced at least 15-20 times,<br />
the compressor, during its entire lifetime, runs on the same oil and<br />
without the need for any kind of service.<br />
<br />
NOTE 1: The slogan of ZOPPAS factory was "Zoppas makes them and no one destroys."..........Indeed........<br />
<br />
NOTE 2: I Found it on a curbside in 1992, I've changes only the termostat and the door gasket.<br />
<br />
NOTE 3: If anyone knows the exact model number feel free to post a comment here........<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Many contemporary appliances would not have this level of staying
power, many would ware out or require major services within just five
years or less and of course, there is that perennial bug bear of
planned obsolescence where components our deliberately designed to
fail or manufactured with limited edition specificities..............................</span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;"><b>HISTORY OF ZOPPAS INDUSTRY: </b></span><br />
<span style="color: #666666;"> <span style="color: #073763;">The history of Zoppas starts in Conegliano in 1926 when Ferdinand and his three sons Zoppas give life to the machine shop Zoppas Ferdinand & Sons snc specializes in the repair of cookers wood burning of foreign production.</span><br style="color: #073763;" /><br style="color: #073763;" /><span style="color: #073763;">In 1948 Zoppas come from the first wood-burning stoves and coal that mark the beginning of the company's growth in terms of employment, production and sales that will characterize the fifties.</span><br style="color: #073763;" /><br style="color: #073763;" /><span style="color: #073763;">In 1954, Zoppas began producing refrigerators. The employees in the workforce now exceeds 1,500. In the early sixties it expands the range of production with the washing machine.</span><br style="color: #073763;" /><br style="color: #073763;" /><span style="color: #073763;">In 1961 the former machine shop in Conegliano is transformed from a general partnership to limited company calling itself Ferdinand Zoppas SpA In 1964 Zoppas made the first dishwasher in Italian production / market (called the "Stovella"), expanding its production capacity with the creation of a new and technologically advanced plant in Susegana (Treviso Italy), in an area of over 100,000 square meters of the railway line Udine - Venice and the Pontebbana.</span><br style="color: #073763;" /><br style="color: #073763;" /><span style="color: #073763;">The economic boom years were the period of greatest expansion of Zoppas, also starting to export their products abroad, so that in 1967 the establishment of Susegana could count more than four thousand employees.</span><br style="color: #073763;" /><br style="color: #073763;" /><span style="color: #073763;">They open new branches in Padua, Florence, Milan, Turin, Naples, Bologna, Parma, Genoa, Udine, Rome, Catanzaro, Verona, Montesilvano.</span><br style="color: #073763;" /><br style="color: #073763;" /><span style="color: #073763;">The range of products Zoppas at the end of the sixties, ranging from cookers for domestic use, to large installations for kitchens of canteens and restaurants, from wood stoves, coal and electricity, refrigerators, washing machines, dishwashers, bathtubs, Bathroom with polishing. Its products were advertised on television was through the Carousel, which had the merit of spreading the slogan that still characterizes the products of the brand, "Zoppas makes them and no one destroys."</span><br style="color: #073763;" /><br style="color: #073763;" /><span style="color: #073763;">But it is precisely at this stage, in conjunction with the warm autumn, which opens the irreversible crisis of this giant of the appliance. The company is invested by financial difficulties, market, and rising of production costs.</span><br style="color: #073763;" /><br style="color: #073763;" /><span style="color: #073763;"> One false step is the purchase of a prestigious brand, the Triplex Solaro, in Lombardy, which specializes in cooking and heating, an operation with which the management hoped to call in the race group of Conegliano. Indeed, the Triplex reveals the facts a "bottomless pit" that contributes decisively to exacerbate the financial difficulties of Zoppas.</span><br style="color: #073763;" /><br style="color: #073763;" /><span style="color: #073763;">In that period also Zanussi Pordenone, the main competitor of the Italian Zoppas, is hit by financial difficulties. Faced with the very real risk that the Italian appliance industry jumped in one fell swoop, the government decided to intervene by promoting a process of integration of the industry, through the provision of a series of loans between 50 and 100 billion Lires by the IMI (Institute Mobilare Italian), which then depended on the Ministry of the Treasury, Zanussi, the leader of this aggregation process.</span><br style="color: #073763;" /><br style="color: #073763;" /><span style="color: #073763;">Still remain unclear, the phases of the cartel that led to the absorption of Zoppas by Zanussi, but it seems that the group of Pordenone had Zoppas compared to those directories favorable to be the leader of this integration process.</span><br style="color: #073763;" /><span style="color: #073763;">Zanussi Zoppas, it follows the fortunes, so in the mid-eighties the whole group was absorbed by the Italian Swedish multinational Electrolux.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>ZOPPAS MOD.?? Hermetic refrigerant compressor:</b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2ylTLGrgDlPOp6VojAkNg-g0mGUPDuppccCCh8PJQD3cEreiNDj3UgOmu1hqrGISzodrFNI55rc2CPYOCTMvZy8XQANNeKLTK42SRsFJJsFDsRfikd3hHQOvbr1x2ARDJAOYFuLTqLZvx/s1600/JENS_TOUBORG__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2ylTLGrgDlPOp6VojAkNg-g0mGUPDuppccCCh8PJQD3cEreiNDj3UgOmu1hqrGISzodrFNI55rc2CPYOCTMvZy8XQANNeKLTK42SRsFJJsFDsRfikd3hHQOvbr1x2ARDJAOYFuLTqLZvx/s320/JENS_TOUBORG__F12M.jpg" width="205" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">Patented by </span>TRESCO INC - Jens, Touborg <br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWzYEp7wj2sQJnHeprO2sAVlphIZjOJdrUIRPGPd41DNQQvtbQziOHgAdtnXsQVKNvwGjkCYf5DdXbQwTlY8RBLhCRjq5oVxJi8SfqCFpv7qgmz4vEcXtw2FzAonpfdZd6AdXcYSpa07oQ/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PROD-LINE-1__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWzYEp7wj2sQJnHeprO2sAVlphIZjOJdrUIRPGPd41DNQQvtbQziOHgAdtnXsQVKNvwGjkCYf5DdXbQwTlY8RBLhCRjq5oVxJi8SfqCFpv7qgmz4vEcXtw2FzAonpfdZd6AdXcYSpa07oQ/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PROD-LINE-1__F12M.jpg" width="228" /></a></div>
<br />
During the meetings at Tecumseh in Detroit,<br />
Danfoss worked together with a Dane named<br />
Jens Touborg. He had emigrated from Denmark<br />
in 1926, and he was one of the co-owners of<br />
the partially Tecumseh-owned development<br />
company TRESCO that delivered the<br />
drawings to Tecumseh. The position and<br />
his Danish roots made him the natural<br />
choice and partner for the Danes.<br />
The ownership of Tecumseh was difficult<br />
to figure out. Tecumseh Products was<br />
responsible for production, while TRESCO<br />
handled development. Between the two<br />
companies were several other companies<br />
with owners, who again were intertwined. The<br />
spheres of influence were not always easy to<br />
interpret - nor unidirectional.<br />
Jens Touborg’s cooperation with his old fellow<br />
compatriots had been good.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" width="229" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBixY78cK-nW_GLhGU5JeqRQAQPkifD-kYQCK1S0oSeeyjoaMmHTl7YSTlwzTxlaj51rpVE0RKRv4Nyju3oZiwDVUQy0Rd7pvNM6Rh5eHcrN6Pa7BxfKL9_gFU0QRdNhVCXY_Wcq79rcQB/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PROD-LINE-2__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBixY78cK-nW_GLhGU5JeqRQAQPkifD-kYQCK1S0oSeeyjoaMmHTl7YSTlwzTxlaj51rpVE0RKRv4Nyju3oZiwDVUQy0Rd7pvNM6Rh5eHcrN6Pa7BxfKL9_gFU0QRdNhVCXY_Wcq79rcQB/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PROD-LINE-2__F12M.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a>Danfoss introduced the Tecumseh compressor model<br />
P91 on the market as type 101. The compressor with a<br />
cooling capacity of approx.75 Watt was designed for the<br />
large American refrigerators. On the other hand, in a very<br />
popular, European refrigerator of 100 liters, the Pancake<br />
compressor took approx. 12 percent of the space, which<br />
was too much.<br />
Therefore, it was only natural for Danfoss to examine<br />
the possibility of redesigning the compressor to fit the<br />
European refrigerators, but it did not succeed. The situation<br />
was discussed with Tecumseh, who came with a proposal<br />
for a small compressor with a 2-pole motor that provides<br />
twice the number of turns as a 4-pole motor.<br />
Several companies started production of compressors for<br />
their own production of refrigerators and freezers, and the<br />
concept to become an independent compressor supplier,<br />
which Danfoss worked on, was new in Europe. For Danfoss,<br />
it was also a question of striking the right balance, since the<br />
company did not want to be seen as a competitor to the<br />
customers purchasing products from Køleautomatik<br />
(RC/AC).<br />
<br />
Over the past years, many people have wondered why<br />
Danfoss did not start a production of refrigerators and<br />
freezers, but that would mean competing with own<br />
customers and this was not wanted.<br />
Tecumseh did not give Danfoss any kind of exclusive rights to produce and sell the Pancake. But Danfoss was first, and this was an advantage, Danfoss wanted to maintain its position. Already in February - less than one month after entering the agreement - the first hermetic compressor with the red Danfoss logo reached batch production. (here pictured the pot press-machine for the manufacturing of compressor pots.)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />This invention relates to a hermetically sealed<br />compressor, and it has p</span><span style="font-size: small;">articular reference to a<br />compressor suitable for use in a refrigeration<br />system, and its coordination with the condenser<br />employed therein.<br /><br />One purpose of the invention is to provide a<br />hermetic compressor, adapted to be driven by a<br />fractional horsepower motor, which is extremely<br />compact and of relatively small dimensions for<br />its capacity, so that, when assembled in a domes-<br />tic box, a greater percentage of the box volume<br />may be given over to food storage. Another fea-<br />ture in providing such a compact unit is to de-<br />crease the space between the heat-generating<br />elements of the compressor and the casing,<br />whereby cooling may be more readily effected.<br />Other aspects of the invention involve an im-<br />proved internal resilient mounting for the com-<br />pressor and motors ; provision of built-in muffler<br />chambers to minimize the development of noise;<br />and simplifications of construction and assembly<br />conducive to economics in manufacture. The<br />invention also contemplates the combination of<br />the compressor with a flue type condenser,<br />whereby the high side of the refrigeration sys-<br />tem may be fabricated as a unit.<br /><br />The invention may be more readily understood<br />by a perusal of the following description of a<br />typical embodiment, illustrated in the accom-<br />panying drawings, wherein:<br /><br />Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the compressor-<br />condenser assembly, shown as it appears when<br />mounted for service in a domestic refrigerator;<br /><br />Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the assembly of<br />Fig. 1:<br /><br />Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the com-<br />pressor;<br /><br />Fig. 4 is a bottom plan of the compressor and<br />its internal mounting, the casing being shown<br />in section as indicated by the line 4—-4 of Fig. 3;<br /><br />Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary section taken<br />substantially on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2; and<br /><br />Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section taken on the<br />line S——6 of Fig. 5.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRSsPnl9xEUE0bFswJte-rV1nVcSlCFlyIPJB1Yu7kMH9vshHZ2-k3b05CwlKmffcnqDQ_ZW6GaQnOJNCMVM1GF1EdMMLpgXPICNXbBHZFnd7tJ2k-87TGrxZHqJN9hSofPm0nqzvF_oPG/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRSsPnl9xEUE0bFswJte-rV1nVcSlCFlyIPJB1Yu7kMH9vshHZ2-k3b05CwlKmffcnqDQ_ZW6GaQnOJNCMVM1GF1EdMMLpgXPICNXbBHZFnd7tJ2k-87TGrxZHqJN9hSofPm0nqzvF_oPG/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-1.jpg" width="218" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />Referring flrst to Figs. 1 and 2, there is shown<br />9. hermetic compressor casing II provided with<br />diametrically opposed outstanding flanges I2,<br />which are bolted to short flange sections I3 and<br />I4 respectively of upright columns I5 and I6.<br />These columns are, except for the region of the<br />short flange sections, of angular cross section,<br />each having a flange I1 parallel to the short<br />flange sections, ‘and a flange I8 at right angles<br />thereto. The two facing flanges I8 of the col-<br />umns provide a support for a refrigerant con-<br />having a continuous coil of tubing consisting of<br />parallel transverse stretches 2| connected by re-<br />turn bends 22 and vertically disposed spaced fins<br />23. The flanges I8 may be formed with open end<br />slots 24 to receive the several tube stretches 2|<br />and thereby firmly support the condenser with<br />outermost edges of the flns disposed between<br />plumb lines passing through the front and back<br />surfaces of the compressor casing I I.<br /><br />The column flanges I1 provide means for<br />mounting the assembly on the rear of a domestic<br />refrigerator cabinet, as schematically indicated in<br />Fig. 1. Herein, the dot and dash lines 25 and 28<br />represent the internal and external walls of the<br />box, and the flanges I1 are connected to the ex-<br />ternal wall in any suitable manner. It will be seen<br />that the compressor is suspended on the columns<br />below the condenser, and when the box is posi-<br />tioned close to the room wall 21, an induced draft<br />of cooling air will flow from the floor beneath the<br />compressor and up the flue-like space between<br />box and wall, thereby to extract heat from the<br />high side portions of the refrigeration system.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8S5wATdBEI1f-XI3WPbYUXHCUW9uzIIAtTrgNbeml395x0Is2rCPFL2RqzFVVQAwQ43sXdxCwh-kba-gCaEVGDkrKP5EZ5Sz7WjTmCDP44s7F2Bce0cMP2sigazke0fLPHXI81zL2Wmn4/s1600/IMGH_06992__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8S5wATdBEI1f-XI3WPbYUXHCUW9uzIIAtTrgNbeml395x0Is2rCPFL2RqzFVVQAwQ43sXdxCwh-kba-gCaEVGDkrKP5EZ5Sz7WjTmCDP44s7F2Bce0cMP2sigazke0fLPHXI81zL2Wmn4/s1600/IMGH_06992__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9PUBMSjfhKVgwaJcVY4cA6bKHBt2lpTsTDFzuwuzez63WbLczOGiurhHDNcBiDEuZQjMyxivjUCF89Ae4JYU0cn3kv51lUui-cxDbYkvZyIc-CYUx2H3TrpQUtRgcyBxOk6-oFnF9yfgr/s1600/IMGH_05995.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="font-size: small;">The refrigerant circuit is also illustrated—in<br />part schematically——in Figs. 1 and 2. Com-<br />pressed refrigerant flows from the casing II<br />through a discharge line 28 into the upper stretch<br />2I of the condenser I9, through the several con-<br />volutions, and thence through a liquid strainer<br />29 into a capillary feed tube 3| which may pass<br />between the box walls 25 and 26 into the refrig-<br />erant evaporator 32, disposed in the food storage<br />compartment. - Expended refrigerant vapor rc-<br />turns to the compressor through a suction line<br />33. Automatic control of the cycle of operations<br />is eflected in the usual manner, current being<br />supplied to the compressor motor through a con-<br />ductor cord 530.<br /><br />It will be seen that the short flange sections<br />I3 and I4 not only provide pads for connecting<br />the casing II to the columns I5 and I6, but that<br />one of them also provides a housing for the vari-<br />ous electrical connections and motor auxiliaries.<br />In practice, the short flange sections may be<br />formed by welding plates to standard angle irons,<br />or they may be formed by cutting away excessive<br />portions of one flange of channel irons. The mo-<br />tor lead terminals 35 are brought through the<br />wall of the casing II adjacent one flange I2,<br />to project through an opening 36‘ cut in the<br />flange I8 of one column, as, for example, the col-<br />umn I5 provided with the short flange section I3.<br />End closure members 31 and 38 are secured be-<br />tween the flanges I3 and I1 adjacent the ends of<br />the flange I3, and a removable cover plate (not<br />shown) may subsequently be positioned over the<br />open surface shown in Fig. 1. Provision is there-<br />by made to locate the starting and overload rc-<br />lays, and points of service connections, exteriorly<br />of the casing, where they are readily accessible,<br />and withsl to enclose them against dust and un-<br />authorized tampering.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr8WN_kU56qv7EYlQcl41OS2b0mLofjkN-gyy4wtEm0ZNw_f8ktwQWTPbPNA8z6rpLuRAaNxSvnmRB1oLvgE3KsEUiM9k8OscmhDDzGk2m6mJx2YpxZ2ereh_s8GamdU1cHCekHo5Q6Mft/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr8WN_kU56qv7EYlQcl41OS2b0mLofjkN-gyy4wtEm0ZNw_f8ktwQWTPbPNA8z6rpLuRAaNxSvnmRB1oLvgE3KsEUiM9k8OscmhDDzGk2m6mJx2YpxZ2ereh_s8GamdU1cHCekHo5Q6Mft/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-2.jpg" width="218" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br />The casing II is formed from two sections II<br />and 42. substantially circular in outline and rela-<br />tively shallow. thus forming a generally cylin-<br />drical casing, wherein, in the embodiment shown,<br />the diameter is Ereater than the axial length.<br />These are welded together along abutting flanges<br />I3 and M, and these flanges, in the assembled<br />unit. as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, are vertically dis-<br />posed, rather than horizontally, as has hereto-<br />fore been common practice. The mounting<br />flanges I 2 are each provided with arcuate webs<br />II for connection to the casing section 42, the<br />web adjacent the terminals 35 of course being<br />slotted. The motor and compressor assembly is<br />mounted within the casing, with the motor shaft<br />disposed in an upright position, or at right angles<br />to the casing axis, as is clearly shown in Fig. 3.<br /><br />This assembly comprises a substantially cir-<br />cular and relatively thin main </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">casting is pro-<br />vided at diametrically opposed pointswith out-<br />standing lugs 41, each of which is transversely <br />bored to accommodate mounting means, as will<br />presently be described. The casting 46 is cen-<br />trally formed with an upstanding bearing boss 48<br />which is axially bored to receive a main shaft 49.<br />The upper end of the shaft 49 receives a bored<br />and counterbored quill 5| whose internal shoulder<br />seats on the upper end of the boss 48 to provide<br />9. thrust and supporting hearing. The quill is<br />retained on the shaft by set screws 52. Lubri-<br />cating oil is supplied to both the radial and thrust<br />bearings by means of a. spiral groove 53 cut in the<br />shaft 48,'which is fed by splashing from oil con-<br />tained in the casing I I, or by other desired means.<br />A drain hole OI in the web of the casting 46 per-<br />mits oil to return to the pool beneath.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr8WN_kU56qv7EYlQcl41OS2b0mLofjkN-gyy4wtEm0ZNw_f8ktwQWTPbPNA8z6rpLuRAaNxSvnmRB1oLvgE3KsEUiM9k8OscmhDDzGk2m6mJx2YpxZ2ereh_s8GamdU1cHCekHo5Q6Mft/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr8WN_kU56qv7EYlQcl41OS2b0mLofjkN-gyy4wtEm0ZNw_f8ktwQWTPbPNA8z6rpLuRAaNxSvnmRB1oLvgE3KsEUiM9k8OscmhDDzGk2m6mJx2YpxZ2ereh_s8GamdU1cHCekHo5Q6Mft/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-2.jpg" width="218" /></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">The exterior cylindrical surface of the quill 5|<br />serves as a supporting mandrel for the rotor 54<br />of an electric motor 55. the stator 56 of which is<br />contained in a cylindrical sleeve 51 internally<br />shouldered at its ends. one end of the sleeve is<br />positioned on a cooperatively shouldered concen-<br />tric rim is formed on the casting 46, thereby to<br />retain the motor components in operative rela-<br />tionship. Lead wires 59 from the motor windings<br />extend through a suitably located aperture SI<br />(Fig. 4) in the casting is, for connection to the<br />inner ends of the terminals 35.<br /><br />The lower end of the motor shaft 49 extends<br />through and below the casting 48, where it is<br />offset to provide a crank arm 62 from which de-<br />pends a crank pin '63. A cylinder block 64 formed<br />with a cylinder 65 is secured to the lower side of<br />the casting is by screws 86. The cylinder is fltted<br />with a reciprocating piston 61 operatively con-<br />nected to the pin 63. As shown in Figs. 3, 4, and<br />6, this connection is made by a crosshead 68 into<br />which the pin 63 projects, and the crosshead is<br />guided for transverse reciprocating motion in a<br />slotted cylindrical yoke 69 secured to the end of<br />the piston 61. The crank arm 62 is provided with<br />a counterweight 1|.<br /><br />The motor and compressor assembly is inter-<br />nally mounted within the casing II by a resilient<br />suspension cooperating with the previously re-<br />ferred to casting lugs 41. The casing sections<br />CI and 42 are each provided with spaced pad<br />portions 18 and 14 respectively. located radially 75<br />equidistant from the longitudinal axis of the<br />cylindrical dimension of the casing. and in an<br />axial horizontal plane passing therethrough.<br />Opposed pads may therefore be brought into<br />alignment when the two casing sections are<br />superimposed.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7AkhpJ8S_x1Jr3KQ9VWgJO7VuKAXlFn3fUaHi_uAKyQTaBO6NpczhRbZGxY3SAJu1wxdulE6WuW6VIBxvuVsWuj7l7W8xTgiJj4rOH0RKug5sxkbLyMnWDf7ucE_6V4xBfEvfLq3o14A/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-3.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7AkhpJ8S_x1Jr3KQ9VWgJO7VuKAXlFn3fUaHi_uAKyQTaBO6NpczhRbZGxY3SAJu1wxdulE6WuW6VIBxvuVsWuj7l7W8xTgiJj4rOH0RKug5sxkbLyMnWDf7ucE_6V4xBfEvfLq3o14A/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-3.jpg" width="218" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> As best shown in Figs. 4 and 5,<br />each pad is provided, on its inner surface, with<br />abutments or sockets 15 which may conveniently<br />be welded thereto. The ends of transverse sup-<br />porting rods 10 extend into and are retained by<br />the aligned sockets, and these rods pass through<br />the openings 11 in the casting lugs 41. Each rod<br />is surrounded by ‘a coiled spring 1!, which may<br />be of double conical shape. and the springs also<br />pass through the openings 11, and abutthe ends<br />of the sockets 13.<br /><br />Inasmuch as the springs 18 are helical, the<br />openings 11 may be internally threaded, so that<br />the springs may be screwed into them and bind<br />when the major spring diameter reaches the<br />center of the openings. In making the assem-<br />bly, the casting 46, motor 55, and compressor are<br />put together, and the springs are positioned in<br />the lugs 41. The casing section 12 is then laid<br />on its side, as shown in Fig. 4,</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr8WN_kU56qv7EYlQcl41OS2b0mLofjkN-gyy4wtEm0ZNw_f8ktwQWTPbPNA8z6rpLuRAaNxSvnmRB1oLvgE3KsEUiM9k8OscmhDDzGk2m6mJx2YpxZ2ereh_s8GamdU1cHCekHo5Q6Mft/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr8WN_kU56qv7EYlQcl41OS2b0mLofjkN-gyy4wtEm0ZNw_f8ktwQWTPbPNA8z6rpLuRAaNxSvnmRB1oLvgE3KsEUiM9k8OscmhDDzGk2m6mJx2YpxZ2ereh_s8GamdU1cHCekHo5Q6Mft/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-2.jpg" width="218" /></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"> and the rods 18<br />are placed in the sockets 15 to stand in a ver-<br />tical position. The springs are then pushed over<br />the ends of the rods until they abut the sockets,<br />and then the casing section 4| is placed on the<br />upper ends of the rods and pressed down until<br />the flanges I3 and u abut. This will place the<br />springs 18 under some compression, tending to<br />expand the coils within the openings 11, and<br />thereby preventing lateral displacement. The<br />small ends of the springs grip the rods 10 adja-<br />cent the pads 15, but at the large diameter there<br />is clearance, as is shown in Fig. 5. This provides<br />a transverse resilient suspension of the motor and<br />compressor, effectively supporting the asembly<br />in all directions.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br /> </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7AkhpJ8S_x1Jr3KQ9VWgJO7VuKAXlFn3fUaHi_uAKyQTaBO6NpczhRbZGxY3SAJu1wxdulE6WuW6VIBxvuVsWuj7l7W8xTgiJj4rOH0RKug5sxkbLyMnWDf7ucE_6V4xBfEvfLq3o14A/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-3.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7AkhpJ8S_x1Jr3KQ9VWgJO7VuKAXlFn3fUaHi_uAKyQTaBO6NpczhRbZGxY3SAJu1wxdulE6WuW6VIBxvuVsWuj7l7W8xTgiJj4rOH0RKug5sxkbLyMnWDf7ucE_6V4xBfEvfLq3o14A/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-3.jpg" width="218" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">As best shown in Figs. 4 and 6, the cylinder<br />block 64 is formed with laterally projecting por-<br />tions BI and 82, each of which is internally cored<br />to provide mufller chambers for both incoming<br />and discharged refrigerant. The suction vapors<br />returning through the line 33 enter the top of<br />the casing II and circulate around the motor,<br />and then enter the block 64 through a suction<br />pipe 83 extending from the portion 82 to a point<br />in the casingabove the casting I-6, and therefore<br />above the oil level. The pipe 83 communicates<br />with the cored chamber 84, and through it with<br />the inlet passage 85 which is drilled in the head<br />end of the block 64. Compressed refrigerant<br />flnds its way to a drilled duct 86 communicating<br />with a cored chamber 81 in the portion 8|, which<br />is also provided with an outlet fitting 83 leading<br />to a discharge line 89. The line 39 is coiled in<br />the oil bath, so that the heat of the compressed<br />refrigerant will aid in eliminating refrigerant<br />dissolved in the lubricant. The discharge line<br />passes through the wall of the casing section 42<br />for connection to the condenser, as heretofore<br />described. The provision of muiller chambers on<br />both the inlet and discharge side of- the cylinder,<br />and the building of such chambers into the block,<br />greatly reduces the tendency to develop noise. and<br />also simplifies construction and assembly.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" width="229" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The ducts 85 and 86 are covered by a. valve<br />plate SI and -a cylinder head 92, conveniently<br />secured by bolts «93 to the block 64. The head<br />92 is provided with an internal wall 94 abutting<br />the plate 9! between its inlet and outlet ports<br />95 and 80. The plate is also provided with in.<br />wardly and outwardly opening valve leaves for<br />the ports, and with openings 91 and 98 register-<br />ing with the ducts 85 and 86.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7AkhpJ8S_x1Jr3KQ9VWgJO7VuKAXlFn3fUaHi_uAKyQTaBO6NpczhRbZGxY3SAJu1wxdulE6WuW6VIBxvuVsWuj7l7W8xTgiJj4rOH0RKug5sxkbLyMnWDf7ucE_6V4xBfEvfLq3o14A/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-3.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7AkhpJ8S_x1Jr3KQ9VWgJO7VuKAXlFn3fUaHi_uAKyQTaBO6NpczhRbZGxY3SAJu1wxdulE6WuW6VIBxvuVsWuj7l7W8xTgiJj4rOH0RKug5sxkbLyMnWDf7ucE_6V4xBfEvfLq3o14A/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-3.jpg" width="218" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />It is believed that the operation will be readily<br />apparent to those skilled in the art from the<br />foregoing description. ‘When current is supplied<br />to the motor 55 in response to an increase in the<br />low side pressure in the evaporator, the piston 61<br />is reciprocated to draw refrigerant vapor through<br />the pipe 83 into the cylinder 65, where it is com-<br />pressed and then‘ discharged through the line 89,<br />connected to the line 28 leading to the condenser<br />I9. In passing through the casing ii, the re-<br />frigerant aids in cooling the motor, both by con-<br />duction with the motor parts and by convection<br />to the casing wall. Vibrations caused by the<br />motor and compressor motion are absorbed -and<br />dampened through the suspension on the trans-<br />versely disposed springs 18, while compression<br />noises or hisses are minimized by the two mulflers<br />84 and 81.<br /><br />It will be seen that the springs 13 provide<br />metallic heat paths directly to the walls of the<br />casing H, further to aid in compressor cooling,<br />and that the external surface of the casing is<br />directly disposed in the path of the induced cool-<br />ing air flowing around the back of the cabinet<br />and the condenser I9. An additiona</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">l direct me-<br />tallic heat dissipating path is provided between<br />the flanges I 2 and the columns I 5 and I6. Due<br />to the internal mounting of the compressor and<br />motor, it is not necessary to provide resilient con-<br />nections between these parts.<br /><br />The casing II is so devised as to fit in close<br />spaced relation to the compressor, thus minirniz—<br />ing space requirements and the internal heat path<br />to the casing walls. It will further be seen that<br />the components of the assembly are so organized<br />as to lend themselves to simplified manufactur-<br />ing operations and ease of assembly, thereby pro-<br />viding a highly emcient and economical unit.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">While the invention has been described with<br />reference to a single embodiment thereof. it is<br />not intended to limit it to the precise details<br />shown and described, but to encompass all such<br />variations and modifications as fall within the<br />scope of the appended claims.<br /><br /><br /><br />1. A </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgycNC3s2KU6-zqEZdeV0jgD39diLSuha9CrDAm4XecwLK41wVnhnRU4Lf3dm7Oou2bGTubRKxL9wZkjtvGY20c6Yc8YujA5s5XpMgWBbwdc4xnmflWPtaiRI6Id1Lktw3Dhk_bKcmS3Ks3/s1600/IMGH_06986__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgycNC3s2KU6-zqEZdeV0jgD39diLSuha9CrDAm4XecwLK41wVnhnRU4Lf3dm7Oou2bGTubRKxL9wZkjtvGY20c6Yc8YujA5s5XpMgWBbwdc4xnmflWPtaiRI6Id1Lktw3Dhk_bKcmS3Ks3/s1600/IMGH_06986__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">hermetic compressor comprising a_ sealed<br />casing formed of at least two sections each of <br /><br />which is internally provided with at least two<br />spaced abutments, said abutments being aligned<br />in opposed pairs when said casing is sealed, a<br />substantially annular casting mounted in and<br />transversely of said casing, a motor and compres-<br />sor connected to said casting, hollow lugs formed<br />on the casting at spaced portions thereof and in<br />substantial alignment with said opposed pair of<br />abutments. rods extending from said abutments<br />and through said lugs, and coiled springs posi-<br />tioned around s-aid rods and engaging the abut-<br />ments at their ends and the internal walls of<br />the lugs therebetween.<br /><br />2. The hermetic compressor</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="font-size: small;"> of claim 1, wherein<br />said coiled springs are of double corneal shape,<br />the portions thereof of maximum diameter en-<br />gage within the lugs, the end portions of smaller<br />diameter engage the rods adjacent the abut-<br />ments. and said springs are under compression.<br /><br />3. Refrigeration apparatus comprising a her-<br />metic compressor having a substantially cylin-<br />drical casing of less axial depth than the diameter thereof, a motor and compressor assembly<br />resiliently mounted within the casing, motor lead<br />terminals extending through the arcuate wall of<br />the casing at one side thereof,</span><span style="font-size: small;"> diametrically op-<br />posed webs connected to said arcuate wall and<br />having angularly disposed mounting flanges ex-<br />tending outwardly therefrom, one of said webs<br />being perforated to receive said terminals, sup-<br />porting columns connected to said web flanges,<br />said column connected to said one perforated<br />web also being perforated to receive said ter-<br />minals, said perforated column being formed<br />with outwardly extending spaced flanges partially<br />enclosing -said terminals, and cover means<br />adapted to be positioned between said flanges<br />further to enclose said terminals.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8S5wATdBEI1f-XI3WPbYUXHCUW9uzIIAtTrgNbeml395x0Is2rCPFL2RqzFVVQAwQ43sXdxCwh-kba-gCaEVGDkrKP5EZ5Sz7WjTmCDP44s7F2Bce0cMP2sigazke0fLPHXI81zL2Wmn4/s1600/IMGH_06992__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8S5wATdBEI1f-XI3WPbYUXHCUW9uzIIAtTrgNbeml395x0Is2rCPFL2RqzFVVQAwQ43sXdxCwh-kba-gCaEVGDkrKP5EZ5Sz7WjTmCDP44s7F2Bce0cMP2sigazke0fLPHXI81zL2Wmn4/s1600/IMGH_06992__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9PUBMSjfhKVgwaJcVY4cA6bKHBt2lpTsTDFzuwuzez63WbLczOGiurhHDNcBiDEuZQjMyxivjUCF89Ae4JYU0cn3kv51lUui-cxDbYkvZyIc-CYUx2H3TrpQUtRgcyBxOk6-oFnF9yfgr/s1600/IMGH_05995.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">4. Refrigeration apparatus comprising a pair<br />of spaced supporting columns adapted to be posi-<br />tioned in a vertical position, a hermetic com-<br />pressor suspended. from and between said col-<br />umns adjacent the lower ends thereof, said com-<br />pressor comprising a substantially cylindrical<br />casing of less axial length than diameter, a<br />motor, compressor, and supporting casting posi-<br />tioned in said casing, said casting being posi-<br />tioned in a substantially horizontal position, di-<br />ametrically spaced mounting flanges connected<br />to the arcuate wall of said casing and to said col-<br />umns, spaced supporting springs for the casting<br />extending in a horizontal direction between end<br />walls of said cylindrical casing, thereby to mount<br />the motor and compressor and -c-asting within the<br />casing with the major dimension of the casing extending vertically and the minor axial dimension <br />extending horizontally with respect to the<br />supporting columns. <br /><br />5. A hermetic compressor comprising a two<br />part sealed casing of generally cylindrical form,<br />a plurality of pairs of opposed abutments formed<br />on opposite walls of the casing, the abutments of<br />said pairs being respectively positioned on each<br />of the parts of the casing in spaced relation to<br />the axis thereof, an interconnected motor, supporting casting, and compressor within the casing<br /> in spaced relation to the inner walls thereof.<br />said motor having its shaft disposed normal to<br />the axis of the casing, supporting lugs formed on<br />the casting at spaced points and in line with the<br />opposed abutments, and coiled springs extending<br />from said _abutments to said lugs, said springs<br />extending transversely of the casting and motor<br />shaft and substantially parallel to the axis of the<br />casing and providing supporting and vibration<br />damping means for the motor, casting, and compressor.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br />This invention relates to compressors of the type adapted to the compression of refrigerant<br />vapor, and it is particularly concerned with a<br />compressor in which is incorporated a lubricant<br />pump to supply oil to the working parts thereof.<br />The present invention includes subject matter<br />which is also described in my prior and copend<br />ing application, Serial No. 51,348, filed Septem-<br />ber 27, 1948, and to that extent this application<br />may be deemed a continuation in part.<br /><br />One of the problems presented in connection<br />with small or fractional horsepower compressors,<br />to be used in conventional refrigerating systems,<br />is the elimination of noise. Another problem is<br />to assure adequate supplies of lubricant to the<br />working parts, such as the motor shaft. It has<br />heretofore been proposed to include a small aux-<br />iliary pump in the compressor assembly to de-<br />liver oil to the working parts, but it has been<br />found, under many conditions of operation, that<br />a pump having adequate capacity also generated<br />a relatively loud noise. and thus detracted from<br />one of the desired attributes of the compressor.<br />Another problem encountered in the provision of<br />a lubricant pump is that many proposals require a substantial <br />number of additional parts, complicated porting and conduit arrangements and<br />the like, and thus unduly increase the cost.<br /><br />According to the present invention, a lubricant<br />pump of high capacity, a</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">nd which has been<br />found to be substantially noiseless in operation,<br />is built into the compressor assembly, and is so<br />devised as to require substantially no additional<br />parts, and a minimum of machining operations.<br />In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the<br />pumping eifect is obtained by inclining a recip-<br />rocating piston-in-cylinder compressor with re-<br />spect to the axis of the drive shaft, and utiliz-<br />ing the resulting relative linear motion between<br />the crank pin and piston yoke to force oil into<br />a duct drilled in the drive shaft. Additionally,<br />the crank pin is also inclined to the axis of the<br />drive shaft, to impart an arcuate oscillatory mo-<br />tion to the piston about its longitudinal axis. as<br />well as a linear reciprocating motion. The com-<br />pounded motion of the piston provides a wiping<br />action within the cylinder, which laps or polishes<br />out score marks that might otherwise be formed<br />by adventitious dirt particles. Such motion<br />moreover maintains the piston in motion in at<br />least one direction at all times, and thus fur-<br />ther eliminates or reduces a noise factor which<br />is an incident to, or inherent in, reciprocating<br />pistons whose linear motion is truly or approxi<br />The principles of the invention, and the ad-'<br />vantages to be derived therefrom, will be made<br />apparent from the following description of a<br />typical embodiment, illustrated in the accom-<br />panying drawings, wherein:</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispctT1RNmf9k3SxkbNBIkrqw0evdCVjglKhPE02XC3zKAt5uDDU2-Cq6vva3XbnT6iPBsVaO5-rTG7ih0C5z1bWpCpAxeAoHC2z3EE5chyphenhyphen5b3VFBZhupAvpMRwPGehPZCRhm_ni1s4G3-/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PISTON__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispctT1RNmf9k3SxkbNBIkrqw0evdCVjglKhPE02XC3zKAt5uDDU2-Cq6vva3XbnT6iPBsVaO5-rTG7ih0C5z1bWpCpAxeAoHC2z3EE5chyphenhyphen5b3VFBZhupAvpMRwPGehPZCRhm_ni1s4G3-/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PISTON__F12M.jpg" width="255" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br />Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a hermetic<br />compressor incorporating the invention;<br /><br />Fig. 2 is a bottom plan;<br /><br />Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive are enlarged fragmentary<br />horizontal sections through the cylinder and<br />piston assembly of the compressor, showing the<br />relative positions of the parts at -ninety degree<br />intervals during a complete revolution of the<br />drive shaft;<br /><br />Figs. 7 ands are enlarged fragmentary ver-<br />tical sections through the cylinder and piston<br />assembly, showing the positions corresponding<br />to those shown in Figs. 3 and 6, respectively;<br /><br />Fig. 9 is an exploded view, partly in section and<br />partly in elevation, of the drive shaft, crosshead.<br />and piston and yoke of the compressor;<br /><br />Fig. 10 is an additionally enlarged bottom plan<br />of the crosshead; and,<br /><br />Fig. 11 is a top plan of the piston and yoke<br />assembly.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br />Referring primarily to Figs. 1 and 2, the com-<br />pressor (in common with thatvdisclosed in my<br />above identified prior application) comprises a<br />two-part casing or shell including flanged sec-<br />tions 2| and 22, which are relatively shallow<br />with respect to their diameters. and which are<br />welded together after assembly to provide a<br />hermetically sealed compressor. Within the cas-<br />ing are an electric motor 23, main casting 24,<br />and a refrigerant pump or compressor 25, all<br />of which. are connected together and are re-<br />siliently mounted in spaced relation to the cas-<br />ing walls. The casting 24 is generally annular in<br />form‘, and it is provided at diametrically op-<br />posed points with outstanding lugs 26, each of<br />which is transversely bored to receive mounting<br />means, as will presently be described. The cast-<br />ing 24 is centrally formed with an, upstanding<br />bearing boss 21, which is axially bored to receive<br />a vertically disposed main drive shaft 28, whose<br />ends project both above and below the boss.<br /><br />The upper end of the shaft 28 receives a bored<br />and counterbored quill 3| provided with a sleeve<br />32 whose lower end is supported on the upper<br />end of the boss 21 through the medium of a<br />thrust washer 33. The sleeve is suitably con-<br />nected to the upper end of the shaft 28, as, for<br />example, by means of a press fit. A motor<br />rotor 34 is also press fitted into the quill 3|.<br />The motor stator </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">35 is mounted on a. shoulder 36<br />through the aperture 45of the casting 24 by bolts 59; A piston El is re<br />formed on. the periphery of the casting 2|. and it<br />is secured in position by any suitable means, such <br />as bolts, not shown. The motor lead wires 31<br />extend to terminals 38 which pass through the<br />wall of the casing section 22, and into a relay<br />box,39. welded to the casing. wherein the in-<br />dicated electrical connections may be made.<br />The casting 24 and the parts connected there-<br />to are internally mounted in the casing by a re-<br />silient suspension cooperating with the casting<br />lugs 26. </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">The- casing sections are each provided<br />with spaced padportionsll, 42, located substantially radially equidistant from the longitudinal<br />axis of the cylindrical dimension of the casing,<br />and in an axial plane parallel thereto. Opposed<br />pads may therefore bebrought into alignment<br />when the casing sections are superimposed. As<br />described in detail in my aforesaid copending ap<br />plioation, each padpis provided with an abutment<br />or socket 43 which is welded thereto. to receive<br />the ends of transversely extending spring sup-.<br />porting and retaining rods 44, which pass through<br />tapped apertures 45 in the lugs 26. Each rod is<br />surrounded by a coiled spring 45 which also passes<br /><br />The springs 46 are both helical and cylindrical.)<br />and they are-screwed/into the apertures 45 to<br />project on each side thereof the proper distance<br />to center or locate the compressor assembly with-<br />in‘ the casing. While the springs contact the<br />lugs, they do not contact the rods 44 except at<br />the ends thereof,.where they are bent into a gen-<br />erally hairpin convolution togrip the rod on op-<br />posite sides, and around a small key 41 formed<br />on either end thereof. These keys prevent rota.-<br />tion of the springs and rods relative to each other<br />after the assembly has been made and adjust-<br />ed. -The casing section 22 is also provided with<br />depending brackets 48, disposed above the lugs<br />26. to whichvare connected one end of. tension<br />springs 49, whose opposite ends engage openings<br />formed in ears 5| of the lugs 26. The springs<br />49 absorb some of the weight of the assembly,<br />and,,in conjunction with the springs 46. permit<br />the resilient mounting of the parts in such fash-<br />ion that forced vibrations, and resulting noise, is<br />minimized. </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" width="229" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The refrigerant pump unit 25 comprises a.cylinder block 55 havinga cylinder, 56 bored therein,<br /> the head end of which is covered by a valve<br />plate 51 and-cylinder head 58. Inasmuch as the<br />details of the ‘valves form no part of.the present<br />invention, and suitable structure is more _fully<br />described in my prior application, a further de-<br />scription of these parts appears unnecessary.<br />The cylinder block 55 is secured to the under side<br />ciprocably mounted in the cylinder 56 by means<br />of an offset or crank portion 62 formed on the<br />lower end of the main shaft 28, and below a<br />crank‘ arm 63 which carries a. counterweight 64.<br />The crank 62 rotatably fits into a diametrical<br />bore 85 of a cylindrical crosshead 56, which is<br />carried for transverse reciprocatory movement in<br />a yoke 61,/integrally connected at right angles to<br />the crank end of the piston 6|, As thus far de-<br />scribed, the driving connection will be recognized<br />as of the Scotch yoke type, but it involves cer-<br />tain important variations from the .conventionaL<br />yoke drive, as will presently be explained.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">In operation, rotation of the motor rotor 34<br />causes reciprocation of the piston 6|. to draw returning refrigerant vapors into the cylinder 56 <br />on the suction stroke, and to discharge com-<br />pressed refrigerant on the compression stroke.<br /><br />The returning vapors<br />line at the top of the casing, flow around ‘the<br />motor to absorb-some of its heat. and enter the<br />cylinder head 58 through a suction tube 12 which<br />extendsupwardly in the casing and above the<br />oil level, therein. The discharged vapors pass<br />through a discharge line 13 which is advanta-<br />geously coiled in the oil bath at the bottom of the<br />casing,’ and which terminates in an outlet line<br />14 passing through the casing wall. _The com-<br />pressor is adapted to be included in the usual<br />compressor - condenser - expander refrigeration<br />system. which needs no description here.<br />Considering furtherthe cylinder and piston and drive assembly, it will be seen, in Fig. 1 and‘ some<br />-of the enlarged views, that the cylinder block 55<br />and the cylinder bore 58, are inclined at a slight<br />angle to the horizontal plane. Similarly, while<br />the motor and bearing portions of the main shaft<br />28 are disposed in a vertical plane, the crank<br />portion 62 is inclined to the vertical plane. The<br />piston‘ BI is, of course, also necessarily inclined<br />to the horizontal plane, a</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispctT1RNmf9k3SxkbNBIkrqw0evdCVjglKhPE02XC3zKAt5uDDU2-Cq6vva3XbnT6iPBsVaO5-rTG7ih0C5z1bWpCpAxeAoHC2z3EE5chyphenhyphen5b3VFBZhupAvpMRwPGehPZCRhm_ni1s4G3-/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PISTON__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispctT1RNmf9k3SxkbNBIkrqw0evdCVjglKhPE02XC3zKAt5uDDU2-Cq6vva3XbnT6iPBsVaO5-rTG7ih0C5z1bWpCpAxeAoHC2z3EE5chyphenhyphen5b3VFBZhupAvpMRwPGehPZCRhm_ni1s4G3-/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PISTON__F12M.jpg" width="255" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">nd it follows that it is<br />not at right angles to the vertical. These in-<br />clinations depart from customary practice, and<br />lead to the improvements with which the pres-<br />ent invention is primarily concerned. It may<br />here be noted that while this angularity may be<br />varied within reasonably wide limits, the draw-<br />ings have here been laid out for deviations from<br />the horizontal and vertical reference lines or<br />planes for a fairly small angle, _between two and<br />three degrees. This is sufficient for a compressor <br />subject to the intended service of the illustrated<br />unit.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEith0U0uvAv6mHAKhL8dEZ7etPtAtgJqjZhTBB5_oxVPPdUpH83CWf3XKYm266jyYidOXoE7rQIVEB_vSLFQJkLdJHaPLa0AG-DwOmgS7DG1SJqSmxnE2J6OzJjWh5x2h5_Cb1bIy0plskA/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-5.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEith0U0uvAv6mHAKhL8dEZ7etPtAtgJqjZhTBB5_oxVPPdUpH83CWf3XKYm266jyYidOXoE7rQIVEB_vSLFQJkLdJHaPLa0AG-DwOmgS7DG1SJqSmxnE2J6OzJjWh5x2h5_Cb1bIy0plskA/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-5.jpg" width="218" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />As will be readily understood by those con-<br />versant with the Sootch yoke linkage, rotation<br />of the drive shaft 28 about its own axis causes<br />an.orbital movement of the ‘crank pin 62, which,<br />in the usualor conventional case,,describes or<br />sweeps out a right cylinder whose axis coincides<br />with the axis of the drive shaft. The crank pin<br />62 rotatably fits in the bore 65 of the crosshead<br />66,’ and the crosshead is guided in the bore of<br />the transverse yoke 61. During one revolution<br />of the drive shaft, the crosshead will therefore<br />move lengthwise of the yoke with a linear recip-<br />rocatory motion, and the crosshead, yoke, and<br />piston will also have a linear reciprocatory mo-<br />tion with respect to the longitudinal axis of the<br />cylinder 56. The successive positions assumed by<br />these parts are shown in Figs. 3 to .6, wherein<br />Fig. 3 represents the end of the suction stroke<br />and the beginning of the compression stroke.<br />Counterclockwise rotation as viewed. in these<br />figures, will be assumed throughout the balance<br />of the description. The piston BI is then begin-<br />ning to move to the left, and the crosshead 56<br />is- moving in an upward direction. -</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In the ensuing ninety degrees of rotation, the<br />displacement o</span><span style="font-size: small;">f the crank pin 62 has moved the<br />crosshead 66 upwardly to the limit of its travel <br />in this direction, and has also moved the piston<br />6| about half way in its stroke into the cylinder<br />56. This.is shown in Fig. 31. In Fig. 5, the end<br />of the compression stroke has been reached, and<br />the displacement of the crankpin has caused the<br />crosshead to recede from the upper end of its<br />travel, and to be again in a central position.<br />Fig. 6 illustrates the positions reached in the next<br />ninety degrees of rotation, when the piston Si, is<br />partially withdrawn, and the crosshead _ has<br />reached the lower limit of its transverse motion.<br />The motion of the crank pin transversely of the<br />yoke 61 is made possible by a slot 18 formed in<br />enter through a suction</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEith0U0uvAv6mHAKhL8dEZ7etPtAtgJqjZhTBB5_oxVPPdUpH83CWf3XKYm266jyYidOXoE7rQIVEB_vSLFQJkLdJHaPLa0AG-DwOmgS7DG1SJqSmxnE2J6OzJjWh5x2h5_Cb1bIy0plskA/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-5.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEith0U0uvAv6mHAKhL8dEZ7etPtAtgJqjZhTBB5_oxVPPdUpH83CWf3XKYm266jyYidOXoE7rQIVEB_vSLFQJkLdJHaPLa0AG-DwOmgS7DG1SJqSmxnE2J6OzJjWh5x2h5_Cb1bIy0plskA/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-5.jpg" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"> <br />the upper portion ofthe yoke, and the length<br />of the pin 62 is such as to terminate adjacent the<br />innermost chord taken through the arcs of inter-<br />section of the. bore 65 and the periphery Of the<br />crosshead 86. <br /> As noted, the piston SI and crank pin 62 are<br />inclined to the normal axes, and therefore the<br />arcuate motion of the crank pin is not such as to<br />describe a cylinder, but rather a cone or frustum<br />of a cone. That is to say, the inclination of the<br />crank pin 62 causes its lower extremity to sweep<br />through a circle of larger diameter than that<br />traced by its upper end. As the crank pin 62 is<br />fitted uniformly in the cylindrical bore 65 of the<br />crosshead 68, it will be apparent that the cross-<br />head will have a rocking or pendulum like mo-<br />tion about the vertical axis as it moves from-one<br />end of the yoke to the other. Similarly, the in-<br />clination and motion of the crank pin will cause<br />the yoke 61, and the connected piston Bl, to have<br />a rocking motion about the vertical axis. In<br />Figs. 3 to 6, wherein the vertical axis is normal<br />to the plane of the paper, the rocking. motion of<br />the piston BI is the same as an arcuate oscillatory<br />motion of the piston about the axis of the cylin-<br />der 56, and it is herein illustrated.by black dots<br />on the piston surface, which show the displace.-<br />ment on either side of the center line. If these<br />successive dot positions were ,connected,_ they<br />would outline a relatively long oval or‘ ellipse. '<br />The effect of the combined linear and arcuate<br />movements of the crosshead in the yoke, and the<br />piston in the cylinder, is to change the alignment<br />which, in association with the bearing surface<br />of the sleeve 21, provides a passageway through<br />which-oil may be delivered to the bearing, and<br />also ‘to the top of the rotor quill 3!. Oil dis-<br />charged from the top of the shaft 28 may drain<br />‘down through the’ rotor. clearance gap into ducts<br />82, 83',‘formed in the casting 24 (see also Fig. 1),<br />for delivery to the -exposed portion of the piston<br />6|." The excess" oil falls by gravity to the oil<br />bath contained in‘ the bottom or crankcase por-<br />tion of the casing.<br />Thelower and crank pin portions of the shaft<br />28 are longitudinally drilled to provide a duct<br />between longitudinal lines of ‘contact between <br />the pairs of arcuate surfaces, thus producing A<br />wiping or lapping action Which otherwise would not be obtained.<br /> This motion is beneficial, as it<br />serves to effect a better distribution of the oil<br />films between the surfaces, and it increases the<br />resistance to the introduction of small dirt particles which would cause scoring. </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEith0U0uvAv6mHAKhL8dEZ7etPtAtgJqjZhTBB5_oxVPPdUpH83CWf3XKYm266jyYidOXoE7rQIVEB_vSLFQJkLdJHaPLa0AG-DwOmgS7DG1SJqSmxnE2J6OzJjWh5x2h5_Cb1bIy0plskA/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-5.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEith0U0uvAv6mHAKhL8dEZ7etPtAtgJqjZhTBB5_oxVPPdUpH83CWf3XKYm266jyYidOXoE7rQIVEB_vSLFQJkLdJHaPLa0AG-DwOmgS7DG1SJqSmxnE2J6OzJjWh5x2h5_Cb1bIy0plskA/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-5.jpg" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">Another important feature of the compound<br />motions of linear reciprocation and arcuate oscillation is that the piston is always in motion in<br />at least one direction, either axially of or trans-<br />verse to the bore of the cylinder 56. As will ap-<br />pear from the motion diagrams, Figs. 3 to 6. the<br />piston is at mid-stroke when the. crosshead 66 is<br />at the end of its stroke, and vice versa. . Stated<br />otherwise, the linear and arcuate motions are<br />out of phase, and, in this particular case, by approximately 180°. <br />Inasmuch as the end of the<br />displacement or stroke of a body having har-<br />monic motion is accompanied by a reversal of di-<br />rection of motion, the body, at the instant of re-<br />versal, has a zero velocity, while maximum veloc-<br />ity occurs as it passes through its central. point<br />of reference. Thus, when the piston 6| reaches<br />the end of its linear movement or stroke, its arcu-<br />ate velocity is at its maximum, and the‘ piston<br />is therefore always in motion. It has heretofore<br />been observed that the reversal of stroke of a<br />conventional piston-in-cylinder compressor has<br />been accompanied by a slight hiss or noise, which<br />was considered to be inherent and irreducible.<br />It has now been discovered that by imparting the<br />described compound and continuous motion to<br />the piston, this source of noise is eliminated.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ4XCewnF_x7z5Wo1SC6rM4oUZZ55r-Ov3AGPex2Oj5CnF9qTmLysAvT13hVonx7qovwqz-eM0QwASjOY3X0hxitpT0TeVlP2gaFfqdKalxmKCUHMXdJullxppBwg2Z-eU9IxdFao13K6i/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-6.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ4XCewnF_x7z5Wo1SC6rM4oUZZ55r-Ov3AGPex2Oj5CnF9qTmLysAvT13hVonx7qovwqz-eM0QwASjOY3X0hxitpT0TeVlP2gaFfqdKalxmKCUHMXdJullxppBwg2Z-eU9IxdFao13K6i/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-6.jpg" width="218" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s200/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />As heretofore noted, the inclination of the pis-<br />ton with respect to the horizontal axis is also<br />are ‘required. Considering particularly Fig. '9 the drive shaft <br />28 is formed on its periphery<br />above the crank arm 63 with a spiral groove <br /> utilized to provide a simple and effective lubricant pump, in which no additional moving parts<br /> which communicates with the groove<br />through a radial port 85. "The crank pin 82 is<br />formed with a radial slot 86 which intersects the<br />duct 84, and the lower‘ end of the duct, below the<br />slot 89, is‘ stopped off with a plug 81 after the<br />shaft has been machined. ‘The crosshead 66 is<br />formed with ‘a; transverse -or vertical groove 88,<br />which maybe machined» in the wall of the bore<br />65 from one end thereof a‘ suflicient distance to<br />overlap the radial slot 86 when the parts are as-<br />sembled, 'The crossheadnfifi ‘is also formed with<br />an ‘angularly ‘inclined, transversely disposed or<br />tangential slot"89,~ disposed on the external sur-</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispctT1RNmf9k3SxkbNBIkrqw0evdCVjglKhPE02XC3zKAt5uDDU2-Cq6vva3XbnT6iPBsVaO5-rTG7ih0C5z1bWpCpAxeAoHC2z3EE5chyphenhyphen5b3VFBZhupAvpMRwPGehPZCRhm_ni1s4G3-/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PISTON__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispctT1RNmf9k3SxkbNBIkrqw0evdCVjglKhPE02XC3zKAt5uDDU2-Cq6vva3XbnT6iPBsVaO5-rTG7ih0C5z1bWpCpAxeAoHC2z3EE5chyphenhyphen5b3VFBZhupAvpMRwPGehPZCRhm_ni1s4G3-/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PISTON__F12M.jpg" width="255" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">face and ‘extending upwardly from the bottom of<br />the bore 65, and in spaced relation to the groove<br />88. ‘An oil groove 90 is also formed circumfer-<br />entially of the crosshead 86, to supply lubricant<br />to the bearing surface against the yoke 81.<br /><br />The yoke. 61 is formed with a port 9|, posi-<br />tioned above the lower trace of the yoke, and<br />which is in open communication with a flattened<br />suction orriser tube 92, welded to the bottom of<br />the yoke, the lower end of which is adapted to<br />dip_into the oil bath. Both the tangential slot<br />89 and the,oil groove 90 are adapted to pass over<br />the port 9| when the compressor is operated.<br /><br />‘It will now be apparent </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">that, as the piston 6|<br />reciprocates, its yoke end moves downwardly with<br />respect to the crank pin 62 on the suction stroke,<br />andupwardly on the compression stroke, due to<br />the inclination of the piston with respect to the<br />. horizontal. Inasmuch as the lower end of the<br />crankpin 62 is adjacent the junction of the bore<br />65 with the wall of the crosshead 66, there is a<br />small well or reservoir 93 constituting, in effect,<br />a cylinder or pump chamber in which the crank<br />pin reciprocates as a piston. Referring again to<br />Figs. ‘3 -to‘ 8, it will be seen that, as the piston<br />6| , reaches the end of its compression stroke<br />(_Fig. 5-) the angularslot 89 in the crosshead 68<br />is; about to register with the port 9| in the yoke<br />61, and thus place the slot 89 in fluid communication with the oil bath. As thehshaft 28 continues,<br />‘to rotate, this communication becomes fully established, as ‘shown in Fig. 6, and the reservoir<br />93 also is in fluid communication with the oil<br />bath, since the slot 89 extends downwardly there-<br />to, as is clearly shown in Fig. 8. The cross-<br />head is moving downwardly over the crank pin<br />62, to increase the volume of the reservoir 93, and<br />the suction effect causes oil to flow into the res-<br />ervoir as long as the fluid passageway is open.<br />During this same time, the trailing edge of the<br />radial slot 86 in the crank pin 62 has moved past<br />the longitudinal duct 88 in the crosshead, thus<br />closing off this passage, and preventing flow of<br />oil therethrough.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ4XCewnF_x7z5Wo1SC6rM4oUZZ55r-Ov3AGPex2Oj5CnF9qTmLysAvT13hVonx7qovwqz-eM0QwASjOY3X0hxitpT0TeVlP2gaFfqdKalxmKCUHMXdJullxppBwg2Z-eU9IxdFao13K6i/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-6.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ4XCewnF_x7z5Wo1SC6rM4oUZZ55r-Ov3AGPex2Oj5CnF9qTmLysAvT13hVonx7qovwqz-eM0QwASjOY3X0hxitpT0TeVlP2gaFfqdKalxmKCUHMXdJullxppBwg2Z-eU9IxdFao13K6i/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-6.jpg" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"> -As the crosshead 66 moves<br />back to its central position the port 9! progres-<br />sively closes,' and is out off by the body of the<br />crosshead as the end of the suction stroke is<br />reached, as shown in‘ Fig. 3. As the compression<br />stroke begins, the leading edge of the_radial slot<br />86 opens the duct 88, and the pressure created<br />by the upward motion of the crosshead 66- with<br />respect to the crank pin 62 forces the oil into<br />the radial slot 86, and thence into" the longitud-<br />inal duct 84. The lubricant is then distributed<br />asheretofore described. <br /><br />It has heretofore been stated that the actual<br />inclination of the piston to the horizontal. and<br />the crank pin to the vertical, may be a small<br />angle of only two or three degrees. Preferably,<br />both piston and crank pin are inclined, and they<br />are inclined equally with respect to their ref-<br />erence axes<br />invention.<br /> For example, further consideration<br />of the Figures will show that, with equal angular-<br />ities, the axes of the crank pin and the piston are.<br />However, this condition need not .<br />be fulfilled within the broader principles of the<br />at right angles to each other when the crank pin <br />has revolved 180° from the position shown in</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">Fig. 1. Thus, the angularities become additive<br />on the suction stroke, and the small angularity of<br />each provides a displacement for the oil pump<br />which would not otherwise be obtained if the<br />crank pin axis were also vertical.<br />the angularity of the piston would be increased<br />to obtain the same displacement<br />be vertical references to vertical and horizontal planes and<br />axes are made for convenience of description, and<br />not to -limit the invention to compressors mount-<br />ed in one specific manner.<br /><br />It will thus be seen that a positive displacement oil pump has been formed from the basic<br />elements of the driving connection itself, that is.<br />the drive shaft, crosshead, and yoke, and in<br />which no additional moving parts are required.<br />In my prior application, a system of porting<br />through the driving elements is also disclosed, but<br />with added Darts to provide a pump cylinder and<br />piston. As with the lubricant pump of myprior<br />invention, the present pump is so organized as to<br />have its suction and pressure strokes coincide<br />substantially with the suction and compression<br />strokes of the refrigerant compressor. <br /><br />The present pump is quite noiseless in opera-<br />tion. and, while the displacements are numer-<br />ically small, they are suflicient to supply adequate<br />quantities of oil to the bearings and other work-<br />ing parts. In fact, the present pump delivers<br />enough oil that a portion of it may be sprayed<br />against the casing walls to aid in cooling. being<br />thrown oil’ centrifugally from the exposed upper<br />end of the groove 8|, while the remaining por-<br />tion drips through the rotor gap to lubricate the<br />piston. The provision of the depending suction<br />or riser tube 92 on the yoke 81 makes it unneces-<br />sary to submerge the yoke and cylinder block in<br />the lubricant.<br /><br />While the invention has been described with<br />respect to a single embodiment thereof, it will<br />be apparent to those skilled in the art that nu-<br />merous modifications and alterations may be<br />made without departure from its principles. It<br />is therefore intended that the invention should<br />be accorded a scope commensurate with that<br />expressed inthe following claims.<br /><br /> 1. A compressor having a crankcase portion<br />and a cylinder block formed with a cylinder bore,<br />a piston reciprocably mounted in the cylinder<br />bore and provided with a transversely disposed<br />yoke at the crankcase end thereof, a crosshead<br />slidably mounted in the yoke and formed with<br />In this case.<br /><br />When a larger </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">inclination of the piston is desired, and noise is.<br />not so much of a factor, the crank pin axis may<br />It will, of course, be understood that<br />a diametrical bore, a drive shaft having a crank<br />pin portion rotatably mounted in the crosshead<br />bore. a bearing for rotatably mounting the drive<br />shaft for rotation about its own axis, said cyl-<br />inder bore and piston_ being angularly inclined<br />with respect to the axis of the drive shaft,.said<br />yoke being positioned with its axis, at right angles<br />to the axis of the piston, whereby upon rotation<br />of the drive shaft the crank pin and crosshead<br />bore havelinear movement relative to each other,<br />an oil duct extending longitudinally of the crank<br />pin to the drive shaft bearing. an oil bath in<br />the crank case portion, and ports formed in the<br />crosshead adapted to be alternately opened and<br />closed in timed relation to the linear movement<br />of ‘the crosshead to alternately subject oil in the<br />oil duct to pressure and to replenish oil dis-<br />charged from the duct fr_om the oil bath.<br /><br />2. A compressor having a reciprocable piston<br />mounted in a fixed cylinder, said compressor<br />having a crank case portion adapted to contain<br />a bath of_ oil, a. drive shaft formed with a crank<br />pin inclined to the axis of the drive shaft, a hear-<br />ing for supporting the drive shaft for rotation<br />about its own axis, a crosshead having a—diamet-<br />rical bore in which the crank pin is rotatably<br /><br />mounted, a yoke surrounding the crosshead and-</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispctT1RNmf9k3SxkbNBIkrqw0evdCVjglKhPE02XC3zKAt5uDDU2-Cq6vva3XbnT6iPBsVaO5-rTG7ih0C5z1bWpCpAxeAoHC2z3EE5chyphenhyphen5b3VFBZhupAvpMRwPGehPZCRhm_ni1s4G3-/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PISTON__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispctT1RNmf9k3SxkbNBIkrqw0evdCVjglKhPE02XC3zKAt5uDDU2-Cq6vva3XbnT6iPBsVaO5-rTG7ih0C5z1bWpCpAxeAoHC2z3EE5chyphenhyphen5b3VFBZhupAvpMRwPGehPZCRhm_ni1s4G3-/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PISTON__F12M.jpg" width="255" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">connected to the piston with the axes of the<br />piston and yoke at right angles to each other,<br />said yoke having an imperforate wall beneath<br />the bore of the crank pin, said piston having its<br />axis inclined to the axis of the drive shaft,<br />whereby upon rotation of the drive shaft the<br />piston will reciprocate linearly in the cylinder<br />and will also oscillate about its own axis and<br />said crosshead will reciprocate linearly in the<br />yoke, oscillate about its own axis, and reciprocate<br />linearly of the crank pin to change the volume<br />of the space between the end </span><span style="font-size: small;">of the crank pin<br />and said imperforate wall of the yoke, porting<br />means formed in the crosshead and adapted,<br />when said space is increasing in volume, to place<br />said space in communication with the oil bath,<br />an oil duct extending longitudinally of the crank<br />pin to said bearing, and additional porting means<br />between the pin and duct to place said duct in<br />communication with said space when it, is de-<br />creasing in volume.<br /><br />3. In a compressor having a</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"> supporting casting<br />and a drive shaft rotatably mounted in a bearing<br />in‘ the cast-ing for rotation about its own axis,<br />a cylinder block formed with a cylinder bore con-<br />nected to the casting, a reciprocable piston in<br />the cylinder bore, said piston and bore having a<br />common axis inclined to the axis/ of the drive<br />shaft, a yoke connected to the crank case end of<br />the piston, the axis of the yoke being disposed at<br />right angles to the axis of the piston and trans-<br />versely of the shaft axis, a cross head formed<br />with a diametrical bore slidably mounted in the<br />yoke, a crank pin on -the drive shaft rotatably<br />mounted in the crosshead bore, the end of the<br />crank pin terminating short of the end of the<br />bore to form a. reservoir between the end of said<br />crank pin. the wall of the bore, and the wall of<br />the yoke, a lubricant duct having one end adapted<br />to be placed in communication with the reser-<br />voir extending longitudinally of the crank pin<br />to the drive shaft bearing, valve means in the<br />crank pin and crosshead for establishing said<br />communication during one phase of rotation and<br />for interruptinlgsaid communication during a<br />successive phase, additional valve means in the<br />crosshead and yoke for interrupting and estab-<br />lishing communication between said reservoir<br />and the exterior of the yoke alternately to the<br />operation of said flrst named valve means, and<br />means exterior of -the yoke to supply oil to said<br />reservoir when said reservoir is in communication with the exterior of the yoke through said<br />additional valve means.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">4. A combined refrigerant compressor and oil<br />pump comprising a cylinder and a piston recip-<br />rocably mounted therein, a drive shaft and a<br />bearing for the drive shaft. and a, Scotch yoke<br />connection between the shaft and piston, said<br />yoke comprising a yoke cylinder disposed at right<br />angles to the piston and connected thereto and<br />a cylindrical crosshead slidably mounted in the<br />yoke, a bore in the crosshead, a crank pin on the<br />drive shaft rotatably mounted in‘ the bore. said<br />piston being inclined to the axis of the shaft,<br />a casing for the piston and shaft adapted to<br />contain a bath of oil, ports formed in the yoke<br />and crosshead adapted to be aligned during one<br />phase of movement of the shaft and piston and <br />upon alignment to admit oil from the casing to<br />the crosshead bore, a duct extending longitudi-<br />nally of the crank pin to the bearing, and other<br />ports formed in the crosshead and crank pin<br />adapted during a successive phase of movement<br />to transfer oil from the bore to said duct and<br />bearing.<br /><br />5; In a refrigerant compressor having a reciprocable piston fitted in a fixed cylinder and a<br />drive shaft rotatably mounted in a fixed bearing,<br />2. scotch yoke connection between the shaft and<br />piston comprising a, cylindrical yoke connected<br />to the crank end of the piston at right angles<br />to the axis thereof and a cylindrical crosshead <br />reciprocably mounted in the yoke, said crosshead<br />being formed with a diametrical bore and said<br />drive shaft being formed with a crank pin rotat-<br />ably mounted in said bore, the axis of the piston<br />being inclined to the axis of the drive shaft. said<br />yoke being formed with an oil admission port<br />disposed within the outermost trace of the cross-<br />head bore, said crosshead being formed with a<br />tangential slot communicating with the bore and<br />adapted upon reciprocation of the crosshead to<br />periodically register with and be displaced from<br />said port, an oil duct formed in the crank pin and<br />extending to the bearing, a radial slot formed<br />in the crank pin communicating with the duct <br />and a groove in the bore adapted to register with <br />the radial slot during that phase of motion of the<br />crank pin and crosshead when the tangential slot<br />is displaced from said port.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">6. In a refrigerant compressor having a recip-<br />rocable piston fitted in a, fixed cylinder and a<br />drive shaft rotatably mounted in a fixed bearing,<br />a Scotch yoke connection between the piston and<br />shaft including a cylindrical yoke connected to<br />the piston at right angles to the axis thereof,<br />a cylindrical crosshead slidably mounted in the<br />yoke and formed with a diametrical bore, a crank pin on the drive shaft rotatably mounted in said<br /><br />Bore. said piston being inclined to the axis of<br />the drive shaft and said crank pin also being<br />inclined to the axis of the drive shaft at an angle<br />substantially equal to the inclination of the piston<br />to said shaft. an oil reservoir formed between<br />the end of the crank pin, crosshead bore, and yoke<br />surface, a crank case for the compressor con-<br />taining a bath of oil, and porting means formed<br />in the crank pin, crosshead, and yoke adapted<br />upon successive phases of rotative movement of<br />the shaft to admit oil from the crank case to the<br />reservoir and to transfer oil from the reservoir to<br />the bearing.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="font-size: small;">7. A hermetic refrigerant compressor compris-<br />ing a casing having a supporting casting therein,<br />a motor mounted on the casting. a bearing<br />formed in the casting and a drive shaft rotatably<br />mounted in the bearing, said drive shaft project-<br />ing beyond the bearing at each end thereof and<br />being formed with an oil groove, a cylinder block<br />mounted on the casting and formed with a, cylin-<br />der bore, a piston reciprocably mounted in the<br />cylinder bore, a cylindrical yoke connected to the<br />crank end of the piston at right angles thereto,<br />said piston and cylinder bore being inclined to<br />the axis of the drive shaft, "a crosshead slidably<br />mounted in the yoke and formed with a dia-<br />metrical bore, a crank pin formed on one end<br />of the drive shaft and extending beyond the<br />bearing and rotatably mounted in the crosshead<br />bore, a. bath of oil in the casing, an oil duct<br />formed in the crank pin and communicating with<br />the oil groove of the drive shaft, ports formed in<br />the yoke and crosshead adapted to register dur-<br />ing one phase of movement of the drive shaft<br />to admit oil from the oil bath to the region<br />between the end of the crank pin, crosshead bore.<br />and yoke, other ports formed in the crank pin<br />and crosshead adapted to place said region in<br />communication with said oil duct during a suc-<br />cessive phase of movement, said oil groove ex-<br />tending the full length of the drive shaft and<br />to the opposite end thereof beyond said bearing,<br />whereby oil forced into said groove may be trans-<br />ferred from said opposite end of the shaft to the<br />motor and the casing walls to absorb heat there-<br />from, and a drain duct in said casting adjacent<br />the crank end of the piston and cylinder block<br />to direct at least a portion of the oil to the piston.<br /><br />(INVENTOR - JENS TOUBORG.)<b><br /></b></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh26Nm8VHYIGkOxcUmhYHbAtAm79U6DXARQZM8e-U5uh-m4uD-od1WvVICT8DajQcfAcaUYAdP3_KnGpK-iEyBGwDKmTXIjlz2j9Rp00euJZ2Qptk3bZGs5tMDuImZSDmtygdzmcyCqbKpF/s1600/IMGH_06000.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh26Nm8VHYIGkOxcUmhYHbAtAm79U6DXARQZM8e-U5uh-m4uD-od1WvVICT8DajQcfAcaUYAdP3_KnGpK-iEyBGwDKmTXIjlz2j9Rp00euJZ2Qptk3bZGs5tMDuImZSDmtygdzmcyCqbKpF/s320/IMGH_06000.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<u><b>L. Sterne & Co Ltd (refrigeration machinery manufacturers: 1882-c1960s: Glasgow, Scotland) </b></u><br />
Louis
Sterne (1835-1924) was born in Philadelphia, USA, but moved to the UK
in 1865. Although he had training and experience in locomotive
engineering, he had also been something of a traveller and an adventurer
before that date. In 1865 he set up business as a consulting engineer
in London and, at the same time, entered into a partnership with a Mr
Townsend, making draw and bearing springs for railway buffers. In 1873
he went into business with one of his competitors, W S Thomson, and
incorporated, in 1874 , Thomson, Sterne & Co Ltd. This company was
registered in England but its manufacturing base was at the Crown Iron
Works, North Woodside Road, Glasgow, Scotland, close to the centre of
engineering and locomotive building in the city at that time. During the
1870s and 1880s, although the company's profits were not large, they
continued to make emery wheels, emery grinding machines and railway
springs.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>In
1879, they started to manufacture Clerk's Patent Gas Engines in
Glasgow, and by 1882 were doing well enough to purchase new premises in
Lancashire, England. In the same year, Thomson retired, and the
controlling interest passed to a James S Beale, who became managing
director. The company now became known as L Sterne & Co Ltd and paid
their first dividend at a modest 5 per cent. Samuel R Beale, son of J S
Beale, became commercial manager in 1905 and, when his father died in
1912, he joined the board as general manager, under the chairmanship of
Louis Sterne. At this time the company were selling, under licence, some
small refrigerator machines to which S R Beale made some improvements.
By 1914, refrigeration was fast becoming a major concern for the
company, which obtained a contract for the Port of London Authority in
1915 and, a few years later, a contract for Clydeside Cold Storage Co
Ltd. They were also involved in ice rinks, including Earls' Court and
Wembley in London. In 1914 they entered the marine refrigeration
business and opened an office in Liverpool.<br />
<br />
In 1918 the
company undertook a process of rationalisation. They transferred their
railway and grinding wheel interests to the Universal Grinding Wheel Co
Ltd, whilst maintaining financial interests in Universal. In 1921, L
Chew, formerly of H J West & Co, became a director of L Sterne &
Co Ltd, who used his engineering expertise to begin the manufacture of
compressors in Glasgow. They continued to flourish, absorbing, the
London based Blackfriars Cold Storage Co Ltd in 1923 and buying, in
1935, the Haslam Foundry & Engineering Co Ltd, which had fallen into
the hands of the bank.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgycNC3s2KU6-zqEZdeV0jgD39diLSuha9CrDAm4XecwLK41wVnhnRU4Lf3dm7Oou2bGTubRKxL9wZkjtvGY20c6Yc8YujA5s5XpMgWBbwdc4xnmflWPtaiRI6Id1Lktw3Dhk_bKcmS3Ks3/s1600/IMGH_06986__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgycNC3s2KU6-zqEZdeV0jgD39diLSuha9CrDAm4XecwLK41wVnhnRU4Lf3dm7Oou2bGTubRKxL9wZkjtvGY20c6Yc8YujA5s5XpMgWBbwdc4xnmflWPtaiRI6Id1Lktw3Dhk_bKcmS3Ks3/s1600/IMGH_06986__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a>Management changes during these
years saw Sir John F Beale, brother of S R Beale, take over as chairman
when Louis Sterne died in 1924. Sir John Beale died himself in 1935 and
he was succeeded as chairman by S R Beale. However, Samuel Beale moved
south to England at this date to take his brother's place as chairman of
Guest, Keen & Nettlefolds Ltd so that his own role became largely
non-executive. Meanwhile, S R Beale's nephew, Peter Brown discovered a
small automatic type of refrigerator, developed by a company called
Universal Cooler Co, in Ontario. L Sterne & Co Ltd acquired the
patent rights and started to market this product in the UK as the
"Sternette" for domestic and household use. Samuel Beale retired in 1960
and was succeeded as chairman by his nephew, Peter Brown. The company
went into liquidation in the 1960s.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><b>T</b><b>ecumseh products Company HISTORY:</b><br />
<br />
It
was Incorporated in 1930 as Hillsdale Machine & Tool Company, All
Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Air-Conditioning and Warm Air
Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment
Manufacturing; Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; Speed Changer,
Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing; Pump and Pumping
Equipment Manufacturing; Motor and Generator Manufacturing; Gasoline
Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing, Named for the legendary Shawnee
chief, Tecumseh Products makes a line of hermetically sealed compressors
and heat pumps for residential and commercial refrigerators and
freezers, water coolers, air conditioners, dehumidifiers, and vending
machines. The company's line of scroll compressor models are suited for
demanding commercial refrigeration applications and consist primarily of
reciprocating and rotary designs. Tecumseh sells its products to OEMs
and aftermarket distributors in more than 100 countries worldwide, with
80% of its sales generated outside of the US. It markets its products
under brand names that include Celseon, L'Unité Hermétique, Masterflux,
Silensys, and Vector. <br />
<br />
Tecumseh Products Company manufactures compressors for refrigeration and
air conditioning equipment, gasoline engines and automobile
transmissions, and pumps and pumping equipment for industrial,
commercial, and agricultural use. The second largest domestic
manufacturer of engines for small tractors, snow blowers, and lawn
mowers, the company is best known for its compressors, machines that
compress refrigerants in air conditioners and refrigerators. The town of
Tecumseh, Michigan, in which the company is headquartered, has since
become known as the "Refrigeration Capital of the World."<br />
<br />
An early 1990s public offering brought in new capital while allowing the
founding Herrick family to retain control. The company has since moved
to establish manufacturing hubs in Brazil and India while cutting back
on U.S. production. Tecumseh has acquired some suppliers and is
attempting to make its brand more visible to consumers and contractors.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh Products was founded by Ray W. Herrick, a master toolmaker who
came to prominence in the 1920s in Michigan's growing auto industry.
Herrick's reputation as a knowledgeable and highly skilled toolmaker led
to his rapid advancement in the industry. He was given supervisory
positions and became a friend and adviser to influential inventors and
industrialists such as Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone, and Thomas Edison.
In 1928 Herrick was asked to help turn around the struggling Alamo
Engine Company in the southeastern Michigan town of Hillsdale, where he
served until 1933 as factory manager and eventually as director of sales
and production. The company continued to decline, however, and during
this time Herrick and a local toolmaker named C.F. (Bill) Sage decided
to launch a business of their own, incorporating as Hillsdale Machine
& Tool Company in 1930.<br />
<br />
The Hillsdale company manufactured high-quality automobile and electric
refrigerator parts, as well as small tools and mechanical novelties.
Also handling orders that Alamo could not fill, the Hillsdale company
went from grossing $26,000 in sales during its first year of operation
to $284,000 by 1933. Initially, two-thirds of the company's stock was
owned by Sage and his wife, while Herrick owned the remaining third. By
1933, however, Herrick bought out most of their interest and gained
control of the company.<br />
<br />
Competition in the manufactured parts industry was fierce in 1933, and
Hillsdale soon sought larger production facilities. When Alamo went into
receivership that year, Herrick leased its plant for one year, hoping
to purchase it at the end of the term. The rent paid to Alamo's
receivers, however, cut into the Hillsd<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>ale
company's profits. Furthermore, the Hillsdale company had been founded
during the height of the Great Depression, and these early years were
characterized by escalating debt and inadequate cash flow. By 1934,
Herrick's company was close to bankruptcy.<br />
<br />
That year, however, as a result of a concerted effort by Herrick, the
Ford Motor Company, private investors, and the city of Tecumseh--located
about 60 miles southwest of Detroit--Hillsdale Tool & Machine
Company managed to raise a little more than $12,000, with which it
acquired a 30,000-square-foot abandoned facility in Tecumseh. Changing
the company's name to Tecumseh Products, Herrick had the building
renovated, borrowed the necessary machinery, and soon began the mass
production of automotive and refrigerator parts. The following year the
company gained much needed cash flow leverage when Henry Ford helped
Herrick secure a line of credit with a Detroit bank.<br />
<br />
In 1936 Tecumseh Products began to focus on manufacturing the product on
which its reputation would be built: the hermetically sealed
refrigeration compressor. Five years earlier, Herrick had been
approached by Frank Smith, an engineer interested in selling Herrick his
compressor designs. At that time, Herrick had employed Smith as a
machinist, agreeing to consider the prototypes that Smith was
developing. Over the next few years, engineers Curtis Brown and Jens
Touborg joined Smith, and the three eventually formed an engineering
business known as Tresco. Tresco worked closely with Tecumseh Products,
providing Herrick with designs for inexpensive and reliable
refrigeration compressors that rivaled those of the major manufacturers.
By the end of the 1930s, Tecumseh Products was producing more than
100,000 of these compressors a year.<br />
<br />
At the onset of World War II, Herrick shifted the focus of Tecumseh
Products to the manufacture of defense materials. The company continued
to produce compressors, which had applications in military equipment,
while also turning out anti-aircraft projectile casings and precision
parts for aircraft engines. By 1942, Tecumseh was mainly producing
40-millimeter shell casings, which it supplied to the U.S. Navy. In
April of that year the company received the Navy E award for excellence
for its contributions to the war effort; it received several similar
awards before the war ended.<br />
<br />
In 1945 Herrick's son, Kenneth G. Herrick, returned from the war and
went to work for Tecumseh Products as the company resumed its focus on
the production of compressors. During this time, competition in the
industry intensified, with postwar demand for electric appliances,
especially refrigerators, rising dramatically. Becoming known for the
high quality of its compressors, as well as for their timely delivery,
Tecumseh Products soon emerged as an industry leader. In 1947 a Tecumseh
Products compressor was featured in the first window unit air
conditioner for the home. By 1950, Tecumseh's sales reached $72 million,
and the company was producing more than two million compressors a year.<br />
<br />
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s Tecumseh Products sought to expand. First
it increased its production capacity with the 1950 and 1952 purchases
of Universal Cooler Corp. in Marion, Ohio, and the Acklin Stamping
Company of Toledo, respectively. Also involved in finding new uses for
its products, the company marketed an air conditioning compressor for
automobiles in 1953. The following year, Tecumseh's sales reached $124
million, and in 1955 Herrick is reported to have paid nearly $5 million
to purchase Tresco, the engineering business founded by Smith, Brown,
and Touborg. At this time, Herrick brought Joseph E. Layton in from
International Harvester to serve Tecumseh Products as president and
chief executive officer. Herrick remained the company's chairperson.<br />
<br />
Purchasing two Wisconsin companies in 1956 and 1957--the Lauson Engine
Company of New Holstein and Power Products of Grafton--Tecumseh Products
claimed two new divisions designated for the production of gasoline
engines. These two acquisitions were provided with new, modern equipment
and tools in order to begin production of compact, lightweight engines
suitable for use in lawn and garden machinery. Also during this time the
company began to establish licensees abroad, planning to one day market
its products worldwide.<br />
<br />
I<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>n
1960 Tecumseh Products of Canada, Ltd. was formed as a sales
distribution center for compressors manufactured in the United States.
This facility was later expanded into a production facility to handle
demand for compressors in Canada. Over the next decade the company
acquired the Diecast Division of Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, and the
Peerless Gear & Machine Company, which it designated as a separate
division and provided with a new plant to manufacture transaxles,
transmissions, and differentials for lawn and garden equipment.
Furthermore, the company set up research and development laboratories at
Purdue University and in Ann Arbor, Michigan, to support its divisions,
employing scientists in the fields of chemistry and metallurgy, as well
as mechanical and electrical engineers.<br />
<br />
In 1964 Layton died unexpectedly, and William Hazelwood, a divisional
vice-president, was named president of Tecumseh Products. Hazelwood
remained in this position until 1966 when the 76-year-old Herrick gave
up the chairmanship and, retaining a position for himself as
vice-chairman, named his son Kenneth as president. Four years later
Kenneth Herrick's son Todd came to work for Tecumseh Products. Kenneth
ascended to chairman and CEO, and William MacBeth was named president.
By this time the company had manufactured more than 100 million
compressors and 25 million small engines.<br />
<br />
In 1973 Ray Herrick died. Under Kenneth Herrick, Tecumseh Products built
compressor and engine plants in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi,
while continuing to add to its product line. For example, the company
acquired M.P. Pumps, Inc., of Detroit, which produced pumps used in
agricultural, industrial, and marine environments. Submersible pumps,
used as sump pumps and in large cooling systems, were introduced in
1980, with the company's purchase of the Little Giant Pump Company in
Oklahoma.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh Products sought to become an international company in the 1980s, and, over the next ten years, foreig<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>n
sales, both from exports and through European acquisitions, rose to 15
percent of the company's total sales revenues. In 1981 Tecumseh Products
entered into a joint venture with the Italian Fiat Settori Componenti,
which resulted in the formation of Tecnamotor S.p.A., a manufacturer and
marketer of engines for outdoor power equipment. The following year
Tecumseh Products increased its holdings in the Sociade Intercontinental
de Compressores Hermeticos SICOM, S.A. SICOM was based in Sao Paulo,
Brazil, and served world markets through its manufacture of compressors.
Tecumseh Products was further able to form a strong European interest
through a 1985 joint venture with L'Unite Hermetique S.A. in Paris, a
compressor manufacturer and exporter that Tecumseh Products eventually
acquired as a subsidiary. The company's expansion into the international
market had mixed results. It gained market share and enjoyed financial
success, particularly in the engine sales of Tecnamotor, of which it
acquired 100 percent ownership in 1989. This new subsidiary went on to
become the largest engine manufacturer of its kind in Europe.
Nevertheless, the company experienced a sharp decline in earnings during
the late 1980s, which it attributed to the undervalued American dollar
and delays in new product development.<br />
<br />
In the United States, foreign competition in the production of
refrigeration components intensified during the late 1980s and early
1990s. Tecumseh Products, though, continued to experience growth. In
1987 the company introduced a new line of air conditioning compressors
for residential use, designed to be both quieter and more energy
efficient in compliance with the federal government's National Appliance
Energy Conservation Act. In 1989 air conditioning compressors were
bolstered by a nationwide heat wave, and the company's net income rose
to $82 million, up from $70 million the year before.<br />
<br />
The company's interest in some foreign markets, however, suffered due to
political instabilities during this time, particularly in China, where
compressor sales fell almost to zero during the Tiananmen Square riots,
as well as in the Middle East, where export sales were threatened by the
Persian Gulf War. In 1992 Tecumseh was given an E Star award by the
U.S. Department of Commerce for its commitment to international markets
during these difficult times.<br />
<br />
As Tecumseh Products entered the 1990s, it featured a broad range of
products in several divisions. Refrigeration products, which accounted
for more than half of its total sales, included compressors sold to the
manufacturers of home cooling systems and appliances, water coolers,
vending machines, and refrigerated display cases. Engine products mainly
featured aluminum diecast engines of 2 to 12 horsepower used in
machinery for both home lawn maintenance and farming. Power train
products included transmissions, transaxles, and differentials produced
for lawn and garden equipment as well as for recreational vehicles. The
pump products division featured a variety of pumps made from cast iron,
aluminum, stainless steel, or brass, capable of pumping up to 300
gallons per minute, while the company's submersible pumps division
produced pumps for use in clothes washers and carpet cleaners as well as
kidney dialysis machines.<br />
<br />
In 1992 the company faced a new series of federal regulations designed
to protect the environment by imposing restrictions on compressor and
engine emissions and banning altogether chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
which were widely used in refrigeration. As the ban on CFCs neared
implementation in the mid-1990s, Tecumseh Products began converting its
compressors to operate on alternative refrigerants, which, the company
asserted, were available but costly. Furthermore, in joint efforts with
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Tecumseh Products researched
possible improvements to the engine manufacturing process that would
lead to less harmful emissions, and also developed new techniques for
treating and disposing of contaminated sediments resulting from
dangerous industrial wastes being dumped into rivers.<br />
<br />
Financially, in <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>March
1992 the stockholders of Tecumseh Products approved a proposal to
reclassify its existing shares as voting Class B stock, while creating a
new class of nonvoting Class A common stock. The stockholders were
issued one share of the Class A stock for each share they already owned.
At the time, Edward Wyatt observed in Barron's that "because 45% of the
equity currently outstanding is owned by members of the founding
Herrick family, the stock plan will allow them to retain their voting
rights while effectively splitting the stock 2-for-1." He also observed
that the new plan would probably induce analysts to follow the fortunes
of Tecumseh Products more closely.<br />
<br />
By this time the founding Herrick family had had four generations
involved in Tecumseh's management. In 1994, CEO Todd Herrick told
Financial World the credo of his grandfather that still guided the
company: "We believe in God, we mind our business and we work like
hell."<br />
<br />
In the mid-1990s, Tecumseh had revenues of about $2 billion and 15,000
employees. The company was developing its versions of the new,
energy-efficient scroll compressors that were beginning to replace
traditional reciprocating compressors in the air conditioning industry.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh opened a new plant in Georgia in 1995 and a 200,000-square-foot
factory in Corinth, Mississippi, in 1997. The latter's initial product
was an electric motor for air conditioner compressors that had
previously been sourced in Singapore.<br />
<br />
The company also was expanding abroad, entering a joint venture with the
Shriram Group to set up a plant in Hyderabad, India. It later bought
out its partner there and acquired a refrigerator compressor factory
near New Delhi from Whirlpool of India.<br />
<br />
The company began promoting its brand directly to consumers. It aired
ads urging them to look for its motors when they bought snow throwers, a
market in which Tecumseh held a lead over rival Briggs & Stratton
Corp., which led the lawn mower market.<br />
<br />
Sales were $1.65 billion in 2000. The company's three business segments
were each profitable. Strong Brazilian operations saved the Compressor
Business, while operations in India were affected by start-up costs and
work stoppages. The Engine & Power Train Business had slowed after a
Y2K-inspired run on generators the previous year. The smallest unit,
the Pump Business, was growing on the popularity of water gardening and
industrial sales. During the year, the company entered the residential
wastewater collection, transfer, and disposal market through the
purchase of the assets of Interon Corporation.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh cut 900 jo<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>bs
in a 2000 restructuring that closed a plant in Somerset, Kentucky.
Another 600 were being cut at an Indian factory. The company was
expanding its operations in Mississippi, however.<br />
<br />
According to one report, Tecumseh controlled 20 percent of the world
market for small engines. It was growing its business in Europe, where
it was dominant, with a 25 percent market share. Europe made up nearly
40 percent of the world market and was expected to grow due to the
opening of Eastern Europe. Tecumseh acquired its Czech carburetor
supplier, Motoco, from Motor Jikov in May 2001. Tecumseh had other
European operations, including joint ventures and a subsidiary in
France.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh's subsidiary in India, Tecumseh Products India Ltd. (TPIL), was
starting to export to South Africa and West Asia. The Indian market
itself was ripe for development, with relatively few owning
refrigerators or air conditioners. Tecumseh's plants in India produced
compressor components as well as completed units.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh acquired a supplier of <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>manufacturing
software, Manufacturing Data Systems, Inc. (MDSI), in 2002. The next
year, it bought FASCO Motors, Invensys PLC's electric motor operations,
for $415 million. FASCO formed the basis of a new business segment,
Electrical Components.<br />
<br />
Company officials told Contracting Business that although Tecumseh had
enjoyed a relatively low profile in the past, it was becoming more
retail-oriented. It leveraged its expertise in compressors to products
such as drinking water systems and cooling towers through its "Cool
Products" line. Tecumseh's products were distributed through 130
distribution centers and 1,700 outlets in the United States. Tecumseh
was phasing out its U.S. manufacturing due to price pressure from
customers. The company managed net income of $10 million on sales of
$1.9 billion in 2004.<br />
<br />
Principal Subsidiaries<br />
<br />
Evergy, Inc.; FASCO Australia Pty. Ltd.; FASCO Industries, Inc.; FASCO
Motors, Ltd. (Thailand); Little Giant Pump Company; Masterflux;
Manufacturing Data Systems, Inc.; Motoco a.s. (Czech Republic); M.P.
Pumps, Inc.; Tecumotor/Evergy; Tecumseh do Brasil, Ltda.; Tecumseh
Compressor Company; Tecumseh Europa, S.p.A. (Italy); Tecumseh France
S.A.; Tecumseh Power Company; Tecumseh Products Company of Canada, Ltd.;
Tecumseh Products India Ltd.; TMT Motoco, Ltd. (Brazil).<br />
<br />
Principal Divisions<br />
<br />
Compressors; Engines & Power Trains; Pumps; Electrical Components.<br />
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></div>
FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-23871167100237400212012-11-21T13:00:00.000-08:002018-10-09T09:20:18.568-07:00INDESIT (SPIREA) MOD. 028.A8.I. YEAR 1980.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQxMP3jof7lvYC42Xpud3U64kkSQ-vr8vu9Z7v-6f9eT6yGBi78FHdqYwvsRxchXBl87JwoPozMRQZcfLjGgoGoDEKPlkpo6_Zmh4nZmhkqqBc-svlVIk_cLi-HMnDKSBz5qtQQN2nbPPe/s1600/IMGH_06733__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQxMP3jof7lvYC42Xpud3U64kkSQ-vr8vu9Z7v-6f9eT6yGBi78FHdqYwvsRxchXBl87JwoPozMRQZcfLjGgoGoDEKPlkpo6_Zmh4nZmhkqqBc-svlVIk_cLi-HMnDKSBz5qtQQN2nbPPe/s1600/IMGH_06733__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-3L-qnyHS9YGFq__2Bv0UK1oOUTdItcC6lXmA0Goii9GnECXIDIAXwR7G05Eq7Koc2FQ0QC_y-NIUOltvrO1EYKLS4vBUBQghK6niW7dtIEJkK8yzplR7PjvMSR9bjKhRWpguts4RYC4R/s1600/IMGH_06734__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-3L-qnyHS9YGFq__2Bv0UK1oOUTdItcC6lXmA0Goii9GnECXIDIAXwR7G05Eq7Koc2FQ0QC_y-NIUOltvrO1EYKLS4vBUBQghK6niW7dtIEJkK8yzplR7PjvMSR9bjKhRWpguts4RYC4R/s1600/IMGH_06734__F12M.jpg" width="238" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFCA0K6KlkqynYp6kEU7QUECTzUmhOiLzDWIxL95iithT4xUd3Dj8UPkK53gCb5WQ4wVSS3z4uEgPn1ZoNPmcomC3Dfn4y0uB7xWi9rgeK1gDYjg8RmwccaHJMNVn1a672hIde1nCKl2aB/s1600/IMGH_06735__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFCA0K6KlkqynYp6kEU7QUECTzUmhOiLzDWIxL95iithT4xUd3Dj8UPkK53gCb5WQ4wVSS3z4uEgPn1ZoNPmcomC3Dfn4y0uB7xWi9rgeK1gDYjg8RmwccaHJMNVn1a672hIde1nCKl2aB/s1600/IMGH_06735__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqdIve8mUfGfrBtl6kfOs7iNZdZ_dXhrWHcTbTb-12NgAb0ruj84tVhiwRS2O-2YxhM20Sm_xfJCrgwyhrU-eKqznTJ7jMld_MT65WYAA_vpRkCayVrBcijffSXLVaqGIJEZsnKppxmf1k/s1600/IMGH_06736__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqdIve8mUfGfrBtl6kfOs7iNZdZ_dXhrWHcTbTb-12NgAb0ruj84tVhiwRS2O-2YxhM20Sm_xfJCrgwyhrU-eKqznTJ7jMld_MT65WYAA_vpRkCayVrBcijffSXLVaqGIJEZsnKppxmf1k/s1600/IMGH_06736__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje5lb71uYvBGvOkPKFAJ0WrmYxVGB_wQ-_3_m1x27RKbtlkC7ILNWgh14tMqQEqzuyD_EUhk7L9vznArOkNHMBli4x2ByAzmsfP-T5dOuZQSzE_DW1qvKf5RUnwMUc_fpsSvJiSwxBd3Ux/s1600/IMGH_06737__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje5lb71uYvBGvOkPKFAJ0WrmYxVGB_wQ-_3_m1x27RKbtlkC7ILNWgh14tMqQEqzuyD_EUhk7L9vznArOkNHMBli4x2ByAzmsfP-T5dOuZQSzE_DW1qvKf5RUnwMUc_fpsSvJiSwxBd3Ux/s1600/IMGH_06737__F12M.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5-h2oPTh1qmBu7OjcEdjq0MAv5GVqfgFkVxcinw79XXrTQkwpzGOe4N4cMHMwe8IjmrAOf-RYXFE1etckz-2tgMHGQ3UfF8Z8FezDT3-LxeeAiFSv0bCjWmHgAz3KF4xuh7EMccCkjUWs/s1600/IMGH_06738__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5-h2oPTh1qmBu7OjcEdjq0MAv5GVqfgFkVxcinw79XXrTQkwpzGOe4N4cMHMwe8IjmrAOf-RYXFE1etckz-2tgMHGQ3UfF8Z8FezDT3-LxeeAiFSv0bCjWmHgAz3KF4xuh7EMccCkjUWs/s1600/IMGH_06738__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqSF1mqBuCO2i5qFmuohjglloRqSu4GZcxIw3kCvi5IK5Bo4rYFJ0hZ0UlvNrZpmNdMssyPJSwyyHKX6vH931_56GN1tTcv_GSwp7hFqw0sxo5i29ZoQGQ9H0SgdSwlWB8dEHUA06MKKLs/s1600/IMGH_06739__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqSF1mqBuCO2i5qFmuohjglloRqSu4GZcxIw3kCvi5IK5Bo4rYFJ0hZ0UlvNrZpmNdMssyPJSwyyHKX6vH931_56GN1tTcv_GSwp7hFqw0sxo5i29ZoQGQ9H0SgdSwlWB8dEHUA06MKKLs/s1600/IMGH_06739__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span id="goog_1122215950"></span><span id="goog_1122215951"></span><br />
The INDESIT MOD. 028.A8.I. is the winner of the championship of freezing speed.<br />
<br />
The Freezer is cooled down completely in 15 mins and the refrigerator is ready in 25 mins.<br />
<br />
The capacity is 275 dm3.<br />
<br />
Ofcourse it's throwed away in the perfect shape seen in pictures, in fully working order, ofcourse all parts are original and it's super silent.<br />
<br />
These Italian old refrigerators were awesome and were sold at very fair price on appliances market, INDESIT appliances were known for that, but not for this they are bad...........indeed time is showing bright evidence, the condition is shown in pictures.<br />
<br />
Compressor I think is an INDESIT made and no further info.<br />
<br />
This is an original RIVALTA (TURIN) (Italy) INDESIT made and is a solid (very heavy) unit which is highly superior than any modern cellular phone look refrigerator toy with fancy lights and games (I'm waiting until these modern toys sold todays will have featured a web connection which seems the last thing they should have to make more happy people after their ungrateful shithead).<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Many contemporary appliances would not have this level of staying
power, many would ware out or require major services within just five
years or less and of course, there is that perennial bug bear of
planned obsolescence where components our deliberately designed to
fail or manufactured with limited edition specificities..............................</span></blockquote>
<br />
FREON12 FOREVER.......................<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>EDIT: I've tested the INDESIT MOD. 028.A8.I. for a week </i></span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>(Running time 10 min / stop-pause time over almost 2h).</i></span></span></blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>And it's ways more efficient than any modern fridge toy todays sold. ............</i></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>........ And has a nice freon flowing noises in the coils during startup, when running at average level and after stopped for a pause.............even the compressor has a distinct SILENT uncommon noise.</i></span></span></blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">INDESIT </span>(SPIREA) was originary from Orbassano Near TORINO In Italy and indeed the Product here shown comes from there.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje7bBY_yX9-f4_TvsLZI9sD8SNJH7CypRhbrzeJO6e6ri56kZL3SDbjRL7aXC8nYvOPtr1uOfgb-vrvlr3OVNFGsf8BRzBNiAqpN783Y4bgO5f7qeGZVtz0QQu7guOQXbFLT6JiS0Jydc/s1600/marchio-indesit-02__WMM.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje7bBY_yX9-f4_TvsLZI9sD8SNJH7CypRhbrzeJO6e6ri56kZL3SDbjRL7aXC8nYvOPtr1uOfgb-vrvlr3OVNFGsf8BRzBNiAqpN783Y4bgO5f7qeGZVtz0QQu7guOQXbFLT6JiS0Jydc/s200/marchio-indesit-02__WMM.jpg" width="163" /></a>It was a very big industry conglomerate present in all European lands even In Norvay.<br />
<br />
IT
was fabricating domestic appliances like <a href="http://washingmachinesmuseum.blogspot.com/2013/08/indesit-mod-k5-year-1963.html">Washing machines (INDESIT K5)</a> and dish washers and even fridges (almost lasting forever).<br />
<br />
In the 70's they started producing tellyes and radios for cheap market but good products.<br />
<br />
As example of the television sets produced by INDESIT <a href="http://obsoletetellyemuseum.blogspot.com/2012/08/indesit-mod-12li-year-1973.html">here an example of portable B/W tv set.</a><br />
and here an example of<a href="http://obsoletetellyemuseum.blogspot.com/2012/03/indesit-type-tc26si-year-1978.html"> INDESIT Color tv set.</a><br />
<br />
And not last an <a href="http://obsoletetellyemuseum.blogspot.com/2011/10/indesit-type-24ei-year-1973.html">INDESIT B/W tv set with tubes </a>chassis.<br />
<br />
<br />INDESIT
has a very heavy controversed history which is made of high loss of
work places for people, financial disasters, loss of market, closing of
production location and finally a complete destruction of one of the
bigger Italian industry on European level.<br />
<br />
It was
then brand name aquired by Merloni Elettrodomestici known as Ariston the
reconverted to Indesit company......................<br />
<br />
INDESIT INDU<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOrF-zJO_e9At-Xusw_vDAwKNuZqA3PWIzn3uqqs7BxlwJJ2MG0STHNsbCQbtw75FxLeB9E1YG89-sDHFpSM_Zw45vkBC1Tmgzt7CCUwilQlhWvaD8bsTYkK3DtxcTuR-w7kuWXy2A72s/s1600/indesit1980.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOrF-zJO_e9At-Xusw_vDAwKNuZqA3PWIzn3uqqs7BxlwJJ2MG0STHNsbCQbtw75FxLeB9E1YG89-sDHFpSM_Zw45vkBC1Tmgzt7CCUwilQlhWvaD8bsTYkK3DtxcTuR-w7kuWXy2A72s/s1600/indesit1980.jpg" width="320" /></a>STRY
(Photography showing original INDESIT factory near Turin in 1980 with
52000 Square meters) was founded in 1953 in Turin with the denomination
of <i><b>Spirea</b></i>, by three members: <u>Armando Campioni, Adelchi Candellero and
Filippo Gatta</u>. <br />
The society moved some years later to Rivalta of Turin, and another
three times it changed denomination up to 1961 (SPIREA - INDEL - INDES - INDESIT),
when it assumed the definitive social reason and the mark Indesit was
born. (<b>IND</b>ustria <b>E</b>lettrodomestici <b>S</b>pirea <b>IT</b>alia)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZHDnwne7B_aPfqLELtX387Nh6rZdzbLHEzaneO4E_G7HbN__sTh_lOtOB19oK8LiCwaJNuSVaRtSoejVOPYg440-AvrqNDrTzl-QEDVlc-x0k6AFhCkmAtr6JKqTDeTsLzn5G3LRTd1U/s1600/marchio-indesit-01__WMM.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZHDnwne7B_aPfqLELtX387Nh6rZdzbLHEzaneO4E_G7HbN__sTh_lOtOB19oK8LiCwaJNuSVaRtSoejVOPYg440-AvrqNDrTzl-QEDVlc-x0k6AFhCkmAtr6JKqTDeTsLzn5G3LRTd1U/s200/marchio-indesit-01__WMM.jpg" width="163" /></a>The
three founders belonged to that race of pioneers who in the second
post-war Piemonte region of Italy showed that they are not particularly
influenced by the excessive power of Fiat and the monoculture of the
Cars (still actual). They choosed to set up a factory to produce
household appliances !<br />
<br />
They have understood that they
can do like Americans with lower costs and better on the plane of style
because they work with designers and advertisers (In Turin there was
that genius of Armando Testa) that in that decade begin to collaborate
closely with the industry.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMe2LDnDPLMFTbPVRGxx61yhyphenhyphenIxEWhqc4jws1otI5b_ScaLBfsONEAJ488btgx1D7pM-fDW96Gyr6NihfLP9IDFtRDjb16S9fP7fr_yakyCeLzEbI6PS0X2yHSfsNB1vnQmR-fj9oo8dM/s1600/marchio-indesit-08__WMM.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMe2LDnDPLMFTbPVRGxx61yhyphenhyphenIxEWhqc4jws1otI5b_ScaLBfsONEAJ488btgx1D7pM-fDW96Gyr6NihfLP9IDFtRDjb16S9fP7fr_yakyCeLzEbI6PS0X2yHSfsNB1vnQmR-fj9oo8dM/s200/marchio-indesit-08__WMM.jpg" width="163" /></a> Giving
life precisely to that phenomenon that will be made in Italy. The
intuition is rewarded and the products of Indesit do not struggle to
find a market first in Italy and then also ABROAD. The growth of the
company, in the Roaring sixties, is constant, also because its products
in just over a decade are no longer prohibitive for an ever increasing
number of Italian Families.<br />
<br />
Indesit was producing
"white" household electrical appliances like
washing machines, refrigerators, freezers, dishwasher and kitchens,
television sets and shops fiscal recorders and portable radios. Despite
their economical market sector they were very well made in fair
semplicity and combined very long lasting simple construction.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjYr7arejlJYUUJLgUDT-FKfT1dYyMALIvh4swUHDwCgPKZcnz3Ryo7d4CPKvryEsxp8mp9DgFmNPQ4Q5yYA4w0MnXAZHCIj60di_u66Vfs10Al2WrhjNt2mG83oiwwUEBKz55mUQ6UVo/s1600/marchio-indesit-03__WMM.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjYr7arejlJYUUJLgUDT-FKfT1dYyMALIvh4swUHDwCgPKZcnz3Ryo7d4CPKvryEsxp8mp9DgFmNPQ4Q5yYA4w0MnXAZHCIj60di_u66Vfs10Al2WrhjNt2mG83oiwwUEBKz55mUQ6UVo/s200/marchio-indesit-03__WMM.jpg" width="163" /></a></div>
All
mechanical parts and general components of the household appliances
were made by INDESIT Itself (even fridge compressors) with few
exceptions as example electronic components were aquired from known
fabricants but development , design and product fabrication/production
was all Indesit made on his own. <br />
<br />
The company knew a swift productive and commercial development in the
period of the economic boom, becoming the third one of the sector at
national level .<br />
<br />
It conquered wide shares are in the
national market which foreign countries of the household electrical
appliances even in UK, and Germany were they have commercialized under
the Quelle brand (Indesit fridge rebranded Quelle.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In the sixties and seventy, Indesit was counting quite eight rich productive
installations, of which five to the North ( between Rivalta, and
Orbassano, ) and two in the South (Teverola and Carinaro (Council of
Europe)), where they were used about 12.000 workers.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDSRXvoRkrnYaQsztpHq_dRtltBmbMJ9XuIBoGHRa4EkoB3yC_22dckeLlkEQX8wIjyxBgk75Z1rmVNDSUHYMs5RlmwK6-CYNisWlqZFCNzC-Z9Ca7agADPg6Ye31DHikocfzb5sg7jc0/s1600/marchio-indesit-10__WMM.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDSRXvoRkrnYaQsztpHq_dRtltBmbMJ9XuIBoGHRa4EkoB3yC_22dckeLlkEQX8wIjyxBgk75Z1rmVNDSUHYMs5RlmwK6-CYNisWlqZFCNzC-Z9Ca7agADPg6Ye31DHikocfzb5sg7jc0/s320/marchio-indesit-10__WMM.jpg" width="260" /></a>In
those years, in the time era of the "fashion" of the refrigerator as
the status of the modern family, the company expands its facilities, and
despite a first crisis of 1962, the production volumes are flying
exceeding two million and 500 thousand pieces annually and the workers
Employees become 12000. At the beginning of the seventies, Indesit has
seven factories in the North (freezers, refrigerators, washing machines,
televisions), not counting the induced, and we start to build plants in
the south in the province of Caserta.<br />
<br />
In the same period to the Indesit there was tried a system of
televisional broadcasting to colours named ISA, whom the Torinese
company proposed in 1972 to the RAI, but whom it was not accepted by the
Italian Government (guess why), because not conformable to other European
systems!!! .<br />
<br />
Starting from 1973 Indesit have had a new
Crisis. Competition from Eastern technology is pressing, small
businesses begin to be absorbed by monopolistic preordained organized
Giants.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPO2fPdLP0s9izVFm0PvyUAQcm2AuNX6QnnZE_F7RhSKKFvSK-Kiq60tyvKfsnhGqFdvpg2cVdlt1nBRlw7eN2tocI9COfh2j08c_C23PbqOHz7uhVpjLyRM_uBuCTvAV2xHeBDvBtFHA/s1600/marchio-indesit-06__WMM.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPO2fPdLP0s9izVFm0PvyUAQcm2AuNX6QnnZE_F7RhSKKFvSK-Kiq60tyvKfsnhGqFdvpg2cVdlt1nBRlw7eN2tocI9COfh2j08c_C23PbqOHz7uhVpjLyRM_uBuCTvAV2xHeBDvBtFHA/s200/marchio-indesit-06__WMM.jpg" width="163" /></a></div>
<br />
In
1977 the company denounces a heavy budgetary deficit, in 1978 the
prices of the products are increased, but the sales are lowered because
they are not Competitive. In 1980 for workers, the layoffs start, no
more televisions will be produced at None (to). On 12 June 1980 Indesit
communicates the total crisis in the household appliances sector in
addition to the electronic Sector.<br />
The workers exhibit protest at pinerolo, orbassano, Torino and None.<br />
<br />
There was acquired also the mark Hirundo, with which a line was proposed
in the white sector (refrigerators, washing machines and other
household electrical appliances), as well as apparatus in the brown
sector, like radio to transistor branded Indesit-Hirundo. Such a mark
today is not long time more used.<br />
<br />
Indesit participated for 6 % in the Sèleco of Pordenone, to the epoch in
which the control was held by Giovanni Mario Rossignolo, giving
installations in disuse for the television sets manufacture. Zanussi and
Rel were the greatest shareholders in Sèleco to that epoch.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjtbpL8ecMpN2dCuZzx8u9g4fqxWpzoTncHI85VstTcdMWryZwbP-vXDW0_BKk-KunCL0y2r-gv0C4yfwd_0NCmWVZMbIUIT7VuzaOiLzWXhYR6_8dx6ithGwucG9QT0cSYSJdSJW_wzU/s1600/marchio-indesit-04__WMM.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjtbpL8ecMpN2dCuZzx8u9g4fqxWpzoTncHI85VstTcdMWryZwbP-vXDW0_BKk-KunCL0y2r-gv0C4yfwd_0NCmWVZMbIUIT7VuzaOiLzWXhYR6_8dx6ithGwucG9QT0cSYSJdSJW_wzU/s200/marchio-indesit-04__WMM.jpg" width="163" /></a><br />
In 1980, the Indesit went to big crisis and was put into checked
administration, of which it went out in 1984, when it was recapitalized
for 74 milliard lire and there new members entered. Still for the
Torinese company the crisis continued and the recovery was not going;
following this in 1985 it gave his electronic division to the Olivetti .<br />
<br />
In
1981 Indesit is divided into three holdings, the redundancies
confirmed, but following the mobilizations you get a government
intervention that buffers the Procedure.<br />
<br />
In 1984
Indesit officially announces that its problems are structural, that
because of this it is no longer possible to continue to limit the damage
with forms of rotation on the work of part of the re integrated work
force, and for the workers "surplus " is required the cash zero Hours
system to fund the unoccupied workers.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOrF-zJO_e9At-Xusw_vDAwKNuZqA3PWIzn3uqqs7BxlwJJ2MG0STHNsbCQbtw75FxLeB9E1YG89-sDHFpSM_Zw45vkBC1Tmgzt7CCUwilQlhWvaD8bsTYkK3DtxcTuR-w7kuWXy2A72s/s1600/indesit1980.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOrF-zJO_e9At-Xusw_vDAwKNuZqA3PWIzn3uqqs7BxlwJJ2MG0STHNsbCQbtw75FxLeB9E1YG89-sDHFpSM_Zw45vkBC1Tmgzt7CCUwilQlhWvaD8bsTYkK3DtxcTuR-w7kuWXy2A72s/s1600/indesit1980.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Much was the negotiations to find an industrial and financial partner,
but the situation was so heavy to lead, in the same year, the company to
the extraordinary administration, on the grounds of the law Prodi, and
the Court of Turin appointed commissary the doctor Giacomo Zunino.<br />
<br />
For a
long time now the work places had drastically decreased, and were
reduced to a little more than 7.000 workers, the greatest part of which
in case integration then unoccupied.<br />
<br />
Even though it was commissioned, the company improved gradually the
accounts, and in 1987 it was purchased to the auction at Merloni
Elettrodomestici's already known for the mark Ariston and until then
principal competitor in Italy of the Indesit itself. In the operation
the of the Marche group invested quite 50 milliard lire in the
acquisition of the society, and another 100 milliards it were provided
for the reorganisation and the curing . <br />
Indesit became the first
mark of the company, and the factories were maintained only of None,
Carinaro and Teverola.The factory in Orbassano is closed, None (Turin)
unfolded and resized, until the last 400 workers are fired at the end of
the year 2012.<br />
<br />
TODAYS THERE IS NO MORE OF ANYTHING OF INDESIT SPIREA !!<br />
<br />
<br />
R.I.P. ITALY !<br />
<br />
<br />FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-53209804146534320782012-10-20T18:00:00.000-07:002014-05-14T11:29:38.231-07:00IGNIS (PHILIPS) AFE259/IG (AFB701) YEAR 1990.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRQ7RxcskPe-Jxfmd1snpGxaxgFCeQdJRimpbIDx_1OstXlLSIm_uBgWm_DZ0g9s6deJKOwvchOAP1YKhRj2zQTloe66y-ryeBwMbxaV1gSTnKqaGk3ZtVuV9paba_0SRmMauXJIXNR3jB/s1600/IMGH_06714__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRQ7RxcskPe-Jxfmd1snpGxaxgFCeQdJRimpbIDx_1OstXlLSIm_uBgWm_DZ0g9s6deJKOwvchOAP1YKhRj2zQTloe66y-ryeBwMbxaV1gSTnKqaGk3ZtVuV9paba_0SRmMauXJIXNR3jB/s1600/IMGH_06714__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjngaxyW8FKfELzWtlbIxprB2pDO2X9050gBFDxq2wd9fBvBlOadAtPxy1y-ZmIOH_8MMHh_w-ABPl64X9Ncm3VlCvhn4oc7EBG_GjB60VvmTJdvv9eM-uIeUrsFcIMAVClessQ8gIlpA-/s1600/IMGH_06716__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjngaxyW8FKfELzWtlbIxprB2pDO2X9050gBFDxq2wd9fBvBlOadAtPxy1y-ZmIOH_8MMHh_w-ABPl64X9Ncm3VlCvhn4oc7EBG_GjB60VvmTJdvv9eM-uIeUrsFcIMAVClessQ8gIlpA-/s1600/IMGH_06716__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_g6ch4ZfuHZI9RYOqeHewCOD9IGEGHSczXQSuVxmycWGprPGNydDqrNIOSgWKjLCXvMIprzt6buoZJ80RE1X6RWQcfiTkei24a2G6MYb3oMR1zHJTYH8_0dlkNCF_mBtNOUMhNMbuu2cM/s1600/IMGH_06715__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_g6ch4ZfuHZI9RYOqeHewCOD9IGEGHSczXQSuVxmycWGprPGNydDqrNIOSgWKjLCXvMIprzt6buoZJ80RE1X6RWQcfiTkei24a2G6MYb3oMR1zHJTYH8_0dlkNCF_mBtNOUMhNMbuu2cM/s1600/IMGH_06715__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHJvsdm8TzjNeSjk3FPlJGfTFt6EtQZrdcBfZYy8kbQsn7mtuIRFe2Pn9kT4tW2_ZHkzp9eyLdnuliwgV8Htmxgf1abkA1TUUpgf9Ts_jfbrs2VxfnlwopTontJ6OdhNidJZLxtp6IMuJz/s1600/IMGH_06717__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHJvsdm8TzjNeSjk3FPlJGfTFt6EtQZrdcBfZYy8kbQsn7mtuIRFe2Pn9kT4tW2_ZHkzp9eyLdnuliwgV8Htmxgf1abkA1TUUpgf9Ts_jfbrs2VxfnlwopTontJ6OdhNidJZLxtp6IMuJz/s1600/IMGH_06717__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNLbqEdhPhFrfIqsPLtquREUV4n51phhKHtvGNbwshkNuX37BuoUmUA3YXFTonE0yQ5LD77qkhvCFV3ohyphenhyphenmKrpOmBXZMZpKIiF8dpC9enzjGdruHgS4GpbF9BA9mkj3AeYBannaLPSBgTE/s1600/IMGH_06718__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNLbqEdhPhFrfIqsPLtquREUV4n51phhKHtvGNbwshkNuX37BuoUmUA3YXFTonE0yQ5LD77qkhvCFV3ohyphenhyphenmKrpOmBXZMZpKIiF8dpC9enzjGdruHgS4GpbF9BA9mkj3AeYBannaLPSBgTE/s1600/IMGH_06718__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheGHBXAvx16S066wr3h3zWmcBbl8tC3EYu6p2Qay0yhCl5C5k8wGSy0pBhvSuR06In2UL9YQcpye3ms2haAaGXDk2C7CJg7zPcCTZ4Qc0WkptkaBhY0V3vdoPdKdyrK9iHm7lYycPqBt3A/s1600/IMGH_06719__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheGHBXAvx16S066wr3h3zWmcBbl8tC3EYu6p2Qay0yhCl5C5k8wGSy0pBhvSuR06In2UL9YQcpye3ms2haAaGXDk2C7CJg7zPcCTZ4Qc0WkptkaBhY0V3vdoPdKdyrK9iHm7lYycPqBt3A/s1600/IMGH_06719__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyUGGTomE61KrrT3mR154H9bCJ-OEU6z5adm9-eOpURbZg_h2GnTAMpoB5_E4yv5oVsJm_0H63_Vnci95Oi-FcvPPzJ-Iw_cANDRpHoE5uYK3DPAEDul3VezjNR7hIbsZkgDrrPliMVkaG/s1600/IMGH_06720__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyUGGTomE61KrrT3mR154H9bCJ-OEU6z5adm9-eOpURbZg_h2GnTAMpoB5_E4yv5oVsJm_0H63_Vnci95Oi-FcvPPzJ-Iw_cANDRpHoE5uYK3DPAEDul3VezjNR7hIbsZkgDrrPliMVkaG/s1600/IMGH_06720__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjruPAfDMdUkxQjILKSn98Hj4rTDa_DpBob6BM-nkBzI3W4zbonztyBe8uzqF-QRBE0NqfGJMzeTQBeQHv7bYABj2ig8j_gAK9RANVrNJJWyR6SQuJsr9dK_zn8dG74oYRhJqfPn33sRiLi/s1600/IMGH_06721__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjruPAfDMdUkxQjILKSn98Hj4rTDa_DpBob6BM-nkBzI3W4zbonztyBe8uzqF-QRBE0NqfGJMzeTQBeQHv7bYABj2ig8j_gAK9RANVrNJJWyR6SQuJsr9dK_zn8dG74oYRhJqfPn33sRiLi/s1600/IMGH_06721__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI-NEh-gwv6d9vebOxux31LjQMX8gSFO4KzgZhFY__xyqm5QmfpfE5O-cOsp5P94Z3hgy27MHgTjGOXrWY1Q9s3Z9UNoQhPwuv7yfhMDgctPQsk3ZZMNy-oI_6aHB5csXqjad7MwL3aHAP/s1600/IMGH_06724__F12M.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI-NEh-gwv6d9vebOxux31LjQMX8gSFO4KzgZhFY__xyqm5QmfpfE5O-cOsp5P94Z3hgy27MHgTjGOXrWY1Q9s3Z9UNoQhPwuv7yfhMDgctPQsk3ZZMNy-oI_6aHB5csXqjad7MwL3aHAP/s1600/IMGH_06724__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
I just rescued this and runs quite well. Setting the thermostat on " 4 " it's reaching -25°C quickly.<br />
<br />
The IGNIS (PHILIPS) AFE259/IG (AFB701) was badly used and unfair maintained and dumped in working order.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjngaxyW8FKfELzWtlbIxprB2pDO2X9050gBFDxq2wd9fBvBlOadAtPxy1y-ZmIOH_8MMHh_w-ABPl64X9Ncm3VlCvhn4oc7EBG_GjB60VvmTJdvv9eM-uIeUrsFcIMAVClessQ8gIlpA-/s1600/IMGH_06716__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjngaxyW8FKfELzWtlbIxprB2pDO2X9050gBFDxq2wd9fBvBlOadAtPxy1y-ZmIOH_8MMHh_w-ABPl64X9Ncm3VlCvhn4oc7EBG_GjB60VvmTJdvv9eM-uIeUrsFcIMAVClessQ8gIlpA-/s1600/IMGH_06716__F12M.jpg" height="200" width="150" /></a><br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></h2>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: small;">Interesting the door adesive sticker saying "Less 50% R-11 (CFC-11 blowing agent), see picture above.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">From its introduction during the late 1970s, the polyisocyanurate industry was using CFC-11 as a blowing agent. Prior to 1993, almost all
refrigerators used CFC-11 CFC-12 as the blowing agent in the polyurethane foam.</span></blockquote>
<br /></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
The IGNIS (PHILIPS) AFE259/IG (AFB701) is a deep freezer , a stand-alone freezer unit for preserving food in contrast to a freezer atop a refrigerator and it is made by <span class="st">IRE INDUSTRIE RIUNITE EURODOMESTICI S.P.A.
CASINETA DI BIANDRONO VARESE in Italy when IGNIS was part of PHILIPS.</span><br />
<span class="st">The equivalent model is PHILIPS AFB701.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="st">This is last PHILIPS made Freezer with:</span><br />
<br />
<span class="st">- R12 refrigerant, </span><br />
<span class="st">- CFC products as blowing agents,</span><br />
<span class="st">- Last under PHILIPS / IGNIS / IRE fabrication control .</span><br />
<span class="st"><br /></span>
<span class="st">Compressor IRE L13A18. R12 150 WATT.</span><br />
<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> IGNIS, GIOVANNI BORGHI HISTORY.</span></b></u></span></div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Investing in the industrial development of artisan villages<br />in Varese, Italy, Giovanni Borghi builds a factory for 200<br />employees to manufacture not only ovens and cooktops, but<br />also an appliance previously unknown in Italy: the refrigerator.<br />Ignis workers produce appliances for third-party companies<br />like Fiat, Atlantic, Philco, Emerson and Philips. Borghi builds<br />the “Villages of Ignis,” with affordable one- and two-family<br />houses (Borghi Villages), as well as a pool and sports center<br />in Comerio, Italy, and a hostel vvith recreational facilities for<br />young workers in Cassinetta, Italy, all intended to promote a<br />comfortable, healthy lifestyle.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfWMs23PFqU2PZOHLy1t6f7wtNqPap2YxnbyVxtuUBFp2SNIHv2n6MlH_jdNWhK1MUpdrvIBmTZXni6BtyiTVR-BeoQ8KWFmbvPfrdptvd_pyXtC9cAe1C_0UCn3noLevZ5kr6YcSPsQw/s1600/IGNIS-BORGHI.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfWMs23PFqU2PZOHLy1t6f7wtNqPap2YxnbyVxtuUBFp2SNIHv2n6MlH_jdNWhK1MUpdrvIBmTZXni6BtyiTVR-BeoQ8KWFmbvPfrdptvd_pyXtC9cAe1C_0UCn3noLevZ5kr6YcSPsQw/s320/IGNIS-BORGHI.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> The Milan industrialist </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Giovanni Borghi </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">founded
the IGNIS brand of household appliances. His factories would turn out
one appliance every eight seconds, and make billions selling them to
Italy's exploding middle class. Borghi was famous for his early
support of cycling, and his yellow IGNIS jerseyed squadra won more than a
few great races in the late fifties and early sixties.<br /><br />Borghi
was aggressive, flamboyant and flashy. And he took care of his stars -
famously buying Spanish sprinter Miguel Poblet a Lancia convertible
after his Milan San Remo win. On top of his 25 million lire per year
salary. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Giovanni
Borghi, was an Italian industrialist pioneer in the field of domestic
appliances, returned from a trip in the USA with a real<br />illumination: refrigerators insulated with Polyurethane foam were much more<br />efficient and capacious than those hand-filled with mineral wood.<br />His refrigerators Group, Ignis, developed internally this technology and the<br />related equipment, a suitable alternative to the imported foam dispensers, which<br />were difficult to get, fix and maintain, stimulating an industrial supply of<br />similar machines. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-jfvegevg0KxR7BUSORTbD3B2sIe7JWwwQrMwvvCg9Hf-rB6y17SkWVZ79hJ6N2A4uMIP1xFAL3L7xKFacIDf2ItJ1U3CDw_P3YGZl7fLgca0kmtSwRDabqJWO0eeoARGk0-3UpSH8Rg/s1600/GIOVANNI-BORGHI.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-jfvegevg0KxR7BUSORTbD3B2sIe7JWwwQrMwvvCg9Hf-rB6y17SkWVZ79hJ6N2A4uMIP1xFAL3L7xKFacIDf2ItJ1U3CDw_P3YGZl7fLgca0kmtSwRDabqJWO0eeoARGk0-3UpSH8Rg/s320/GIOVANNI-BORGHI.jpg" height="320" width="244" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> And
in 1959 Borghi signed the man most of Italy thought would be the man to
replace Fausto Coppi: 1956 Olympic, 1958 Giro d'Italia and World
Champion Ercole Baldini. He lured Baldini away from Legnano with a
contract so fat many said it only served to asurre that il treno di
Forli.. would...well...get a little too fat himself! He was never quite
as hungry once he went to IGNIS.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Borghi
kept control of IGNIS in the family. In the paternalistic Italian
industrial model - like Ferrari, Maserati or Campagnolo. He later
turned the reins over to his son, who in turn finally sold the company
to Dutch conglomerate, Philips.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-size: small;">When Philips decided to get into the maj<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">or household appliances</span><br style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">market,
its procedure was to buy increasing quantities of these goods from the
Italian firm, Ignis, then at the height of its prosperity.</span><br style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Once it became the principal client of the manufacturer, it took over </span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">supplying the latter by purchasing 50 percent of its capital. It took </span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">over the firm completely in 1972, to the satisfaction of the founder </span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">of Ignis, Giovanni Borghi. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">BORGHI DIED IN 1975.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>Borghi is still remembered in Italia. </b> RAI even aired TV miniseries about his life this past year, "Mister Ignis". </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. (Royal Philips Electronics Inc.)</span><span style="font-style: italic;">, most commonly known as Philips, (Euronext: PHIA, NYSE: PHG) is a multinational Dutch electronics corporation.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Philips
is one of the largest electronics companies in the world. In 2009,
its sales were €23.18 billion. The company employs 115,924 people in
more than 60 countries.[1]</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Philips
is organized in a number of sectors: Philips Consumer Lifestyles
(formerly Philips Consumer Electronics and Philips Domestic Appliances
and Personal Care), Philips Lighting and Philips Healthcare
(formerly Philips Medical Systems).</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">The
company was founded in 1891 by Gerard Philips, a maternal cousin of
Karl Marx, in Eindhoven, Netherlands. Its first products were light
bulbs and other electro-technical equipment. Its first factory
survives as a museum devoted to light sculpture.[2] In the 1920s, the
company started to manufacture other products, such as vacuum tubes
(also known worldwide as 'valves'), In 1927 they acquired the
British electronic valve manufacturers Mullard and in 1932 the
German tube manufacturer Valvo, both of which became subsidiaries.
In 1939 they introduced their electric razor, the Philishave
(marketed in the USA using the Norelco brand name).</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ2KnohylGz069wavrk8J3y5zeMKx6UAWpmmy_N7lVONx6lUrP6EzJ7W6jurQzGy4DHZwcl_LaB_9niig-725gr6_Ukjgc6pmWd4V2nytEGcTXpUz5rBRd9DrHq5a0S2sz192jO5t4Fqg4/s1600/anton+philips.jpg" style="font-style: italic;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ2KnohylGz069wavrk8J3y5zeMKx6UAWpmmy_N7lVONx6lUrP6EzJ7W6jurQzGy4DHZwcl_LaB_9niig-725gr6_Ukjgc6pmWd4V2nytEGcTXpUz5rBRd9DrHq5a0S2sz192jO5t4Fqg4/s320/anton+philips.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5566216731996475298" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 304px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Philips was also instrumental in the revival of the Stirling engine.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">As a chip maker, Philips Semiconductors was among the Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Sales Leaders.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">In
December 2005 Philips announced its intention to make the
Semiconductor Division into a separate legal entity. This process of
"disentanglement" was completed on 1 October 2006.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">On
2 August 2006, Philips completed an agreement to sell a controlling
80.1% stake in Philips Semiconductors to a consortium of private
equity investors consisting of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts &amp; Co.
(KKR), Silver Lake Partners and AlpInvest Partners. The sale
completed a process, which began December 2005, with its decision to
create a separate legal entity for Semiconductors and to pursue all
strategic options. Six weeks before, ahead of its online dialogue,
through a letter to 8,000 of Philips managers, it was announced that
they were speeding up the transformation of Semiconductors into a
stand-alone entity with majority ownership by a third party. It was
stated then that "this is much more than just a transaction: it is
probably the most significant milestone on a long journey of change
for Philips and the beginning of a new chapter for everyone –
especially those involved with Semiconductors".</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">In its more than 115 year history, this co</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s1600/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s320/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753231408203006162" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 120px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 120px;" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;">unts
as a big step that is definitely changing the profile of the
company. Philips was one of few companies that successfully made the
transition from the electrical world of the 19th century into the
electronic age, starting its semiconductor activity in 1953 and
building it into a global top 10 player in its industry. As such,
Semiconductors was at the heart of many innovations in Philips over
the past 50 years.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Agreeing
to start a process that would ultimately lead to the decision to
sell the Semiconductor Division therefore was one of the toughest
decisions that the Board of Management ever had to make.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">On
21 August 2006, Bain Capital and Apax Partners announced that they
had signed definitive commitments to join the expanded consortium
headed by KKR that is to acquire the controlling stake in the
Semiconductors Division.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">On
1 September 2006, it was announced in Berlin that the name of the
new semiconductor company founded by Philips is NXP Semiconductors.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Coinciding
with the sale of the Semiconductor Division, Philips also announced
that they would drop the word 'Electronics' from the company name,
thus becoming simply Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Royal Philips N.V.).</span><br />
<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">PHILIPS</span> FOUNDATION:<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7ikDsJ9XmygdQsUCfczC6TamHJrGHxCL1YWFd5NBYF5T9hK26d7PO76N9Zgq7mZOsmyS7gWn2UurP1UHhHcBDAdiKJg7m4sXs-2rNJpA8ndWjEtG3mLOzt3G1GyEEpCbUdn9RRUOg5dg/s1600/MAIN-EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7ikDsJ9XmygdQsUCfczC6TamHJrGHxCL1YWFd5NBYF5T9hK26d7PO76N9Zgq7mZOsmyS7gWn2UurP1UHhHcBDAdiKJg7m4sXs-2rNJpA8ndWjEtG3mLOzt3G1GyEEpCbUdn9RRUOg5dg/s320/MAIN-EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753231051095713186" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 41px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 348px;" /></a>The
foundations of Philips were laid in 1891 when Anton and Gerard
Philips established Philips &amp; Co. in Eindhoven, the
Netherlands. The company begun manufacturing carbon-filament lamps
and by the turn of the century, had become one of the largest
producers in Europe. Stimulated by the industrial revolution in
Europe, Philips’ first research laboratory started introducing its
first innovations in the x-ray and radio technology. Over the years,
the list of inventions has only been growing to include many
breakthroughs that have continued to enrich people’s everyday lives.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In
the early years of Philips &amp; Co., the representation of the
company name took many forms: one was an emblem formed by the initial
letters of Philips &amp; Co., and another was the word Philips
printed on the glass of metal filament lamps.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
One
of the very first campaigns was launched in 1898 when Anton Philips
used a range of postcards showing the Dutch national costumes as
marketing tools. Each letter of the word Philips was printed in a row
of light bulbs as at the top of every card. In the late 1920s, the
Philips name began to take on the form that we recognize today.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The
now familiar Philips waves and stars first appeared in 1926 on the
packaging of miniwatt radio valves, as well as on the Philigraph, an
early sound recording device. The waves symbolized radio waves, while
the stars represented the ether of the evening sky through which the
radio waves would travel.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In 1930 it was the first time that the four stars flanking the three waves were placed together in a circle. After that, the<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s1600/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s320/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753231408203006162" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 120px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 120px;" /></a>
stars and waves started appearing on radios and gramophones,
featuring this circle as part of their design. Gradually the use of
the circle emblem was then extended to advertising materials and other
products.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
At this time
Philips’ business activities were expanding rapidly and the company
wanted to find a trademark that would uniquely represent Philips, but
one that would also avoid legal problems with the owners of other
well-known circular emblems. This wish resulted in the combination of
the Philips circle and the wordmark within the shield emblem.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In
1938, the Philips shield made its first appearance. Although
modified over the years, the basic design has remained constant ever
since and, together with the wordmark, gives Philips the distinctive
identity that is still embraced today.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Gerard Philips</span>:<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-gR8QlOfoNoptZXbJ6obLylwTu1e7VZTpXyVnHfXgucqBkARpAdXTt8ie9JmhKe0KrIiG_z3uYPyOpbsSVtTN2_r-OhRZ9RM2fxra3M6bzJ0OnMWBwbmKsWa6ulSGibEgoPBnOcoHhyphenhyphenU/s1600/GERARD-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-gR8QlOfoNoptZXbJ6obLylwTu1e7VZTpXyVnHfXgucqBkARpAdXTt8ie9JmhKe0KrIiG_z3uYPyOpbsSVtTN2_r-OhRZ9RM2fxra3M6bzJ0OnMWBwbmKsWa6ulSGibEgoPBnOcoHhyphenhyphenU/s200/GERARD-PHILIPS.jpg" height="200" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753229378365198642" style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt;" width="150" /></a>Gerard
Leonard Frederik Philips (October 9, 1858, in Zaltbommel – January
27, 1942, in The Hague, Netherlands) was a Dutch industrialist,
co-founder (with his father Frederik Philips) of the Philips Company
as a family business in 1891. Gerard and his younger brother Anton
Philips changed the business to a corporation by founding in 1912 the
NV Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken. As the first CEO of the Philips
corporation, Gerard laid with Anton the base for the later Philips
multinational.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Early life and education<br />
<br />
Gerard
was the first son of Benjamin Frederik David Philips (1 December
1830 – 12 June 1900) and Maria Heyligers (1836 – 1921). His father
was active in the tobacco business and a banker at Zaltbommel in the
Netherlands; he was a first cousin of Karl Marx.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Career<br />
<br />
Gerard
Philips became interested in electronics and engineering. Frederik
was the financier for Gerard's purchase of the old factory building in
Eindhoven where he established the first factory in 1891. They
operated the Philips Company as a family business for more than a
decade.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Marriage and family<br />
<br />
On March 19, 1896 Philips married Johanna van der Willigen (30 September 1862 – 1942). They had no children.<br />
<br />
Gerard
was an uncle of Frits Philips, whom he and his brother brought into
the business. Later they brought in his brother's grandson, Franz
Otten.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gerard and his brother Anton
supported education and social programs in Eindhoven, including the
Philips Sport Vereniging (Philips Sports Association), which they
founded. From it the professional football (soccer) department
developed into the independent Philips Sport Vereniging N.V.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anton Philips</span>:<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggsJPtDo3LMTtGmO0YSJEPj4RheC6dlZM_0iPhicToWpfOs0WaZKCRZ8MH9KUfkHoz53RnMj9p9QMFmEmh-vaZzC6c1oi__VVVU7eKjdG8XhrQ-XqzaEEJ8qeI7i4iQdfMsGLjJOnHCRs/s1600/ANTON-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggsJPtDo3LMTtGmO0YSJEPj4RheC6dlZM_0iPhicToWpfOs0WaZKCRZ8MH9KUfkHoz53RnMj9p9QMFmEmh-vaZzC6c1oi__VVVU7eKjdG8XhrQ-XqzaEEJ8qeI7i4iQdfMsGLjJOnHCRs/s200/ANTON-PHILIPS.jpg" height="200" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753229383836616514" style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt;" width="150" /></a>Anton
Frederik Philips (March 14, 1874, Zaltbommel, Gelderland – October
7, 1951, Eindhoven) co-founded Royal Philips Electronics N.V. in 1912
with his older brother Gerard Philips in Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
He served as CEO of the company from 1922 to 1939.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Early life and education<br />
<br />
Anton
was born to Maria Heyligers (1836 – 1921) and Benjamin Frederik
David Philips (December 1, 1830 – June 12, 1900). His father was
active in the tobacco business and a banker at Zaltbommel in the
Netherlands. (He was a first cousin to Karl Marx.) Anton's brother
Gerard was 16 years older.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Career<br />
<br />
In
May 1891 the father Frederik was the financier and, with his son
Gerard Philips, co-founder of the Philips Company as a family
business. In 1912 Anton joined the firm, which they named Royal
Philips Electronics N.V.<br />
<br />
During World War I, Anton Philips managed to increas<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s1600/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s320/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753231408203006162" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 120px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 120px;" /></a>e
sales by taking advantage of a boycott of German goods in several
countries. He provided the markets with alternative products.<br />
<br />
Anton
(and his brother Gerard) are remembered as being civic-minded. In
Eindhoven they supported education and social programs and facilities,
such as the soccer department of the Philips Sports Association as
the best-known example.<br />
<br />
Anton Philips brought his
son Frits Philips and grandson Franz Otten into the company in their
times. Anton took the young Franz Otten with him and other family
members to escape the Netherlands just before the Nazi Occupation
during World War II; they went to the United States. They returned
after the war.<br />
<br />
His son Frits Philips chose to stay
and manage the company during the occupation; he survived several
months at the concentration camp of Vught after his workers went on
strike. He saved the lives of 382 Jews by claiming them as
indispensable to his factory, and thus helped them evade Nazi
roundups and deportation to concentration camps.<br />
<br />
Philips died in Eindhoven in 1951.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Marriage and family<br />
<br />
Philips
married Anne Henriëtte Elisabeth Maria de Jongh (Amersfoort, May 30,
1878 – Eindhoven, March 7, 1970). They had the following children:<br />
<br />
*
Anna Elisabeth Cornelia Philips (June 19, 1899 – ?), married in 1925
to Pieter Franciscus Sylvester Otten (1895 – 1969), and had:<br />
o Diek Otten<br />
o Franz Otten (b. c. 1928 - d. 1967), manager in the Dutch electronics company Philips<br />
* Frederik Jacques Philips (1905-2005)<br />
*
Henriëtte Anna Philips (Eindhoven, October 26, 1906 – ?), married
firstly to A. Knappert (d. 1932), without issue; married secondly to G.
Jonkheer Sandberg (d. September 5, 1935), without issue; and married
thirdly in New York City, New York, on September 29, 1938 to
Jonkheer Gerrit van Riemsdijk (Aerdenhout, January 10, 1911 –
Eindhoven, November 8, 2005). They had the following children:<br />
o
..., Jonkheerin Gerrit van Riemsdijk (b. Waalre, October 2, 1939),
married at Waalre on February 17, 1968 to Johannes Jasper Tuijt (b.
Atjeh, Koeta Radja, March 10, 1930), son of Jacobus Tuijt and wife
Hedwig Jager, without issue<br />
o ..., Jonkheerin Gerrit van
Riemsdijk (b. Waalre, April 3, 1946), married firstly at Calvados,
Falaise, on June 6, 1974 to Martinus Jan Petrus Vermooten (Utrecht,
September 16, 1939 – Falaise, August 29, 1978), son of Martinus
Vermooten and wife Anna Pieternella Hendrika Kwantes, without issue;
married secondly in Paris on December 12, 1981 to Jean Yves Louis
Bedos (Calvados, Rémy, January 9, 1947 – Calvados, Lisieux, October
5, 1982), son of Georges Charles Bedos and wife Henriette Louise
Piel, without issue; and married thirdly at Manche, Sartilly, on
September 21, 1985 to Arnaud Evain (b. Ardennes, Sedan, July 7,
1952), son of Jean Claude Evain and wife Flore Halleux, without issue<br />
o
..., Jonkheerin Gerrit van Riemsdijk (b. Waalre, September 4, 1948),
married at Waalre, October 28, 1972 to Elie Johan François van
Dissel (b. Eindhoven, October 9, 1948), son of Willem Pieter<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
Jacob van Dissel and wife Francisca Frederike Marie Wirtz, without issue.</div>
</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s1600/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s320/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753231408203006162" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 120px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 120px;" /></a></div>
<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<br />FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-92025679123521618602012-10-19T18:00:00.000-07:002015-02-14T11:21:31.033-08:00REX (ZANUSSI) RI230/2T YEAR 1979.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVNnCiZlaOjFRvrSyOzHKRy7hs59VwbFm6qKrNT6vEOziF3R7jvKMx8XtHCbGrhuxVmxrgzkyVmxCIAwUFVBgQtKcHLTPw-tx8pvPgh_D0ICEPh1kRfXR8wD_m9skH0hHc85AyNJuEaRs9/s1600/IMGH_06703__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVNnCiZlaOjFRvrSyOzHKRy7hs59VwbFm6qKrNT6vEOziF3R7jvKMx8XtHCbGrhuxVmxrgzkyVmxCIAwUFVBgQtKcHLTPw-tx8pvPgh_D0ICEPh1kRfXR8wD_m9skH0hHc85AyNJuEaRs9/s1600/IMGH_06703__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="238" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfV19vbtJvxQN6Jg4awZA-L6x-FqWz4sFF8CiqFZXMfcyQ3eSJ7DZIQA4NBqPpjuNHf-8-Q1GCGOTNUV6B0LLn4agOOdHLjbr2IBBd4n03JBcqSuu7ehfLthnMNX5P2cL0xt9uQdvSpOt5/s1600/IMGH_06706__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfV19vbtJvxQN6Jg4awZA-L6x-FqWz4sFF8CiqFZXMfcyQ3eSJ7DZIQA4NBqPpjuNHf-8-Q1GCGOTNUV6B0LLn4agOOdHLjbr2IBBd4n03JBcqSuu7ehfLthnMNX5P2cL0xt9uQdvSpOt5/s1600/IMGH_06706__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaZOiAAxamB8Abr8jIpDc93QbKRMXIBcPSuVrMy6YBayyelBg8h4Tzgc-KrnQK7jQFoYvrOuQ7-7FJB27u8D6gYpISWcxr9uVe6nrbuqiYlAk2ExlBiFnXRvy0hpd8NYqQFT3hHcEy0UR/s1600/IMGH_06705__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaZOiAAxamB8Abr8jIpDc93QbKRMXIBcPSuVrMy6YBayyelBg8h4Tzgc-KrnQK7jQFoYvrOuQ7-7FJB27u8D6gYpISWcxr9uVe6nrbuqiYlAk2ExlBiFnXRvy0hpd8NYqQFT3hHcEy0UR/s1600/IMGH_06705__F12M.JPG" height="238" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4L9fl35aq5d_9RpSV8P17dnymi5zVofpVOiMIMDioQ3I4XeOwBHkPNhNjYOQCMNOE5MbmlHynRVREvauNWxS2V_GQyK9I7WGn3nD0KK5RTgiPqGjrCOhSzq0n1KbV_fczkGXHjzEkkPy/s1600/IMGH_06707__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4L9fl35aq5d_9RpSV8P17dnymi5zVofpVOiMIMDioQ3I4XeOwBHkPNhNjYOQCMNOE5MbmlHynRVREvauNWxS2V_GQyK9I7WGn3nD0KK5RTgiPqGjrCOhSzq0n1KbV_fczkGXHjzEkkPy/s1600/IMGH_06707__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicbpSRYZdZje_GhN0NUwnqOwopnL8wzNGxxj1234XMwaoGNDRUW4TyktRjLOqfXEmn1grm9fkWmHtINtut0R8JQNGjANnZkuAObbJ8W6bUkWOSVIMMnXBEUbQfaR_AvDwfLIYgn5RqCoAl/s1600/IMGH_06710__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicbpSRYZdZje_GhN0NUwnqOwopnL8wzNGxxj1234XMwaoGNDRUW4TyktRjLOqfXEmn1grm9fkWmHtINtut0R8JQNGjANnZkuAObbJ8W6bUkWOSVIMMnXBEUbQfaR_AvDwfLIYgn5RqCoAl/s1600/IMGH_06710__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix_7EPWu-Kej24PZvPs7cddlo4Hu1ppTuQ2JSst0yDjs-6uSQzrlZvU81TisCsAI5ZoyECvPhY8Yo1pSnG3_fUwqd4dk_cSawbY_o2fAEcdq3duj0gLsPjsBiVve2_HjA474mMyn8urjeT/s1600/IMGH_06709__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix_7EPWu-Kej24PZvPs7cddlo4Hu1ppTuQ2JSst0yDjs-6uSQzrlZvU81TisCsAI5ZoyECvPhY8Yo1pSnG3_fUwqd4dk_cSawbY_o2fAEcdq3duj0gLsPjsBiVve2_HjA474mMyn8urjeT/s1600/IMGH_06709__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwvDIe0B6oBfmR1_6enQWBZ0qf2D2QNZfzToL6VD0b78_DgjYEYBf_2Crj52kiWOdnQzZAXmtPeAQhBeBgePZKsYEC4aRtKx52ItBdinccmziQb3icGyy3mtUk6rIKbH16u4sk4sdoFFA_/s1600/IMGH_06708__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwvDIe0B6oBfmR1_6enQWBZ0qf2D2QNZfzToL6VD0b78_DgjYEYBf_2Crj52kiWOdnQzZAXmtPeAQhBeBgePZKsYEC4aRtKx52ItBdinccmziQb3icGyy3mtUk6rIKbH16u4sk4sdoFFA_/s1600/IMGH_06708__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw39wwccf_q_tmx-A3lttNmtrtBiT0jFpR40OjjD_H6Su7A7hv1XwoLTz_28JE9Kkgw8E63_PZjuGlRvPg84lV0Ps-NF0AE7kmhfndqbz2t95myN-R-912TIgG09ALmmEThMPlCjF834e4/s1600/IMGH_06704__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw39wwccf_q_tmx-A3lttNmtrtBiT0jFpR40OjjD_H6Su7A7hv1XwoLTz_28JE9Kkgw8E63_PZjuGlRvPg84lV0Ps-NF0AE7kmhfndqbz2t95myN-R-912TIgG09ALmmEThMPlCjF834e4/s1600/IMGH_06704__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDj8jL1xoOx1aHnkls-ctWtX2iLtD_VT49K4j47UTFBefQcJb4iai6wA288P8IaU7DEcLjpLssW1wW0MuLXt1IzTJvGgZU5RyuxDOjMLS4uJy0bYP8Uyonm-3xSgTf1hGUF7BNXbxZMfkb/s1600/IMGH_06713__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDj8jL1xoOx1aHnkls-ctWtX2iLtD_VT49K4j47UTFBefQcJb4iai6wA288P8IaU7DEcLjpLssW1wW0MuLXt1IzTJvGgZU5RyuxDOjMLS4uJy0bYP8Uyonm-3xSgTf1hGUF7BNXbxZMfkb/s1600/IMGH_06713__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMKO70EapEJbWvNBtG09rXjZBjeVWhvlV7l20EV97x7qaFdcprlaU4xfJA8hIRAbrpwc0-KWtBtKYddQUy4LHtY8uEIGyaXqpG-QyKbEixs-_rg9K70AbBb8zkyFkfTNIlxjbnWTyfgUng/s1600/IMGH_06711__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMKO70EapEJbWvNBtG09rXjZBjeVWhvlV7l20EV97x7qaFdcprlaU4xfJA8hIRAbrpwc0-KWtBtKYddQUy4LHtY8uEIGyaXqpG-QyKbEixs-_rg9K70AbBb8zkyFkfTNIlxjbnWTyfgUng/s1600/IMGH_06711__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The REX RI230/2T is last ZANUSSI fabricated refrigerator in 1979 and it's therefore an original ZANUSSI industry fabricated.<br />
<br />
Even this was scrapped only because it's old but in fully functional order. <br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously it was dirty, kitchen greased, kitchen smoked, and dusty, without internal grids and<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> vegetables </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">drawer</span></span>, so I've cleaned and fully restored.<br />
<br />
The
REX (ZANUSSI) RI230/2T Refrigerator is really a beast it comes Up to
evaporation In the Freezer compartment in 15 sec after compressor start
even waiting a 24Hr complete stop and the Freezer compartment it's
cooled in a time inferior as 20 mins.<br />
<br />
<br />
It's super silent ........almost noiseless...........<br />
<br />
All parts are original, the refrigerator was very <u>heavily used</u>, <u>poor maintained</u> (or even nothing) and throwed away............in working order after almost 36 years of work.................. (what a grateful life !).<br />
<br />
These models were the best house kitchen refrigerator series, simple construction, everlasting, eveready, no problem easy fridge.<br />
<br />
Compressor ZANUSSI MEL ZEM (Zanussi Elettro Meccanica) E44601 R12.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Many contemporary appliances would not have this level of staying
power, many would ware out or require major services within just five
years <u>or less</u> and of course, there is that perennial bug bear of
planned obsolescence where <u>components our deliberately designed to
fail or manufactured with limited edition specificities</u>..............................</span></blockquote>
<b>REX (ZANUSSI) RI230/2T REFRIGERATING APPLIANCE WITH SINGLE THERMOSTATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICE:</b><br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVNnCiZlaOjFRvrSyOzHKRy7hs59VwbFm6qKrNT6vEOziF3R7jvKMx8XtHCbGrhuxVmxrgzkyVmxCIAwUFVBgQtKcHLTPw-tx8pvPgh_D0ICEPh1kRfXR8wD_m9skH0hHc85AyNJuEaRs9/s1600/IMGH_06703__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVNnCiZlaOjFRvrSyOzHKRy7hs59VwbFm6qKrNT6vEOziF3R7jvKMx8XtHCbGrhuxVmxrgzkyVmxCIAwUFVBgQtKcHLTPw-tx8pvPgh_D0ICEPh1kRfXR8wD_m9skH0hHc85AyNJuEaRs9/s1600/IMGH_06703__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="238" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheI6LwLPDxtHE9TCNFJwhRi17RMvl4Vy7KjShEaYsABli58nFBxZGLItx4Ko2qSsgqCxkb-5E5Cn6IQoZ2wCTiEBjRC7FRWQwpN3mnDzUTkMTqQaxGuSQOGf4wJuktL8BRjgVEto9fLBy4/s1600/IMGH_06002.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>The
present invention relates to a refrigerating appliance comprising a
refrigerating circuit provided with a thermostatic temperature control
arrangement.<br />
Particularly, but not exclusively, the present
invention relates to a multi-temperature refrigerating appliance
provided with a single thermostatic temperature control device.<br />
Two-temperature
refrigerating appliances are well known, having two main compartments
which are kept at different temperatures and provided with independent
access doors. Usually, one of the compartments is maintained at an
average temperature of about + 5 DEG C for preserving fresh goods,
whereas the other compartment is maintained at an average temperature of
about - 18 DEG C for freezing purposes.<br />
Preferably, such
refrigerating appliances utilize one single-compressor refrigerating
circuit in which two evaporators associated with relevant storage and
freezer compartments are connected in series. An embodiment of this kind
is for instance disclosed in EP-A-0 298 349.<br />
The temperature in
the refrigerating appliance, determined by alternate operative and
inoperative phases of the compressor, is usually controlled by means of a
single thermostatic control device which is capable of sensing,
directly or indirectly, the temperature of the evaporator associated
with the storage compartment.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfV19vbtJvxQN6Jg4awZA-L6x-FqWz4sFF8CiqFZXMfcyQ3eSJ7DZIQA4NBqPpjuNHf-8-Q1GCGOTNUV6B0LLn4agOOdHLjbr2IBBd4n03JBcqSuu7ehfLthnMNX5P2cL0xt9uQdvSpOt5/s1600/IMGH_06706__F12M.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfV19vbtJvxQN6Jg4awZA-L6x-FqWz4sFF8CiqFZXMfcyQ3eSJ7DZIQA4NBqPpjuNHf-8-Q1GCGOTNUV6B0LLn4agOOdHLjbr2IBBd4n03JBcqSuu7ehfLthnMNX5P2cL0xt9uQdvSpOt5/s1600/IMGH_06706__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s1600/IMGH_06007.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>More particularly, the compressor is
actuated when the temperature of the storage compartment evaporator
exceeds a given maximum value and is deenergized, in order to perform a
corresponding defrost phase of the storage compartment evaporator, when
the above temperature falls below a predetermined minimum value. The
temperature inside the compartments depends on the ON/OFF ratio in the
operating cycle of the compressor, as well as on the general dimensions
of the refrigerating appliance, its loading conditions and the ambient
temperature.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwvDIe0B6oBfmR1_6enQWBZ0qf2D2QNZfzToL6VD0b78_DgjYEYBf_2Crj52kiWOdnQzZAXmtPeAQhBeBgePZKsYEC4aRtKx52ItBdinccmziQb3icGyy3mtUk6rIKbH16u4sk4sdoFFA_/s1600/IMGH_06708__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwvDIe0B6oBfmR1_6enQWBZ0qf2D2QNZfzToL6VD0b78_DgjYEYBf_2Crj52kiWOdnQzZAXmtPeAQhBeBgePZKsYEC4aRtKx52ItBdinccmziQb3icGyy3mtUk6rIKbH16u4sk4sdoFFA_/s1600/IMGH_06708__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
It is known, in this condition, that when the ambient
temperature is particularly low the thermostatic control device makes
the compressor run with correspondingly reduced operative phases with
respect to the inoperative phases, in order to maintain the
predetermined average temperature of approx. + 5 DEG C in the storage
compartment. Under these operating conditions, therefore, the freezer
compartment is likely to be cooled insufficiently by the associated
evaporator, with a consequent deterioration of the goods contained in
the freezer compartment itself. Anyway, the long inoperative phases of
the compressor in case of particularly low ambient temperature cause
undesirably wide temperature fluctuations to occur in both compartments,
and this is in contrast with a desirable correct operation.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
In
order to overcome the above drawbacks it is common practice to provide a
so-called "balancing" heating element (consisting of a heating
resistance, for example) in the storage compartment, the heating element
being controlled by the thermostatic control device to be actuated in
place of the compressor during the inoperative phases of the compressor
itself.<br />
The amount of heat generated by the balancing resistance
during the defrost phases of the storage compartment evaporator
artificially compensated for the low ambient temperature, in this way
promoting a better ratio between the ON and OFF phases of the
compressor, thus enabling the freezer compartment to be refrigerated
correctly and causing narrower temperature fluctuations to occur in both
compartments.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ZANUSSI) RI230/2T Temperature control for a cycle defrost refrigerator incorporating a roll-bonded evaporator :</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>A temperat<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfV19vbtJvxQN6Jg4awZA-L6x-FqWz4sFF8CiqFZXMfcyQ3eSJ7DZIQA4NBqPpjuNHf-8-Q1GCGOTNUV6B0LLn4agOOdHLjbr2IBBd4n03JBcqSuu7ehfLthnMNX5P2cL0xt9uQdvSpOt5/s1600/IMGH_06706__F12M.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfV19vbtJvxQN6Jg4awZA-L6x-FqWz4sFF8CiqFZXMfcyQ3eSJ7DZIQA4NBqPpjuNHf-8-Q1GCGOTNUV6B0LLn4agOOdHLjbr2IBBd4n03JBcqSuu7ehfLthnMNX5P2cL0xt9uQdvSpOt5/s1600/IMGH_06706__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s1600/IMGH_06007.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>ure control system for a refrigerator including a roll-bonded
evaporator in the fresh food compartment in which is formed a
non-refrigerant carrying passageway extending the full width of the
evaporator. A temperature control located in the compartment includes a
temperature sensitive capillary tube portion extending substantially the
full length of the passageway so as to be subjected to the limited
environment of the passageway and accordingly responsive to the true
temperature of the evaporator.<br />
<br />
1. A cycle defrost
household refrigerator including a cabinet having an upper lower
temperature food compartment and a lower relatively high temperature
food compartment, evaporator means for refrigerating said compartments
comprising: <br />
a first evaporator located in said low temperature
compartment and a second evaporator arranged substantially vertically in
said relatively high temperature compartment and connected to said
first evaporator in series refrigerant flow relationship; <br />
means
for supplying liquid refrigerant to said liquid carrying conduits in
said first and second sections in series and for withdrawing evaporated
refrigerant therefrom; <br />
a temperature control means in said high
temperature food compartment including a temperature sensitive
capillary tube portion having a length corresponding substantially to
the width of said second evaporator; <br />
said temperature control
being operabl<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaZOiAAxamB8Abr8jIpDc93QbKRMXIBcPSuVrMy6YBayyelBg8h4Tzgc-KrnQK7jQFoYvrOuQ7-7FJB27u8D6gYpISWcxr9uVe6nrbuqiYlAk2ExlBiFnXRvy0hpd8NYqQFT3hHcEy0UR/s1600/IMGH_06705__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaZOiAAxamB8Abr8jIpDc93QbKRMXIBcPSuVrMy6YBayyelBg8h4Tzgc-KrnQK7jQFoYvrOuQ7-7FJB27u8D6gYpISWcxr9uVe6nrbuqiYlAk2ExlBiFnXRvy0hpd8NYqQFT3hHcEy0UR/s1600/IMGH_06705__F12M.JPG" height="238" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>e by the coldest temperature sensed along the length of
said capillary for causing said compressor to cycle off to cause
defrosting of said section of said evaporator; <br />
a passageway
positioned in heat exchange relationship to said second evaporator
extending substantially the entire width between the vertical sides
thereof; <br />
said passageway having a cross-sectional dimension for
allowing insertion of said capillary tube portion to a position
substantially the full length of said passageway and for insuring
thermal relationship between said capillary tube portion and said
passageway so that said capillary tube portion is subjected to the
limited environment of said passageway and the temperature of said
second section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
2. The household refrigerator recited in claim 1 wherein
said passageway is arranged below the liquid carrying conduits.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
3. The household refrigerator recited in claim 2 wherein
said passageway is formed to include a central apex from which said
passageway extends downwardly and outwardly. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. The household refrigerator recited in claim 3 wherein
there is further provided a drain means located below said passageway
for receiving defrost water from said second section of said evaporator.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A cycle defrost household refrigerator including a
cabinet having an upper low temperature food compartment and a lower
relatively high <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwvDIe0B6oBfmR1_6enQWBZ0qf2D2QNZfzToL6VD0b78_DgjYEYBf_2Crj52kiWOdnQzZAXmtPeAQhBeBgePZKsYEC4aRtKx52ItBdinccmziQb3icGyy3mtUk6rIKbH16u4sk4sdoFFA_/s1600/IMGH_06708__F12M.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwvDIe0B6oBfmR1_6enQWBZ0qf2D2QNZfzToL6VD0b78_DgjYEYBf_2Crj52kiWOdnQzZAXmtPeAQhBeBgePZKsYEC4aRtKx52ItBdinccmziQb3icGyy3mtUk6rIKbH16u4sk4sdoFFA_/s1600/IMGH_06708__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>temperature food compartment, evaporator means for
refrigerating said compartments comprising: a one piece evaporator
formed of a pair of sheets roll-forged together to include liquid
carrying conduits between said sheets, said evaporator having a first
section located in said low temperature compartment formed in a U-shape
to include a back wall portion having substantially horizontally
extending upper and lower wall portions and having a second section
arranged substantially vertically in said relatively high temperature
compartment and connected to said first section by means of a relatively
narrow neck portion; <br />
means for supplying liquid refrigerant to
said liquid carrying conduits in said first and second sections in
series and for withdrawing evaporated refrigerant therefrom; <br />
a
temperature control means in said high temperature food compartment
including a temperature sensitive capillary tube portion having a length
corresponding substantially to the width of said second evaporator. <br />
said temperature control being operable by the coldest temperature
sensed along the length of said capillary for causing said compressor to
cycle off to cause defrosting of said section of said evaporator. <br />
a passageway formed between the pair of sheets of said second section
extending substantially the entire width between the vertical sides
thereof; <br />
said passageway having a cross-sectional dimension for
allowing insertion of said capillary tube portion to a position
substantially the full length of said passageway and insuring thermal
relationship between said capillary tube portion and said passageway so
that said capillary tube portion is subjected to the limited environment
of said passageway and the temperature of said second section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
6. The household refrigerator recited in claim 5 wherein
said passageway is arranged below the liquid carrying conduits.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
7. The household refrigerator recited in claim 6 wherein
said passageway is formed to include a central apex from which said
passageway extends downwardly and outwardly. <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. The household refrigerator recited in claim 7 wherein
there is further provided a drain means located below said passageway
for receiving defrost water from said second section of said evaporator.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix_7EPWu-Kej24PZvPs7cddlo4Hu1ppTuQ2JSst0yDjs-6uSQzrlZvU81TisCsAI5ZoyECvPhY8Yo1pSnG3_fUwqd4dk_cSawbY_o2fAEcdq3duj0gLsPjsBiVve2_HjA474mMyn8urjeT/s1600/IMGH_06709__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix_7EPWu-Kej24PZvPs7cddlo4Hu1ppTuQ2JSst0yDjs-6uSQzrlZvU81TisCsAI5ZoyECvPhY8Yo1pSnG3_fUwqd4dk_cSawbY_o2fAEcdq3duj0gLsPjsBiVve2_HjA474mMyn8urjeT/s1600/IMGH_06709__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a>The present
invention relates to cycle defrost refrigerator wherein defrost of the
fresh food compartment evaporator is accomplished during the c<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>ompressor
OFF cycle primarily by convection of the relatively warm above freezing
fresh food compartment air and through the heat leakage entering the
fresh food compartment and more particularly to a control system for a
cycle defrost refrigerator incorporating a roll-bond evaporator. <br />
Generally
in a cycle defrost refrigerator the temperature of the fresh food
compartment is maintained by sensing the true temperature of the
evaporator. This requires that the entire length of the thermostat
control capillary tube be maintained in heat exchange relationship with
the evaporator. Traditionally many cycle defrost refrigerators suffer
from the inability of the control capillary to sense the true fresh food
evaporator conditions under critical usage conditions. This often
results from the inconsistencies of arranging the control capillary tube
relative to the fresh food evaporator so that it will sense accurate
evaporator conditions. These control errors often result in residual
icing problems, premature compressor trip-offs, and a wide dispersal of
operating response characteristics. One common manner of securing the
control capillary to the evaporator to insure that the full length of
the capillary tube is in contact with the evaporator has been to employ a
plurality of clamps spaced along the entire length of the capillary
tube. This method requires the use of external parts and labor to secure
them to the evaporator and falls short of solving the problem since the
relatively small diameter capillary tube realistically cannot conform
to the surface of the evaporator.<br />
<br />
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4L9fl35aq5d_9RpSV8P17dnymi5zVofpVOiMIMDioQ3I4XeOwBHkPNhNjYOQCMNOE5MbmlHynRVREvauNWxS2V_GQyK9I7WGn3nD0KK5RTgiPqGjrCOhSzq0n1KbV_fczkGXHjzEkkPy/s1600/IMGH_06707__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4L9fl35aq5d_9RpSV8P17dnymi5zVofpVOiMIMDioQ3I4XeOwBHkPNhNjYOQCMNOE5MbmlHynRVREvauNWxS2V_GQyK9I7WGn3nD0KK5RTgiPqGjrCOhSzq0n1KbV_fczkGXHjzEkkPy/s1600/IMGH_06707__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a>An
object of the present invention is to provide a passageway which
extends across the full width of the roll-bonded plate evaporator and
whose cross-<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>sectional area assures introduction of the capillary tube to
a position occupying the full length of the passageway so that it is in
contact with the walls of the passageway. <br />
By the present
invention there is provided in a houshold refrigerator having an upper
low temperature food compartment and a lower relatively high temperature
food compartment including a one-piece evaporator for refrigerating the
compartments. The one piece evaporator is formed of a pair of sheets
roll-forged together to include liquid carrying conduits between the
sheets. The evaporator has a first section located in the low
temperature compartment and a second section arranged substantially
vertically in the relatively high temperature compartment and connected
to the first section by means of a relatively narrow neck portion. A
hermetic compressor supplies liquid refrigerant to the liquid carrying
conduits in the evaporator sections in series and for withdrawing
evaporated refrigerant therefrom. Located in the high temperature
compartment is a temperature control means including a temperature
sensitive capillary tube portion. A passageway is formed between the
pair of sheets of the second section of the evaporator. The passageway
is located below the liquid carrying conduits and extends between the
vertical edges of the second section. The passageway has a
cross-sectional area which is dimensioned to allow easy insertion of the
capillary tube to a position where it occupies substantially the full
length of the passageway while at the same time insuring accurate
thermal response between the temperature sensitive capillary tube
portion and passageway walls so that the capillary tube portion is
subjected to the limited environment of the passageway and accordingly
the true temperature of the second section of the evaporator.<br />
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS<br />
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a two compartment refrigerator incorporating the present invention; <br />
FIG.
2 is a partial front elevational view with the cabinet door removed
showing the lower compartment evaporator incorporating the present
invention; <br />
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view along line
3--3 of FIG. 2 showing the arrangement of the control tube in
conjunction with the illustrated embodiment of the present invention;
and <br />
FIG. 4 is a diagramatic showing of the one-piece two-section
evaporator incorporated in the embodiment of the present invention.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp7b-QFYb39wQ3FFbZeGmYqSCJmkuEeaBG6qU6-1tnuALx5ITBy3zYYpaBt-BBUkbcdi7gUmzwKyidB7ibGEgJRjUOMO3fhIc8L2msVNtBNbk4hchDJRKRs6CzLqDpwJwk3d9UxOhqjUBh/s1600/ROLL-BOND-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp7b-QFYb39wQ3FFbZeGmYqSCJmkuEeaBG6qU6-1tnuALx5ITBy3zYYpaBt-BBUkbcdi7gUmzwKyidB7ibGEgJRjUOMO3fhIc8L2msVNtBNbk4hchDJRKRs6CzLqDpwJwk3d9UxOhqjUBh/s320/ROLL-BOND-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION<br />
Referring
now to the drawing wherein a preferred embodiment of the invention has
been shown, reference numeral 10 generally designates a conventional
insulated refrigerator cabinet having a below freezing frozen food
compartment 12 disposed in the upper part of the cabinet, an above
freezing main food storage compartment 14 disposed below the freezer
compartment 12, and a machinery compartment 16 arranged in the bottom
portion of the cabinet. The frozen food compartment 12 is adapted to be
maintained at a temperature low enough to properly preserve frozen food
for long periods of time. Thus, the temperature therein is preferably
maintained somewhere between -10° F. and 10° F. The main food storage
compartment 14 is preferably maintained at temperatures above freezing
but low enough to properly refrigerate perishable unfrozen foods. It has
been found that temperatures in the range of 37° to 40 20 F. are most
satisfactory for this purpose. <br />
The compartments 12 and 14 are
refrigerated by a one-piece roll-forged evaporator including evaporators
sections 20 and 22 respectively which are connected in series flow in
the refrigerant circuit. The refrigerating system used for maintaining
the compartments 12 and 14 within the desired temperature ranges
mentioned above employs a conventional motor compressor unit 18 which is
adapted to be mounted in the machinery compartment 16 and which
discharges compressed refrigerant into the condenser 24 positioned
across the outside back wall of the refrigerator. Condense<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s1600/IMGH_06007.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>d liquid
refrigerant from the condenser 24 then flow thru a conventional
capillary tube (not shown) to the evaporator section 20 located in the
freezer compartment and then to the series connected evaporator section
22 located in the food storage compartment 14.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfV19vbtJvxQN6Jg4awZA-L6x-FqWz4sFF8CiqFZXMfcyQ3eSJ7DZIQA4NBqPpjuNHf-8-Q1GCGOTNUV6B0LLn4agOOdHLjbr2IBBd4n03JBcqSuu7ehfLthnMNX5P2cL0xt9uQdvSpOt5/s1600/IMGH_06706__F12M.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfV19vbtJvxQN6Jg4awZA-L6x-FqWz4sFF8CiqFZXMfcyQ3eSJ7DZIQA4NBqPpjuNHf-8-Q1GCGOTNUV6B0LLn4agOOdHLjbr2IBBd4n03JBcqSuu7ehfLthnMNX5P2cL0xt9uQdvSpOt5/s1600/IMGH_06706__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
The evaporators
sections 20 and 22 are fabricated from two superimposed planar sheets
made in one piece by a roll-forging operation. While the present
invention does not reside in a roll-forging method as such, a brief
general description of this method is included in order to facilitate a
complete understanding of all aspects of the invention. The pair of
sheets are superimposed upon one another with a pattern of stop-weld
material coated on the one sheet. The stop-weld material provided
between the sheets prevents the sheets from adhering to one another
throughout the coated area. Following the roll-forging operation fluid
under pressure is supplied between the sheets so as to dilate the sheets
for the purpose of forming refrigerant passages corresponding to the
pattern of the stop-weld material. The stop-weld material is so applied
that the internal refrigerant passages extend throughout the major
portion of the plate and in effect form two spaced evaporator sections
connected in series refrigerant flow relationship. A slot 26 is cut in
the composite plate after the roll-forging operation as shown in FIG. 4
so as to separate the evaporator section 20 from evaporator section 22
except at the narrow neck 28.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s1600/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s320/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
This narrow neck 28 includes a refrigerant
passages 30 (FIGS. 2 & 4), which connects the evaporator section 20
in series with the evaporator section 22. In installing the evaporator
sections 20 and 22 in the cabinet the evaporator section 22 may be
arranged as shown in FIG. 2 with its vertical side edges 32 adjacent to
side walls 34 of the food storage compartment cabinet and substantially
parallel to the rear wall of compartment 14 as shown in FIG. 1. The
evaporator section 20 as best shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 is folded into a
U-shape configuration including a back wall 36 and horizontally
extending top and bottom walls 38. It should be noted that other
configurations of the freezer compartment evaporator may be used in
conjunction with the present invention. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwvDIe0B6oBfmR1_6enQWBZ0qf2D2QNZfzToL6VD0b78_DgjYEYBf_2Crj52kiWOdnQzZAXmtPeAQhBeBgePZKsYEC4aRtKx52ItBdinccmziQb3icGyy3mtUk6rIKbH16u4sk4sdoFFA_/s1600/IMGH_06708__F12M.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwvDIe0B6oBfmR1_6enQWBZ0qf2D2QNZfzToL6VD0b78_DgjYEYBf_2Crj52kiWOdnQzZAXmtPeAQhBeBgePZKsYEC4aRtKx52ItBdinccmziQb3icGyy3mtUk6rIKbH16u4sk4sdoFFA_/s1600/IMGH_06708__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
The temperature of the
fresh food compartment 14 is regulated by a thermostatically operated
temperature control 40 mounted on one side wall 34 in the compartment
14. The control 40 includes a manually adjustable control knob 41 used
to select the fresh food compartment temperature and a control capillary
tube 42 arranged as will be explained fully to be in contact with the
lower portion of the evaporator section 22. The control 40 is used for
starting and stopping the motor compressor unit 18 in response to the
selected refrigeration requirements. The control 40 is of the type which
is adapted to close the circuit to the motor compressor unit 18 when
the temperature of the coldest portion of the control capillary 42 is a
few degrees above the melting temperature of the frost which may form on
the evaporator section 22 during the "ON" cycle of t<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>he compressor and
is adapted to open the circuit to the compressor when the temperature of
the coldest portion of the control capillary 42 approaches the selected
evaporator OFF temperature. The relative sizes of the evaporators 20
and 22 and the arrangement of the passages therein are such to provide
for automatic defrosting of the evaporator section 22 during the OFF
cycle without defrosting the evaporator section 20. It is important to
note that the control capillary 42 responds to evaporator temperatures
rather than the temperature of the air in the food compartment as it has
been found that the temperature of the air in the food storage
compartment may be maintained substantially between 37° and 40° F. at
all times even though the temperature of the evaporator 22 sensed by the
bulb 42 fluctuates over a wide range such as -6° F. to 37° F. The
temperature values given herein are primarily for purposes of
illustration and may be varied to suit different requirements. <br />
In
order for the capillary tube 42 to r<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s1600/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s320/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>espond to true evaporator
temperature rather than air temperature and to obtain accurate
temperature control it must control from the coldest point. In
conventional practice this can only be accomplished if the capillary
tube is securely and accurately positioned to be in direct contact with
the evaporator surface over its full intended sensing contact area or
length. To obtain uniform temperature calibrations for a multitude of
cabinets of the same type, it is necessary that the same predetermined
length of control bulb be arranged in heat exchange relationship with
the evaporator wall in each cabinet and that this entire length be in
heat relationship with the evaporator. <br />
By the present invention
the capillary tube 42 is positioned so as to respond to true evaporator
conditions. To this end an open non-refrigerant passageway 50 is formed
in the evaporator section 22. The passageway 50 as seen in FIG. 2 is
positioned below the lowermost refrigerant pass 52 and the lower edge 54
of the evaporator 22. The passageway 50 extends across the full width
of the evaporator and diverges downwardly and outwardly from a central
apex 56. The capillary tube 42 is inserted the full length of the
passageway 50 as shown by broken lines in FIG. 2 so as to be exposed to
temperatures across the full width of the evaporator. For example, the
temperature in the inlet area of refrigerant pass 52 might be different
than that in outlet area of pass 52. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4L9fl35aq5d_9RpSV8P17dnymi5zVofpVOiMIMDioQ3I4XeOwBHkPNhNjYOQCMNOE5MbmlHynRVREvauNWxS2V_GQyK9I7WGn3nD0KK5RTgiPqGjrCOhSzq0n1KbV_fczkGXHjzEkkPy/s1600/IMGH_06707__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4L9fl35aq5d_9RpSV8P17dnymi5zVofpVOiMIMDioQ3I4XeOwBHkPNhNjYOQCMNOE5MbmlHynRVREvauNWxS2V_GQyK9I7WGn3nD0KK5RTgiPqGjrCOhSzq0n1KbV_fczkGXHjzEkkPy/s1600/IMGH_06707__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a>The length and
cross-sectional area of the passageway 50 relative to the diameter and
length of capillary tube 42 is such that the capillary tube 42 may be
easily inserted therein while at the same time insuring that a thermal
relationship is maintained between the<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> capillary and evaporator. The
capillary 42 is so positioned in the passageway 50 that it sees only the
limited environment generated by the highly conductive walls of the
passageway. In the control employed in carrying out the present
invention the capillary controls from the coldest point along its
length. The arrangement of the capillary and passageway extending across
the evaporator insures that Off cycle will be initiated from coldest
point along the width of the evaporator which is below freezing and an
ON cycle which is initiated from the coldest part of the evaporator
which is above the freezing temperature. The passageway 50 as stated
above in effect creates an environment in which the capillary tube 40
can sense the true temperature of the evaporator. <br />
By the present
arrangement a constant temperature difference between the control
capillary and the evaporator is generated which insures a consistent
refrigeration cycle initiation and termination with respect to true
evaporator conditions such as overall average temperature and frost
conditions. <br />
The capillary tube due to its location below the
lowest refrigerant carrying pass senses the descending defrost water
which impinges on the outer surface of the passageway. The above
freezing temperature of the defrost water contacting the passageway 50
influences the temperature of the evaporator and accordingly the
temperature sensed by the capillary tube 42. Defrost water impinging on
the passageway 50 tends to flow downwardly toward the outer edges 32 and
into trough 58 where it flows into a drain tube 60 to be disposed of by
evaporation in the machine compartment 16 in any suitable manner (not
shown). <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaZOiAAxamB8Abr8jIpDc93QbKRMXIBcPSuVrMy6YBayyelBg8h4Tzgc-KrnQK7jQFoYvrOuQ7-7FJB27u8D6gYpISWcxr9uVe6nrbuqiYlAk2ExlBiFnXRvy0hpd8NYqQFT3hHcEy0UR/s1600/IMGH_06705__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaZOiAAxamB8Abr8jIpDc93QbKRMXIBcPSuVrMy6YBayyelBg8h4Tzgc-KrnQK7jQFoYvrOuQ7-7FJB27u8D6gYpISWcxr9uVe6nrbuqiYlAk2ExlBiFnXRvy0hpd8NYqQFT3hHcEy0UR/s1600/IMGH_06705__F12M.JPG" height="238" width="320" /></a>While in the embodiment shown a single or one-piece
evaporator is shown it<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> should be noted that evaporator sections 20 and
22 may be separately formed and connected by appropriate refrigerant
tubing. <br />
Further, the passageway 50 may be formed by brazing or
adhesively bonding a tube member to the plate evaporator. A tube so
bonded to the evaporator would create the same environment for the
capillary tube as formed passageway 50 does in that the capillary would
still be in a position to sense true evaporator temperature. <br />
It
should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiment
described heretofore is considered to be the presently preferred form of
this invention. In accordance with the Patent Statues, changes may be
made in the disclosed apparatus and the manner in which it is used
without actually departing from the true spirit and scope of this
invention. </div>
</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ZANUSSI) RI230/2T Method for making an improved evaporator. </b></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaZOiAAxamB8Abr8jIpDc93QbKRMXIBcPSuVrMy6YBayyelBg8h4Tzgc-KrnQK7jQFoYvrOuQ7-7FJB27u8D6gYpISWcxr9uVe6nrbuqiYlAk2ExlBiFnXRvy0hpd8NYqQFT3hHcEy0UR/s1600/IMGH_06705__F12M.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaZOiAAxamB8Abr8jIpDc93QbKRMXIBcPSuVrMy6YBayyelBg8h4Tzgc-KrnQK7jQFoYvrOuQ7-7FJB27u8D6gYpISWcxr9uVe6nrbuqiYlAk2ExlBiFnXRvy0hpd8NYqQFT3hHcEy0UR/s1600/IMGH_06705__F12M.JPG" height="238" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>A method for making an evaporator of the roll-bond type comprises a
first step of inserting a return pipe (1) into a passage (3) formed
between the two bonded sheets of the roll-bond evaporator (4), a second
step of compressing said passage (3) about the terminal portion (8) of
said return pipe so as to form a narrow and substantially annular space
(12) between said roll-bond passage (3) and a length of said return pipe
(1) inserted into said passage, and a subsequent third step consisting
of the injection of a semi-fluid substance having sealing and adhesive
properties into a further passage (9) obtained by suitably forming the
two roll-bonded sheets and having one of its ends provided with a port
(11) opening into said space (12), so that and until said substance
progressively fills all or part of its volume.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQEp6I4GccjQIkVxE4tryiR5lbeCq3OnU0XEY1glHkOhLnYmqNYZKjomkcy9QCWnSLEviIKCicQGrJja-NLV7CE14kEPvdJTQRgapB5QAVpyNMa5vuCR_Dt-NP5ns6dJfDupbC01FRtKXO/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQEp6I4GccjQIkVxE4tryiR5lbeCq3OnU0XEY1glHkOhLnYmqNYZKjomkcy9QCWnSLEviIKCicQGrJja-NLV7CE14kEPvdJTQRgapB5QAVpyNMa5vuCR_Dt-NP5ns6dJfDupbC01FRtKXO/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. A method for making an evaporator of the roll bond type,
particularly for use in domestic refrigerating appliances, with a frist
step comprising the insertion of a return pipe into a retrun passage
formed between the two bonded sheet layers of the roll bond evaporator, a
second step comprising the compression of said return passage about an
end portion of said return pipe so as to form a narrow substantially
annular space, preferably of a length of at least 20 mm, between the
inner wall of said return passage and the outer face of said return pipe
inserted therein, characterized by the provision of a third step
comprising the injection of a semi-fluid substance having sealing and
adhesive properties into a further passage (9) obtained by suitably
shaping the two sheet layers of the roll bond structure, said further
passage (9) having at one of its ends a port (11) opening into said
space (12), so that and until said substance progressively fills all or
part of the volume of said space. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that
said port (11) opens into said space (12) substantially adjacent the
bottom thereof. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that
said sealing substance is of the anaerobic polymerization type.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that
subsequent to the filling of said space (12), the corresponding area of
the roll bond structure is subjected to a heat treatment, preferably by
induction heating, for the polymerization of said sealing substance.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that
said induction heating step is carried out for an interval of about 10
to 20 seconds. <br />
<br clear="all" />
6. A method according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that said return pipe (1) is retained at a fixed
position within said passage (3) during the subsequent three steps of
the process. <br />
<br clear="all" />
7. A method according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the insertion of said return pipe (1) into said
passage (3) is carried out so as to avoid any contact between the two
components. <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that
said space (12) has a width of between o.2 and o.5 mm. <br />
<br clear="all" />
9. A refrigerating appliance provided with at least one
evaporator, characterized by being made with the employ of the method
according to any of the preceding claims. <br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
The invention relates to a method for fashioning a detail of
an evaporator of the roll bond type for use in a refrigerating
appliance, particularly of the domestic type, and to a refrigerating
appliance equipped with an evaporator fashioned by employing this
method.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaZOiAAxamB8Abr8jIpDc93QbKRMXIBcPSuVrMy6YBayyelBg8h4Tzgc-KrnQK7jQFoYvrOuQ7-7FJB27u8D6gYpISWcxr9uVe6nrbuqiYlAk2ExlBiFnXRvy0hpd8NYqQFT3hHcEy0UR/s1600/IMGH_06705__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaZOiAAxamB8Abr8jIpDc93QbKRMXIBcPSuVrMy6YBayyelBg8h4Tzgc-KrnQK7jQFoYvrOuQ7-7FJB27u8D6gYpISWcxr9uVe6nrbuqiYlAk2ExlBiFnXRvy0hpd8NYqQFT3hHcEy0UR/s1600/IMGH_06705__F12M.JPG" height="238" width="320" /></a></div>
The invention is in particular applicable to a
refrigerator of the static function type or the forced circulation type,
with a single capillary or twin capillaries. For the sake of
simplicity, the following description will refer to the single-capillary
type, it being understood, however, that the invention is similarly
applicable to refrigerating appliances having more than one evaporator
and a corresponding number of capillaries.<br />
In refrigerant circuits
for domestic refrigerating appliances of a known type, the capillary
and the return pipe are connected to the evaporator by means of a
"union" using a length of pipe, preferably aluminum pipe, to be inserted
into a suitable cavity formed between the two aluminum sheets of which
the well-known "roll bond" evaporator is composed.<br />
As generally
known, the employ of the roll bond technique permits the manufacture of
the refrigerant circuit to be greatly simplified, although there are
certain shortcomings known to those skilled in the art and relating to
the method employed for making and connecting the evaporator.<br />
As a
matter of fact, in known refrigerating appliances equipped with a roll
bond evaporator, the return pipe is compression-fitted thereto by
exclusively mechanical means. This fitting technique is unable, however,
to guarantee hermetic sealing at pressures of more than about 5
kp/cm<2>, so that under certain circumstances the high-pressure
fluid tends to leak from the mechanic connection and to thereby escape
from the refrigerant circuit.<br />
The gravest inconvenience resulting
from this technique is the possibility of the escape of gaseous
refrigerant into the ambient atmosphere. This is because the connection
of the return pipe to the return passage of the roll bond evaporator as
well as the connection of the capillary to the are generally
accomplished by the employ of well known procedures consisting in the
compression from the outside of determined portions of the roll bond
structure about the return pipe and the capillary at the locations of
the return passage and the inlet pasage, respectively, of the roll bond
evaporator.<br />
This compression-fitting process may be accompanied by
soldering the return pipe to the roll bond structure at the point of
entrance, or by the application of an adhesive having suitable
characteristics to the surface of the capillary and that of the return
pipe at the respective compression-fitting locations.<br />
The
discussed shortcomings derive from the fact that the soldering operation
is always a critical process with sometimes uncertain results, and in
any case rather costly. For this reason the soldering method is
whereever possible replaced by the application of adhesive at the
compression-fitting locations.<br />
On the other hand, however, the
application of an adhesive to the surface of the return pipe to be
inserted into the roll bond structure is not without problems caused for
instance by the formation of bubbles in the thin adhesive coating or by
the presence of adhesive-free areas resulting from the viscosity of the
adhesive or from the adhesive being scraped off by mutual contact
between complementary surfaces during the fitting process, which is
usually a manual operation. Finally, the manual application of the
adhesive may result in the presence of insufficient or excessive amount
of adhesive on different surface areas, giving rise to faulty sealing.<br />
The
escape of the gaseous refrigerant cannot always be detected in the
course of controls during the manufacturing process, particularly in the
case of extremely small leaks. The full impact of the defect is thus
noticed only after the refrigerating appliance has been put into use,
requiring the manufacturer to carry out extremely onerous and laborious
service operations, as well known by those skilled in the trade, without
any remedy in sight.<br />
The construction and maintenance of
refrigerating appliances of this type are thus rendered rather
complicated by the described operations which do not, moreover, lend
themselves to being readily automatized.<br />
It would therefore be
desirable, and is in fact an object of the present invention, to provide
a domestic refrigerating appliance in which the above discussed
shortcomings are avoided without incurring construction complications or
the necessity of novel technologies, so as to maintain low production
costs.<br />
These and other objects are attained in a refrigerating appliance as defined in the appended claims.<br />
The
invention will be more fully understood from the following description,
given by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings,
wherein: fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a first step in the
method according to the invention for sealingly connecting a return pipe
to a roll bond evaporator, fig. 2 shows a second step of said method,
and fig. 3 shows a third step of said method.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8AgM8pT56uXZpJUp8ebmxZ6Rk_xIJ9Ms-RllWFfkL1ZkWG-apLnbdYFU4J7doJWeYvfhsNj_wfIoN9cdM0h0SkHk6iKC-eMGPFQ8ulaYWAbUogg8XwxbQDjdBubJ7PCAtZUevPjI0kgwz/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8AgM8pT56uXZpJUp8ebmxZ6Rk_xIJ9Ms-RllWFfkL1ZkWG-apLnbdYFU4J7doJWeYvfhsNj_wfIoN9cdM0h0SkHk6iKC-eMGPFQ8ulaYWAbUogg8XwxbQDjdBubJ7PCAtZUevPjI0kgwz/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-2.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
The method according
to the invention is carried out in four distinct steps, the first one
of which comprises the insertion of a return pipe 1, with a capillary 2
enclosed therein, into a passage 3 formed between the two sheet layers
of a roll bond evaporator 4. The insertion of return pipe 1 into passage
3 has to be carried out in a manner ensuring that the two cylindrical
elements are maintained substantially coaxial with one another, or at
least with their respective surfaces out of contact with one another.<br />
To
this purpose the diameter of return pipe 1 is selected to be slightly
smaller than that of passage 3, so that a space 12 of preferably about
o.2 to o.5 is defined between the two respective surfaces.<br />
As
generally known, return pipe 1 is inserted to a predetermined position 5
of its inner end, while a certain length of capillary 2 projecting from
the end of return pipe 1 extends through a restriction 6 formed in a
linear extension 7 of return pipe receiving passage 3.<br />
This
positioning has to be maintained throughout the three subsequent steps
of the operation, but then the operations of inserting the components
and fixing them in position can be readily and fully automatised by one
skilled in the art.<br />
The second step comprises the compression of
passage 3 about an end portion 8 of return pipe 1, and of restriction 6
about capillary 2, and is performed in the conventional manner.<br />
The
third step of the process comprises the injection of a semi-fluid
substance having sealing and adhesive properties into a further passage 9
obtained by suitably shaping the two sheet layers of the roll bond
structure. As clearly shown in the drawings, possage 9 has an outwards
opening port 10 at one end, and at the other, a port 11 opening into the
narrow space 12 defined between passage 3 of the roll bond structure
and the length of return pipe 1 inserted thereinto.<br />
It is important that port 11 opens into the bottom portion of space 12 as shown in the drawings.<br />
The
pressure applied for the injection of the semi-fluid substance is
effective to ensure that the substance progressively and completely
fills space 12 so as to fully replace the air originally contained
therein, the length of space 12 having been selected with a view to
achieving a reliable sealing effect.<br />
It has thus been found that a
length of space 12 of at least 30 mm is sufficient to ensure such
reliable sealing effect to guard against gas losses, even when space 12
is not completely filled by the injected substance. Even when the air
has not been completely displaced from space 12, leaving a small air
pocket adjacent the closed end thereof, the desired sealing of the
connection will not be impaired.<br />
As a matter of fact, the hermetic
sealing of the connection is substanti<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaZOiAAxamB8Abr8jIpDc93QbKRMXIBcPSuVrMy6YBayyelBg8h4Tzgc-KrnQK7jQFoYvrOuQ7-7FJB27u8D6gYpISWcxr9uVe6nrbuqiYlAk2ExlBiFnXRvy0hpd8NYqQFT3hHcEy0UR/s1600/IMGH_06705__F12M.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaaZOiAAxamB8Abr8jIpDc93QbKRMXIBcPSuVrMy6YBayyelBg8h4Tzgc-KrnQK7jQFoYvrOuQ7-7FJB27u8D6gYpISWcxr9uVe6nrbuqiYlAk2ExlBiFnXRvy0hpd8NYqQFT3hHcEy0UR/s1600/IMGH_06705__F12M.JPG" height="238" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>ally brought about by the
injected adhesive substance forming an annular diaphragm between, and
bonded to, the outer wall surface of return pipe 1 and the inner wall
surface of passage 3, this diaphragm being impermeable to the passage of
gas from one side thereof to the other.<br />
The formation of an
annular diaphragm having the above described sealing properties is
ensured by the injection of the sealing substance through the port 11
located, as has been pointed out, closely adjacent the bottom of space
12.<br />
It is preferable to employ a substance of the anaerobic
polimerization type and of very low viscosity, and thus capable of
penetrating even the smallest gaps of space 12 by capillary action.<br />
Preferred
in any case is the employ of a monocomponent anaerobic polymerization
substance, for instance TOPFIX NA 84 supplied by CECA company, which
requires a certain time for setting at least to a degree permitting the
evaporator to be subsequently handled as for mounting it in a
refrigerating appliance, without thereby endangering the previously
obtained seal.<br />
Since this time interval is usually not available
in an automatized manufacturing process with high production rates, it
is advisable to provide a fourth step which consists in performing a
heat treatment of the area previously supplied with the sealing
substance, preferably by subjecting the respective area to induction
heating for a very short time, for instance 10 to 20 seconds, by the
employ of a technique generally known to those skilled in the art.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0XjJLEjc0_OUIrMQGUyRUmwQ5oltdm_XAgCmMC14r6gYqm4_ok4JJHDP-57Zc3lu0dK_8Hh_z3fTz8icW3p2lUptlmz5dGKpyHjFCkrzUypuX-AEx6YEI8mgo6MbvedgjsQR3ioSpbxNC/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0XjJLEjc0_OUIrMQGUyRUmwQ5oltdm_XAgCmMC14r6gYqm4_ok4JJHDP-57Zc3lu0dK_8Hh_z3fTz8icW3p2lUptlmz5dGKpyHjFCkrzUypuX-AEx6YEI8mgo6MbvedgjsQR3ioSpbxNC/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-3.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
At
the end of this short period, the return pipe is perfectly sealed to
the roll bond structure, so that the evaporator is ready for further
processing.<br />
The preceding description has been given on the
assumption that the capillary 2 is contained within the return pipe 1.
The teaching of the invention still holds valid, however, when the
capillary 2 is to be connected to the evaporator independently of the
return pipe.<br />
The described method is thus conducive to obtaining
the following advantages: a) Rapid establishment of the connection
between the return pipe and the evaporator without the need for sealing
gaskets or other auxiliary parts, and without the necessity of a
soldering step, b) Simplified processing of the roll bond structure, c)
Simplification and flexibility of the manufacturing process (to be
carried out in separate steps capable of automatization), d) Overall
economy of the manufacturing process. e) Above all, the quality of the
connection is greatly improved as regards the obtention of a reliable
seal, particularly with a view to not readily detectable slow leaks.<br />
It
is of course possible to design refrigerating appliances with
modifications of what has been described above within the purvieew of
the present invention.<br />
<br />
<b>REX (ZANUSSI) RI230/2T <span style="font-size: small;">DEVICE FOR DRAINING WATER FROM A REFRIGERATING APPARATUS ON DEFROSTING THEREOF:</span></b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4L9fl35aq5d_9RpSV8P17dnymi5zVofpVOiMIMDioQ3I4XeOwBHkPNhNjYOQCMNOE5MbmlHynRVREvauNWxS2V_GQyK9I7WGn3nD0KK5RTgiPqGjrCOhSzq0n1KbV_fczkGXHjzEkkPy/s1600/IMGH_06707__F12M.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4L9fl35aq5d_9RpSV8P17dnymi5zVofpVOiMIMDioQ3I4XeOwBHkPNhNjYOQCMNOE5MbmlHynRVREvauNWxS2V_GQyK9I7WGn3nD0KK5RTgiPqGjrCOhSzq0n1KbV_fczkGXHjzEkkPy/s1600/IMGH_06707__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>The invention relates to a device for draining water from a
refrigerating apparatus flowing from the evaporator thereof during the
defrosting phase. A device of this type essentially comprises a passage
extending through a wall of the apparatus and communicating with a
collecting receptacle for evaporating of the collected water. In known
devices of this type, the passage tends to become obstructed by food
particles, dust and the like carried in the drained water, necessitating
the passage to be regularly manually cleaned by the user. According to
the invention the passage has the approximate configuration of a venturi
nozzle, resulting in an air flow passing therethrough in opposite
directions as the door of the refrigerating apparatus is opened and
closed, whereby the passage is reliably kept free of obstructions.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgpElSVphWC5sKjALtzzVcmbCeigLp2Rx6_fIe5PrGCXNrKPielVwk4GfH4WF9A8UwE3m6b0WhC2XO67mL6i3Ac7sFfNkocTdJgjH2vv-JAj45H6tsTR7Tf9LTYhWXesRTKujrClpSmxT/s1600/IR023S-WATER--DEFROST-RECEPTACLE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgpElSVphWC5sKjALtzzVcmbCeigLp2Rx6_fIe5PrGCXNrKPielVwk4GfH4WF9A8UwE3m6b0WhC2XO67mL6i3Ac7sFfNkocTdJgjH2vv-JAj45H6tsTR7Tf9LTYhWXesRTKujrClpSmxT/s1600/IR023S-WATER--DEFROST-RECEPTACLE.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. Device for Draining Water from a Refrig erating
Apparatus on Defrosting Thereof Patent Claim A device for draining water
from the evaporator of a refrigerting apparatus on defrosting thereof,
said device comprising a water collecting receptacle located below said
.vporator and dimensioned in conformity to said evaporator, a duct
portion connected to said receptacle and paasng at least partially
through a respective thermo-insulated wall of said apparatus, and
optionally a drain conduit communicating with said duct portion and
extending along the outer surface of said wall, said conduit terminating
adjacent a further water collecting receptacle located in the lower
portion of said apparatus, characterlged in that said duct portion (10)
is of conical. configuration converging towards said wall (11) so as to
define a passage (12) of reduced cross-sectional area, and in that there
is provided at least one profile element (114) adapted to be secured
through said wall (11) together with said duct portion (10), said
profile element (114) being formed with a first conical portion (15)
adapted to receive said duct portion (10) therein, and a second conical
portion (16) converging towards said first conical portion (15) and
formed with a projecting lip (17) at a position above said conduit (21).
<br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
Device for Draining Water from a Refrig erating Apparatus
on Defrosting Thereof Description The present invention relates to a
simple device for collecting the water set free by defrosting the
evaporator of a refrigerating apparatus and for draining such water to
the exterior of the apparatus.<br />
As generally known the defrosting
of the evaporator of a refrigerating apparatus is normally carried out
by utilizing the heat produced by suitable electric heater elements
disposed in heat-conducting contact with the evaporator, such heater
elements being periodically energized and deenergized by thermostatic
control means ip response to the terperature sensed thereby.<br />
The
water set free by the defrosting operation is usually collected in at
least one receptacle disposed below the evaporator and dimensioned in
conformity therewith. The collected water is then drained to the
exterior of the apparatus through a cylindrical passage having a small
cross-sectional area connected to the receptacle and extending through
the rear wall of the apparatus.<br />
The passage itself is connected to
a further conduit having a larger cross-sectional area and extending
vertically along 'the outer surface of the rear wall to terminate
adjacent a further collecting receptacle provided in a lower part of the
apparatus.<br />
The water contained in the further receptacle is then
progressively evaporated by the heat produced by the condenser of the
apparatus, the latter being disposed along the outer surface of the rear
wall of the apparatus and extending partially into the further
receptacle.<br />
In another embodiment the further receptacle is shaped
to conform to a top portion of the compressor and disposed in
heat-translttlng contact therewith, so that the water contained therein
is progressively evaporated by the heat transmitted from the compressor
to the receptacle, If in an apparatus of the type described the water
collected in the receptacle contained within the refrigerating cell
below the evaporator contains any food particles, dust or the like, the
described passage and conduit tend to become clogged after some time, so
that the water can no longer be drained from the interior of the
refrigerating apparatus.<br />
As a result, the water will overflow into the interior of the refrigerating cell, with the resultant annoyance to the user.<br />
To
avoid this troublesome occurrence, known refrigerating appliances are
supplied with a small hand tool which may be inserted into the bores of
the passage and/or conduit for cleaning them of obstructions of the type
described above.<br />
In practical use it has been found, however,
that satisfactory results are only to be obtained if the user cleans the
passage and/or conduit at regular intervals in accordance with the
instructions by the manufacturer of the appliance.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4L9fl35aq5d_9RpSV8P17dnymi5zVofpVOiMIMDioQ3I4XeOwBHkPNhNjYOQCMNOE5MbmlHynRVREvauNWxS2V_GQyK9I7WGn3nD0KK5RTgiPqGjrCOhSzq0n1KbV_fczkGXHjzEkkPy/s1600/IMGH_06707__F12M.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4L9fl35aq5d_9RpSV8P17dnymi5zVofpVOiMIMDioQ3I4XeOwBHkPNhNjYOQCMNOE5MbmlHynRVREvauNWxS2V_GQyK9I7WGn3nD0KK5RTgiPqGjrCOhSzq0n1KbV_fczkGXHjzEkkPy/s1600/IMGH_06707__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a></div>
On the other
hand, however, the cleaning operation is often carried out in an erratic
fashion or not at all, resulting in the passage and/or conduit becoming
permanently obstructed, necessitating their replacement or repair by
skilled service personnel.<br />
The present invention aims at avoiding
the occurrence of this trouble yb providing a device for draining the
water from a refrigerating apparatus set free by defrosting there of,
the main object of the invention being the provision of such a device of
simple construction and simple and reliable operation, which is
effective to prevent the formation of obstructions of the above
described type without requiring any intervention on the user's part as
in known appliances of this type.<br />
These and other objects are
attained according to the invention in a device for draining water from a
refrigerating apparatus on defrosting the evaporator thereof,
comprising a water collecting receptacle located below the evaporator
and dimensioned in conformity thereto, a duct portion connected to said
receptacle and passing at least partially through a respective
thermo-insulated wall of the apparatus, and optionally a drain conduit
communicating with said duct portion and extending along the outer
surface of said wall to terminate adjacent a further water collecting
receptacle disposed in a lower portion of the apparatus In accordance
with the invention, a device of the type defined above is characterized
in that said duct portion is of conical configuration converging towards
said wall so as to define a passage of diminishing cross-sectional
area,<br />
and in that there is provided at least one profile element
adapted to be secured through said wall together with said duct portion,
said profile element being formed with a first conical portion adapted
to receive said duct portion therein, and a second conical portion
converging towards said first conical portion and formed with a
projecting lip at a position above said drain conduit.<br />
The
specific construction of the device according to the invention ensures
that the passages thereof are effectively cleaned of any food particles,
dust and the like, without manual intervention by the user, on each
opening and closing operation of the door of the refrigerating apparatus
by the air flowing through the passage on each such opening and closing
operation.<br />
The characteristics and advantages of the invention
will become more clearly evident from the following description, given
by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
fig. 1 shows a diagrammtical cross-sectional view of a refrigerating
apparatus equipped with a draining device according to the invention,
and fig. 2 shows an enlarged detail of fig. 1.<br />
A refrigeratign
apparatus shown in the drawings is in the form of a domestic
refrigerator 3 having a body 4 enclosing a refrigerating cell 5, and a
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgpElSVphWC5sKjALtzzVcmbCeigLp2Rx6_fIe5PrGCXNrKPielVwk4GfH4WF9A8UwE3m6b0WhC2XO67mL6i3Ac7sFfNkocTdJgjH2vv-JAj45H6tsTR7Tf9LTYhWXesRTKujrClpSmxT/s1600/IR023S-WATER--DEFROST-RECEPTACLE.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgpElSVphWC5sKjALtzzVcmbCeigLp2Rx6_fIe5PrGCXNrKPielVwk4GfH4WF9A8UwE3m6b0WhC2XO67mL6i3Ac7sFfNkocTdJgjH2vv-JAj45H6tsTR7Tf9LTYhWXesRTKujrClpSmxT/s1600/IR023S-WATER--DEFROST-RECEPTACLE.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a>door 6 hinged to the forward portion of body 4 for opening and closing
cell 5 from in front of the apparatus.<br />
Disposed in cell 5 is at
least one evaporator 7 secured i a conventional manner to a rear wall 8
thereof. Below evaporator 7 rear wall 8 is integrally forked with a
water collecting receptacle 9 dimensioned in conformity to evaporator 7.<br />
Receptacle
9 serves the purpose of collecting the water leaking down from
evaporator 7 when the latter is defrosted by means of conventional
heater elements (not shown), and to direct the collected water to the
exterior of the apparatus in a manner to be described.<br />
The lower
part of receptacle 9 is integrally formed with a duct portion 10 of
conical configuration converging towards the thermo-insulated rear wall
11 of the apparatus (fig. 2).<br />
Duct portion 10 is of a length
permitting it to extend partially through rear wall 11, and is formed
with a passage 12 of diminishing cross-sectional area.<br />
Inserted
between the inner panel 8 and an outer panel 13 of rear wall 11 is a
profile element 14 cooperating with duct portion 10.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw39wwccf_q_tmx-A3lttNmtrtBiT0jFpR40OjjD_H6Su7A7hv1XwoLTz_28JE9Kkgw8E63_PZjuGlRvPg84lV0Ps-NF0AE7kmhfndqbz2t95myN-R-912TIgG09ALmmEThMPlCjF834e4/s1600/IMGH_06704__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw39wwccf_q_tmx-A3lttNmtrtBiT0jFpR40OjjD_H6Su7A7hv1XwoLTz_28JE9Kkgw8E63_PZjuGlRvPg84lV0Ps-NF0AE7kmhfndqbz2t95myN-R-912TIgG09ALmmEThMPlCjF834e4/s1600/IMGH_06704__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a>Profile
element 14 has a first conical portion 15 dimensioned for receiving at
least part of duct portion 10 therein, and a second conical portion 16
converging towards first conical portion 15 and formed with a projecting
lip 17. Planar wall portions 18, 19 and 20 of profile element 14 permit
the latter to be positioned in and secured to rear wall 11 of the
refrigerating apparatus.<br />
Profile element 14 is mounted in rear
wall 11 by first pushing first conical portion 15 onto duct portion 10,
followed by engaging wall portions 18 and 19 with outer rear wall panel
13, and wall portion 20 with inner rear wall panel 8 A further conduit
21 is secured in a con ventional manner tc the outer surface of outer
rear wall panel 13 at a position below projecting lip 17 of profile
element 124.<br />
As shown in fig. 1, conduit 21 terminates at its
lower end adjacent a further collecting receptacle 22 mounted on a cover
23 of the compressor 24 of the refrigerating appar-atus and shaped to
closely conform to said cover.<br />
Receptacle 22 is thus in
heat-transmitting contact with compressor 24, so that the heat emitted
by the latter is used for evaporating the water collected in receptacle
22.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a>Receptacle 22 is preferably provided with a partition 25 for preventing the water from splashing over the rim of the receptacle.<br />
If
there is only a very small vertical distance between lip 17 of profile
element 14 and receptacle 22, conduit 21 may be eliminated, so that the
water flows directly into the receptacle.<br />
On the other hand,
receptacle 22 may of course be of different design and located at other
positions as in known refrigerating appliances, as long as proper
evaporation of the collected water is ensured.<br />
The formation of
the restricted passage 12 at the point of convergence of conical
portions 15 and 16 of profile element 14 results in the drain passage
being effectively cleaned of food particles, dust and the like carried
in the water set free by the defrosting operation, so that such water is
alway reliably drained into collecting receptacle 22.<br />
This
cleaning operation takes place in an automatic manner on each opening
and closing operation of door 6 as a result of air flowing through
passage 12 in the directions of arrows A and B. respectively.<br />
The
water draining device according to the invention is of simple
construction and reliable operation, and does not require manual
intervention on the user's part for cleaning passage 12, so that the
disadvantages and shortcomings of prior art draining devices are
effectively eliminated.<br />
<br />
<b> </b>ZANUSSI MEL <b>ZEM E44601 R12, HERMETIC COMPRESSOR INTERNAL VIEW.</b><br />
<br />
<i>Note: Picture showing a bigger model but equivalent construction taken as example. </i><b><br /></b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s1600/IMGH_05854.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s320/IMGH_05854.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfU_CoDNYRk5YBOJaXSHj3WAR8-XYoOzk9E08p3nnBKcGeMZTb0yOzjrg2LPXGCDvaXeL4Q9-5qQp42qFvK3pVW4GyqIAqfVSJFdbgH3sLvlOXu3OopOvvRA7ikh2M6TJKELJfKto71ZFZ/s1600/IMGH_05847.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfU_CoDNYRk5YBOJaXSHj3WAR8-XYoOzk9E08p3nnBKcGeMZTb0yOzjrg2LPXGCDvaXeL4Q9-5qQp42qFvK3pVW4GyqIAqfVSJFdbgH3sLvlOXu3OopOvvRA7ikh2M6TJKELJfKto71ZFZ/s320/IMGH_05847.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYluQYMx6QejAGW_tO2nZ97_oz2eLWUEOEcf6cKOdIbJBohs-xKr9SY_pec_f4wiBS553SokkeXpiORwEjYU7Xa2s31MmF20hG9JvoARzPz2PiRXXg6XRype1L4qmE77RQHHQfmBfmmalC/s1600/IMGH_05848.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYluQYMx6QejAGW_tO2nZ97_oz2eLWUEOEcf6cKOdIbJBohs-xKr9SY_pec_f4wiBS553SokkeXpiORwEjYU7Xa2s31MmF20hG9JvoARzPz2PiRXXg6XRype1L4qmE77RQHHQfmBfmmalC/s320/IMGH_05848.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibFByjq0213TzQ22yMExmmxzYHHHs5aajWCWiR_QIsHgMRqgdaZf_FodkGnZC2ADvq4a_O_OoXxg8eG0BAJCmydKjRIqIcnLGAuHGV-sBVxLWdXzIMhGFDjBiTluC0jPWgQfJTOzzcXR3r/s1600/IMGH_05849.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibFByjq0213TzQ22yMExmmxzYHHHs5aajWCWiR_QIsHgMRqgdaZf_FodkGnZC2ADvq4a_O_OoXxg8eG0BAJCmydKjRIqIcnLGAuHGV-sBVxLWdXzIMhGFDjBiTluC0jPWgQfJTOzzcXR3r/s320/IMGH_05849.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ5eDu1mFg3oAeRmqucTQRLxghNQiBn6BENSeaQuIcrOZg9VeNgsC6cBtmibkElKd8hG92rhLXRvlSCzoJoNfXdBPHPmkb1fJxhPd_VzvxWIYps1-5quCZu40xVrbzfhWxiZ4na0lBu8WY/s1600/IMGH_05850.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ5eDu1mFg3oAeRmqucTQRLxghNQiBn6BENSeaQuIcrOZg9VeNgsC6cBtmibkElKd8hG92rhLXRvlSCzoJoNfXdBPHPmkb1fJxhPd_VzvxWIYps1-5quCZu40xVrbzfhWxiZ4na0lBu8WY/s320/IMGH_05850.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXmz2JnBJE5KhwCJsFNm9r-tl6g1tzJJ25zKkS9Rg1TjTpLisT58R89_zInJrIDyhyd7hl8xujwEcdxSW5CxXIbuaM_sWHbITdsm0EIjT-M8iOhpvMeN673983aFATwIYGmLVaSMDyeW3V/s1600/IMGH_05846.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXmz2JnBJE5KhwCJsFNm9r-tl6g1tzJJ25zKkS9Rg1TjTpLisT58R89_zInJrIDyhyd7hl8xujwEcdxSW5CxXIbuaM_sWHbITdsm0EIjT-M8iOhpvMeN673983aFATwIYGmLVaSMDyeW3V/s320/IMGH_05846.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN4WzgsWIQvyLawbL7gLn7Wo_e-ONhBWxVUUrCYcXJYVdPU4yID6j1C_F_vgJO9kbAH5GLMsyhe47g6HpwV8VyQra9bJfq9k9MH2SkmVUkOoruSa9wbzAn2a6yf90jNnBdetzdkJjs2Si/s1600/IMGH_05853.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN4WzgsWIQvyLawbL7gLn7Wo_e-ONhBWxVUUrCYcXJYVdPU4yID6j1C_F_vgJO9kbAH5GLMsyhe47g6HpwV8VyQra9bJfq9k9MH2SkmVUkOoruSa9wbzAn2a6yf90jNnBdetzdkJjs2Si/s320/IMGH_05853.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_iW6BsI_Ih8iRxJ8oz_UcpanW1wXIJcVUl1yCU_iewSmx3Jv1FtZcNuPwLoVeccikVnP1kl9CVWX51azzznvapjxdwhEBaE-rtrDM_EI0A234FbPAeOiMHQT5IKn2TnDLkOF73up0vgr/s1600/IMGH_05845.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_iW6BsI_Ih8iRxJ8oz_UcpanW1wXIJcVUl1yCU_iewSmx3Jv1FtZcNuPwLoVeccikVnP1kl9CVWX51azzznvapjxdwhEBaE-rtrDM_EI0A234FbPAeOiMHQT5IKn2TnDLkOF73up0vgr/s320/IMGH_05845.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s1600/IMGH_05851.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s320/IMGH_05851.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s1600/IMGH_05852.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s320/IMGH_05852.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> REX (ZANUSSI) RI230/2T </b></span><b>ZANUSSI MEL ZEM E44601 R12</b><span style="font-size: small;"><b>. </b><b>HERMETIC COMPRESSOR </b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Lubrication of sealed compressor: </b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_iW6BsI_Ih8iRxJ8oz_UcpanW1wXIJcVUl1yCU_iewSmx3Jv1FtZcNuPwLoVeccikVnP1kl9CVWX51azzznvapjxdwhEBaE-rtrDM_EI0A234FbPAeOiMHQT5IKn2TnDLkOF73up0vgr/s1600/IMGH_05845.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_iW6BsI_Ih8iRxJ8oz_UcpanW1wXIJcVUl1yCU_iewSmx3Jv1FtZcNuPwLoVeccikVnP1kl9CVWX51azzznvapjxdwhEBaE-rtrDM_EI0A234FbPAeOiMHQT5IKn2TnDLkOF73up0vgr/s320/IMGH_05845.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>Improved lubrication of sealed compressors having a crankshaft provided
with a longitudinal interior duct and a tubular member coupled to a
lower end of the interior duct and having a substantially cylindrical
upper section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil. An upper end of the internal lubrication duct ends in a
first substantially conical section and a second substantially
cylindrical section of variable contour depending upon the profile of
the upper end of the crankshaft. A spring may also be situated inside of
the tubular member. </div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>1. In a sealed
compressor including a sealed casing in which an alternating
motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the assembly including a
vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a longitudinal interior
lubrication duct communicating with points on an exterior surface of the
crankshaft and with an upper end of the same eccentrically to the axis
of rotation thereof, said assembly also including a tubular member
coupled to a lower end of said interior duct of the crankshaft and
comprising a substantially cylindrical upper section and a substantially
conical lower section adapted to be submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first
substantially conical section and a second substantially cylindric<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s1600/IMGH_05851.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s320/IMGH_05851.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>al
section of variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of
the crankshaft, and <br />
the profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft cutting the duct at a transition point between the second
substantially cylindrical section of variable contour and the first
substantially conical section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>2. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of a
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
formed as a closed loop ending with a lower leg extending towards the
lower substantially conical portion of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
3. In a sealed compres<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s1600/IMGH_05852.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s320/IMGH_05852.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>sor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on a
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped as a substantially inverted U with two arms and bent according to
a profile of the lower conical section of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
4. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
w<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN4WzgsWIQvyLawbL7gLn7Wo_e-ONhBWxVUUrCYcXJYVdPU4yID6j1C_F_vgJO9kbAH5GLMsyhe47g6HpwV8VyQra9bJfq9k9MH2SkmVUkOoruSa9wbzAn2a6yf90jNnBdetzdkJjs2Si/s1600/IMGH_05853.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN4WzgsWIQvyLawbL7gLn7Wo_e-ONhBWxVUUrCYcXJYVdPU4yID6j1C_F_vgJO9kbAH5GLMsyhe47g6HpwV8VyQra9bJfq9k9MH2SkmVUkOoruSa9wbzAn2a6yf90jNnBdetzdkJjs2Si/s320/IMGH_05853.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>hich an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, and <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped substantially as a U with upper free ends joined together and a
lower end shaped according to a profile of the lower conical section of
the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
5. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly inc<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s1600/IMGH_05854.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s320/IMGH_05854.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a>luding a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
formed as a closed loop ending with a lower leg extending towards the
lower substantially conical portion of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>6. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-drive compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped as a substantially inverted U with two arms bent according to a
profile of the lower conical section of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
7. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof. the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped substantially as a U with upper free ends joined together and a
lower end shaped according to a profile of the lower conical section of
the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION<br />
The present invent<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s1600/IMGH_05854.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s320/IMGH_05854.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a>ion relates to improvements in the lubrication system of sealed compressors for cooling fluids. <br />
Sealed
compressors for cooling fluids are known which include a sealed casing
with an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly housed in the
interior thereof, the assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft
provided with a longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating
with various points on the exterior surface of the crankshaft and with
an upper end of the same, eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof.
The assembly also includes a tubular device coupled to a lower end of
the interior duct of the crankshaft, such tubular device having a first
upper section substantially cylindrical and a second substantially
conical section with an end having an orifice for the introduction of
oil. <br />
In such compressors, the oiling of the parts that are in
friction is accomplished by means of the oil fluid supplied by the
tubular device, which, when rotating and immersed in an oil mass,
produces by centrifugal force the raising of the oil through the
interior duct of the crankshaft towards the oiling points of the
mechanism. Part of the oil exits out of the eccentric orifice at the
upper end of the crankshaft, propelled against the interior surface of
the sealed casing of the compressor. <br />
There are various patents
that disclose particular details of this oiling or lubricating system.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,410,478 discloses a cylindrical tubular device joined by
a conical section, as well as a wall placed in the interior of the
tubular device acting as a gate, such a wall being costly to construct.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,451,615 discloses a lateral outflow passage from an
eccentric upper section of the interior duct of the crankshaft.<br />
<br />
Lastly,
Spanish Patent No. 504,039 discloses a channel in the extreme upper
face of the crankshaft, arguing the lower cost of constructing such a
channel in relation to the lateral outflow passage disclosed in the
aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,451,615. <br />
It has been possible to
confirm that the current solutions of tubular pumping devices lose part
of their effectiveness as the compressor's operating temperature rises.
Under these conditions, the fluidity of the oil mass deposited in the
housing of the compressor reaches a point such that the oil mass loses
velocity of rotation in relation to the velocity of rotation of the
tubular device. Such device loses effectiveness as a centrifugal pump
due to sliding between the interior wall of the tubular device and the
layer of oil in contact with the wall. <br />
The aforementioned
interior wall that acts as a gate may, in part, solve the problem
described, but it has the drawback of having a high cost of
construction. Moreover, the orifice at the upper end of the crankshaft
should have a certain form, so that the oil that exits therefrom has
sufficient force to be propelled against the interior wall of the sealed
casing of the compressor. This certain form, in the compressors that
are known, entails significant difficulties in construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION<br />
With the improvements of the invention, the noted drawbacks can be eliminated. <br />
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to elim<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s1600/IMGH_05851.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s320/IMGH_05851.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>inate the drawbacks noted above with respect to the prior art. <br />
It is also an object of the present invention to simplify the lubrication of compressors. <br />
It is another object of the present invention to lower manufacturing cost of a lubrication system for compressors. <br />
It
is a further object of the present invention to compensate for the
decrease in oil viscosity caused by a rise in temperature in the
lubrication system of a compressor. <br />
These and other objects are
attained by the present invention which is directed to improvements in
the lubrication system of compressors for cooling fluids. According to
the present invention, the upper end of the interior lubrication duct in
a crankshaft of the compressor ends in a first substantially conical
section and a second substantially cylindrical section of variable
contour depending upon the profile of the upper end of the crankshaft.
This distinct configuration of the upper end of the lubrication duct
offers the advantage of greater simplicity in construction and
consequently a lower manufacturing cost, while at the same time
maintaining the same efficiency as other current forms of more
complicated configuration. <br />
Advantageously, the tubular device,
which is coupled to the lower end of the interior duct of the
crankshaft, is provided in its interior with a spring formed by an
elastic and resistant wire affixed by means of pressure and by insertion
of a part of the spring in a substantially conical section of the
tubular device or member submerged in oil (the tubular devic<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s1600/IMGH_05852.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s320/IMGH_05852.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>e comprises a
first substantially cylindrical upper section and a second
substantially conical lower section adapted to be inserted into oil).
The part of the spring submerged in the oil acts as a paddle propelling
the oil, and thereby compensating for decrease in oil viscosity caused
by the temperature. <br />
The aforementioned spring may have various
forms or structures in accordance with the present invention. In one
embodiment, the spring forms a closed loop which ends with a lower leg
thereof extending towards the lower substantially conical portion of the
tubular device or member. In a second embodiment, the spring takes the
form of two arms making a substantially inverted U, and bent according
to the conical profile of the tubular device. In another embodiment, the
spring takes the form of two arms shaped in a U and bent according to
the conical profile of the tubular device and with the free ends thereof
joined at the upper portion thereof. <br />
All the noted spring shapes
may be constructed with wire having a circular or a square
cross-section so as to improve the attachment thereof within the
interior of the tubular device or member.<br />
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS<br />
For
a fuller understanding thereof, the present invention will be described
in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which certain embodiments of the present invention are schematically
illustrated and to which the present invention is not intended to be
exclusively restricted. <br />
In the drawings, <br />
FIG. 1
illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of a sealed compressor of
cooling fluids, in which the improvements according to the present
invention are applied; <br />
FIG. 2 is a partially sectional side view
of a crank shaft and of a tubular device having the improvements
according to the present invention; and <br />
FIGS. 3 and 4 each illustrate springs for the tubular device illustrated in FIG. 2.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7VV6oJDWcxqVWPE1V6YOvwwuv7JMjP-vkycM7mxcEPfZ37G29TcU9rklSfRK_lk6ArrDjaz329Z7Zsi1qE-BFLb0whKY7MArRdvVIVQKvpXOia67jeF4QXmhANIpoKuO7zIakCtdJdN0a/s1600/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7VV6oJDWcxqVWPE1V6YOvwwuv7JMjP-vkycM7mxcEPfZ37G29TcU9rklSfRK_lk6ArrDjaz329Z7Zsi1qE-BFLb0whKY7MArRdvVIVQKvpXOia67jeF4QXmhANIpoKuO7zIakCtdJdN0a/s320/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS<br />
Referring
to FIG. 1, a compressor 1 includes a sealed casing 2 with an
alternating motor-driven compressor assembly housed in the interior
thereof, the assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft 3 provided
with a longitudinal interior lubrication duct 4 (FIG. 2) communicating
with various points 5,6 on the exterior surface of the crankshaft 3, and
with the upper end 7 of the same, eccentrically to the axis of rotation
thereof. The assembly also includes a tubular device 8 coupled to a
lower end of the interior duct 4 of the crankshaft 3, the tubular device
8 comprising a first upper section 9 that is substantially cylindrical
and a second lower substantially conical section 10 to be submerged in
oil. <br />
As can be seen in FIG. 2, the upper end 7 of the lubrication
duct 4 terminates in a first substantially conical section 11 and a
second substantially cylindrical section 12 of variable contour
depending upon the profile 13 of the upper end 7 of the crankshaft 3. <br />
As
also illustrated in FIG. 2, the tubular device 8 is provided in the
interior with a spring 14 formed by an elastic and resistant wire, e.g.
of tempered steel, and affixed by means of pressure and by insertion of
part of the spring in the conical section 10 of the tubular device or
member 8 which is adapted to be submerged in the oil. As shown in FIG.
2, the spring 14 takes the form of two arms 15 and 16 shaped into an
inverted U and bent at points 17 and 18 according to the conical profile
of the tubular device or member 8. <br />
In FIG. 3, the spring 14
forms a closed loop 19 ending with a lower leg 20 thereof extending
towards the lower conical part 10 of the tubular device 8.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-X6348kKhfNsjBT4Cj1MTMNep4CXCswQExUwrxQyTEKNmQczO1LVqX77TI9lkAlwD1cqqLqkW6zvrI8pcbVRhW9xK1gEHyVHDhqQJCO7dJE6xmZV6Aclh6ZxsHnV1ip7Tm3I9jZQliwCE/s1600/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-X6348kKhfNsjBT4Cj1MTMNep4CXCswQExUwrxQyTEKNmQczO1LVqX77TI9lkAlwD1cqqLqkW6zvrI8pcbVRhW9xK1gEHyVHDhqQJCO7dJE6xmZV6Aclh6ZxsHnV1ip7Tm3I9jZQliwCE/s320/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
The
spring illustrated in FIG. 4 takes the form of two arms 21 and 22 in the
shape of a U bent at points 23 and 24 according to the conical profile
of the tubular device 8 (i.e. the lower substantially conical section 10
thereof) and with the free ends 25 and 26 thereof joined at the upper
portion as illustrated. <br />
As described above, the springs are
introduced into the tubular device 8 with the lower portion thereof
situated in the conical section 10 to be submerged in oil. When the
crankshaft 3 rotates, driven by the rotor of the electrical motor, the
tubular device 8 rotates along with spring 14, with the lower part of
the spring submerged in oil acting as a paddle. <br />
The
characteristic form 11 of the outflow orifice in the upper end 7 of the
lubrication duct 4 permits the oil that flows through the eccentric duct
4 to be propelled in a continuous jet against the interior wall of the
casing 2. <br />
It follows from the description above that the
improvements according to the present invention allow for enhancement in
the lubrication of the crankshaft and in the propulsion of oil against
the interior wall of the casing 2 due to the springs 14 acting as
paddles, and allows for a reduction in the cost of manufacture of the
crankshaft 3 by simplifying the orifice at the upper end 7 of the
crankshaft 3 without diminishing the effectiveness thereof. Similarly,
the cost of construction of the spring 14 is much lower than the
previously described interior wall with respect to the prior art. <br />
The
preceding description of the present invention is merely exemplary, and
is not intended to limit the scope thereof in any way. </div>
</div>
</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ZANUSSI) RI230/2T Method of and apparatus for sealing tubes constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical conductivity:</b></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>1. A method of welding
together pieces constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical
conductivity, wherein a piece to be welded is placed in contact with at
least one electrode of negative temperature coefficient, so as to
receive the heat energy which is developed therein when it is connected
to a source of electricity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the piece
or pieces to be welded together are placed in contact with a pair of
electrodes ol' negative temperature coeffici so as to establisll
electrical continuity between said electrodes and receive the energy
which is developed in these latter as a consequence of the establishment
of the electrical continuity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims,
wherein the electrodes are resiliently pressed on to the piece or
pieces. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims, wherein the welding is brazing. <br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims,
wherein the welding takes place as a result of plasticising.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
6. A method as claimed In Claim 4, which is used for
joining together elements of a refrigeration circuit, in particular a
capillary tube and a tube of greater diameter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
7. A method as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the tiie
tulle oi' greater diameter is previously deformed mechanically to
provide a seati ii# i'c,r the capillary tube, and to form a socket
region for receiving the brazing material <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. A method as claimed in Claim 4 and in one of the
remaining Claims, wherein, at least llnti ] the moment in which the
brazing material begins to melt, the intensity of the current
circulating through the electrodes is kept at a higher value than during
the time in which the electrodes are still maintained in contact witij
at least one of the pieces to be joined together. <br />
<br clear="all" />
9. A method as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the
intensity of the current circulating through the electrodes is decreased
for at least part of the time subsequent to the moment in which the
brazing material begins to melt, by connecting at least one resistive
component in series with the electrodes. <br />
<br clear="all" />
10. A method as claimed in Claim 5 and one or more
of the remaining claims, wllich is used for sealing a tube of a circuit
containing a fluid under pressure. <br />
<br clear="all" />
11. A method as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the
tube is meelBlically deformed on both sides of the weld before the weld
is made. <br />
<br clear="all" />
12. An apparatus for carrying out the method as
claimed in the preceding Claims, comprising at least one electrode ol'
negative temperature coefficient, and means for connecting it to a
source of electricity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
13. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 12, wherein the
means izor connecting it to the source of electricity comprise the
actual piece or pieces on which the electrode acts. <br />
<br clear="all" />
14. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 12 and/or 13,
comprisillg a pair of electrodes of~ negative temperature coefficient
which are mobile substantially in the same plane but in opposite
directions, and between which the piece or pieces, used as tlie
electrical connection means, are gripped <br />
<br clear="all" />
15. An apparatus as claimed in one or more of Claims
12 to 14, comprising a switch for connecting a resistive component I in
series with the electrodes. <br />
<br clear="all" />
16. An apparatus as cm aimed in Claim 15, wherein
the switch is controlled by a thermostat. <br />
<br clear="all" />
17. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 14, wherein at
least one electrode is mounted resiliently yieldable in a mobile
operating head wliicl, comprises at least one jaw for deforming the
piece, in particular for mechanically closing a tube.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
18. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 17, comprising
two mobile heads and control means for moving said heads.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
Method of and apparatus for welding together pieces constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical conductivity.<br />
This
invention relates to a method of welding together pieces constructed of
metals, which can be different, but which have high thermal and
electrical conductivity.<br />
Although the invention can be applied to
many fields, those of particular interest are a) joining a copper tube
to an aluminium tube, for example in the refrigeration circuit oi' a
domestic refrigerator, and b) sealing the copper tube through which the
refrigerant fluid is charged into the refrigeration circuit of a
domestic refrigerator.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
In case a) , the copper tube can be the
capillary tube and alluminium tube the evaporator and/or the suction
tube of the compressor in the circuit. The capillary tube is that
element of the refrigeration circuit in which the (theoretically
isenthalpic) expansion occurs of the liquid refrigerating fluid whicli
leaves the condenser to then enter the evaporator. As the undercooling
of the capillary tube increases the useful effect of the refrigeration
circuit, it is usual to insert a portion of the capillary tube in said
suction tube.<br />
It is therefore necessary to make at least one joint
at the point in which the capillary tube enters the suction tube. A
further joint is usually necessary at the point in wliic the capillary
tube enters the evaporator, particularly if this latter is in the form
of a tubular coil. As it must be ensured that the refrigeration circuit
is absolutely hermetically sealed, the quality of the joints must be
excellent, in spite of the difficulties due to tulle fact that the two
pieces to be joined together are dii'ferent from each other, and have
such a high electrical conductivity that it is impossible to make the
joint by conventional resistance welding.<br />
<br />
Again with reference to
case a), a Jointing system is known which uses a short auxiliary copper
tube having an outer diameter intermediate between the diameter of the
capillary tube and the diameter of the aluminium tube. The capillary
tube passes through said auxiliary tube, and is joined to one end
thereof by torch brazing.<br />
The other end of the auxiliary tube is joined to the aluminium tube by further brazing or by pressure welding.<br />
<br />
This
jointing system is certainly of good quality, but is relatively
complicated and above all costly because of the copper construction of
said auxiliary tube. The absolute value of this cost is very high when,
in a modern industry, daily production amounts to several thousands of
refrigerators.<br />
<br />
With regard to case b), in the known method the
copper charging tube is firstly closed by mechanical deformation using a
clamp, and then, with the clamp applied, it is filled from its open end
with a brazing material melted by means of a torch. This method has the
disadvantage of not completely ensuring the opening of the welding
zone, requiring the use of specialised labour and involving the use of a
large quantity of brazing material when related to a daily production
of several thousands of refrigerators.<br />
The object of the present
invention is to provide a new welding method, in particular for joining a
copper capillary tube to an aluminium tube, and for closing the end of
t}ie charging tube of a refrigeration circuit, in which low cost and
simplicity of operation are attained together with excellent weld
quality.<br />
According to the method of the invention, a piece to be
welded is placed in contact with at least one electrode having a
negative temperature coefficient so as to recieve the heat energy
developed in it when it is connected to a source of electricity.<br />
In
a preferred embodiment of the method ac cordillar to the invention, he
piece or pieces to be welded together are placed in contact with a pair
of electrodes having a negative temperature coefficient so as to
establish electrical continuity between these electrodes and receive the
heat energy which is developed in these latter as a consequence of
establishing electrical continuity.<br />
The term electrode having a
negative temperature coefficient" indicates an electrode, the electrical
resistallce of which decreases as the temperature increases.<br />
The
heat transmitted by the electrode or electrodes to the piece or pieces
melts the welding material in contact with the piece, or at least
transforms the piece into its plastic state so that, in this latter
case, it is sufficient for the electrodes to exert a low pressure on the
piece to form the weld.<br />
The apparatus which enables the method to
be carried out and is also part of the invention comprises at least one
electrode of negative temperature coefficient, and meals lor conne<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a>cting
it to a source of electricity.<br />
In the preferred embodiment of the
apparatus, the mealls for connecting it to tulle source OS' electricity
comprise the actual piece or pieces on which the electrode is to act.<br />
In
the most advantageous embodinlent of the invention, the apparatus
comprises a pair of electrodes of Negative temperature coefficient,
which are mobile sub staiitially in the same plane but in opposite
directions, and between which are gripped the piece or pieces to be
welded, these latter being utilised as the electrical connectioii means.<br />
All
the characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be
apparent from the description given hereinafter (which, as a
non-limiting example of application of this method, relates both to
joining a copper capillary tube to an aluminium suction tube of the
refrigeration circuit oi a domestic refrigerator by brazil and to
sealing the end ol the charging' tube of such a refrigeration circuit)
and from the accompanying drawing, in which:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA9aRo-kU9mzs2u1TySC3ZQ2NfBCcNQ_ep8X3wDkObmVDWRVSbFWxMXjFsb-ZRO8y3wBDT7DWfEbqEsdaSrmHzIXRlynEFwfLt7INsh9B4vWwLxxljCXH0Z1r3W8STtBA07Iz0o7TSr-7Y/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-1__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA9aRo-kU9mzs2u1TySC3ZQ2NfBCcNQ_ep8X3wDkObmVDWRVSbFWxMXjFsb-ZRO8y3wBDT7DWfEbqEsdaSrmHzIXRlynEFwfLt7INsh9B4vWwLxxljCXH0Z1r3W8STtBA07Iz0o7TSr-7Y/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-1__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
: Figure 1 is a
sectional diagrammatic view, through their axes, of two tubes during the
operations involved in their joining; Figure 2 is a cross-section
through said tubes on the line Il-Il of Figure 1 after the joint has
been completed and the electrodes used have been removed; Figure 3 shows
the electrical circuit used for melting the brazing material; Figure 4
shows the variations in the current intensity through the suction tube
and its temperature adjacent to the electrodes during the joining by
brazing; Figure 5 is a side view of the apparatus for welding (sealing)
the charging tube of a refrigeration circuit; Figure 6 is a section on
the line VI-VI of Figure 5, and Figure 7 shows a portion of the charging
tube after its sealing.<br />
With reference to Figures 1 and 2, a
copper capillary tube 1 is inserted directly into a portion of an
aluminium tube 2, for example representing the tube which constitutes
the evaporator of a refrigeration circuit of a domestic refrigerator.
There is thus a first great financial advantage in eliminating the
aforesaid auxiliary copper tube. The aluminium tube 2 can have an outer
diameter of 10 mm (against the 2 mm of the capillary tube 1), and has
previously been mechanically deformed over a small portion 3 just after
the mouth 4 to provide a flare 5 and a double lobed section at said
portion 3 (see Fig. 2).<br />
The brazing material and its de-oxidising
agent are placed in the flare 5. These substances are indicated together
by the reference numeral 6. The brazing material tried by the applicant
in the example of the application of the method described here was the
alloy known commercially as "So) dwiiol 1 265" of Messrs. Degussa ( the
alloy carries the symbol L-CdZn 20, in accordance with D1N 1707). This
is a eutectic cadmium-zinc alloy with Hs.5es of cadmium and a melting
point of 266 C. The de-oxidising agent tried was wSoldaflux AL" of
Messrs.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a><br />
Degussa (carrying the symbol F-LW 3, in accordance with
DIN 8511), its action being effective over the temperature range of 200
to 300 C.<br />
According to the invention, the high conductivity of the
aluminium with which the tube 2 is made is utilised to melt the brazing
material. Thus the aforesaid technical and economical drawbacks due to
the use of torch brazing are obviated. For this purpose, an electrical
circuit (shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3) is constructed comprising the
terminals 7 and 8 which receive an alternating single phase current
from the secondary winding of a voltage step-down transformer (not
shown), supply cables 9 and 10, and a pair of electrodes 11 and 12 of a
material such as graphite which has a negative temperature coeffi cient.
By the Joule effect, the electrical energy at the electrodes 11 and 12
is transformed into heat which reaches the brazing material by
conduction through the tube 2.<br />
These electrodes are brought into
contact with the portion 3 of the tube 2 at the beginning of brazing.
ln the electrical circuit diagrai ot' Fig. 3, the electrodes are shown
as two variable resistor with the said reference numerals 11 and 12,
whereas the reference numeral 13 indicates the resistance, obviously of
extremely low value, of the tube 2 through which tulle circuit is made.<br />
The
circuit also comprises a switch 14 wlich, according to the control
signals which it receives from the regulator 15, can be shifted from
tulle contact 16 to the contact 17 to connect into the circuit a
secondary branch 18 which comprises a high ohmic resist or 19.<br />
The
reglll ator 15 can be any device able to cause said resistor 19 to be
connected in series with the electrodes 11 and 12 and tube 2 when the
brazing material has reached its melting point, so reducing the current
intensity l in the electrical circuit. In this respect, the applicant
has fouiid that this lives an energy saving because the absorbed power
of the circuit call be reduced by as much as 7596 during tlie second
brazing stage (i.e.<br />
when the switch 14 is closed on tlie contact
17) with respect to the first stage (i.e. when the switch 14 is closed
on the contact 16). Advantageously, said regulator 15 is a rapid
response thermostat, the sensor of which determines the temperature of
the aluminium tube 2 in the immediate vicinity of the point in which it
is joined to the capillary tube 1.<br />
However, the regulator 15 can
be in the form of a timer, provided it is known accurately after what
time from the beginning of the operation the timer must shift the switch
14 from the contact 16 to the contact 17 (on the basis of all accurate
trial run of the brazing operation).<br />
The variation in current
intensity I (measured in amperes) passing through the tube 2 during
brazing, and the variation in temperature in C of this tube ( which can
be sprayed with a conventional coolant after' brazing) shown in Figure 4
have been obtained by tests carried out by the applicant.<br />
After
the brazing material has melted, the electrodes 11 aiid 12 are removed
from contact with the portion 3 of the tube 2, so that it is possible to
remove this latter (now joined to the capillary tube 1) and proceed to a
further brazing operation. In Figure 1 the approach and withdrawal of
the tube electrodes are shown by arrows.<br />
Fiiially, it silould be
noted that in this example the el ectiodes do not exert any mechanical
deformation action on the pieces to be joined together ( the tubes 1 and
2 in tills example). Thus(also because of the fact that the material of
which the electrodes are made has a Ilegative tell1J#erature
coefficient, i.e.<br />
its electrical resistance decreases as its
temperature increases) the method described herein is conceptually the
opposite of collventional resistaiice welding of ferrous metals, which
have a relatively high thermal and electrical conductivity.<br />
The
advalltages of the method according to the present invention can be
suiirtriarised as follows: pieces made of materials of high electrical
and thermal conductivity can be joined together by brazing other than
torch brazing, and thus more simple to carry out and of much higher
reliability; the energy consumption can be considerably reduced by not
supplying excess energy when this is not required; in tlie particular
case of joining a capillary tube to an aluniinium tube, it is no longer
necessary to use an intermediate auxiliary tube.<br />
With reference to
Figures 5 to 7, which show the sealing of the tube for charging the
refrigeration circuit of a domestic refrigerator with refrigerant fluid,
the tube in question, constructed for example of copper, is indicated
by the reference numeral 100. It is welded to the casing 101 which
contains the compressor and its electrical drive motor (not shown), and
communicates with the casing interior.<br />
In order to introduce the
refrigerant fluid, a connector element 102 incorporating a non-return
valve 103 is mounted on the free end of tle tube 100 by well known
methods. Again by well known methods, a charging pistol is connected to
the connector element, and when operated causes pressurised refrigerant
fluid to flow into the circuit. After the charging operation, the pistol
is disconnected from the connector element, and the circuit then
contains pressurised refrigerant fluid which cannot escape because of
the non-return valve 103.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a>The problem solved by the invention is
to properky seal the tube 100 after said charging operation, without
usi)ig welding material.<br />
According to the inventioll, the problem
is solved by causing localised plasticising or fusion of the charging
tube, mainly by the lleat given up by electrodes 104, 105 of negative
temperature coefficient, for example of graphite, which are moderately
pressed from opposing sides against the tube and thus cause permanent
sealing of the tube by welding as a result of the plasticising or fus
ioll .<br />
Advai)te(J;eousiy, to prevent the pressurised refrigerant
fluid iii the circuit from being able to escape through tlle passages
wllic}l can open up in the plasticising or fusion zone, the tube is
closed before welding and maintained closed during welding, by
mechanical deformation exerted in a zone between the electrodes 104, 105
and the casing 101, and optiollally also in a zone between the
electrodes and tulle free end of the charging tube.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHXItxIJpWDUgG02erU3vhegYY4Toj8trBb9qX35s7OWZeDjSYh_TFr2588bLodMwVgUkUPOgNjk92c66TvKUejC6Ea1QcRvCcpxCqY2twdlSTJfIKmo1sUB5rGkGJZte8NE6BVTmwnAM/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-2__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHXItxIJpWDUgG02erU3vhegYY4Toj8trBb9qX35s7OWZeDjSYh_TFr2588bLodMwVgUkUPOgNjk92c66TvKUejC6Ea1QcRvCcpxCqY2twdlSTJfIKmo1sUB5rGkGJZte8NE6BVTmwnAM/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-2__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
The said
operations are carried out by the device shown in Figures 5 to 7,
comprising electrodes 104, 105 and means for localised temporary
mechanical closure of the tube.<br />
Tulle device in question comprises
a pair of levers 106, 107 rotatable about their pivots 108, 109, and
supported at their ends in a pair of parallel fixed side plates 110.<br />
Each
lever 106, 107 comprises at one end a working head 111 in which the
electrode 104, 105 is disposed, and at the other end a roller 112 which,
urged by springs 113, 114, is kept in contact with the end of a rod 115
of a piston 116. This piston is slidably mounted in a cylinder 117, and
on one of its ends there acts a return spring 118 and on the other end
there acts a pressurised fluid fed for example through a solenoid valve,
not shown.<br />
The end part 119 of the rod 115 is conical so that
when the pressurised fluid is fed into the cylinder 117, the consequent
movement of the piston 116 in the direction of the arrow A causes the
levers 106, 107 to rotate in such a direction as to cause the working
heads 111 to approach each other.<br />
These heads comprise a fork
structure with a pair of anns 12(), 121, the purpose of which is to
deform the tube 100 at tlie two sides of the electrodes 104, 105 wheii
the rod 115 is moved in the direction of the arrow A.<br />
Each
electrode 104, 105 is removably housed in a dovetail cavity 122 provided
in a partly slotted metal block 123, with ducts 124 for the passage of
cooling water ied through flexible hoses, not shown. Tlie block 123 is
provided witlj a shank 125 of polyg'oiiai or square crosssection
slidable in a bore of correspolldillg cross-section provided in tlie
crosspiece 126 of tlse fork structure. The shank 125 comprises a head
127 against which a compression spring 128 acts,<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXydlv1yGlXrV09m8ZOklBwFLkZq8SjqxIEC-eRMn0ppobtZsZdtvmfUJGnkg-gTC3QOZeP8SE2kBVIdD5wLe1n-tphAJico1WPSQOgO47glSeSp51huVauSZFwsIFiP_KbDSjwv-oe9MD/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-3__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXydlv1yGlXrV09m8ZOklBwFLkZq8SjqxIEC-eRMn0ppobtZsZdtvmfUJGnkg-gTC3QOZeP8SE2kBVIdD5wLe1n-tphAJico1WPSQOgO47glSeSp51huVauSZFwsIFiP_KbDSjwv-oe9MD/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-3__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
its other end resting against a wall 129 rigid with the fork structure.<br />
In
the device concerned, the electrical circuit extends from the terminals
B and C of an electricity source, through the electrodes 104, 105 and
through the tube 100, when this latter is in contact with the
electrodes.<br />
The tube and electrodes are therefore in series when
the device operates. The circuit is opened when the electrodes 104, 105
withdraw from the tube 100 following the return of the rod 115. Thus the
welding operation, which will be discussed in greater detail
hereinafter, can be controlled by the operator by operating the valve
(e.g. a three-way valve) associated with the cylinder 117.<br />
Operation
is as follows: The two heads 111 are initially spaced apart from each
other to allow the insertion of the tube 100 to be sealed (welded). When
the tube is dosed between the heads, the operator feeds fluid under
pressure to the cylinder 117. The rod 115 moves in the direction of the
arrow A, the levers 106, 107 rotate about the pivots 108, 109, and the
heads 111 approacl# the tube 100. The electrodes 104, 105 firstly touch
the tube at the point N, but electricity is not as yet fed to the
electrical circuit, even though this is ready to receive it.<br />
The
arms 120, 121 tlien act on the tube to deform it and close it
mechanically in two zones K and M to tlie sides of the welding po<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNXRIwUqLpv-h28i7Ddqg5zYfAWnj7Px8tcR2gOFUbYJaAxszGkX2rSSPTFiAlm1dXjL67CWAZm5QxvXHmLVeBlOzw8QFrOvNa_x4AcBeJhRI2Bgs06r0F1_6pnjcRoi0PvP1PKwmJ3rLw/s1600/IMGH_06712__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a>int N,
this point being where the electrodes act.<br />
The connector element 102 caii not be removed.<br />
Electricity
is now fed to the terminals B, C (e.g. by means of a contact) and flows
in the circuit which is closed through the electrodes 104, 1()5 and
tube 100. The electrodes 104, 105 progressively increase in temperature
and thus heat point N to a sufficient extent to transform it into its
plastic or partly molten state so that the small pressure wlsich the
electrodes exert on the tube (by virtue of the springs 128) is
sufficiei,# to produce deformation and corlsequent welding (when the
opposing sides of the tube come into contact with each other).<br />
On
termination of welding (sealing), the operator unloads the cylinder 117,
the two heads 111 withdraw from the tube and as the circuit is broken
the electricity no longer traverses the electrodes 104, 105, which
therefore cease to heat up.<br />
The apparatus is thus ready for a new working cycle.<br />
The
present invention covers any other field of application of the
described method, comprising the joining together of more than two
pieces and the utilisation of the conductivity of all or some of the
metals of which the pieces are constructed, to perform the welding, i.e.
the fusion of the brazing materials.</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Zanussi</b> was an Italian producer of home appliances
that in 1984 was bought by Electrolux . Zanussi is a leading brand for
domestic kitchen appliances in Europe. Products have been exported from
Italy since 1946.<br />
<br />
The Zanussi Company began
as the small workshop of Antonio Zanussi in 1916. The
enterprising 26-year-old son of a blacksmith in Pordenone in
Northeastern Italy began the business by making home stoves and
wood-burning ovens.<br />
After his father death in 1946 “Lino Zanussi” became the President of the company.<br />
In the early 1970s Zanussi sold a lot in the UK and for some time after under the “<span class="new">Zoppas</span>”
brand, name which had been acquired, making Zanussi the first
largest Italian appliance maker. They also produced washing
machines Hotpoint for Hotpoint at this time which were very
reliable and highly rated by users and engineers.<br />
In the
late 1970s and into the early 1980s the company had a range of
washing machines which used an induction motor with a clutch
pulley system. Again this range proved extremely popular and
very reliable.<br />
During this period Zanussi Professional,
the catering range of appliances for commercial use, became a
separate division in its own right.<br />
In the early 1980s
Zanussi launched the Jetsystem washing machine range to great
acclaim whilst at the same time running the “Appliance Of
Science” advertising campaign which is acknowledged as one of the
most successful marketing campaigns of all time, in fact
still remembered by many today. This gave the brand the
impression of being forward thinking and innovative.<br />
Zanussi
has recently been rebranded as Zanussi-Electrolux in line
with many other Electrolux brand names. Since that time many
Zanussi appliances share common components and parts with the
rest of the Electrolux range, primarily Electrolux, Tricity
Bendix and AEG although it is worth noting that the “John
Lewis” branded machines sold by the John Lewis Partnership in
the UK are effectively rebranded Zanussi appliances.<br />
In
the late 1980s Zanussi launched the split tank design known as
the “Nexus Tub” design which endures to this day with little
change. The tub, base and certain other parts are made from a
plastic material known as “Carboran” which can be re-used
several times if recycled. To this day neither Zanussi or
Electrolux has provided any way to return this material for
recycling purposes.<br />
<br />
Up until the end of the
1980s Zanussi service was run from Slough and was a network of
independent repairers who gave an unparalleled service level.
It is generally acknowledged within the industry that this
service network was the best that there has ever been in the
UK.<br />
In the early 1990s Electrolux instigated
amalgamating all its UK brands under one service entity. This
entity was split, dependent on region, between the Zanussi
service agents and the local Electrolux Service Centre. In
general those in a high population density area where given to
the Electrolux employed centres. Tricity Bendix, Electrolux
and AEG as well as Zanussi were all to be serviced by the one
network.<br />
This was changed in the late 1990s and early
2000s as Electrolux sold or gave away the regional service
centres, generally to the existing management or to area
managers to run as independent businesses.<br />
This service
network was rebranded and became Service Force which still
exists today but is, once again, all operated by independent
service companies who repair and supply spare parts for all of
the brands.................<br />
<br />
<br />
..........................when the president Lino Zanussi died in a plane crash in June 1968 - Zanussi<br />
Industries was the first Italian manufacturer of white goods and employs approximately 13000 employees.<br />
<br />
When
the Zanussi group of Pordenone lives a first phase of financial stress
then Lamberto Mazza, who succeeded Lino Zanussi, decides to liquidate
some social funds with share capital held by Guido Zanussi causing an
outlay of 16 billion lire of that era.<br />
<br />
Despite the Huge
outlay to cope with such a withdrawal, the group aquired, in the course
of 1970, competitor like Zoppas the other big Italian manufacturer of
household appliances, which was,<br />
significantly in debt due of an acquisition of Triplex in Solarolo and a construction of the new plant in Susegana.<br />
<br />
The
Zoppas, whose factories were located in Conegliano Veneto (TV), has a
history quite similar to Zanussi: it is in fact founded by Ferdinand
Zoppas in 1926 as an artisan company repair of wood-burning stoves and
then spread widely and rapidly under the leadership of his sons Augusto
and Gino.<br />
<br />
Zanussi president, Lamberto Mazza, alleged a
plan to achieve an optimal size to compete at the European level if not
the world, strengthening the shares held by Zanussi on the Italian
market to avoid the entry of foreign competitors (in particular the
U.S. Westinghouse).<br />
<br />
The Financial stress imposed on
Zanussi by acquisition of Zoppas and, simultaneously, the increase in
the incidence both of labor costs and reasons of rise up of activity
intensity (In the space of a short pass from 13,000 employees to 24,000
units?) is faced with:<br />
<br />
a. the sale to the German AEG-Telefunken<br />
an amount equal to 25.01% of the Zanussi S.p.A.<br />
(The operational holding company of the group)<br />
<br />
(The share of ownership AEG-Telefunken is subsequently recognized in 1978 by Voet-Alpine.)<br />
<br />
<br />
b. to loans from Italian Istituto Mobiliare<br />
(IMI);<br />
<br />
c.<br />
about a loan of about two hundred million marks<br />
disbursed in 1974 from Dresden Bank.<br />
<br />
The
union conflicts, the impact of labor costs (in 1974 Zanussi occupies
nearly 31,000 employees), the Debt contract with institutions credit and
the first oil shock induce Lamberto Mazza to start a rapid process of
diversification The core of this strategy is, however, the belief that
the market of appliance White has come to its stage of maturity, with a
saturation level and the consequent reduction of typical viability.<br />
<br />
Therefore, in this back of years Zanussi invests substantial financial resources to acquiring control of businesses;<br />
<br />
(The
process of growth of Zanussi, nevertheless sees the creation of new
realities companys as a result of corporate spin-offs. <br />
<br />
Considering, for example,<br />
<br />
Zanussi Grandi Cucine SpA, Zanussi Grandi Impianti<br />
SpA,
Air Zanussi SpA, Zanussi Components for Construction SpA, the
Industrialised Building ZanussiFarsura SpA to subsidiaries Iberian
Zinsa-Zanussi Industrial SA Compania SA and Industrias
Electrodomesticas, <br />
and Lastly Anglo-Saxon Iaz International Ltd., was established in 1979<br />
well as the company insurance and financial intermediation<br />
group, called Infinas S.p.A.) with few exceptions activities not related with the core business.<br />
<br />
In
particular, remembering the concentrations of corporate sectors
relating to paper (Paper Mill Galvani SpA, Cartopiave SpA and
subsidiaries Cartosud and Silica), electronic (Ducati Electrical,
Electronics-Inelco), construction (Seicom-Building for Integrated
Components SpA), metallurgical (Smalteria and Metallurgical Veneta SpA),
hotel (Borsa SpA) of furniture (Galvani Porcelain SpA, Sambuceto SA,
Meson's Spring SpA SpA and its subsidiaries and Pagnucco SpA),
components (Ilpea Gomma SpA), photographic equipment ( Fotomec San Marco
SpA) of entertainment<br />
(Udinese Calcio SpA) and solar photovoltaics.<br />
<br />
(The investments of Zanussi happenned sometimes even in the indirect form<br />
which is made through the CISVE (Industrial Consortium<br />
Economic Development), founded by Lamberto Mazza in quality of<br />
President
of the association of Industrialists of Pordenone, as well, since 1978,
through the Industrial Finance SpA, a company financial system
constituted specifically for that.)<br />
<br />
the Organization
Company is formed in a matrix in which the divisional activities and
are then grouped into the following sections:<br />
<br />
1.apparatus for heating;<br />
2.components for Building;<br />
3.solar panels;<br />
4.apparatus Idronet (for potability of the water);<br />
5.components;<br />
6.apparatus different from electronic television sets.<br />
<br />
But when the financial situation Worsened in 1983, <br />
Zanussi family the shareholder majority, distrusted Lamberto Mazza replacing him<br />
initially with Umberto Cuttica, former manager of FIAT,<br />
then later with Gianfranco Zoppas, husband of Antonia Zanussi and son Lino.<br />
<br />
The
corporate reorganization plan was then prepared by the new management
and was designed to focus the now scarce financial resources in the core
business of group, to continue or to divest a number of activities not
closely related ( Air Zanussi, Zanussi Construction Industrialized,
Zanussi Electronics, Paper Mill Galvani,Pagnucco, Fotomec, New
Cartopiave) , thus preparing the field for the sale of the Entire group
to Electrolux, the Swedish multinational leader in field of white goods.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Stern / REX / Zanussi / Seleco </span>(WAS) is an electronics company based in Pordenone, <span class="mw-redirect">Friuli Venezia Giulia</span>, Italy. It is part of <span class="new">Super//Fluo</span>, who bought the rights in August, 2006, along with Brionvega and Imperial.<br />
<br />
<br />
Sèleco
was born as in 1965 as a spin-off from the home appliances
maker Zanussi. In the first years of his life, Seleco
produced almost black and white televisions with the Zanussi
or Rex brand. The company was being sold in 1984, and was
first acquired by <span class="new">Gian Mario Rossignolo</span>. He first became president and then main stockholder.<br />
During
the 1980s, the company launched worldwide marketing
campaigns and began sponsoring some of the most famous
Italian soccer team, such as <span class="new">Lazio A.S.</span>.<br />
During
the '90s, the company was mainly concentrated on the
production of pay-tv decoders, but in 1993 suffered from a
loss of competitivity. With the intent to reshape its
position and to get gave new life to the company, Gian Mario
Rossignolo bought Brionvega from the Brion family, the
founder. This attempt get to nowhere, so the company was forced
to declare failure in 1997. During the years, Sèleco has
passed through ups and downs, at the end being overcome by
the continuous changes in the electronics world.<br />
After the crack-down, the company and all its interests were bought by the Formenti family. That gave life to the <span class="new">Seleco-Formenti</span> Group, owner of the rights for the brands Sèleco, Rex, Phonola, Imperial, Stern, Phoenix, Televideon, Kerion and Webrik.<br />
The
Formenti family re-launched the company with the
production of CRT-TVs. In 2000, the company suffered of a
strong crisis, following the price dumping made by Turkish
manufacturers. That seems to led to end of the Sèleco and
Brionvega story, as the Sèleco-Formenti Group was forced to
liquidation.<br />
In 2004, the rights for the radio branch were bought by <span class="new">Sim2 Multimedia</span>, and all the television interests (for the brands Sèleco, Brionvega and Imperial) were acquired by <span class="new">Super//Fluo</span> in August 2006.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">THIS INDUSTRY IS TODAY DEAD !!!!</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><br />
<br /></div>
</div>
FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-2247663735595850312012-10-18T18:00:00.000-07:002014-03-05T13:07:41.742-08:00AGIPGAS MOD. 155 YEAR 1951.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrjZUkwy4kci1pI713_FygG6Mn3hr5zgpHGkg4aAE7hmmgRbl0fsbn4INnZqX4bgUOCwqD67rqwrJhYJOLMz-CkqJvm64j-60r7faBl22rxanBlu7WTkEfEyHYmWYnGVhTJ2uhc-CdVvi9/s1600/IMGH_06700__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3_WstEdkD_7tIKnoW_Kj8g-UGGZPgL92CRvDmxztRsbj8YnZTNxgA9Gr1svPvLtZS0aRL9e1Z92Tj-nNwCR9DnRlJh-jREUadzzOmQBT8U93qp38tZIcqT1_GRh25bL1cCRPoqN2VOvpW/s1600/IMGH_06690__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3_WstEdkD_7tIKnoW_Kj8g-UGGZPgL92CRvDmxztRsbj8YnZTNxgA9Gr1svPvLtZS0aRL9e1Z92Tj-nNwCR9DnRlJh-jREUadzzOmQBT8U93qp38tZIcqT1_GRh25bL1cCRPoqN2VOvpW/s1600/IMGH_06690__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSHGYMq7JcflIwqqrr-fajHrMEl7Yi0YVaOmw__7_IApcS7lqDN4VGWF4-A8gCXcZET8KDFpA2oCgdTM7xXEPeCa4PGLnMchJZR5Mve6TwnePXujO79JmsqKn7JnuYgULtkxm91XUxO9ie/s1600/IMGH_06691__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSHGYMq7JcflIwqqrr-fajHrMEl7Yi0YVaOmw__7_IApcS7lqDN4VGWF4-A8gCXcZET8KDFpA2oCgdTM7xXEPeCa4PGLnMchJZR5Mve6TwnePXujO79JmsqKn7JnuYgULtkxm91XUxO9ie/s1600/IMGH_06691__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6fTwrMayJ0KGjHzeZOycJFJE1vZjZ9VnzICVyIx1YUiXoiMzMmKIrM7v-uYyhcjG8L6yqxm4pMamjGd-6y82AVte8tfFfRxMreQC9Ni6_v6OcX9KR4d4wBLJLT3gngiAVt2Y1nYeFusjF/s1600/IMGH_06692__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6fTwrMayJ0KGjHzeZOycJFJE1vZjZ9VnzICVyIx1YUiXoiMzMmKIrM7v-uYyhcjG8L6yqxm4pMamjGd-6y82AVte8tfFfRxMreQC9Ni6_v6OcX9KR4d4wBLJLT3gngiAVt2Y1nYeFusjF/s1600/IMGH_06692__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="234" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIn-LEmp9uEueNjMY2QjN03thtzJzTmUvgO6r7LuDLMUwCHtm5ZA4UyapCYbc4xu_CwuJbw91ZYabNm744pisoThztYz6YkKqYhWDYdAVLyR_ZVeoYEcLekvoMilXdqWv08qoFt8afJIK7/s1600/IMGH_06695__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIn-LEmp9uEueNjMY2QjN03thtzJzTmUvgO6r7LuDLMUwCHtm5ZA4UyapCYbc4xu_CwuJbw91ZYabNm744pisoThztYz6YkKqYhWDYdAVLyR_ZVeoYEcLekvoMilXdqWv08qoFt8afJIK7/s1600/IMGH_06695__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheNVv1UQqDZ-KKN5DYZoyM4aFphnhkKCb6LfahTCX_ziAvduWuQm5zqzUOxhdpOWd3Y9vwTJfa_5zhfj2SASMmfkRCLkjFQkXL-9HsyLANIdFL4CPldGaXqaJzAsLoLWgsVPBtZwVbgft-/s1600/IMGH_06694__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheNVv1UQqDZ-KKN5DYZoyM4aFphnhkKCb6LfahTCX_ziAvduWuQm5zqzUOxhdpOWd3Y9vwTJfa_5zhfj2SASMmfkRCLkjFQkXL-9HsyLANIdFL4CPldGaXqaJzAsLoLWgsVPBtZwVbgft-/s1600/IMGH_06694__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEismx5u2NYwPU6JpjNAcwBu1f4k8cnIqpBa7Ru6pw5_1dh-heXEIuDQUND6FHEtVFjMP_yRs_XcZ42Kb-Rxb8r-vN2Pw3921LF0AvzOkoMv8uHk9kYh_8HIx7KmzfspMYmc7SX2AbluUOPN/s1600/IMGH_06693__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEismx5u2NYwPU6JpjNAcwBu1f4k8cnIqpBa7Ru6pw5_1dh-heXEIuDQUND6FHEtVFjMP_yRs_XcZ42Kb-Rxb8r-vN2Pw3921LF0AvzOkoMv8uHk9kYh_8HIx7KmzfspMYmc7SX2AbluUOPN/s1600/IMGH_06693__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHZUObUrwCd3qEpsnzjP3edJuigTBF2z7f9Pf9HFpuuRg8DAfrSWxyDiNEDNMB3h9YDPLhoZPQEjsMIOB0ff1Ygw1f333uJOZ853kCkToCFhoLmxThddncLie4AVSnR8wqxyFb42gWCbZF/s1600/IMGH_06696__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHZUObUrwCd3qEpsnzjP3edJuigTBF2z7f9Pf9HFpuuRg8DAfrSWxyDiNEDNMB3h9YDPLhoZPQEjsMIOB0ff1Ygw1f333uJOZ853kCkToCFhoLmxThddncLie4AVSnR8wqxyFb42gWCbZF/s1600/IMGH_06696__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg66XgYq46fPXoYmcBIOpFSTBsVI2ZlIutmW9Duttn9Cm2LFGoWUdl6bBzcJtKENvIkGSE2E1pmEd1M6p9X1valBk16fg2tAagtfle6_wqQlhGPr6Runze-7YJPcDNp2_Kwka3xtZv6kvPJ/s1600/IMGH_06697__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg66XgYq46fPXoYmcBIOpFSTBsVI2ZlIutmW9Duttn9Cm2LFGoWUdl6bBzcJtKENvIkGSE2E1pmEd1M6p9X1valBk16fg2tAagtfle6_wqQlhGPr6Runze-7YJPcDNp2_Kwka3xtZv6kvPJ/s1600/IMGH_06697__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQORaPRxpQciwZL0o1G3KwuRMY7cMVPtkGbVi10DgNXpqPl1lWKgonKF9N87s4fdzHPI3FRwKXCh1eub2_gQmy3nddW9b37oa7MPcwEbaasAo8WXLFRIKLr38uZd4-M-_tHonbZnvLxGIY/s1600/IMGH_06698__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQORaPRxpQciwZL0o1G3KwuRMY7cMVPtkGbVi10DgNXpqPl1lWKgonKF9N87s4fdzHPI3FRwKXCh1eub2_gQmy3nddW9b37oa7MPcwEbaasAo8WXLFRIKLr38uZd4-M-_tHonbZnvLxGIY/s1600/IMGH_06698__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkqhtNkAUe72eFU9IcsslP9MIssL7DKZZV0YVaNUvrqwSM1xkx8OmqzUEOh12-J3y5uR3mIZNqLOeJC9HMrB-HueWayk_N-z53N-_2SCu7yJ3_bynzuILGh4KyfGlLJKB0NvEkoZIIuNSu/s1600/IMGH_06699__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkqhtNkAUe72eFU9IcsslP9MIssL7DKZZV0YVaNUvrqwSM1xkx8OmqzUEOh12-J3y5uR3mIZNqLOeJC9HMrB-HueWayk_N-z53N-_2SCu7yJ3_bynzuILGh4KyfGlLJKB0NvEkoZIIuNSu/s1600/IMGH_06699__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrjZUkwy4kci1pI713_FygG6Mn3hr5zgpHGkg4aAE7hmmgRbl0fsbn4INnZqX4bgUOCwqD67rqwrJhYJOLMz-CkqJvm64j-60r7faBl22rxanBlu7WTkEfEyHYmWYnGVhTJ2uhc-CdVvi9/s1600/IMGH_06700__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrjZUkwy4kci1pI713_FygG6Mn3hr5zgpHGkg4aAE7hmmgRbl0fsbn4INnZqX4bgUOCwqD67rqwrJhYJOLMz-CkqJvm64j-60r7faBl22rxanBlu7WTkEfEyHYmWYnGVhTJ2uhc-CdVvi9/s1600/IMGH_06700__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="" style="clear: both;">
The AGIPGAS MOD. 155 refrigerator is a real MONSTER beast in COOLING performance.</div>
<div class="" style="clear: both;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAet-632gjpCwqJK2uM97zK1vG2O0iQ0lUut4rh-SSzoN3UV90i-1OWzLW6UNeMDOxS5q6Qk0z6phfBBhTrN3Uxrg7fK_VHsH5IHnDSsV49_CDSRVZAqwFoi87w7PISbBzWcEJDc6aZlEG/s1600/OLD-FRIDGE-CHEESE__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAet-632gjpCwqJK2uM97zK1vG2O0iQ0lUut4rh-SSzoN3UV90i-1OWzLW6UNeMDOxS5q6Qk0z6phfBBhTrN3Uxrg7fK_VHsH5IHnDSsV49_CDSRVZAqwFoi87w7PISbBzWcEJDc6aZlEG/s1600/OLD-FRIDGE-CHEESE__F12M.jpg" height="200" width="141" /></a>With an outside temperature of 35°C and opened fridge door and opened freezer door too, it's capable to ice up completely and deeply the evaporator in less than 25 mins without any difficult. Furthermore it blows cold smoke from it. NOW Let's see modern crap if capable to do so...................FREON 12 forever....................</div>
<div class="" style="clear: both;">
The AGIPGAS MOD. 155 is an old Italian fridge and has a heavy very Big compressor branded FIAT 9001 but it's a WESTINGHOUSE patent compressor. It's absolutely silent in any working condition and has a nice oil splattering noise when it's in working condition after long time.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<span style="color: #666666;">Many contemporary appliances would not have this level of staying
power, many would ware out or require major services within just five
years or less and of course, there is that perennial bug bear of
planned obsolescence where components our deliberately designed to
fail or manufactured with limited edition specificities...............................</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Not sure who fabricated this refrigerator but it was a commisioned fabrication ordered by AGIP GAS the section of the Italian Oil company Agip when they were selling GAS for home cooking use.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Found 20 years ago on a curbside.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<b>Agip </b>(Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli—General Italian Oil Company) is a former Italian automotive gasoline, Diesel, LPG, lubricants, fuel oil, and bitumen retailer established in 1926. It has been a subsidiary of the multinational petroleum company Eni. In 2003, Eni acquired Agip Petroli S.p.A., creating the Refining and Marketing Division (R&M).</div>
<br />
<br />
Sinclair Oil was a U.S. oil company that, with the Italian Ministry of National Economy in 1924, reached a fifty-year agreement for which both companies were issued a permit to conduct oil research in Emilia-Romagna and in Sicily, for an area of 40,000 km ². Sinclair and the Italian ministry constituted a joint enterprise; 40% of the capital was the ministry's property, all expenditure incurred by Sinclair Oil and 25% of profits to the Italian ministry. The agreement was judged to cause serious damage to the nation and the opposition, headed by Giacomo Matteotti and Don Sturzo, started a controversy which aligned the suspicion of corruption; Matteotti indeed had prepared a speech on this issue for June 12, but was killed two days earlier. Don Sturzo continued the controversy, stating in a public company was the only way for a national energy independence.<br />
<br />
Coal in Italy was scarce and of poor quality. It was imported from abroad at prices that seriously weighed on currency balance and limited industrial growth. Power plants, which were not very developed and mainly concentrated in the north of the country, could not satisfy the needs of energy.<br />
<br />
With a royal decree on April 3, 1926, the government of the Kingdom of Italy ordered the establishment of the Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli (Agip), in the conduct of all activities relating to industry and the commerce of petroleum; the company was created in the form of joint stock companies. The share capital was given for a 60% from the Department of the Treasury, for a 20% by Istituto Nazionale delle Assicurazioni (INA) and the remaining 20% by the Social Insurance. The first president was Ettore Conti, contractor in the electricity sector. The establishment of the company was attributed by many analysts to Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata, Ministry of Finance, and Joseph Belluzzo, Ministry for the national economy. Volpi di Misurata, however, was directly involved in oil-related interests, working together with Fiat of Giovanni Agnelli, and with the financial backing of Banca Commerciale Italiana, which had searched for oil in Emilia-Romagna, unsuccessfully. In 1927 the Mining Act was issued, which gave the ownership of the subsoil to the State and imposed the rule that any oil-related activity was subject to authorization and / or government grant.<br />
<br />
It experienced difficulties after the crisis of 1929, but began to flourish in the 1930s. In 1933, a new law was issued in the field of protectionist refineries and Agip could operate with greater ease in this area.<br />
<br />
gip had a facility for refining at Fiume and in 1936 it took over a refinery at Porto Marghera, owned by Volpi di Misurata. Soon after it made an agreement with Montecatini for the creation of the joint enterprise Anic (Fuel Hydrogenation National Company), which was to pursue the derivation of fuel by hydrogenation of brown coal. Then Anic built two refineries to process the oil extracted in Albania from Azienda Italiana Petroli Albanesi (AIPA), a subsidiary of Agip. However the Albanian oil was of poor quality and its processing proved uneconomical.<br />
<br />
Simultaneously, however, because of the costs to support colonial campaigns, Agip had to give up to continue in some foreign investment, in particular it had to abandon their exploration campaigns in Iraq. It was the explorer Ardito Desio who found oil in Libya and in 1939 came the so-called "Petrolibia operation", in which Agip was linked to Fiat, with which the year before it had created an Italian company for synthetic fuels who wanted to explore the possibility of obtaining gasoline from synthetic chemistry.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">White-Westinghouse</span>
is a home appliance company formed by the acquisition of the
Westinghouse Electric Corporation's appliance unit by White Consolidated
Industries in 1975.<br />
<br />
Westinghouse Electric entered the
appliance industry by acquiring Copeman Electric Stove Company in 1917.
It moved production from Flint, Michigan to Mansfield, Ohio. Copeman had
begun manufacturing its first electric ranges in 1914. Electric ranges
were first demonstrated by Thomas Ahearn in 1892, gained in popularity
as electrification became widespread throughout the United States.<br />
<br />
The company claims to have made several important innovations:<br />
<br />
* 1930's refrigerators with sealed refrigeration units<br />
* 1930's room air conditioners<br />
* 1930's portable dishwashers<br />
* 1939 automatic washing machine that was not bolted to the floor.<br />
* 1950's Auto-defrost refrigerators.<br />
<br />
The
company manufactured both large and small appliances for many years.
Currently, appliances bearing the Westinghouse and White-Westinghouse
names are made under license from current trademark owner Westinghouse
Electric Corporation. They include Electrolux which acquired White
Consolidated Industries in 1986.<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-58453264752998264312012-10-17T14:00:00.000-07:002014-01-22T12:33:48.233-08:00REX (ELECTROLUX) IR260SL YEAR 1990.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8xx1TQXrOUS7zq2e-62gT2MUw-I6uTQSQbAP5EvRESjvsrFz1vu5wkFAcDvU8JRVsoyUHlRreQ7Ub6MrPrQ4UKiCr-JN4MJ1srvczAFTrViMWDe4UxcOaN8ExzGORRfK1BcBjtfILBc3Y/s1600/IMGH_06524__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8xx1TQXrOUS7zq2e-62gT2MUw-I6uTQSQbAP5EvRESjvsrFz1vu5wkFAcDvU8JRVsoyUHlRreQ7Ub6MrPrQ4UKiCr-JN4MJ1srvczAFTrViMWDe4UxcOaN8ExzGORRfK1BcBjtfILBc3Y/s1600/IMGH_06524__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqe3VwLADw2RCX9lkUIJDx0jIM1aNj5w9wKY1KkEWQ9zB7hqr_eQArfI57gQ8kT1E8BrNvtdl056vG5ZMFAMDK_Ih00o4wKzy-xdbJs-kZ2gGev1_DADVSF3OMeCB992s_GgkzDblsoWsV/s1600/IMGH_06526__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqe3VwLADw2RCX9lkUIJDx0jIM1aNj5w9wKY1KkEWQ9zB7hqr_eQArfI57gQ8kT1E8BrNvtdl056vG5ZMFAMDK_Ih00o4wKzy-xdbJs-kZ2gGev1_DADVSF3OMeCB992s_GgkzDblsoWsV/s1600/IMGH_06526__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFebfS3mdxAJHZnNSWTujDMHn6rXewWKJugQCY-1FYbDqVb_LKQsDy-F_aHMu_YC_o5dydj-N1lZgbU6Sv_FdLE10Ovkv4c8hTQJpm11hF-DQ9fzSg6ZNqp6UMEfg9cFH3XBDW5cgFEXj/s1600/IMGH_06527__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFebfS3mdxAJHZnNSWTujDMHn6rXewWKJugQCY-1FYbDqVb_LKQsDy-F_aHMu_YC_o5dydj-N1lZgbU6Sv_FdLE10Ovkv4c8hTQJpm11hF-DQ9fzSg6ZNqp6UMEfg9cFH3XBDW5cgFEXj/s1600/IMGH_06527__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3eGcqxJ8hlYUotpPJqRIVFfRLS_LVs323OPtvKKy-LX3N3j879uOeTJJXj8EbXSOHP_x6JfsFICHpV3zd3mC8VwUJ0SC8uc2wDbIn88oRvM1bvfHJNEB9oR6RX04GQiSDb8J01RjFFlQ8/s1600/IMGH_06528__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3eGcqxJ8hlYUotpPJqRIVFfRLS_LVs323OPtvKKy-LX3N3j879uOeTJJXj8EbXSOHP_x6JfsFICHpV3zd3mC8VwUJ0SC8uc2wDbIn88oRvM1bvfHJNEB9oR6RX04GQiSDb8J01RjFFlQ8/s1600/IMGH_06528__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjhp-Dr4ovnUWcEMvn7FLV47PZ0mWejE8s1G5Pqy8OI3iOGcglV0eHojTcRX-4WnsJdtVhbJIGBeCOrthLNNdQ3r_i6cWvStBALaqh_PNrNoRc_T4MCkYy-ehzI-OeO93TmcvhZmLIN8Mx/s1600/IMGH_06529__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjhp-Dr4ovnUWcEMvn7FLV47PZ0mWejE8s1G5Pqy8OI3iOGcglV0eHojTcRX-4WnsJdtVhbJIGBeCOrthLNNdQ3r_i6cWvStBALaqh_PNrNoRc_T4MCkYy-ehzI-OeO93TmcvhZmLIN8Mx/s1600/IMGH_06529__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3CoNem-lLgIDK2ZVJltNlRPnb3cg9aSg50hAW2DOtdOVeYGunnrI8AfX9A8hP8gbL2kn0C8xi1JJstIJKR7uriPlgPYs_oCgM_drsJe83JVQuDzfRv2LdYFt3kbUdnWQQAdOIEs9272wL/s1600/IMGH_06530__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3CoNem-lLgIDK2ZVJltNlRPnb3cg9aSg50hAW2DOtdOVeYGunnrI8AfX9A8hP8gbL2kn0C8xi1JJstIJKR7uriPlgPYs_oCgM_drsJe83JVQuDzfRv2LdYFt3kbUdnWQQAdOIEs9272wL/s1600/IMGH_06530__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv1RsOGp4T9CLt2hPByo6fZJ7P4MKo8LRIslLiLp-y-_L9rwVx5FjdEzlup1m9d0vO6KBbapmdAeE-tZsN8ytfsvwbXJ1NyLHXRRCJAEhIftcDg171Jj8ap1hyphenhyphenxbQW_ztiP_qcRd2ZsNy2/s1600/IMGH_06531__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv1RsOGp4T9CLt2hPByo6fZJ7P4MKo8LRIslLiLp-y-_L9rwVx5FjdEzlup1m9d0vO6KBbapmdAeE-tZsN8ytfsvwbXJ1NyLHXRRCJAEhIftcDg171Jj8ap1hyphenhyphenxbQW_ztiP_qcRd2ZsNy2/s1600/IMGH_06531__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAUTDk6nZwJyzccmymaDw33qWGCmcQcdKQrXnec-a0Ld17u6cMBSCdSzpsOU6s1-UR7raK6S3tl6_nO8ugWnHqVMbIyXnUT7tv21Bm5DnSfr-t-yhOK51zdaBOZOSJl3tTrrDU9Db34ET-/s1600/IMGH_06532__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAUTDk6nZwJyzccmymaDw33qWGCmcQcdKQrXnec-a0Ld17u6cMBSCdSzpsOU6s1-UR7raK6S3tl6_nO8ugWnHqVMbIyXnUT7tv21Bm5DnSfr-t-yhOK51zdaBOZOSJl3tTrrDU9Db34ET-/s1600/IMGH_06532__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEfiLBfMqBv0r02cO8ATjs_eYpt7krCnaHPntf0b1xwbRdn1m4t2ncJbVl67EbaXk1MM4e-9ZB9vsgNB0OQZo2yaIMzo-fYbRYIml3vL30FTvFzEQah2cNGnL6NMGekcCDB2ebzaH2BYSn/s1600/IMGH_06532__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsaSt2Vv_afV_WgRjaQVMDM0hPdDGhIRb0PNRgnzPItQoT50DOzy_QAhTcx5Klrt6F733UD9HwEqo1AXlEMIzUH21Fxjwo1vISuuVJ9ZFQYS-hgJYejiEMlDijIUiLRLo12rY_vZQxT16v/s1600/IMGH_06532__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
This REX (ELECTROLUX) IR260SL was superficially scrapped by the
owner only for a defective THERMOSTAT which wasn't powering up the compressor, therefore no cool no party.<br />
Another asshole have had much interests in cutting the power cable which is another hateful behaviour performed by people. <br />
<br />
This was an easy
& cheap
FIX. (that idiot surently bought a modern cellular look refrigerator
toy in AAAAAAAAAAAAA+++++++++ asshole class)<br />
<br />
Obviously it was dirty and dusty, so I've cleaned and restored, fitted another power cable, changed the thermostat (rescued from an another identical fridge model but previously vandalized by someone to render it unusable cutting the capillar tube at filter level............) <br />
<br />
The REX (ELECTROLUX) IR260SL Refrigerator is really a beast it comes Up to
evaporation In the Freezer compartment in 35 sec after compressor start
even waiting a 24Hr complete stop and the Freezer compartment it's
cooled in a time inferior as 23 mins. (see pictures of the freezer)<br />
<br />
This REX (ELECTROLUX) IR260SL is a 1990 model fabricated by ELECTROLUX and it's fabricated in Susegana (Treviso, Italy) factory.<br />
<br />
It's super silent.<br />
<br />
All parts are original, the refrigerator was little used and throwed away............in working order or at least little money fixable..............but who cares now.............. it's here at <u><i><a href="http://freon12museum.blogspot.com/">freon12museum.</a> </i></u><br />
<br />
Compressor ZEM E80601.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u><i>The refrigerator here posted today was in perfect shape dumped........ then rescued by freon12museum and for that fact freon12museum dedicates this post of today to all ELECTROLUX workers loosing </i></u><u><i>todays </i></u><u><i>their workplaces at the factory because ELECTROLUX is redesigning the industrial assets to move production outside Italy. (Guess WHY)</i></u></span></blockquote>
<br />
At the end of March 2011 Electrolux and the sectoral trade unions
reached an agreement on the 2011-14 reorganisation plan. The company
envisages 740 job losses in plants located at Porcia and Susegana, in
the North of Italy. The agreement includes both traditional and
innovative measures to reduce the negative effects for redundant workers
and the areas they live in, including incentives for workers to take
redundancy or set up as entrepreneurs, as well as outplacement services.<br />
<br />
According to the company, fall in demand due to the recent economic
crisis and the need to acquire quotas in new markets (especially in
countries in the Far East) have required it to reorganise production
processes in some of its European plants.<br />
With regard to the
Electrolux Italian sites, the plan includes changes in the plant located
at Susegana (in the province of Treviso) and Porcia (in the province of
Pordenone), which respectively produce refrigerators and washing
machines.<br />
In particular, the company will concentrate on the
production of high-quality built-in refrigerators at its Susegana plant,
and the production of medium-to-high quality washing machines (with the
brands AEG and Electrolux) in the Porcia plant. Production lines will
be reorganised and volumes reduced.<br />
Consequently the plan
envisages several job cuts: 332 at its Susegana plant (in addition to
115 job losses resulting from the 2008 reorganisation plan), and 198 at
the Porcia plant (in addition to 89 job cuts derived from the 2010
reorganisation plan). In total, the agreement allows for around 740 job
losses instead of the 800 first announced by the company.<br />
The
agreement envisages new investment of €150 million for the next three
years, 60% of which will be put into the creation of new products and
40% into the production process.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Thanks to Italian government to take care of shitty asshole migrants & gay instead of taking care of your own people and the factoryes conglomerates to mantain the workplaces.</b> <u>Thank you so much !!!</u></span></blockquote>
<br />
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs0ZbAS4_A1hCQWR-_ab4x4cWIM1KkBwl7S4Bzr473QHRSYkwi4weJK9VE_Lhon9X1Zw4kySRRRKyC0wqaJ21FVbzclitxbHPMtFAluOlbugAlO8W6NwjVTpL0ZHKm40sO3LjQR96QuFwO/s1600/IMGH_06534__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs0ZbAS4_A1hCQWR-_ab4x4cWIM1KkBwl7S4Bzr473QHRSYkwi4weJK9VE_Lhon9X1Zw4kySRRRKyC0wqaJ21FVbzclitxbHPMtFAluOlbugAlO8W6NwjVTpL0ZHKm40sO3LjQR96QuFwO/s1600/IMGH_06534__F12M.jpg" height="150" width="200" /></a></div>
<span id="goog_1854242214"></span><span id="goog_1854242215"></span><br />
<br />
<b>REX (ELECTROLUX) IR260SL THERMOSTAT:K59L2536 (50215914008)</b><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #351c75;">
Temperature control with SPST switch and auxiliary switch<br />
for OFF position. Automatic defrost function by constant cut-in value.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
Terminal 3-4 closes at temperature rise<br />
Terminal 3-6 opens in OFF position (version C without auxiliary terminal 6)</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCpv8kuvFbEA49Hqj7jbG8O5rf7mra05hTjlbPrh2CegWTUNIOJXk44Rb0_mDa2qHR3tLhwQQncDHOmoRtCfjZP9JrGssoDm79C73O0c4DXkbxAT5X9HWwjIvzc_UeaF_T6Dncr1SsoQmN/s1600/REX-RI285-K59L1260FF-DIAG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCpv8kuvFbEA49Hqj7jbG8O5rf7mra05hTjlbPrh2CegWTUNIOJXk44Rb0_mDa2qHR3tLhwQQncDHOmoRtCfjZP9JrGssoDm79C73O0c4DXkbxAT5X9HWwjIvzc_UeaF_T6Dncr1SsoQmN/s320/REX-RI285-K59L1260FF-DIAG.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></div>
<br />
Closing
with rising temperature and auxiliary switch (terminal 3-6) connected
in series with the main switch breaks the current circuit as soon as the
temperature control is set to OFF position.<br />
The main feature of
the temperature control K59 is the cut-out point adjustable via the dial
shaft and the cut-in point remaining constant in all positions. As this
cut-in point normally is in the positive range, automatic defrosting is
initiated during each compressor stop period.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
In general type K59 is classified into 3 basic versions:<br />
Version A: as desbribed above<br />
Version
B: as desbribed above, but with so-called bellows heater. This is a
metal film resistor (82 kΩ) connected in paralle to the main switch,
which when the main switch is open (compressor stop period), heats the
control housing and bellows (diaphragm) of the capillary system. By this
the X-ambient effect (crossing of ambient temperature) is avoied in the
compressor stop period, i.e. defrost period of the evaporator.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw9GKcMMIgCHkARFTLaeJkaJWOBnQPCq4mXHA25N1JKdzSt_ytfA_MGEHsqlc1P0OTy5kU7ahiSo3Eroq3PYcxrUcvw1qekm1Ys7saU2A3y7-N_uPTocFZgtnocm383TvLSZExrVlAC9lr/s1600/IMGH_07093__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw9GKcMMIgCHkARFTLaeJkaJWOBnQPCq4mXHA25N1JKdzSt_ytfA_MGEHsqlc1P0OTy5kU7ahiSo3Eroq3PYcxrUcvw1qekm1Ys7saU2A3y7-N_uPTocFZgtnocm383TvLSZExrVlAC9lr/s1600/IMGH_07093__F12M.jpg" height="150" width="200" /></a></div>
Heating
of the bellows ensures that the defrost sensing point at the evaporator
is the coldest point of the capillary system. Perfect function of the
temperature control is guaranteed.<br />
Version C: without bellows heater and without auxiliary switch for cut-out.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br />
There
is a possibility to choose between the type with wnd that without OFF
position. OFF position here means manual opening of the main switch 3-4
within a dial angle of 45° and at the same time mechanical locking.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAGhPhWJGApR8hMHtg1CgrNRGPhVFRO_3hO7Dixdcvz2YZ8rrZuEqWzp_FB4r2Ga4meh9_eur2mGa3PsdCaoLLwD_k_w6SkjnsuPXqRaL77CnuDBIHUqxuuYTcIpNuB-MJor73OQFt4lsF/s1600/IMGH_07094__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAGhPhWJGApR8hMHtg1CgrNRGPhVFRO_3hO7Dixdcvz2YZ8rrZuEqWzp_FB4r2Ga4meh9_eur2mGa3PsdCaoLLwD_k_w6SkjnsuPXqRaL77CnuDBIHUqxuuYTcIpNuB-MJor73OQFt4lsF/s1600/IMGH_07094__F12M.jpg" height="148" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
The thermals of the thermostats identify the trend of the temperature in function of the knob<br />
position.<br />
The cut-out thermal interrupts the compressor power, while the cut-in thermal powers the<br />
compressor.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br />
The “min” position of the thermostat knob corresponds to the highest temperatures (generally<br />
indicated with no. 1).</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPhj1bB2kAJL0d_NVNkX5tG391zZte4Bd0qayyDCcn4CPFduuS-C608Obvn7klfuVm8AWtjdtVaSENcg95lCurqvm23GdAkrBH7IGiY55O5cJA-VxXhft-2QEZ45NaPlP1Yym3-hh1kYDd/s1600/IMGH_07096__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPhj1bB2kAJL0d_NVNkX5tG391zZte4Bd0qayyDCcn4CPFduuS-C608Obvn7klfuVm8AWtjdtVaSENcg95lCurqvm23GdAkrBH7IGiY55O5cJA-VxXhft-2QEZ45NaPlP1Yym3-hh1kYDd/s1600/IMGH_07096__F12M.jpg" height="200" width="150" /></a></div>
The “max” position of the thermostat knob corresponds to the lowest temperatures (generally<br />
indicated with no. 6).</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br />
The cut-in and cut-out thermals can have a “linear” or “bent” trend. In case of replacement of<br />
a thermostat with a “linear” thermal with one having a “bent” thermal or vice-versa, you need<br />
to consider that, in the intermediate positions, the temperatures of the “bent” thermal are<br />
lower if compared to the temperatures of the “linear” thermal.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
The sleeve used for covering the capillary has two functions:</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPBIZ9Thy4HXsKG-vTURfsP6-cFoCw2KkXCTFbVkPdwxuGhUDIwbIrtOd6yeVY9y1-rz9OjmzEhKl1aS2Yp4su2d-tcz6fg0UZchwNS0hBqKgnnCWebgNw3NAEzNJto_VGhhBNlkDfC_Ur/s1600/REX-RI285-K59L1260FF-DIAG-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPBIZ9Thy4HXsKG-vTURfsP6-cFoCw2KkXCTFbVkPdwxuGhUDIwbIrtOd6yeVY9y1-rz9OjmzEhKl1aS2Yp4su2d-tcz6fg0UZchwNS0hBqKgnnCWebgNw3NAEzNJto_VGhhBNlkDfC_Ur/s320/REX-RI285-K59L1260FF-DIAG-2.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></div>
- to guarantee the safety of the users against electric shocks in case<br />
the capillary comes close to electric components;</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br />
- to guarantee the functionality of the appliance so as the capillary<br />
does not come into contact with cold parts, thus bypassing the<br />
reading of the bulb.</div>
<br />
<br />
<b>REX (ELECTROLUX) IR260SL REFRIGERATING APPLIANCE WITH SINGLE THERMOSTATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICE:</b>
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjhp-Dr4ovnUWcEMvn7FLV47PZ0mWejE8s1G5Pqy8OI3iOGcglV0eHojTcRX-4WnsJdtVhbJIGBeCOrthLNNdQ3r_i6cWvStBALaqh_PNrNoRc_T4MCkYy-ehzI-OeO93TmcvhZmLIN8Mx/s1600/IMGH_06529__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjhp-Dr4ovnUWcEMvn7FLV47PZ0mWejE8s1G5Pqy8OI3iOGcglV0eHojTcRX-4WnsJdtVhbJIGBeCOrthLNNdQ3r_i6cWvStBALaqh_PNrNoRc_T4MCkYy-ehzI-OeO93TmcvhZmLIN8Mx/s1600/IMGH_06529__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>The
present invention relates to a refrigerating appliance comprising a
refrigerating circuit provided with a thermostatic temperature control
arrangement.<br />
Particularly, but not exclusively, the present
invention relates to a multi-temperature refrigerating appliance
provided with a single thermostatic temperature control device.<br />
Two-temperature
refrigerating appliances are well known, having two main compartments
which are kept at different temperatures and provided with independent
access doors. Usually, one of the compartments is maintained at an
average temperature of about + 5 DEG C for preserving fresh goods,
whereas the other compartment is maintained at an average temperature of
about - 18 DEG C for freezing purposes.<br />
Preferably, such
refrigerating appliances utilize one single-compressor refrigerating
circuit in which two evaporators associated with relevant storage and
freezer compartments are connected in series. An embodiment of this kind
is for instance disclosed in EP-A-0 298 349.<br />
The temperature in
the refrigerating appliance, determined by alternate operative and
inoperative phases of the compressor, is usually controlled by means of a
single thermostatic control device which is capable of sensing,
directly or indirectly, the temperature of the evaporator associated
with the storage compartment.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><br />
More particularly, the compressor is
actuated when the temperature of the storage compartment evaporator
exceeds a given maximum value and is deenergized, in order to perform a
corresponding defrost phase of the storage compartment evaporator, when
the above temperature falls below a predetermined minimum value. The
temperature inside the compartments depends on the ON/OFF ratio in the
operating cycle of the compressor, as well as on the general dimensions
of the refrigerating appliance, its loading conditions and the ambient
temperature.<br />
It is known, in this condition, that when the ambient
temperature is particularly low the thermostatic control device makes
the compressor run with correspondingly reduced operative phases with
respect to the inoperative phases, in order to maintain the
predetermined average temperature of approx. + 5 DEG C in the storage
compartment. Under these operating conditions, therefore, the freezer
compartment is likely to be cooled insufficiently by the associated
evaporator, with a consequent deterioration of the goods contained in
the freezer compartment itself. Anyway, the long inoperative phases of
the compressor in case of particularly low ambient temperature cause
undesirably wide temperature fluctuations to occur in both compartments,
and this is in contrast with a desirable correct operation.<br />
In
order to overcome the above drawbacks it is common practice to provide a
so-called "balancing" heating element (consisting of a heating
resistance, for example) in the storage compartment, the heating element
being controlled by the thermostatic control device to be actuated in
place of the compressor during the inoperative phases of the compressor
itself.<br />
The amount of heat generated by the balancing resistance
during the defrost phases of the storage compartment evaporator
artificially compensated for the low ambient temperature, in this way
promoting a better ratio between the ON and OFF phases of the
compressor, thus enabling the freezer compartment to be refrigerated
correctly and causing narrower temperature fluctuations to occur in both
compartments.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ELECTROLUX) IR260SL Temperature control for a cycle defrost refrigerator incorporating a roll-bonded evaporator :</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>A temperat<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s1600/IMGH_06007.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>ure control system for a refrigerator including a roll-bonded
evaporator in the fresh food compartment in which is formed a
non-refrigerant carrying passageway extending the full width of the
evaporator. A temperature control located in the compartment includes a
temperature sensitive capillary tube portion extending substantially the
full length of the passageway so as to be subjected to the limited
environment of the passageway and accordingly responsive to the true
temperature of the evaporator.<br />
<br />
1. A cycle defrost
household refrigerator including a cabinet having an upper lower
temperature food compartment and a lower relatively high temperature
food compartment, evaporator means for refrigerating said compartments
comprising: <br />
a first evaporator located in said low temperature
compartment and a second evaporator arranged substantially vertically in
said relatively high temperature compartment and connected to said
first evaporator in series refrigerant flow relationship; <br />
means
for supplying liquid refrigerant to said liquid carrying conduits in
said first and second sections in series and for withdrawing evaporated
refrigerant therefrom; <br />
a temperature control means in said high
temperature food compartment including a temperature sensitive
capillary tube portion having a length corresponding substantially to
the width of said second evaporator; <br />
said temperature control
being operabl<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqe3VwLADw2RCX9lkUIJDx0jIM1aNj5w9wKY1KkEWQ9zB7hqr_eQArfI57gQ8kT1E8BrNvtdl056vG5ZMFAMDK_Ih00o4wKzy-xdbJs-kZ2gGev1_DADVSF3OMeCB992s_GgkzDblsoWsV/s1600/IMGH_06526__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqe3VwLADw2RCX9lkUIJDx0jIM1aNj5w9wKY1KkEWQ9zB7hqr_eQArfI57gQ8kT1E8BrNvtdl056vG5ZMFAMDK_Ih00o4wKzy-xdbJs-kZ2gGev1_DADVSF3OMeCB992s_GgkzDblsoWsV/s1600/IMGH_06526__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>e by the coldest temperature sensed along the length of
said capillary for causing said compressor to cycle off to cause
defrosting of said section of said evaporator; <br />
a passageway
positioned in heat exchange relationship to said second evaporator
extending substantially the entire width between the vertical sides
thereof; <br />
said passageway having a cross-sectional dimension for
allowing insertion of said capillary tube portion to a position
substantially the full length of said passageway and for insuring
thermal relationship between said capillary tube portion and said
passageway so that said capillary tube portion is subjected to the
limited environment of said passageway and the temperature of said
second section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
2. The household refrigerator recited in claim 1 wherein
said passageway is arranged below the liquid carrying conduits.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
3. The household refrigerator recited in claim 2 wherein
said passageway is formed to include a central apex from which said
passageway extends downwardly and outwardly. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. The household refrigerator recited in claim 3 wherein
there is further provided a drain means located below said passageway
for receiving defrost water from said second section of said evaporator.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjhp-Dr4ovnUWcEMvn7FLV47PZ0mWejE8s1G5Pqy8OI3iOGcglV0eHojTcRX-4WnsJdtVhbJIGBeCOrthLNNdQ3r_i6cWvStBALaqh_PNrNoRc_T4MCkYy-ehzI-OeO93TmcvhZmLIN8Mx/s1600/IMGH_06529__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjhp-Dr4ovnUWcEMvn7FLV47PZ0mWejE8s1G5Pqy8OI3iOGcglV0eHojTcRX-4WnsJdtVhbJIGBeCOrthLNNdQ3r_i6cWvStBALaqh_PNrNoRc_T4MCkYy-ehzI-OeO93TmcvhZmLIN8Mx/s1600/IMGH_06529__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>5. A cycle defrost household refrigerator including a
cabinet having an upper low temperature food compartment and a lower
relatively high <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>temperature food compartment, evaporator means for
refrigerating said compartments comprising: a one piece evaporator
formed of a pair of sheets roll-forged together to include liquid
carrying conduits between said sheets, said evaporator having a first
section located in said low temperature compartment formed in a U-shape
to include a back wall portion having substantially horizontally
extending upper and lower wall portions and having a second section
arranged substantially vertically in said relatively high temperature
compartment and connected to said first section by means of a relatively
narrow neck portion; <br />
means for supplying liquid refrigerant to
said liquid carrying conduits in said first and second sections in
series and for withdrawing evaporated refrigerant therefrom; <br />
a
temperature control means in said high temperature food compartment
including a temperature sensitive capillary tube portion having a length
corresponding substantially to the width of said second evaporator. <br />
said temperature control being operable by the coldest temperature
sensed along the length of said capillary for causing said compressor to
cycle off to cause defrosting of said section of said evaporator. <br />
a passageway formed between the pair of sheets of said second section
extending substantially the entire width between the vertical sides
thereof; <br />
said passageway having a cross-sectional dimension for
allowing insertion of said capillary tube portion to a position
substantially the full length of said passageway and insuring thermal
relationship between said capillary tube portion and said passageway so
that said capillary tube portion is subjected to the limited environment
of said passageway and the temperature of said second section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
6. The household refrigerator recited in claim 5 wherein
said passageway is arranged below the liquid carrying conduits.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
7. The household refrigerator recited in claim 6 wherein
said passageway is formed to include a central apex from which said
passageway extends downwardly and outwardly. <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. The household refrigerator recited in claim 7 wherein
there is further provided a drain means located below said passageway
for receiving defrost water from said second section of said evaporator.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION<br />
The present
invention relates to cycle defrost refrigerator wherein defrost of the
fresh food compartment evaporator is accomplished during the c<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjhp-Dr4ovnUWcEMvn7FLV47PZ0mWejE8s1G5Pqy8OI3iOGcglV0eHojTcRX-4WnsJdtVhbJIGBeCOrthLNNdQ3r_i6cWvStBALaqh_PNrNoRc_T4MCkYy-ehzI-OeO93TmcvhZmLIN8Mx/s1600/IMGH_06529__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjhp-Dr4ovnUWcEMvn7FLV47PZ0mWejE8s1G5Pqy8OI3iOGcglV0eHojTcRX-4WnsJdtVhbJIGBeCOrthLNNdQ3r_i6cWvStBALaqh_PNrNoRc_T4MCkYy-ehzI-OeO93TmcvhZmLIN8Mx/s1600/IMGH_06529__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>ompressor
OFF cycle primarily by convection of the relatively warm above freezing
fresh food compartment air and through the heat leakage entering the
fresh food compartment and more particularly to a control system for a
cycle defrost refrigerator incorporating a roll-bond evaporator. <br />
Generally
in a cycle defrost refrigerator the temperature of the fresh food
compartment is maintained by sensing the true temperature of the
evaporator. This requires that the entire length of the thermostat
control capillary tube be maintained in heat exchange relationship with
the evaporator. Traditionally many cycle defrost refrigerators suffer
from the inability of the control capillary to sense the true fresh food
evaporator conditions under critical usage conditions. This often
results from the inconsistencies of arranging the control capillary tube
relative to the fresh food evaporator so that it will sense accurate
evaporator conditions. These control errors often result in residual
icing problems, premature compressor trip-offs, and a wide dispersal of
operating response characteristics. One common manner of securing the
control capillary to the evaporator to insure that the full length of
the capillary tube is in contact with the evaporator has been to employ a
plurality of clamps spaced along the entire length of the capillary
tube. This method requires the use of external parts and labor to secure
them to the evaporator and falls short of solving the problem since the
relatively small diameter capillary tube realistically cannot conform
to the surface of the evaporator.<br />
<br />
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION<br />
An
object of the present invention is to provide a passageway which
extends across the full width of the roll-bonded plate evaporator and
whose cross-<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFebfS3mdxAJHZnNSWTujDMHn6rXewWKJugQCY-1FYbDqVb_LKQsDy-F_aHMu_YC_o5dydj-N1lZgbU6Sv_FdLE10Ovkv4c8hTQJpm11hF-DQ9fzSg6ZNqp6UMEfg9cFH3XBDW5cgFEXj/s1600/IMGH_06527__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFebfS3mdxAJHZnNSWTujDMHn6rXewWKJugQCY-1FYbDqVb_LKQsDy-F_aHMu_YC_o5dydj-N1lZgbU6Sv_FdLE10Ovkv4c8hTQJpm11hF-DQ9fzSg6ZNqp6UMEfg9cFH3XBDW5cgFEXj/s1600/IMGH_06527__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>sectional area assures introduction of the capillary tube to
a position occupying the full length of the passageway so that it is in
contact with the walls of the passageway. <br />
By the present
invention there is provided in a houshold refrigerator having an upper
low temperature food compartment and a lower relatively high temperature
food compartment including a one-piece evaporator for refrigerating the
compartments. The one piece evaporator is formed of a pair of sheets
roll-forged together to include liquid carrying conduits between the
sheets. The evaporator has a first section located in the low
temperature compartment and a second section arranged substantially
vertically in the relatively high temperature compartment and connected
to the first section by means of a relatively narrow neck portion. A
hermetic compressor supplies liquid refrigerant to the liquid carrying
conduits in the evaporator sections in series and for withdrawing
evaporated refrigerant therefrom. Located in the high temperature
compartment is a temperature control means including a temperature
sensitive capillary tube portion. A passageway is formed between the
pair of sheets of the second section of the evaporator. The passageway
is located below the liquid carrying conduits and extends between the
vertical edges of the second section. The passageway has a
cross-sectional area which is dimensioned to allow easy insertion of the
capillary tube to a position where it occupies substantially the full
length of the passageway while at the same time insuring accurate
thermal response between the temperature sensitive capillary tube
portion and passageway walls so that the capillary tube portion is
subjected to the limited environment of the passageway and accordingly
the true temperature of the second section of the evaporator.<br />
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS<br />
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a two compartment refrigerator incorporating the present invention; <br />
FIG.
2 is a partial front elevational view with the cabinet door removed
showing the lower compartment evaporator incorporating the present
invention; <br />
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view along line
3--3 of FIG. 2 showing the arrangement of the control tube in
conjunction with the illustrated embodiment of the present invention;
and <br />
FIG. 4 is a diagramatic showing of the one-piece two-section
evaporator incorporated in the embodiment of the present invention.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp7b-QFYb39wQ3FFbZeGmYqSCJmkuEeaBG6qU6-1tnuALx5ITBy3zYYpaBt-BBUkbcdi7gUmzwKyidB7ibGEgJRjUOMO3fhIc8L2msVNtBNbk4hchDJRKRs6CzLqDpwJwk3d9UxOhqjUBh/s1600/ROLL-BOND-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp7b-QFYb39wQ3FFbZeGmYqSCJmkuEeaBG6qU6-1tnuALx5ITBy3zYYpaBt-BBUkbcdi7gUmzwKyidB7ibGEgJRjUOMO3fhIc8L2msVNtBNbk4hchDJRKRs6CzLqDpwJwk3d9UxOhqjUBh/s320/ROLL-BOND-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION<br />
Referring
now to the drawing wherein a preferred embodiment of the invention has
been shown, reference numeral 10 generally designates a conventional
insulated refrigerator cabinet having a below freezing frozen food
compartment 12 disposed in the upper part of the cabinet, an above
freezing main food storage compartment 14 disposed below the freezer
compartment 12, and a machinery compartment 16 arranged in the bottom
portion of the cabinet. The frozen food compartment 12 is adapted to be
maintained at a temperature low enough to properly preserve frozen food
for long periods of time. Thus, the temperature therein is preferably
maintained somewhere between -10° F. and 10° F. The main food storage
compartment 14 is preferably maintained at temperatures above freezing
but low enough to properly refrigerate perishable unfrozen foods. It has
been found that temperatures in the range of 37° to 40 20 F. are most
satisfactory for this purpose. <br />
The compartments 12 and 14 are
refrigerated by a one-piece roll-forged evaporator including evaporators
sections 20 and 22 respectively which are connected in series flow in
the refrigerant circuit. The refrigerating system used for maintaining
the compartments 12 and 14 within the desired temperature ranges
mentioned above employs a conventional motor compressor unit 18 which is
adapted to be mounted in the machinery compartment 16 and which
discharges compressed refrigerant into the condenser 24 positioned
across the outside back wall of the refrigerator. Condense<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s1600/IMGH_06007.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>d liquid
refrigerant from the condenser 24 then flow thru a conventional
capillary tube (not shown) to the evaporator section 20 located in the
freezer compartment and then to the series connected evaporator section
22 located in the food storage compartment 14.<br />
<br />
The evaporators
sections 20 and 22 are fabricated from two superimposed planar sheets
made in one piece by a roll-forging operation. While the present
invention does not reside in a roll-forging method as such, a brief
general description of this method is included in order to facilitate a
complete understanding of all aspects of the invention. The pair of
sheets are superimposed upon one another with a pattern of stop-weld
material coated on the one sheet. The stop-weld material provided
between the sheets prevents the sheets from adhering to one another
throughout the coated area. Following the roll-forging operation fluid
under pressure is supplied between the sheets so as to dilate the sheets
for the purpose of forming refrigerant passages corresponding to the
pattern of the stop-weld material. The stop-weld material is so applied
that the internal refrigerant passages extend throughout the major
portion of the plate and in effect form two spaced evaporator sections
connected in series refrigerant flow relationship. A slot 26 is cut in
the composite plate after the roll-forging operation as shown in FIG. 4
so as to separate the evaporator section 20 from evaporator section 22
except at the narrow neck 28.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s1600/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s320/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
This narrow neck 28 includes a refrigerant
passages 30 (FIGS. 2 & 4), which connects the evaporator section 20
in series with the evaporator section 22. In installing the evaporator
sections 20 and 22 in the cabinet the evaporator section 22 may be
arranged as shown in FIG. 2 with its vertical side edges 32 adjacent to
side walls 34 of the food storage compartment cabinet and substantially
parallel to the rear wall of compartment 14 as shown in FIG. 1. The
evaporator section 20 as best shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 is folded into a
U-shape configuration including a back wall 36 and horizontally
extending top and bottom walls 38. It should be noted that other
configurations of the freezer compartment evaporator may be used in
conjunction with the present invention. <br />
The temperature of the
fresh food compartment 14 is regulated by a thermostatically operated
temperature control 40 mounted on one side wall 34 in the compartment
14. The control 40 includes a manually adjustable control knob 41 used
to select the fresh food compartment temperature and a control capillary
tube 42 arranged as will be explained fully to be in contact with the
lower portion of the evaporator section 22. The control 40 is used for
starting and stopping the motor compressor unit 18 in response to the
selected refrigeration requirements. The control 40 is of the type which
is adapted to close the circuit to the motor compressor unit 18 when
the temperature of the coldest portion of the control capillary 42 is a
few degrees above the melting temperature of the frost which may form on
the evaporator section 22 during the "ON" cycle of t<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjhp-Dr4ovnUWcEMvn7FLV47PZ0mWejE8s1G5Pqy8OI3iOGcglV0eHojTcRX-4WnsJdtVhbJIGBeCOrthLNNdQ3r_i6cWvStBALaqh_PNrNoRc_T4MCkYy-ehzI-OeO93TmcvhZmLIN8Mx/s1600/IMGH_06529__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjhp-Dr4ovnUWcEMvn7FLV47PZ0mWejE8s1G5Pqy8OI3iOGcglV0eHojTcRX-4WnsJdtVhbJIGBeCOrthLNNdQ3r_i6cWvStBALaqh_PNrNoRc_T4MCkYy-ehzI-OeO93TmcvhZmLIN8Mx/s1600/IMGH_06529__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>he compressor and
is adapted to open the circuit to the compressor when the temperature of
the coldest portion of the control capillary 42 approaches the selected
evaporator OFF temperature. The relative sizes of the evaporators 20
and 22 and the arrangement of the passages therein are such to provide
for automatic defrosting of the evaporator section 22 during the OFF
cycle without defrosting the evaporator section 20. It is important to
note that the control capillary 42 responds to evaporator temperatures
rather than the temperature of the air in the food compartment as it has
been found that the temperature of the air in the food storage
compartment may be maintained substantially between 37° and 40° F. at
all times even though the temperature of the evaporator 22 sensed by the
bulb 42 fluctuates over a wide range such as -6° F. to 37° F. The
temperature values given herein are primarily for purposes of
illustration and may be varied to suit different requirements. <br />
In
order for the capillary tube 42 to r<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s1600/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s320/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>espond to true evaporator
temperature rather than air temperature and to obtain accurate
temperature control it must control from the coldest point. In
conventional practice this can only be accomplished if the capillary
tube is securely and accurately positioned to be in direct contact with
the evaporator surface over its full intended sensing contact area or
length. To obtain uniform temperature calibrations for a multitude of
cabinets of the same type, it is necessary that the same predetermined
length of control bulb be arranged in heat exchange relationship with
the evaporator wall in each cabinet and that this entire length be in
heat relationship with the evaporator. <br />
By the present invention
the capillary tube 42 is positioned so as to respond to true evaporator
conditions. To this end an open non-refrigerant passageway 50 is formed
in the evaporator section 22. The passageway 50 as seen in FIG. 2 is
positioned below the lowermost refrigerant pass 52 and the lower edge 54
of the evaporator 22. The passageway 50 extends across the full width
of the evaporator and diverges downwardly and outwardly from a central
apex 56. The capillary tube 42 is inserted the full length of the
passageway 50 as shown by broken lines in FIG. 2 so as to be exposed to
temperatures across the full width of the evaporator. For example, the
temperature in the inlet area of refrigerant pass 52 might be different
than that in outlet area of pass 52. <br />
The length and
cross-sectional area of the passageway 50 relative to the diameter and
length of capillary tube 42 is such that the capillary tube 42 may be
easily inserted therein while at the same time insuring that a thermal
relationship is maintained between the<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFebfS3mdxAJHZnNSWTujDMHn6rXewWKJugQCY-1FYbDqVb_LKQsDy-F_aHMu_YC_o5dydj-N1lZgbU6Sv_FdLE10Ovkv4c8hTQJpm11hF-DQ9fzSg6ZNqp6UMEfg9cFH3XBDW5cgFEXj/s1600/IMGH_06527__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFebfS3mdxAJHZnNSWTujDMHn6rXewWKJugQCY-1FYbDqVb_LKQsDy-F_aHMu_YC_o5dydj-N1lZgbU6Sv_FdLE10Ovkv4c8hTQJpm11hF-DQ9fzSg6ZNqp6UMEfg9cFH3XBDW5cgFEXj/s1600/IMGH_06527__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> capillary and evaporator. The
capillary 42 is so positioned in the passageway 50 that it sees only the
limited environment generated by the highly conductive walls of the
passageway. In the control employed in carrying out the present
invention the capillary controls from the coldest point along its
length. The arrangement of the capillary and passageway extending across
the evaporator insures that Off cycle will be initiated from coldest
point along the width of the evaporator which is below freezing and an
ON cycle which is initiated from the coldest part of the evaporator
which is above the freezing temperature. The passageway 50 as stated
above in effect creates an environment in which the capillary tube 40
can sense the true temperature of the evaporator. <br />
By the present
arrangement a constant temperature difference between the control
capillary and the evaporator is generated which insures a consistent
refrigeration cycle initiation and termination with respect to true
evaporator conditions such as overall average temperature and frost
conditions. <br />
The capillary tube due to its location below the
lowest refrigerant carrying pass senses the descending defrost water
which impinges on the outer surface of the passageway. The above
freezing temperature of the defrost water contacting the passageway 50
influences the temperature of the evaporator and accordingly the
temperature sensed by the capillary tube 42. Defrost water impinging on
the passageway 50 tends to flow downwardly toward the outer edges 32 and
into trough 58 where it flows into a drain tube 60 to be disposed of by
evaporation in the machine compartment 16 in any suitable manner (not
shown). <br />
While in the embodiment shown a single or one-piece
evaporator is shown it<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqe3VwLADw2RCX9lkUIJDx0jIM1aNj5w9wKY1KkEWQ9zB7hqr_eQArfI57gQ8kT1E8BrNvtdl056vG5ZMFAMDK_Ih00o4wKzy-xdbJs-kZ2gGev1_DADVSF3OMeCB992s_GgkzDblsoWsV/s1600/IMGH_06526__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqe3VwLADw2RCX9lkUIJDx0jIM1aNj5w9wKY1KkEWQ9zB7hqr_eQArfI57gQ8kT1E8BrNvtdl056vG5ZMFAMDK_Ih00o4wKzy-xdbJs-kZ2gGev1_DADVSF3OMeCB992s_GgkzDblsoWsV/s1600/IMGH_06526__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> should be noted that evaporator sections 20 and
22 may be separately formed and connected by appropriate refrigerant
tubing. <br />
Further, the passageway 50 may be formed by brazing or
adhesively bonding a tube member to the plate evaporator. A tube so
bonded to the evaporator would create the same environment for the
capillary tube as formed passageway 50 does in that the capillary would
still be in a position to sense true evaporator temperature. <br />
It
should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiment
described heretofore is considered to be the presently preferred form of
this invention. In accordance with the Patent Statues, changes may be
made in the disclosed apparatus and the manner in which it is used
without actually departing from the true spirit and scope of this
invention. </div>
</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ELECTROLUX) IR260SL Method for making an improved evaporator. </b></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqe3VwLADw2RCX9lkUIJDx0jIM1aNj5w9wKY1KkEWQ9zB7hqr_eQArfI57gQ8kT1E8BrNvtdl056vG5ZMFAMDK_Ih00o4wKzy-xdbJs-kZ2gGev1_DADVSF3OMeCB992s_GgkzDblsoWsV/s1600/IMGH_06526__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqe3VwLADw2RCX9lkUIJDx0jIM1aNj5w9wKY1KkEWQ9zB7hqr_eQArfI57gQ8kT1E8BrNvtdl056vG5ZMFAMDK_Ih00o4wKzy-xdbJs-kZ2gGev1_DADVSF3OMeCB992s_GgkzDblsoWsV/s1600/IMGH_06526__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>A method for making an evaporator of the roll-bond type comprises a
first step of inserting a return pipe (1) into a passage (3) formed
between the two bonded sheets of the roll-bond evaporator (4), a second
step of compressing said passage (3) about the terminal portion (8) of
said return pipe so as to form a narrow and substantially annular space
(12) between said roll-bond passage (3) and a length of said return pipe
(1) inserted into said passage, and a subsequent third step consisting
of the injection of a semi-fluid substance having sealing and adhesive
properties into a further passage (9) obtained by suitably forming the
two roll-bonded sheets and having one of its ends provided with a port
(11) opening into said space (12), so that and until said substance
progressively fills all or part of its volume.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQEp6I4GccjQIkVxE4tryiR5lbeCq3OnU0XEY1glHkOhLnYmqNYZKjomkcy9QCWnSLEviIKCicQGrJja-NLV7CE14kEPvdJTQRgapB5QAVpyNMa5vuCR_Dt-NP5ns6dJfDupbC01FRtKXO/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQEp6I4GccjQIkVxE4tryiR5lbeCq3OnU0XEY1glHkOhLnYmqNYZKjomkcy9QCWnSLEviIKCicQGrJja-NLV7CE14kEPvdJTQRgapB5QAVpyNMa5vuCR_Dt-NP5ns6dJfDupbC01FRtKXO/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. A method for making an evaporator of the roll bond type,
particularly for use in domestic refrigerating appliances, with a frist
step comprising the insertion of a return pipe into a retrun passage
formed between the two bonded sheet layers of the roll bond evaporator, a
second step comprising the compression of said return passage about an
end portion of said return pipe so as to form a narrow substantially
annular space, preferably of a length of at least 20 mm, between the
inner wall of said return passage and the outer face of said return pipe
inserted therein, characterized by the provision of a third step
comprising the injection of a semi-fluid substance having sealing and
adhesive properties into a further passage (9) obtained by suitably
shaping the two sheet layers of the roll bond structure, said further
passage (9) having at one of its ends a port (11) opening into said
space (12), so that and until said substance progressively fills all or
part of the volume of said space. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that
said port (11) opens into said space (12) substantially adjacent the
bottom thereof. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that
said sealing substance is of the anaerobic polymerization type.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that
subsequent to the filling of said space (12), the corresponding area of
the roll bond structure is subjected to a heat treatment, preferably by
induction heating, for the polymerization of said sealing substance.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that
said induction heating step is carried out for an interval of about 10
to 20 seconds. <br />
<br clear="all" />
6. A method according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that said return pipe (1) is retained at a fixed
position within said passage (3) during the subsequent three steps of
the process. <br />
<br clear="all" />
7. A method according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the insertion of said return pipe (1) into said
passage (3) is carried out so as to avoid any contact between the two
components. <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that
said space (12) has a width of between o.2 and o.5 mm. <br />
<br clear="all" />
9. A refrigerating appliance provided with at least one
evaporator, characterized by being made with the employ of the method
according to any of the preceding claims. <br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
The invention relates to a method for fashioning a detail of
an evaporator of the roll bond type for use in a refrigerating
appliance, particularly of the domestic type, and to a refrigerating
appliance equipped with an evaporator fashioned by employing this
method.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqe3VwLADw2RCX9lkUIJDx0jIM1aNj5w9wKY1KkEWQ9zB7hqr_eQArfI57gQ8kT1E8BrNvtdl056vG5ZMFAMDK_Ih00o4wKzy-xdbJs-kZ2gGev1_DADVSF3OMeCB992s_GgkzDblsoWsV/s1600/IMGH_06526__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqe3VwLADw2RCX9lkUIJDx0jIM1aNj5w9wKY1KkEWQ9zB7hqr_eQArfI57gQ8kT1E8BrNvtdl056vG5ZMFAMDK_Ih00o4wKzy-xdbJs-kZ2gGev1_DADVSF3OMeCB992s_GgkzDblsoWsV/s1600/IMGH_06526__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
The invention is in particular applicable to a
refrigerator of the static function type or the forced circulation type,
with a single capillary or twin capillaries. For the sake of
simplicity, the following description will refer to the single-capillary
type, it being understood, however, that the invention is similarly
applicable to refrigerating appliances having more than one evaporator
and a corresponding number of capillaries.<br />
In refrigerant circuits
for domestic refrigerating appliances of a known type, the capillary
and the return pipe are connected to the evaporator by means of a
"union" using a length of pipe, preferably aluminum pipe, to be inserted
into a suitable cavity formed between the two aluminum sheets of which
the well-known "roll bond" evaporator is composed.<br />
As generally
known, the employ of the roll bond technique permits the manufacture of
the refrigerant circuit to be greatly simplified, although there are
certain shortcomings known to those skilled in the art and relating to
the method employed for making and connecting the evaporator.<br />
As a
matter of fact, in known refrigerating appliances equipped with a roll
bond evaporator, the return pipe is compression-fitted thereto by
exclusively mechanical means. This fitting technique is unable, however,
to guarantee hermetic sealing at pressures of more than about 5
kp/cm<2>, so that under certain circumstances the high-pressure
fluid tends to leak from the mechanic connection and to thereby escape
from the refrigerant circuit.<br />
The gravest inconvenience resulting
from this technique is the possibility of the escape of gaseous
refrigerant into the ambient atmosphere. This is because the connection
of the return pipe to the return passage of the roll bond evaporator as
well as the connection of the capillary to the are generally
accomplished by the employ of well known procedures consisting in the
compression from the outside of determined portions of the roll bond
structure about the return pipe and the capillary at the locations of
the return passage and the inlet pasage, respectively, of the roll bond
evaporator.<br />
This compression-fitting process may be accompanied by
soldering the return pipe to the roll bond structure at the point of
entrance, or by the application of an adhesive having suitable
characteristics to the surface of the capillary and that of the return
pipe at the respective compression-fitting locations.<br />
The
discussed shortcomings derive from the fact that the soldering operation
is always a critical process with sometimes uncertain results, and in
any case rather costly. For this reason the soldering method is
whereever possible replaced by the application of adhesive at the
compression-fitting locations.<br />
On the other hand, however, the
application of an adhesive to the surface of the return pipe to be
inserted into the roll bond structure is not without problems caused for
instance by the formation of bubbles in the thin adhesive coating or by
the presence of adhesive-free areas resulting from the viscosity of the
adhesive or from the adhesive being scraped off by mutual contact
between complementary surfaces during the fitting process, which is
usually a manual operation. Finally, the manual application of the
adhesive may result in the presence of insufficient or excessive amount
of adhesive on different surface areas, giving rise to faulty sealing.<br />
The
escape of the gaseous refrigerant cannot always be detected in the
course of controls during the manufacturing process, particularly in the
case of extremely small leaks. The full impact of the defect is thus
noticed only after the refrigerating appliance has been put into use,
requiring the manufacturer to carry out extremely onerous and laborious
service operations, as well known by those skilled in the trade, without
any remedy in sight.<br />
The construction and maintenance of
refrigerating appliances of this type are thus rendered rather
complicated by the described operations which do not, moreover, lend
themselves to being readily automatized.<br />
It would therefore be
desirable, and is in fact an object of the present invention, to provide
a domestic refrigerating appliance in which the above discussed
shortcomings are avoided without incurring construction complications or
the necessity of novel technologies, so as to maintain low production
costs.<br />
These and other objects are attained in a refrigerating appliance as defined in the appended claims.<br />
The
invention will be more fully understood from the following description,
given by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings,
wherein: fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a first step in the
method according to the invention for sealingly connecting a return pipe
to a roll bond evaporator, fig. 2 shows a second step of said method,
and fig. 3 shows a third step of said method.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8AgM8pT56uXZpJUp8ebmxZ6Rk_xIJ9Ms-RllWFfkL1ZkWG-apLnbdYFU4J7doJWeYvfhsNj_wfIoN9cdM0h0SkHk6iKC-eMGPFQ8ulaYWAbUogg8XwxbQDjdBubJ7PCAtZUevPjI0kgwz/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8AgM8pT56uXZpJUp8ebmxZ6Rk_xIJ9Ms-RllWFfkL1ZkWG-apLnbdYFU4J7doJWeYvfhsNj_wfIoN9cdM0h0SkHk6iKC-eMGPFQ8ulaYWAbUogg8XwxbQDjdBubJ7PCAtZUevPjI0kgwz/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-2.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
The method according
to the invention is carried out in four distinct steps, the first one
of which comprises the insertion of a return pipe 1, with a capillary 2
enclosed therein, into a passage 3 formed between the two sheet layers
of a roll bond evaporator 4. The insertion of return pipe 1 into passage
3 has to be carried out in a manner ensuring that the two cylindrical
elements are maintained substantially coaxial with one another, or at
least with their respective surfaces out of contact with one another.<br />
To
this purpose the diameter of return pipe 1 is selected to be slightly
smaller than that of passage 3, so that a space 12 of preferably about
o.2 to o.5 is defined between the two respective surfaces.<br />
As
generally known, return pipe 1 is inserted to a predetermined position 5
of its inner end, while a certain length of capillary 2 projecting from
the end of return pipe 1 extends through a restriction 6 formed in a
linear extension 7 of return pipe receiving passage 3.<br />
This
positioning has to be maintained throughout the three subsequent steps
of the operation, but then the operations of inserting the components
and fixing them in position can be readily and fully automatised by one
skilled in the art.<br />
The second step comprises the compression of
passage 3 about an end portion 8 of return pipe 1, and of restriction 6
about capillary 2, and is performed in the conventional manner.<br />
The
third step of the process comprises the injection of a semi-fluid
substance having sealing and adhesive properties into a further passage 9
obtained by suitably shaping the two sheet layers of the roll bond
structure. As clearly shown in the drawings, possage 9 has an outwards
opening port 10 at one end, and at the other, a port 11 opening into the
narrow space 12 defined between passage 3 of the roll bond structure
and the length of return pipe 1 inserted thereinto.<br />
It is important that port 11 opens into the bottom portion of space 12 as shown in the drawings.<br />
The
pressure applied for the injection of the semi-fluid substance is
effective to ensure that the substance progressively and completely
fills space 12 so as to fully replace the air originally contained
therein, the length of space 12 having been selected with a view to
achieving a reliable sealing effect.<br />
It has thus been found that a
length of space 12 of at least 30 mm is sufficient to ensure such
reliable sealing effect to guard against gas losses, even when space 12
is not completely filled by the injected substance. Even when the air
has not been completely displaced from space 12, leaving a small air
pocket adjacent the closed end thereof, the desired sealing of the
connection will not be impaired.<br />
As a matter of fact, the hermetic
sealing of the connection is substanti<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqe3VwLADw2RCX9lkUIJDx0jIM1aNj5w9wKY1KkEWQ9zB7hqr_eQArfI57gQ8kT1E8BrNvtdl056vG5ZMFAMDK_Ih00o4wKzy-xdbJs-kZ2gGev1_DADVSF3OMeCB992s_GgkzDblsoWsV/s1600/IMGH_06526__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqe3VwLADw2RCX9lkUIJDx0jIM1aNj5w9wKY1KkEWQ9zB7hqr_eQArfI57gQ8kT1E8BrNvtdl056vG5ZMFAMDK_Ih00o4wKzy-xdbJs-kZ2gGev1_DADVSF3OMeCB992s_GgkzDblsoWsV/s1600/IMGH_06526__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>ally brought about by the
injected adhesive substance forming an annular diaphragm between, and
bonded to, the outer wall surface of return pipe 1 and the inner wall
surface of passage 3, this diaphragm being impermeable to the passage of
gas from one side thereof to the other.<br />
The formation of an
annular diaphragm having the above described sealing properties is
ensured by the injection of the sealing substance through the port 11
located, as has been pointed out, closely adjacent the bottom of space
12.<br />
It is preferable to employ a substance of the anaerobic
polimerization type and of very low viscosity, and thus capable of
penetrating even the smallest gaps of space 12 by capillary action.<br />
Preferred
in any case is the employ of a monocomponent anaerobic polymerization
substance, for instance TOPFIX NA 84 supplied by CECA company, which
requires a certain time for setting at least to a degree permitting the
evaporator to be subsequently handled as for mounting it in a
refrigerating appliance, without thereby endangering the previously
obtained seal.<br />
Since this time interval is usually not available
in an automatized manufacturing process with high production rates, it
is advisable to provide a fourth step which consists in performing a
heat treatment of the area previously supplied with the sealing
substance, preferably by subjecting the respective area to induction
heating for a very short time, for instance 10 to 20 seconds, by the
employ of a technique generally known to those skilled in the art.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0XjJLEjc0_OUIrMQGUyRUmwQ5oltdm_XAgCmMC14r6gYqm4_ok4JJHDP-57Zc3lu0dK_8Hh_z3fTz8icW3p2lUptlmz5dGKpyHjFCkrzUypuX-AEx6YEI8mgo6MbvedgjsQR3ioSpbxNC/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-3.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0XjJLEjc0_OUIrMQGUyRUmwQ5oltdm_XAgCmMC14r6gYqm4_ok4JJHDP-57Zc3lu0dK_8Hh_z3fTz8icW3p2lUptlmz5dGKpyHjFCkrzUypuX-AEx6YEI8mgo6MbvedgjsQR3ioSpbxNC/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-3.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
At
the end of this short period, the return pipe is perfectly sealed to
the roll bond structure, so that the evaporator is ready for further
processing.<br />
The preceding description has been given on the
assumption that the capillary 2 is contained within the return pipe 1.
The teaching of the invention still holds valid, however, when the
capillary 2 is to be connected to the evaporator independently of the
return pipe.<br />
The described method is thus conducive to obtaining
the following advantages: a) Rapid establishment of the connection
between the return pipe and the evaporator without the need for sealing
gaskets or other auxiliary parts, and without the necessity of a
soldering step, b) Simplified processing of the roll bond structure, c)
Simplification and flexibility of the manufacturing process (to be
carried out in separate steps capable of automatization), d) Overall
economy of the manufacturing process. e) Above all, the quality of the
connection is greatly improved as regards the obtention of a reliable
seal, particularly with a view to not readily detectable slow leaks.<br />
It
is of course possible to design refrigerating appliances with
modifications of what has been described above within the purvieew of
the present invention.</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFebfS3mdxAJHZnNSWTujDMHn6rXewWKJugQCY-1FYbDqVb_LKQsDy-F_aHMu_YC_o5dydj-N1lZgbU6Sv_FdLE10Ovkv4c8hTQJpm11hF-DQ9fzSg6ZNqp6UMEfg9cFH3XBDW5cgFEXj/s1600/IMGH_06527__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFebfS3mdxAJHZnNSWTujDMHn6rXewWKJugQCY-1FYbDqVb_LKQsDy-F_aHMu_YC_o5dydj-N1lZgbU6Sv_FdLE10Ovkv4c8hTQJpm11hF-DQ9fzSg6ZNqp6UMEfg9cFH3XBDW5cgFEXj/s1600/IMGH_06527__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ELECTROLUX) IR260SL </b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b>DEVICE FOR DRAINING WATER FROM A REFRIGERATING APPARATUS ON DEFROSTING THEREOF:</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>The invention relates to a device for draining water from a
refrigerating apparatus flowing from the evaporator thereof during the
defrosting phase. A device of this type essentially comprises a passage
extending through a wall of the apparatus and communicating with a
collecting receptacle for evaporating of the collected water. In known
devices of this type, the passage tends to become obstructed by food
particles, dust and the like carried in the drained water, necessitating
the passage to be regularly manually cleaned by the user. According to
the invention the passage has the approximate configuration of a venturi
nozzle, resulting in an air flow passing therethrough in opposite
directions as the door of the refrigerating apparatus is opened and
closed, whereby the passage is reliably kept free of obstructions.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgpElSVphWC5sKjALtzzVcmbCeigLp2Rx6_fIe5PrGCXNrKPielVwk4GfH4WF9A8UwE3m6b0WhC2XO67mL6i3Ac7sFfNkocTdJgjH2vv-JAj45H6tsTR7Tf9LTYhWXesRTKujrClpSmxT/s1600/IR023S-WATER--DEFROST-RECEPTACLE.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgpElSVphWC5sKjALtzzVcmbCeigLp2Rx6_fIe5PrGCXNrKPielVwk4GfH4WF9A8UwE3m6b0WhC2XO67mL6i3Ac7sFfNkocTdJgjH2vv-JAj45H6tsTR7Tf9LTYhWXesRTKujrClpSmxT/s1600/IR023S-WATER--DEFROST-RECEPTACLE.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. Device for Draining Water from a Refrig erating
Apparatus on Defrosting Thereof Patent Claim A device for draining water
from the evaporator of a refrigerting apparatus on defrosting thereof,
said device comprising a water collecting receptacle located below said
.vporator and dimensioned in conformity to said evaporator, a duct
portion connected to said receptacle and paasng at least partially
through a respective thermo-insulated wall of said apparatus, and
optionally a drain conduit communicating with said duct portion and
extending along the outer surface of said wall, said conduit terminating
adjacent a further water collecting receptacle located in the lower
portion of said apparatus, characterlged in that said duct portion (10)
is of conical. configuration converging towards said wall (11) so as to
define a passage (12) of reduced cross-sectional area, and in that there
is provided at least one profile element (114) adapted to be secured
through said wall (11) together with said duct portion (10), said
profile element (114) being formed with a first conical portion (15)
adapted to receive said duct portion (10) therein, and a second conical
portion (16) converging towards said first conical portion (15) and
formed with a projecting lip (17) at a position above said conduit (21).
<br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
Device for Draining Water from a Refrig erating Apparatus
on Defrosting Thereof Description The present invention relates to a
simple device for collecting the water set free by defrosting the
evaporator of a refrigerating apparatus and for draining such water to
the exterior of the apparatus.<br />
As generally known the defrosting
of <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>the evaporator of a refrigerating apparatus is normally carried out
by utilizing the heat produced by suitable electric heater elements
disposed in heat-conducting contact with the evaporator, such heater
elements being periodically energized and deenergized by thermostatic
control means ip response to the terperature sensed thereby.<br />
The
water set free by the defrosting operation is usually collected in at
least one receptacle disposed below the evaporator and dimensioned in
conformity therewith. The collected water is then drained to the
exterior of the apparatus through a cylindrical passage having a small
cross-sectional area connected to the receptacle and extending through
the rear wall of the apparatus.<br />
The passage itself is connected to
a further conduit having a larger cross-sectional area and extending
vertically along 'the outer surface of the rear wall to terminate
adjacent a further collecting receptacle provided in a lower part of the
apparatus.<br />
The water contained in the further receptacle is then
progressively evaporated by the heat produced by the condenser of the
apparatus, the latter being disposed along the outer surface of the rear
wall of the apparatus and extending partially into the further
receptacle.<br />
In another embodiment the further receptacle is shaped
to conform to a top portion of the compressor and disposed in
heat-translttlng contact therewith, so that the water contained therein
is progressively evaporated by the heat transmitted from the compressor
to the receptacle, If in an apparatus of the type described the water
collected in the receptacle contained within the refrigerating cell
below the evaporator contains any food particles, dust or the like, the
described passage and conduit tend to become clogged after some time, so
that the water can no longer be drained from the interior of the
refrigerating apparatus.<br />
As a result, the water will overflow into the interior of the refrigerating cell, with the resultant annoyance to the user.<br />
To
avoid this troublesome occurrence, known refrigerating appliances are
supplied with a small hand tool which may be inserted into the bores of
the passage and/or conduit for cleaning them of obstructions of the type
described above.<br />
In practical use it has been found, however,
that satisfactory results are only to be obtained if the user cleans the
passage and/or conduit at regular intervals in accordance with the
instructions by the manufacturer of the appliance.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFebfS3mdxAJHZnNSWTujDMHn6rXewWKJugQCY-1FYbDqVb_LKQsDy-F_aHMu_YC_o5dydj-N1lZgbU6Sv_FdLE10Ovkv4c8hTQJpm11hF-DQ9fzSg6ZNqp6UMEfg9cFH3XBDW5cgFEXj/s1600/IMGH_06527__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFebfS3mdxAJHZnNSWTujDMHn6rXewWKJugQCY-1FYbDqVb_LKQsDy-F_aHMu_YC_o5dydj-N1lZgbU6Sv_FdLE10Ovkv4c8hTQJpm11hF-DQ9fzSg6ZNqp6UMEfg9cFH3XBDW5cgFEXj/s1600/IMGH_06527__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a></div>
On the other
hand, however, the cleaning operation is often carried out in an erratic
fashion or not at all, resulting in the passage and/or conduit becoming
permanently obstructed, necessitating their replacement or repair by
skilled service personnel.<br />
The present invention aims at avoiding
the occurrence of this trouble yb providing a device for draining the
water from a refrigerating apparatus set free by defrosting there of,
the main object of the invention being the provision of such a device of
simple construction and simple and reliable operation, which is
effective to prevent the formation of obstructions of the above
described type without requiring any intervention on the user's part as
in known appliances of this type.<br />
These and other objects are
attained according to the invention in a device for draining water from a
refrigerating apparatus on defrosting the evaporator thereof,
comprising a water collecting receptacle located below the evaporator
and dimensioned in conformity thereto, a duct portion connected to said
receptacle and passing at least partially through a respective
thermo-insulated wall of the apparatus, and optionally a drain conduit
communicating with said duct portion and extending along the outer
surface of said wall to terminate adjacent a further water collecting
receptacle disposed in a lower portion of the apparatus In accordance
with the invention, a device of the type defined above is characterized
in that said duct portion is of conical configuration converging towards
said wall so as to define a passage of diminishing cross-sectional
area,<br />
and in that there is provided at least one profile element
adapted to be secured through said wall together with said duct portion,
said profile element being formed with a first conical portion adapted
to receive said duct portion therein, and a second conical portion
converging towards said first conical portion and formed with a
projecting lip at a position above said drain conduit.<br />
The
specific construction of the device according to the invention ensures
that the passages thereof are effectively cleaned of any food particles,
dust and the like, without manual intervention by the user, on each
opening and closing operation of the door of the refrigerating apparatus
by the air flowing through the passage on each such opening and closing
operation.<br />
The characteristics and advantages of the invention
will become more clearly evident from the following description, given
by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
fig. 1 shows a diagrammtical cross-sectional view of a refrigerating
apparatus equipped with a draining device according to the invention,
and fig. 2 shows an enlarged detail of fig. 1.<br />
A refrigeratign
apparatus shown in the drawings is in the form of a domestic
refrigerator 3 having a body 4 enclosing a refrigerating cell 5, and a
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgpElSVphWC5sKjALtzzVcmbCeigLp2Rx6_fIe5PrGCXNrKPielVwk4GfH4WF9A8UwE3m6b0WhC2XO67mL6i3Ac7sFfNkocTdJgjH2vv-JAj45H6tsTR7Tf9LTYhWXesRTKujrClpSmxT/s1600/IR023S-WATER--DEFROST-RECEPTACLE.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgpElSVphWC5sKjALtzzVcmbCeigLp2Rx6_fIe5PrGCXNrKPielVwk4GfH4WF9A8UwE3m6b0WhC2XO67mL6i3Ac7sFfNkocTdJgjH2vv-JAj45H6tsTR7Tf9LTYhWXesRTKujrClpSmxT/s1600/IR023S-WATER--DEFROST-RECEPTACLE.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a>door 6 hinged to the forward portion of body 4 for opening and closing
cell 5 from in front of the apparatus.<br />
Disposed in cell 5 is at
least one evaporator 7 secured i a conventional manner to a rear wall 8
thereof. Below evaporator 7 rear wall 8 is integrally forked with a
water collecting receptacle 9 dimensioned in conformity to evaporator 7.<br />
Receptacle
9 serves the purpose of collecting the water leaking down from
evaporator 7 when the latter is defrosted by means of conventional
heater elements (not shown), and to direct the collected water to the
exterior of the apparatus in a manner to be described.<br />
The lower
part of receptacle 9 is integrally formed with a duct portion 10 of
conical configuration converging towards the thermo-insulated rear wall
11 of the apparatus (fig. 2).<br />
Duct portion 10 is of a length
permitting it to extend partially through rear wall 11, and is formed
with a passage 12 of diminishing cross-sectional area.<br />
Inserted
between the inner panel 8 and an outer panel 13 of rear wall 11 is a
profile element 14 cooperating with duct portion 10.<br />
Profile
element 14 has a first conical portion 15 dimensioned for receiving at
least part of duct portion 10 therein, and a second conical portion 16
converging towards first conical portion 15 and formed with a projecting
lip 17. Planar wall portions 18, 19 and 20 of profile element 14 permit
the latter to be positioned in and secured to rear wall 11 of the
refrigerating apparatus.<br />
Profile element 14 is mounted in rear
wall 11 by first pushing first conical portion 15 onto duct portion 10,
followed by engaging wall portions 18 and 19 with outer rear wall panel
13, and wall portion 20 with inner rear wall panel 8 A further conduit
21 is secured in a con ventional manner tc the outer surface of outer
rear wall panel 13 at a position below projecting lip 17 of profile
element 124.<br />
As shown in fig. 1, conduit 21 terminates at its
lower end adjacent a further collecting receptacle 22 mounted on a cover
23 of the compressor 24 of the refrigerating appar-atus and shaped to
closely conform to said cover.<br />
Receptacle 22 is thus in
heat-transmitting contact with compressor 24, so that the heat emitted
by the latter is used for evaporating the water collected in receptacle
22.<br />
Receptacle 22 is preferably provided with a partition 25 for preventing the water from splashing over the rim of the receptacle.<br />
If
there is only a very small vertical distance between lip 17 of profile
element 14 and receptacle 22, conduit 21 may be eliminated, so that the
water flows directly into the receptacle.<br />
On the other hand,
receptacle 22 may of course be of different design and located at other
positions as in known refrigerating appliances, as long as proper
evaporation of the collected water is ensured.<br />
The formation of
the restricted passage 12 at the point of convergence of conical
portions 15 and 16 of profile element 14 results in the drain passage
being effectively cleaned of food particles, dust and the like carried
in the water set free by the defrosting operation, so that such water is
alway reliably drained into collecting receptacle 22.<br />
This
cleaning operation takes place in an automatic manner on each opening
and closing operation of door 6 as a result of air flowing through
passage 12 in the directions of arrows A and B. respectively.<br />
The
water draining device according to the invention is of simple
construction and reliable operation, and does not require manual
intervention on the user's part for cleaning passage 12, so that the
disadvantages and shortcomings of prior art draining devices are
effectively eliminated.<br />
<br />
<b>ZEM E80601 R12. </b><b>HERMETIC COMPRESSOR INTERNAL VIEW.</b><br />
Note: Internal pictures showing a slightly bigger model taken as example: <br />
<b><br /></b>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s1600/IMGH_05854.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s320/IMGH_05854.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfU_CoDNYRk5YBOJaXSHj3WAR8-XYoOzk9E08p3nnBKcGeMZTb0yOzjrg2LPXGCDvaXeL4Q9-5qQp42qFvK3pVW4GyqIAqfVSJFdbgH3sLvlOXu3OopOvvRA7ikh2M6TJKELJfKto71ZFZ/s1600/IMGH_05847.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfU_CoDNYRk5YBOJaXSHj3WAR8-XYoOzk9E08p3nnBKcGeMZTb0yOzjrg2LPXGCDvaXeL4Q9-5qQp42qFvK3pVW4GyqIAqfVSJFdbgH3sLvlOXu3OopOvvRA7ikh2M6TJKELJfKto71ZFZ/s320/IMGH_05847.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYluQYMx6QejAGW_tO2nZ97_oz2eLWUEOEcf6cKOdIbJBohs-xKr9SY_pec_f4wiBS553SokkeXpiORwEjYU7Xa2s31MmF20hG9JvoARzPz2PiRXXg6XRype1L4qmE77RQHHQfmBfmmalC/s1600/IMGH_05848.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYluQYMx6QejAGW_tO2nZ97_oz2eLWUEOEcf6cKOdIbJBohs-xKr9SY_pec_f4wiBS553SokkeXpiORwEjYU7Xa2s31MmF20hG9JvoARzPz2PiRXXg6XRype1L4qmE77RQHHQfmBfmmalC/s320/IMGH_05848.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibFByjq0213TzQ22yMExmmxzYHHHs5aajWCWiR_QIsHgMRqgdaZf_FodkGnZC2ADvq4a_O_OoXxg8eG0BAJCmydKjRIqIcnLGAuHGV-sBVxLWdXzIMhGFDjBiTluC0jPWgQfJTOzzcXR3r/s1600/IMGH_05849.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibFByjq0213TzQ22yMExmmxzYHHHs5aajWCWiR_QIsHgMRqgdaZf_FodkGnZC2ADvq4a_O_OoXxg8eG0BAJCmydKjRIqIcnLGAuHGV-sBVxLWdXzIMhGFDjBiTluC0jPWgQfJTOzzcXR3r/s320/IMGH_05849.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ5eDu1mFg3oAeRmqucTQRLxghNQiBn6BENSeaQuIcrOZg9VeNgsC6cBtmibkElKd8hG92rhLXRvlSCzoJoNfXdBPHPmkb1fJxhPd_VzvxWIYps1-5quCZu40xVrbzfhWxiZ4na0lBu8WY/s1600/IMGH_05850.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ5eDu1mFg3oAeRmqucTQRLxghNQiBn6BENSeaQuIcrOZg9VeNgsC6cBtmibkElKd8hG92rhLXRvlSCzoJoNfXdBPHPmkb1fJxhPd_VzvxWIYps1-5quCZu40xVrbzfhWxiZ4na0lBu8WY/s320/IMGH_05850.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXmz2JnBJE5KhwCJsFNm9r-tl6g1tzJJ25zKkS9Rg1TjTpLisT58R89_zInJrIDyhyd7hl8xujwEcdxSW5CxXIbuaM_sWHbITdsm0EIjT-M8iOhpvMeN673983aFATwIYGmLVaSMDyeW3V/s1600/IMGH_05846.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXmz2JnBJE5KhwCJsFNm9r-tl6g1tzJJ25zKkS9Rg1TjTpLisT58R89_zInJrIDyhyd7hl8xujwEcdxSW5CxXIbuaM_sWHbITdsm0EIjT-M8iOhpvMeN673983aFATwIYGmLVaSMDyeW3V/s320/IMGH_05846.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN4WzgsWIQvyLawbL7gLn7Wo_e-ONhBWxVUUrCYcXJYVdPU4yID6j1C_F_vgJO9kbAH5GLMsyhe47g6HpwV8VyQra9bJfq9k9MH2SkmVUkOoruSa9wbzAn2a6yf90jNnBdetzdkJjs2Si/s1600/IMGH_05853.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN4WzgsWIQvyLawbL7gLn7Wo_e-ONhBWxVUUrCYcXJYVdPU4yID6j1C_F_vgJO9kbAH5GLMsyhe47g6HpwV8VyQra9bJfq9k9MH2SkmVUkOoruSa9wbzAn2a6yf90jNnBdetzdkJjs2Si/s320/IMGH_05853.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_iW6BsI_Ih8iRxJ8oz_UcpanW1wXIJcVUl1yCU_iewSmx3Jv1FtZcNuPwLoVeccikVnP1kl9CVWX51azzznvapjxdwhEBaE-rtrDM_EI0A234FbPAeOiMHQT5IKn2TnDLkOF73up0vgr/s1600/IMGH_05845.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_iW6BsI_Ih8iRxJ8oz_UcpanW1wXIJcVUl1yCU_iewSmx3Jv1FtZcNuPwLoVeccikVnP1kl9CVWX51azzznvapjxdwhEBaE-rtrDM_EI0A234FbPAeOiMHQT5IKn2TnDLkOF73up0vgr/s320/IMGH_05845.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s1600/IMGH_05851.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s320/IMGH_05851.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s1600/IMGH_05852.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s320/IMGH_05852.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ELECTROLUX) IR260SL ZEM E80601 R12. </b><b>HERMETIC COMPRESSOR </b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Lubrication of sealed compressor: </b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_iW6BsI_Ih8iRxJ8oz_UcpanW1wXIJcVUl1yCU_iewSmx3Jv1FtZcNuPwLoVeccikVnP1kl9CVWX51azzznvapjxdwhEBaE-rtrDM_EI0A234FbPAeOiMHQT5IKn2TnDLkOF73up0vgr/s1600/IMGH_05845.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_iW6BsI_Ih8iRxJ8oz_UcpanW1wXIJcVUl1yCU_iewSmx3Jv1FtZcNuPwLoVeccikVnP1kl9CVWX51azzznvapjxdwhEBaE-rtrDM_EI0A234FbPAeOiMHQT5IKn2TnDLkOF73up0vgr/s320/IMGH_05845.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>Improved lubrication of sealed compressors having a crankshaft provided
with a longitudinal interior duct and a tubular member coupled to a
lower end of the interior duct and having a substantially cylindrical
upper section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil. An upper end of the internal lubrication duct ends in a
first substantially conical section and a second substantially
cylindrical section of variable contour depending upon the profile of
the upper end of the crankshaft. A spring may also be situated inside of
the tubular member. </div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>1. In a sealed
compressor including a sealed casing in which an alternating
motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the assembly including a
vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a longitudinal interior
lubrication duct communicating with points on an exterior surface of the
crankshaft and with an upper end of the same eccentrically to the axis
of rotation thereof, said assembly also including a tubular member
coupled to a lower end of said interior duct of the crankshaft and
comprising a substantially cylindrical upper section and a substantially
conical lower section adapted to be submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first
substantially conical section and a second substantially cylindric<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s1600/IMGH_05851.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s320/IMGH_05851.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>al
section of variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of
the crankshaft, and <br />
the profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft cutting the duct at a transition point between the second
substantially cylindrical section of variable contour and the first
substantially conical section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>2. In a sealed comp<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>ressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of a
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
formed as a closed loop ending with a lower leg extending towards the
lower substantially conical portion of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
3. In a sealed compres<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s1600/IMGH_05852.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s320/IMGH_05852.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>sor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on a
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped as a substantially inverted U with two arms and bent according to
a profile of the lower conical section of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
4. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
w<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN4WzgsWIQvyLawbL7gLn7Wo_e-ONhBWxVUUrCYcXJYVdPU4yID6j1C_F_vgJO9kbAH5GLMsyhe47g6HpwV8VyQra9bJfq9k9MH2SkmVUkOoruSa9wbzAn2a6yf90jNnBdetzdkJjs2Si/s1600/IMGH_05853.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN4WzgsWIQvyLawbL7gLn7Wo_e-ONhBWxVUUrCYcXJYVdPU4yID6j1C_F_vgJO9kbAH5GLMsyhe47g6HpwV8VyQra9bJfq9k9MH2SkmVUkOoruSa9wbzAn2a6yf90jNnBdetzdkJjs2Si/s320/IMGH_05853.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>hich an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, and <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped substantially as a U with upper free ends joined together and a
lower end shaped according to a profile of the lower conical section of
the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
5. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly inc<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s1600/IMGH_05854.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s320/IMGH_05854.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a>luding a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
formed as a closed loop ending with a lower leg extending towards the
lower substantially conical portion of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>6. In a sealed compressor including a sealed <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>casing in
which an alternating motor-drive compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped as a substantially inverted U with two arms bent according to a
profile of the lower conical section of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
7. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof. the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped substantially as a U with upper free ends joined together and a
lower end shaped according to a profile of the lower conical section of
the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION<br />
The present invent<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s1600/IMGH_05854.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s320/IMGH_05854.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a>ion relates to improvements in the lubrication system of sealed compressors for cooling fluids. <br />
Sealed
compressors for cooling fluids are known which include a sealed casing
with an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly housed in the
interior thereof, the assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft
provided with a longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating
with various points on the exterior surface of the crankshaft and with
an upper end of the same, eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof.
The assembly also includes a tubular device coupled to a lower end of
the interior duct of the crankshaft, such tubular device having a first
upper section substantially cylindrical and a second substantially
conical section with an end having an orifice for the introduction of
oil. <br />
In such compressors, the oiling of the parts that are in
friction is accomplished by means of the oil fluid supplied by the
tubular device, which, when rotating and immersed in an oil mass,
produces by centrifugal force the raising of the oil through the
interior duct of the crankshaft towards the oiling points of the
mechanism. Part of the oil exits out of the eccentric orifice at the
upper end of the crankshaft, propelled against the interior surface of
the sealed casing of the compressor. <br />
There are various patents
that disclose particular details of this oiling or lubricating system.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,410,478 discloses a cylindrical tubular device joined by
a conical section, as well as a wall placed in the interior of the
tubular device acting as a gate, such a wall being costly to construct.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,451,615 discloses a lateral outflow passage from an
eccentric upper section of the interior duct of the crankshaft.<br />
<br />
Lastly,
Spanish Patent No. 504,039 discloses a channel in the extreme upper
face of the crankshaft, arguing the lower cost of constructing such a
channel in relation to the lateral outflow passage disclosed in the
aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,451,615. <br />
It has been possible to
confirm that the current solutions of tubular pumping devices lose part
of their effectiveness as the compressor's operating temperature rises.
Under these conditions, the fluidity of the oil mass deposited in the
housing of the compressor reaches a point such that the oil mass loses
velocity of rotation in relation to the velocity of rotation of the
tubular device. Such device loses effectiveness as a centrifugal pump
due to sliding between the interior wall of the tubular device and the
layer of oil in contact with the wall. <br />
The aforementioned
interior wall that acts as a gate may, in part, solve the problem
described, but it has the drawback of having a high cost of
construction. Moreover, the orifice at the upper end of the crankshaft
should have a certain form, so that the oil that exits therefrom has
sufficient force to be propelled against the interior wall of the sealed
casing of the compressor. This certain form, in the compressors that
are known, entails significant difficulties in construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION<br />
With the improvements of the invention, the noted drawbacks can be eliminated. <br />
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to elim<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s1600/IMGH_05851.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s320/IMGH_05851.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>inate the drawbacks noted above with respect to the prior art. <br />
It is also an object of the present invention to simplify the lubrication of compressors. <br />
It is another object of the present invention to lower manufacturing cost of a lubrication system for compressors. <br />
It
is a further object of the present invention to compensate for the
decrease in oil viscosity caused by a rise in temperature in the
lubrication system of a compressor. <br />
These and other objects are
attained by the present invention which is directed to improvements in
the lubrication system of compressors for cooling fluids. According to
the present invention, the upper end of the interior lubrication duct in
a crankshaft of the compressor ends in a first substantially conical
section and a second substantially cylindrical section of variable
contour depending upon the profile of the upper end of the crankshaft.
This distinct configuration of the upper end of the lubrication duct
offers the advantage of greater simplicity in construction and
consequently a lower manufacturing cost, while at the same time
maintaining the same efficiency as other current forms of more
complicated configuration. <br />
Advantageously, the tubular device,
which is coupled to the lower end of the interior duct of the
crankshaft, is provided in its interior with a spring formed by an
elastic and resistant wire affixed by means of pressure and by insertion
of a part of the spring in a substantially conical section of the
tubular device or member submerged in oil (the tubular devic<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s1600/IMGH_05852.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s320/IMGH_05852.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>e comprises a
first substantially cylindrical upper section and a second
substantially conical lower section adapted to be inserted into oil).
The part of the spring submerged in the oil acts as a paddle propelling
the oil, and thereby compensating for decrease in oil viscosity caused
by the temperature. <br />
The aforementioned spring may have various
forms or structures in accordance with the present invention. In one
embodiment, the spring forms a closed loop which ends with a lower leg
thereof extending towards the lower substantially conical portion of the
tubular device or member. In a second embodiment, the spring takes the
form of two arms making a substantially inverted U, and bent according
to the conical profile of the tubular device. In another embodiment, the
spring takes the form of two arms shaped in a U and bent according to
the conical profile of the tubular device and with the free ends thereof
joined at the upper portion thereof. <br />
All the noted spring shapes
may be constructed with wire having a circular or a square
cross-section so as to improve the attachment thereof within the
interior of the tubular device or member.<br />
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS<br />
For
a fuller understanding thereof, the present invention will be described
in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which certain embodiments of the present invention are schematically
illustrated and to which the present invention is not intended to be
exclusively restricted. <br />
In the drawings, <br />
FIG. 1
illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of a sealed compressor of
cooling fluids, in which the improvements according to the present
invention are applied; <br />
FIG. 2 is a partially sectional side view
of a crank shaft and of a tubular device having the improvements
according to the present invention; and <br />
FIGS. 3 and 4 each illustrate springs for the tubular device illustrated in FIG. 2.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7VV6oJDWcxqVWPE1V6YOvwwuv7JMjP-vkycM7mxcEPfZ37G29TcU9rklSfRK_lk6ArrDjaz329Z7Zsi1qE-BFLb0whKY7MArRdvVIVQKvpXOia67jeF4QXmhANIpoKuO7zIakCtdJdN0a/s1600/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7VV6oJDWcxqVWPE1V6YOvwwuv7JMjP-vkycM7mxcEPfZ37G29TcU9rklSfRK_lk6ArrDjaz329Z7Zsi1qE-BFLb0whKY7MArRdvVIVQKvpXOia67jeF4QXmhANIpoKuO7zIakCtdJdN0a/s320/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS<br />
Referring
to FIG. 1, a compressor 1 includes a sealed casing 2 with an
alternating motor-driven compressor assembly housed in the interior
thereof, the assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft 3 provided
with a longitudinal interior lubrication duct 4 (FIG. 2) communicating
with various points 5,6 on the exterior surface of the crankshaft 3, and
with the upper end 7 of the same, eccentrically to the axis of rotation
thereof. The assembly also includes a tubular device 8 coupled to a
lower end of the interior duct 4 of the crankshaft 3, the tubular device
8 comprising a first upper section 9 that is substantially cylindrical
and a second lower substantially conical section 10 to be submerged in
oil. <br />
As can be seen in FIG. 2, the upper end 7 of the lubrication
duct 4 terminates in a first substantially conical section 11 and a
second substantially cylindrical section 12 of variable contour
depending upon the profile 13 of the upper end 7 of the crankshaft 3. <br />
As
also illustrated in FIG. 2, the tubular device 8 is provided in the
interior with a spring 14 formed by an elastic and resistant wire, e.g.
of tempered steel, and affixed by means of pressure and by insertion of
part of the spring in the conical section 10 of the tubular device or
member 8 which is adapted to be submerged in the oil. As shown in FIG.
2, the spring 14 takes the form of two arms 15 and 16 shaped into an
inverted U and bent at points 17 and 18 according to the conical profile
of the tubular device or member 8. <br />
In FIG. 3, the spring 14
forms a closed loop 19 ending with a lower leg 20 thereof extending
towards the lower conical part 10 of the tubular device 8.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-X6348kKhfNsjBT4Cj1MTMNep4CXCswQExUwrxQyTEKNmQczO1LVqX77TI9lkAlwD1cqqLqkW6zvrI8pcbVRhW9xK1gEHyVHDhqQJCO7dJE6xmZV6Aclh6ZxsHnV1ip7Tm3I9jZQliwCE/s1600/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-X6348kKhfNsjBT4Cj1MTMNep4CXCswQExUwrxQyTEKNmQczO1LVqX77TI9lkAlwD1cqqLqkW6zvrI8pcbVRhW9xK1gEHyVHDhqQJCO7dJE6xmZV6Aclh6ZxsHnV1ip7Tm3I9jZQliwCE/s320/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
The
spring illustrated in FIG. 4 takes the form of two arms 21 and 22 in the
shape of a U bent at points 23 and 24 according to the conical profile
of the tubular device 8 (i.e. the lower substantially conical section 10
thereof) and with the free ends 25 and 26 thereof joined at the upper
portion as illustrated. <br />
As described above, the springs are
introduced into the tubular device 8 with the lower portion thereof
situated in the conical section 10 to be submerged in oil. When the
crankshaft 3 rotates, driven by the rotor of the electrical motor, the
tubular device 8 rotates along with spring 14, with the lower part of
the spring submerged in oil acting as a paddle. <br />
The
characteristic form 11 of the outflow orifice in the upper end 7 of the
lubrication duct 4 permits the oil that flows through the eccentric duct
4 to be propelled in a continuous jet against the interior wall of the
casing 2. <br />
It follows from the description above that the
improvements according to the present invention allow for enhancement in
the lubrication of the crankshaft and in the propulsion of oil against
the interior wall of the casing 2 due to the springs 14 acting as
paddles, and allows for a reduction in the cost of manufacture of the
crankshaft 3 by simplifying the orifice at the upper end 7 of the
crankshaft 3 without diminishing the effectiveness thereof. Similarly,
the cost of construction of the spring 14 is much lower than the
previously described interior wall with respect to the prior art. <br />
The
preceding description of the present invention is merely exemplary, and
is not intended to limit the scope thereof in any way. </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>
</div>
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b>
<span style="font-size: small;">REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL Hermetically enclosed compressor with mechanical and electrical connection means:</span></b>
</div>
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>For an electrically opera<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>ted, hermetically enclosed compressor (2)
particularly for use in domestic refrigerators there is provided a novel
system for the electric connection of the compressor (2) to the
electric circuit of the refrigerator by means of a single support and
fixation system (13) on the compressor which may be used for
alternatively connecting two different components, one such component
being a conventional support adapted to receive onle the power supply
cables for the compressor, the other component comprising a complete
terminal strip (23) to which all the circuits of the refrigerator are
connected and which is designed for the automatized mounting thereon of
an electric connector.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOq19VOig7LsytvxWLhew-Np6EhxrzOI-1qFi2UiHSXVirQ1U7SAGLHXeQMC76KTR8OOHxlGVkfA60JBLRoX9TbmoC32yn3jH4B2RHxXrLR-GJYqK5EKoC44wbk53nYbS2QKZyGXEJQFiW/s1600/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOq19VOig7LsytvxWLhew-Np6EhxrzOI-1qFi2UiHSXVirQ1U7SAGLHXeQMC76KTR8OOHxlGVkfA60JBLRoX9TbmoC32yn3jH4B2RHxXrLR-GJYqK5EKoC44wbk53nYbS2QKZyGXEJQFiW/s320/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. Hermetically enclosed compressor (2) with a mounting base
(13) secured to the compressor for carrying the electrical connections,<br />
characterized by<br />
a support member (26) which is dismountably attached to the compressor
(2) and formed as a single module adapted to hold a starter (20) and a
thermal protection device (21); and<br />
two different cable connection
members, one being a terminal strip (22) and the other being a cable
clamping insert (24), the mounting base (13), the terminal strip (22)
and the cable clamping insert (24) being formed such that the terminal
strip (22) and the cable clamping insert (24) are selectively mountable
on the mounting base (13). <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. Compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that there is provided a housing (25) to cover the support member (26) and the cable connection member (22 or 24). <br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
The present invention relates to a hermetically enclosed compressor according to DE-B-26 04 764.<br />
According
to the actual state of the art, the design of the electric connection
of such compressors is fundamentally dictated by the design of the
electric circuit<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> of the refrigerator as a whole.<br />
The innumerable
possibilities of designing an electric circuit for a domestic
refrigerator manufactured on an industrial scale may be basically
reduced to just two alternative arrangements: the first of these
arrangements is directed to the provision at any suitable location
within the refrigerator of a suitable terminal strip or box so as to be
accessible from the exterior, usually from the rear of the refrigerator.<br />
Combined
in this terminal box or strip are the terminals of all the electric
component circuits of the refrigerator, the terminal box or strip being
internally provided with means for interconnecting the various component
circuits so as to result in a unitary circuit.<br />
The terminal box
or strip is finally connected to an external power supply cable to
thereby complete the wiring of the refrigerator. This solution is
represented by DE-A-31 42 773 with respect to the connections between
relays, the starter and the thermal protection device.<br />
The second
arrangement, applicable as an alternative to the first one proceeds from
the recognition that the compressor is usually provided with certain
electric components associated and connected thereto in a permanent
manner and required for ensuring proper operation of the compressor,
typically a starter and a thermal protection device.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAUTDk6nZwJyzccmymaDw33qWGCmcQcdKQrXnec-a0Ld17u6cMBSCdSzpsOU6s1-UR7raK6S3tl6_nO8ugWnHqVMbIyXnUT7tv21Bm5DnSfr-t-yhOK51zdaBOZOSJl3tTrrDU9Db34ET-/s1600/IMGH_06532__F12M.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAUTDk6nZwJyzccmymaDw33qWGCmcQcdKQrXnec-a0Ld17u6cMBSCdSzpsOU6s1-UR7raK6S3tl6_nO8ugWnHqVMbIyXnUT7tv21Bm5DnSfr-t-yhOK51zdaBOZOSJl3tTrrDU9Db34ET-/s1600/IMGH_06532__F12M.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a>As this
assembly already constitutes an elementary electric circuit, it is found
convenient to connect the compressor itself directly to the external
power supply. The power is then supplied to the remaining circuit
components of the refrigerator via a suitable connection arrangement
including a terminal box or strip to which the circuit components other
than the compressor are connected and which serves the same purpose as
described before, to thereby complete the wiring of the refrigerator.
This second solution is represented by DE-A-33 20 391. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj73uyiHETXgluqWpO9KdhnqBju0_hHtGz8EYBkdxrzSCmasdvDnVjuDuIoAwMvVbmodIdUSNIxnuWdZWa56jqZ91C916PIFNg4zH_958WgWSGs7BKyjkBeNjPmMvmm5fA8AFW-42aTamoc/s1600/IMGH_05741.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>A box includes
the starter and the thermal protection device.<br />
From a purely
electrical viewpoint the two solutions are substantially equivalent.
From the viewpoint, however, of assembly of the connections in the
production line there are relevant differences.<br />
In the first case,
in which the various components are electrically connected to the
terminal box or strip, there is the advantage of good accessibility,
since the terminal box or strip can be disposed at the optimum location;
on the other hand this solution requires the additional electric
connection of the compressor to the terminal box or strip, obviously
resulting in economical disadvantages as regards material requirements
and assembly operations.<br />
In contrast thereto, in the second case
explained above there is a concentration of the various circuits at a
single location, namely, on the compressor, with evident advantages with
regard to material requirements, but indubitably with greater
difficulties in finishing and inspection of the wiring, because the
connections are established manually after the compressor has been
installed, these operations being sometimes rendered difficult by
limited accessibility on all sides of the already installed compressor
in its housing.<br />
In addition to all that has been said above, it is
to be kept in mind that up to now all of the connections in the wiring
of the refrigerator are established by wholly conventional manual
operations, with the inevitable possibility of human errors and at
relatively high cost.<br />
The present invention is therefore directed to the obtention of the following advantages:<br />
In a hermetically enclosed compressor similarly conceived for
connection via a separate terminal strip or an integrated terminal
strip, to permit the alternative employ of two integrated structures
each having the same mechanical and electrical mounting base to be
attached to the compressor, and an integral module including the
starter, the thermal protection device and a protection cover, but
having different systems for the electric connection to the remaining
circuit components of the refrigerator.<br />
According to the
invention, these objects are attained in a domestic refrigerator
comprising a compressor having the features defined in claim 1.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
The
cable connection members comprise at least one integrated structure
including a mounting base and a terminal strip, or alternatively an
integrated structure including a mounting base and a cable clamping
insert, said integrated structures being adapted to be mechanically
mounted in an interlocking fit on a metallic base formed by punching and
bending a sheet metal blank and permanently secured to the compressor
adjacent the hermetically sealed connection terminal thereof.<br />
It
normally also happens that one and the same compressor model is used by
different refrigerator makers in different refrigerator models having
different wiring systems, so that it is not always possible to employ an
integral structure incorporating a terminal strip for different
refrigerator models having different electric circuits.<br />
The
characteristics and advantages of the invention will become evident from
the following description, given by way of example with reference to
the accompanying drawings, wherein: <br />
<dl>
<dt>Fig. 1</dt>
<dd>is a diagrammatic perspective rear view of a domestic refrigerator of conventional type; </dd>
<dt>fig. 2</dt>
<dd>is
an elevational view of a compressor according to the invention,
including a starter, a thermal protection device and a terminal strip; </dd>
<dt>fig. 3</dt>
<dd>is an elevational view of a compressor according to the invention, including a cable clamping insert; </dd>
<dt>fig. 4</dt>
<dd>shows an exploded perspective view of the components of the integrated structure. </dd></dl>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOq19VOig7LsytvxWLhew-Np6EhxrzOI-1qFi2UiHSXVirQ1U7SAGLHXeQMC76KTR8OOHxlGVkfA60JBLRoX9TbmoC32yn3jH4B2RHxXrLR-GJYqK5EKoC44wbk53nYbS2QKZyGXEJQFiW/s1600/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOq19VOig7LsytvxWLhew-Np6EhxrzOI-1qFi2UiHSXVirQ1U7SAGLHXeQMC76KTR8OOHxlGVkfA60JBLRoX9TbmoC32yn3jH4B2RHxXrLR-GJYqK5EKoC44wbk53nYbS2QKZyGXEJQFiW/s320/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
With
reference to Fig. 1, a domestic refrigerator presents, when viewed from
the rear, a lower cavity 1 housing a compressor 2 with its external
components 3 and the delivery and return pipes 4 and 5, respectively, of
the refrigerant circuit. Also diagrammatically shown are a condenser 6
and a capillary 7.<br />
In the "external terminal strip" version shown
in fig. 1, the refrigerator further includes a terminal strip or box 8,
an external power supply cable 9, a connection 10 leading from terminal
strip 8 to compressor 2, and a number of connections 11, 12 leading from
terminal strip 8 to other electrical components of the refrigerator.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGerxcsu4_U7xmpYediZk3yQ2qm9rfH_ixAwaBYJXyHwkVhG9xEbfs5iOPsVzPmUWuDZYyGTGnOYVHJSPGwFbTdpXwC4-DOc0_d2DIokSDs8675VZo6hu0h2tEIrEW6w4_WiNsQbux85ib/s1600/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGerxcsu4_U7xmpYediZk3yQ2qm9rfH_ixAwaBYJXyHwkVhG9xEbfs5iOPsVzPmUWuDZYyGTGnOYVHJSPGwFbTdpXwC4-DOc0_d2DIokSDs8675VZo6hu0h2tEIrEW6w4_WiNsQbux85ib/s320/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-2.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
With
reference to Fig. 2, there is shown a metallic mounting base 13,
suitably welded to the outer casing 14 of the compressor adjacent the
power supply terminals (not shown) thereof so that the latter extend
through an opening 15 formed in mounting base 13.<br />
Also shown in
Fig. 4 are the horizontally positioned starter 20 and the thermal
protection device 21 housed respectively in suitable cavities of the
dismountable support 26.<br />
Support 26 is provided with a plurality
of preferably internal contacts 31, the employ of which will be
specified in the following.<br />
A first element 22 acting as a
connector-terminal unit is composed of external electrical terminals 23
arranged and disposed for being connected to corresponding external
conductors, of internal electric connections 32 between said terminals
23, of at least one external contact 321, and of a tongue 27 and detent
28 mechanism for releasably mounting and positioning said element 22 in
cooperation with a corresponding guide 29 and recess 30, respectively,
provided on an angularly extending leg portion of mounting plate 13.<br />
The
mechanical configuration is selected so that, when element 22 is
mounted on mounting plate 13, contact 321 is positively coupled to one
of contacts 31.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrCeRVvQo9iAtymhjK2IEj_9DOn9WojhvGpA5ElzHu0cKsx24qdR7fI_qpUgZjWDDJukY5kVEcpuCWddWVBIL77CtzNb31b6bx_cG2KleklVLceTjEzunFVfVyfC5jLqgNiFOCzzLavePq/s1600/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrCeRVvQo9iAtymhjK2IEj_9DOn9WojhvGpA5ElzHu0cKsx24qdR7fI_qpUgZjWDDJukY5kVEcpuCWddWVBIL77CtzNb31b6bx_cG2KleklVLceTjEzunFVfVyfC5jLqgNiFOCzzLavePq/s320/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-3.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
With reference to figs. 3 and 4, a second
dismountable element 24 is composed of a tongue and detent mechanism
fully identical to the above described elements 27 and 28, and of one or
several cable holder inserts for individually retaining the power
supply and grounding conductors leading to the compressor, and to be
manually connected in the conventional manner to contacts 31 and/or to
contacts projecting from the rear part of one of the relays, e.g. relay
21.<br />
The employ of the device is now evident: depending on the type
of the circuitry of the refrigerator, the electric connections are
established on element 22 or alternatively on element 24. Any of these
elements can be readily and interchangeably mounted on the compressor
thanks to the complementary construction of the respective mounting
structures 27, 28 and 29, 30, respectively.<br />
In the first case the
electric connection is automatically established either between contacts
321 and 31, or through a suitable connection between one of terminals
23 and one of the contacts projecting from the rear part of one of the
relays, e.g. relay 21.<br />
In the second case the electric connection
is established by manually connecting in the conventional manner the
incoming cables to the above named contacts.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiye2frg2Gmvyr9shUxsZd9tji352kscWanPfS-8GBnPa1rjgRcT4v_ACu4lDIcJtPgDyJu2mzZYnpZPDbsChUW9eLlPFQH8j-u3eFHRO6jKie9fkeSnKTO9zwt-FtsJtIDIY_VlogSFwn6/s1600/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiye2frg2Gmvyr9shUxsZd9tji352kscWanPfS-8GBnPa1rjgRcT4v_ACu4lDIcJtPgDyJu2mzZYnpZPDbsChUW9eLlPFQH8j-u3eFHRO6jKie9fkeSnKTO9zwt-FtsJtIDIY_VlogSFwn6/s320/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-4.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
The electric
connection between the two components 20 and 21, the support 26 and the
compressor may be established in any suitable manner and shall therefore
not be described. From a comparison of Fig. 2 to Fig. 3 it is evident
that the employ of one and the same dismountable support 26 in the two
different arrangements on the one hand permits one and the same
compressor to be employed with any of the two different wiring
arrangements described above, and on the other hand results in optimum
cost-effectiveness, inasmuch as the employ of cable holder 24 is just an
alternative to the employ of element 22, so that the electric
subassembly composed of compressor 2, the two relays 20 and 21, and
support 26 can be readily and directly connected to the wiring of any
refrigerator.<br />
Independently of the type of the connections between
the above named electric components, it is finally to be noted that a
further simplification in the mounting of these components is obtainable
by the provision of a single protective cover 25 dimensioned so as to
be able to accommodate any of the two connection arrangements described
above and thus to be indifferently employed in any of the two cases.</div>
</div>
<br />
<span id="goog_1854242214"></span><span id="goog_1854242215"></span><br />
<span id="goog_1854242214"></span><span id="goog_1854242215"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ELECTROLUX) IR260SL Method of and apparatus for sealing tubes constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical conductivity:</b></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>1. A method of welding
together pieces constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical
conductivity, wherein a piece to be welded is placed in contact with at
least one electrode of negative temperature coefficient, so as to
receive the heat energy which is developed therein when it is connected
to a source of electricity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the piece
or pieces to be welded together are placed in contact with a pair of
electrodes ol' negative temperature coeffici so as to establisll
electrical continuity between said electrodes and receive the energy
which is developed in these latter as a consequence of the establishment
of the electrical continuity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims,
wherein the electrodes are resiliently pressed on to the piece or
pieces. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims, wherein the welding is brazing. <br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims,
wherein the welding takes place as a result of plasticising.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
6. A method as claimed In Claim 4, which is used for
joining together elements of a refrigeration circuit, in particular a
capillary tube and a tube of greater diameter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
7. A method as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the tiie
tulle oi' greater diameter is previously deformed mechanically to
provide a seati ii# i'c,r the capillary tube, and to form a socket
region for receiving the brazing material <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. A method as claimed in Claim 4 and in one of the
remaini<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ng Claims, wherein, at least llnti ] the moment in which the
brazing material begins to melt, the intensity of the current
circulating through the electrodes is kept at a higher value than during
the time in which the electrodes are still maintained in contact witij
at least one of the pieces to be joined together. <br />
<br clear="all" />
9. A method as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the
intensity of the current circulating through the electrodes is decreased
for at least part of the time subsequent to the moment in which the
brazing material begins to melt, by connecting at least one resistive
component in series with the electrodes. <br />
<br clear="all" />
10. A method as claimed in Claim 5 and one or more
of the remaining claims, wllich is used for sealing a tube of a circuit
containing a fluid under pressure. <br />
<br clear="all" />
11. A method as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the
tube is meelBlically deformed on both sides of the weld before the weld
is made. <br />
<br clear="all" />
12. An apparatus for carrying out the method as
claimed in the preceding Claims, comprising at least one electrode ol'
negative temperature coefficient, and means for connecting it to a
source of electricity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
13. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 12, wherein the
means izor connecting it to the source of electricity comprise the
actual piece or pieces on which the electrode acts. <br />
<br clear="all" />
14. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 12 and/or 13,
comprisillg a pair of electrodes of~ negative temperature coefficient
which are mobile substantially in the same plane but in opposite
directions, and between which the piece or pieces, used as tlie
electrical connection means, are gripped <br />
<br clear="all" />
15. An apparatus as claimed in one or more of Claims
12 to 14, comprising a switch for connecting a resistive component I in
series with the electrodes. <br />
<br clear="all" />
16. An apparatus as cm aimed in Claim 15, wherein
the switch is controlled by a thermostat. <br />
<br clear="all" />
17. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 14, wherein at
least one electrode is mounted resiliently yieldable in a mobile
operating head wliicl, comprises at least one jaw for deforming the
piece, in particular for mechanically closing a tube.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
18. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 17, comprising
two mobile heads and control means for moving said heads.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
Method of and apparatus for welding together pieces constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical conductivity.<br />
This
invention relates to a method of welding together pieces constructed of
metals, which can be different, but which have high thermal and
electrical conductivity.<br />
Although the invention can be applied to
many fields, those of particular interest are a) joining a copper tube
to an aluminium tube, for example in the refrigeration circuit oi' a
domestic refrigerator, and b) sealing the copper tube through which the
refrigerant fluid is charged into the refrigeration circuit of a
domestic refrigerator.<br />
In case a) , the copper tube can be the
capillary tube and alluminium tube the evaporator and/or the suction
tube of the compressor in the circuit. The capillary tube is that
element of the refrigeration circuit in which the (theoretically
isenthalpic) expansion occurs of the liquid refrigerating fluid whicli
leaves the condenser to then enter the evaporator. As the undercooling
of the capillary tube increases the useful effect of the refrigeration
circuit, it is usual to insert a portion of the capillary tube in said
suction tube.<br />
It is therefore necessary to make at least one joint
at the point in which the capillary tube enters the suction tube. A
further joint is usually nec<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>essary at the point in wliic the capillary
tube enters the evaporator, particularly if this latter is in the form
of a tubular coil. As it must be ensured that the refrigeration circuit
is absolutely hermetically sealed, the quality of the joints must be
excellent, in spite of the difficulties due to tulle fact that the two
pieces to be joined together are dii'ferent from each other, and have
such a high electrical conductivity that it is impossible to make the
joint by conventional resistance welding.<br />
<br />
Again with reference to
case a), a Jointing system is known which uses a short auxiliary copper
tube having an outer diameter intermediate between the diameter of the
capillary tube and the diameter of the aluminium tube. The capillary
tube passes through said auxiliary tube, and is joined to one end
thereof by torch brazing.<br />
The other end of the auxiliary tube is joined to the aluminium tube by further brazing or by pressure welding.<br />
<br />
This
jointing system is certainly of good quality, but is relatively
complicated and above all costly because of the copper construction of
said auxiliary tube. The absolute value of this cost is very high when,
in a modern industry, daily production amounts to several thousands of
refrigerators.<br />
<br />
With regard to case b), in the known method the
copper charging tube is firstly closed by mechanical deformation using a
clamp, and then, with the clamp applied, it is filled from its open end
with a brazing material melted by means of a torch. This method has the
disadvantage of not completely ensuring the opening of the welding
zone, requiring the use of specialised labour and involving the use of a
large quantity of brazing material when related to a daily production
of several thousands of refrigerators.<br />
The object of the present
invention is to provide a new welding method, in particular for joining a
copper capillary tube to an aluminium tube, and for closing the end of
t}ie charging tube of a refrigeration circuit, in which low cost and
simplicity of operation are attained together with excellent weld
quality.<br />
According to the method of the invention, a piece to be
welded is placed in contact with at least one electrode having a
negative temperature coefficient so as to recieve the heat energy
developed in it when it is connected to a source of electricity.<br />
In
a preferred embodiment of the method ac cordillar to the invention, he
piece or pieces to be welded together are placed in contact with a pair
of electrodes having a negative temperature coefficient so as to
establish electrical continuity between these electrodes and receive the
heat energy which is developed in these latter as a consequence of
establishing electrical continuity.<br />
The term electrode having a
negative temperature coefficient" indicates an electrode, the electrical
resistallce of which decreases as the temperature increases.<br />
The
heat transmitted by the electrode or electrodes to the piece or pieces
melts the welding material in contact with the piece, or at least
transforms the piece into its plastic state so that, in this latter
case, it is sufficient for the electrodes to exert a low pressure on the
piece to form the weld.<br />
The apparatus which enables the method to
be carried out and is also part of the invention comprises at least one
electrode of negative temperature coefficient, and meals lor connecting
it to a source of electricity.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
In the preferred embodiment of the
apparatus, the mealls for connecting it to tulle source OS' electricity
comprise the actual piece or pieces on which the electrode is to act.<br />
In
the most advantageous embodinlent of the invention, the apparatus
comprises a pair of electrodes of Negative temperature coefficient,
which are mobile sub staiitially in the same plane but in opposite
directions, and between which are gripped the piece or pieces to be
welded, these latter being utilised as the electrical connectioii means.<br />
All
the characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be
apparent from the description given hereinafter (which, as a
non-limiting example of application of this method, relates both to
joining a copper capillary tube to an aluminium suction tube of the
refrigeration circuit oi a domestic refrigerator by brazil and to
sealing the end ol the charging' tube of such a refrigeration circuit)
and from the accompanying drawing, in which:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA9aRo-kU9mzs2u1TySC3ZQ2NfBCcNQ_ep8X3wDkObmVDWRVSbFWxMXjFsb-ZRO8y3wBDT7DWfEbqEsdaSrmHzIXRlynEFwfLt7INsh9B4vWwLxxljCXH0Z1r3W8STtBA07Iz0o7TSr-7Y/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-1__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA9aRo-kU9mzs2u1TySC3ZQ2NfBCcNQ_ep8X3wDkObmVDWRVSbFWxMXjFsb-ZRO8y3wBDT7DWfEbqEsdaSrmHzIXRlynEFwfLt7INsh9B4vWwLxxljCXH0Z1r3W8STtBA07Iz0o7TSr-7Y/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-1__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
: Figure 1 is a
sectional diagrammatic view, through their axes, of two tubes during the
operations involved in their joining; Figure 2 is a cross-section
through said tubes on the line Il-Il of Figure 1 after the joint has
been completed and the electrodes used have been removed; Figure 3 shows
the electrical circuit used for melting the brazing material; Figure 4
shows the variations in the current intensity through the suction tube
and its temperature adjacent to the electrodes during the joining by
brazing; Figure 5 is a side view of the apparatus for welding (sealing)
the charging tube of a refrigeration circuit; Figure 6 is a section on
the line VI-VI of Figure 5, and Figure 7 shows a portion of the charging
tube after its sealing.<br />
With reference to Figures 1 and 2, a
copper capillary tube 1 is inserted directly into a portion of an
aluminium tube 2, for example representing the tube which constitutes
the evaporator of a refrigeration circuit of a domestic refrigerator.
There is thus a first great financial advantage in eliminating the
aforesaid auxiliary copper tube. The aluminium tube 2 can have an outer
diameter of 10 mm (against the 2 mm of the capillary tube 1), and has
previously been mechanically deformed over a small portion 3 just after
the mouth 4 to provide a flare 5 and a double lobed section at said
portion 3 (see Fig. 2).<br />
The brazing material and its de-oxidising
agent are placed in the flare 5. These substances are indicated together
by the reference numeral 6. The brazing material tried by the applicant
in the example of the application of the method described here was the
alloy known commercially as "So) dwiiol 1 265" of Messrs. Degussa ( the
alloy carries the symbol L-CdZn 20, in accordance with D1N 1707). This
is a eutectic cadmium-zinc alloy with Hs.5es of cadmium and a melting
point of 266 C. The de-oxidising agent tried was wSoldaflux AL" of
Messrs.<br />
Degussa (carrying the symbol F-LW 3, in accordance with
DIN 8511), its action being effective over the temperature range of 200
to 300 C.<br />
According to the invention, the high conductivity of the
aluminium with which the tube 2 is made is utilised to melt the brazing
material. Thus the aforesaid technical and economical drawbacks due to
the use of torch brazing are obviated. For this purpose, an electrical
circuit (shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3) is constructed comprising the
terminals 7 and 8 which receive an alternating single phase current
from the secondary winding of a voltage step-down transformer (not
shown), supply cables 9 and 10, and a pair of electrodes 11 and 12 of a
material such as graphite which has a negative temperature coeffi cient.
By the Joule effect, the electrical energy at the electrodes 11 and 12
is transformed into heat which reaches the brazing material by
conduction through the tube 2.<br />
These electrodes are brought into
contact with the portion 3 of the tube 2 at the beginning of brazing.
ln the electrical circuit diagrai ot' Fig. 3, the electrodes are shown
as two variable resistor with the said reference numerals 11 and 12,
whereas the reference numeral 13 indicates the resistance, obviously of
extremely low value, of the tube 2 through which tulle circuit is made.<br />
The
circuit also comprises a switch 14 wlich, according to the control
signals which it receives from the regulator 15, can be shifted from
tulle contact 16 to the contact 17 to connect into the circuit a
secondary branch 18 which comprises a high ohmic resist or 19.<br />
The
regulator 15 c<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>an be any device able to cause said resistor 19 to be
connected in series with the electrodes 11 and 12 and tube 2 when the
brazing material has reached its melting point, so reducing the current
intensity l in the electrical circuit. In this respect, the applicant
has fouiid that this lives an energy saving because the absorbed power
of the circuit call be reduced by as much as 7596 during tlie second
brazing stage (i.e.<br />
when the switch 14 is closed on tlie contact
17) with respect to the first stage (i.e. when the switch 14 is closed
on the contact 16). Advantageously, said regulator 15 is a rapid
response thermostat, the sensor of which determines the temperature of
the aluminium tube 2 in the immediate vicinity of the point in which it
is joined to the capillary tube 1.<br />
However, the regulator 15 can
be in the form of a timer, provided it is known accurately after what
time from the beginning of the operation the timer must shift the switch
14 from the contact 16 to the contact 17 (on the basis of all accurate
trial run of the brazing operation).<br />
The variation in current
intensity I (measured in amperes) passing through the tube 2 during
brazing, and the variation in temperature in C of this tube ( which can
be sprayed with a conventional coolant after' brazing) shown in Figure 4
have been obtained by tests carried out by the applicant.<br />
After
the brazing material has melted, the electrodes 11 aiid 12 are removed
from contact with the portion 3 of the tube 2, so that it is possible to
remove this latter (now joined to the capillary tube 1) and proceed to a
further brazing operation. In Figure 1 the approach and withdrawal of
the tube electrodes are shown by arrows.<br />
Fiiially, it silould be
noted that in this example the el ectiodes do not exert any mechanical
deformation action on the pieces to be joined together ( the tubes 1 and
2 in tills example). Thus(also because of the fact that the material of
which the electrodes are made has a Ilegative tell1J#erature
coefficient, i.e.<br />
its electrical resistance decreases as its
temperature increases) the method described herein is conceptually the
opposite of collventional resistaiice welding of ferrous metals, which
have a relatively high thermal and electrical conductivity.<br />
The
advalltages of the method according to the present invention can be
suiirtriarised as follows: pieces made of materials of high electrical
and thermal conductivity can be joined together by brazing other than
torch brazing, and thus more simple to carry out and of much higher
reliability; the energy consumption can be considerably reduced by not
supplying excess energy when this is not required; in tlie particular
case of joining a capillary tube to an aluniinium tube, it is no longer
necessary to use an intermediate auxiliary tube.<br />
With reference to
Figures 5 to 7, which show the sealing of the tube for charging the
refrigeration circuit of a domestic refrigerator with refrigerant fluid,
the tube in question, constructed for example of copper, is indicated
by the reference numeral 100. It is welded to the casing 101 which
contains the compressor and its electrical drive motor (not shown), and
communicates with the casing interior.<br />
In order to introduce the
refrigerant fluid, a connector element 102 incorporating a non-return
valve 103 is mounted on the free end of tle tube 100 by well known
methods. Again by well known methods, a charging pistol is connected to
the connector element, and when operated causes pressurised refrigerant
fluid to flow into the circuit. After the charging operation, the pistol
is disconnected from the connector element, and the circuit then
contains pressurised refrigerant fluid which cannot escape because of
the non-return valve 103.<br />
The problem solved by the invention is
to properky seal the tube 100 after said charging operation, without
usi)ig welding material.<br />
According to the inventioll, the problem
is solved by causing localised plasticising or fusion of the charging
tube, mainly by the lleat given up by electrodes 104, 105 of negative
temperature coefficient, for example of graphite, which are moderately
pressed from opposing sides against the tube and thus cause permanent
sealing of the tube by welding as a result of the plasticising or fus
ioll .<br />
Advai)te(J;eousiy, to prevent the pressurised refrigerant
fluid iii the circuit from being able to escape through tlle passages
wllic}l can open up in the plasticising or fusion zone, the tube is
closed before welding and maintained closed during welding, by
mechanical deformation exerted in a zone between the electrodes 104, 105
and the casing 101, and optiollally also in a zone between the
electrodes and tulle free end of the charging tube.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHXItxIJpWDUgG02erU3vhegYY4Toj8trBb9qX35s7OWZeDjSYh_TFr2588bLodMwVgUkUPOgNjk92c66TvKUejC6Ea1QcRvCcpxCqY2twdlSTJfIKmo1sUB5rGkGJZte8NE6BVTmwnAM/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-2__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHXItxIJpWDUgG02erU3vhegYY4Toj8trBb9qX35s7OWZeDjSYh_TFr2588bLodMwVgUkUPOgNjk92c66TvKUejC6Ea1QcRvCcpxCqY2twdlSTJfIKmo1sUB5rGkGJZte8NE6BVTmwnAM/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-2__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
The said
operations are carried out by the device shown in Figures 5 to 7,
comprising electrodes 104, 105 and means for localised temporary
mechanical closure of the tube.<br />
Tulle device in question comprises
a pair of levers 106, 107 rotatable about their pivots 108, 109, and
supported at their ends in a pair of parallel fixed side plates 110.<br />
Each
lever 106, 107 comprises at one end a working head 111 in which the
electrode 104, 105 is disposed, and at the other end a roller 112 which,
urged by springs 113, 114, is kept in contact with the end of a rod 115
of a piston 116. This piston is slidably mounted in a cylinder 117, and
on one of its ends there acts a return spring 118 and on the other end
there acts a pressurised fluid fed for example through a solenoid valve,
not shown.<br />
The end part 119 of the rod 115 is conical so that
when the pressurised fluid is fed into the cylinder 117, the consequent
movement of the piston 116 in the direction of the arrow A causes the
levers 106, 107 to rotate in such a direction as to cause the working
heads 111 to approach each other.<br />
These heads comprise a fork
structure with a pair of anns 12(), 121, the purpose of which is to
deform the tube 100 at tlie two sides of the electrodes 104, 105 wheii
the rod 115 is moved in the direction of the arrow A.<br />
Each
electrode 104, 105 is removably housed in a dovetail cavity 122 provided
in a partly slotted metal block 123, with ducts 124 for the passage of
cooling water ied through flexible hoses, not shown. Tlie block 123 is
provided witlj a shank 125 of polyg'oiiai or square crosssection
slidable in a bore of correspolldillg cross-section provided in tlie
crosspiece 126 of tlse fork structure. The shank 125 comprises a head
127 against which a compression spring 128 acts,<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXydlv1yGlXrV09m8ZOklBwFLkZq8SjqxIEC-eRMn0ppobtZsZdtvmfUJGnkg-gTC3QOZeP8SE2kBVIdD5wLe1n-tphAJico1WPSQOgO47glSeSp51huVauSZFwsIFiP_KbDSjwv-oe9MD/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-3__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXydlv1yGlXrV09m8ZOklBwFLkZq8SjqxIEC-eRMn0ppobtZsZdtvmfUJGnkg-gTC3QOZeP8SE2kBVIdD5wLe1n-tphAJico1WPSQOgO47glSeSp51huVauSZFwsIFiP_KbDSjwv-oe9MD/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-3__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
its other end resting against a wall 129 rigid with the fork structure.<br />
In
the device concerned, the electrical circuit extends from the terminals
B and C of an electricity source, through the electrodes 104, 105 and
through the tube 100, when this latter is in contact with the
electrodes.<br />
The tube and electrodes are therefore in series when
the device operates. The circuit is opened when the electrodes 104, 105
withdraw from the tube 100 following the return of the rod 115. Thus the
welding operation, which will be discussed in greater detail
hereinafter, can be controlled by the operator by operating the valve
(e.g. a three-way valve) associated with the cylinder 117.<br />
Operation
is as follows: The two heads 111 are initially spaced apart from each
other to allow the insertion of the tube 100 to be sealed (welded). When
the tube is dosed between the heads, the operator feeds fluid under
pressure to the cylinder 117. The rod 115 moves in the direction of the
arrow A, the levers 106, 107 rotate about the pivots 108, 109, and the
heads 111 approacl# the tube 100. The electrodes 104, 105 firstly touch
the tube at the point N, but electricity is not as yet fed to the
electrical circuit, even though this is ready to receive it.<br />
The
arms 120, 121 tlien act on the tube to deform it and close it
mechanically in two zones K and M to tlie sides of the welding point N,
this point being where the electrodes act.<br />
The connector element 102 caii not be removed.<br />
Electricity
is now fed to the terminals B, C (e.g. by means of a contact) and flows
in the circuit which is closed <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9TB3NY1-N3rg2s_kACeI0Ql2ssHJwnb7jcR25IvmFW99SIH5EHheBWmBPE0R35lbfodSwLO9G1-oZKdHuZEFQsQXqMMT-41uSV-pTbJXLu-jYu4qxhJx5js5QXTBSIDC6rLC6hGe8dxt/s1600/IMGH_06533__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>through the electrodes 104, 1()5 and
tube 100. The electrodes 104, 105 progressively increase in temperature
and thus heat point N to a sufficient extent to transform it into its
plastic or partly molten state so that the small pressure wlsich the
electrodes exert on the tube (by virtue of the springs 128) is
sufficiei,# to produce deformation and corlsequent welding (when the
opposing sides of the tube come into contact with each other).<br />
On
termination of welding (sealing), the operator unloads the cylinder 117,
the two heads 111 withdraw from the tube and as the circuit is broken
the electricity no longer traverses the electrodes 104, 105, which
therefore cease to heat up.<br />
The apparatus is thus ready for a new working cycle.<br />
<br />
The
present invention covers any other field of application of the
described method, comprising the joining together of more than two
pieces and the utilisation of the conductivity of all or some of the
metals of which the pieces are constructed, to perform the welding, i.e.
the fusion of the brazing materials.<br />
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ELECTROLUX) IR260SL , Device for inspecting the heat insulation of household appliances, more particularly refrigerators:</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>1. In a plant for
manufacturing a product including insulation material, said plant
including means for forming the insulation material by foaming a
polyurethane or similar material, thereby causing an exothermic
reaction, and transport means for moving the product through said plant
during the manufacture thereof, the improvement comprising means for
inspecting the insulation characteristics of the insulation material,
said inspecting means comprising: <br />
thermographic means to be
directed toward the product for, during said foaming, detecting a heat
image of said insulation material as a function of said exothermic
reaction and for generating detected coded data representative thereof; <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>
processing and control means containing reference coded data
representative of a heat image of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics and operatively connected to said
thermographic means for receiving said detected coded data therefrom,
for comparing said detected coded data with said reference coded data,
and for generating coded response data as a function of such comparison;
and <br />
said processing and control means being operatively
connected to said transport means for controlling the operation of said
transport means as a function of said coded response data.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
2. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
processing and control means contains plural reference coded data
representative of heat images of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics of respective different products, and further
comprising input means operatively connected to said processing and
control means for selecting a respective said reference coded data
corresponding to a particular product to be manufactured.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
3. The improvement claimed in claim 1, further
comprising a monitor connected to said processing and control means for
visually displaying said detected heat image. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
thermographic means is capable of orientation toward plural different
areas of the product. <br />
<br clear="all" />
5. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
transport means comprises a conveyor for moving products through said
plant, and further comprising an auxiliary conveyor for conveying
defective products, said processing and control means causing said
conveyor or said auxiliary conveyor to operate as a function of said
coded response data being respectively within or without a predetermined
range. <br />
<br clear="all" />
6. The improvement claimed in claim 1, further
comprising at least one additional thermographic means, and means for
selectively switching said thermographic means and said at least one
additional thermographic means into and out of operative connection with
said processing and control means. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>
7. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
thermographic means is connected to said processing and control means by
an interface. </div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
8. The improvement claimed in claim 7, wherein said
thermographic means further is connected to said processing and control
means by an analog/digital converter. </div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
9. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
processing and control means is connected to said transport means by an
interface. </div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
10. The improvement claimed in claim 9, wherein said
processing and control means further is connected to said transport
means by a digital/analog converter. </div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8xx1TQXrOUS7zq2e-62gT2MUw-I6uTQSQbAP5EvRESjvsrFz1vu5wkFAcDvU8JRVsoyUHlRreQ7Ub6MrPrQ4UKiCr-JN4MJ1srvczAFTrViMWDe4UxcOaN8ExzGORRfK1BcBjtfILBc3Y/s1600/IMGH_06524__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8xx1TQXrOUS7zq2e-62gT2MUw-I6uTQSQbAP5EvRESjvsrFz1vu5wkFAcDvU8JRVsoyUHlRreQ7Ub6MrPrQ4UKiCr-JN4MJ1srvczAFTrViMWDe4UxcOaN8ExzGORRfK1BcBjtfILBc3Y/s1600/IMGH_06524__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>11. An inspecting device, for use in a plant for
manufacturing a product including insulation material, said plant
including means for forming the insulation material by forming a
polyurethane or similar material, thereby causing an exothermic
reaction, and transport means for moving the product through the plant
during the manufacture thereof, means for inspecting the insulation
characteristics of the insulation material, said inspecting means
comprising: thermographic means to be directed toward the product
for, during the foaming operation, detecting a heat image of the
insulation material as a function of said exothermic reaction and for
generating detected coded data representative thereof; <br />
processing and control means containing reference coded data
representative of a heat image of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics and operatively connected to said
thermographic means for receiving said detected coded data therefrom,
for comparing said detected coded data with said reference coded data,
and for generating coded response data as a function of such comparison;
and <br />
said processing and control means including means to be
operatively connected to the transport means for controlling the
operation of the transport means as a function of said coded response
data.<br />
<br clear="all" />
12. A device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said
processing and control means contains plural reference coded data
representative of heat images of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics of respective different products, and further
comprising input means operatively connected to said processing and
control means for selecting a respective said reference coded data
corresponding to a particular product to be manufactured.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
13. A device as claimed in claim 11, further
comprising a monitor connected to said processing and control means for
visually displaying said detected heat image. <br />
<br clear="all" />
14. A device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said
thermographic means is capable of orientation toward plural different
areas of the product. <br />
<br clear="all" />
15. A device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said
thermographic means is connected to said processing and control means by
an interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
16. A device as claimed in claim 15, wherein said
thermographic means further is connected to said processing and control
means by an analog/digital converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
17. A device as claimed in claim 11, further
comprising an interface for connecting said processing and control means
to the transport means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
18. A device as claimed in claim 17, further
comprising a digital/analog converter for further connecting said
processing and control means to the transport means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
19. A device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the
transport means comprises a conveyor for moving products through said
plant and auxiliary conveyor for conveying defective products, and said
processing and control means causes the conveyor or the auxiliary
conveyor to operate as a function of said coded response data being
respectively within or without a predetermined range.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
20. A device as claimed in claim 11, further
comprising at least one additional thermographic means, and means for
selectively switching said thermographic means and said at least one
additional thermographic means into and out of operative connection with
said processing and control means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
21. In a process for manufacturing a product
including insulation material, said process including forming the
insulation material by foaming a polyurethane or similar material,
thereby causing an exothermic reaction, and moving said product by
transport means during the manufacture thereof, the improvement
comprising inspecting the insulation characteristics of said insulation
material, said inspecting comprising: <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a> directing thermographic means
toward said product and thereby, during said foaming, detecting a heat
image of said insulation material as a function of said exothermic
reaction and for generating detected coded data representative thereof; <br />
providing processing and control means containing reference coded data
representative of a heat image of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics; <br />
delivering said detected coded data
from said thermographic means to said processing and control means and
therein comparing said detected coded data with said reference coded
data and generating coded response data as a function of such
comparison; and <br />
controlling the operation of said transport means as a function of said coded response data.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
22. The improvement claimed in claim 21, comprising
provided said processing and control means with plural reference coded
data representative of heat images of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics of respective different products, and
inputting to said processing and control means a selected respective
said reference coded data corresponding to a particular product to be
manufactured. <br />
<br clear="all" />
23. The improvement claimed in claim 21, further
comprising visually displaying said detected heat image on a monitor
connected to said processing and control means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
24. The improvement claimed in claim 21, further
comprising orienting said thermographic means toward plural different
areas of said product. <br />
<br clear="all" />
25. The improvement claimed in claim 21, wherein
said transport means comprises a conveyor for moving products and an
auxiliary conveyor for conveying defective products, and further
comprising causing said processing and control means to operate said
conveyor or said auxiliary conveyor as a function of said coded response
data being respectively within or without a predetermined range.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
26. The improvement claimed in claim 21, further
comprising providing at least one additional thermographic means, and
selectively switching said thermographic means and said at least one
additional thermographic means into and out of operative connection with
said processing and control means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
27. The improvement claimed in claim 21, comprising
connecting said thermographic means to said processing and control means
by an interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
28. The improvement claimed in claim 27, further
comprising connecting said thermographic means to said processing and
control means by an analog/digital converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
29. The improvement claimed in claim 21, comprising
connecting said processing and control means to said transport means by
an interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
30. The improvement claimed in claim 29, further
comprising connecting said processing and control means to said
transport means by a digital/analog converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
31. The improvement claimed in claim 21, wherein
said product is a household appliance and said insulation material is
thermal insulation. <br />
<br clear="all" />
32. The improvement claimed in claim 31, wherein said product is a refrigerator. <br />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION<br />
The invention
relates to a device for inspecting the heat insulation of household
appliances, more particularly refrigerators, such device being capable
of detecting immediately and in a simple manner any deficiencies in the
heat insulation during the manufacture of the appliances. <br />
Nowadays,
the mass production of a household appliance such as a refrigerator
comprises the prefabrication of the body thereof in the form of a metal
cabinet which is of substantially parallelepipedal shape and is open on
its front side, and of a plastic cell of traditional type dimensioned to
fit within such cabinet so as to define therewith an intervening space
adapted to receive heat insulation. <br />
The body, in turn, is
provided with suitable fixtures for the attachment of a closure door on
the front side of the cabinet, such door likewise being of
parallelepipedal shape and comprising an outer metal covering and an
inner door of plastic material, which elements can be fitted together so
as to define an intermediate space adapted to receive heat insulation. <br />
In
practice, each door of the refrigerator is made separately from the
corresponding body and each of these components is then transported
separately by means known per se on a conveyor belt of an assembly line
for carrying out processing steps adapted to p<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8xx1TQXrOUS7zq2e-62gT2MUw-I6uTQSQbAP5EvRESjvsrFz1vu5wkFAcDvU8JRVsoyUHlRreQ7Ub6MrPrQ4UKiCr-JN4MJ1srvczAFTrViMWDe4UxcOaN8ExzGORRfK1BcBjtfILBc3Y/s1600/IMGH_06524__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8xx1TQXrOUS7zq2e-62gT2MUw-I6uTQSQbAP5EvRESjvsrFz1vu5wkFAcDvU8JRVsoyUHlRreQ7Ub6MrPrQ4UKiCr-JN4MJ1srvczAFTrViMWDe4UxcOaN8ExzGORRfK1BcBjtfILBc3Y/s1600/IMGH_06524__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>roduce, one after the
other, the heat insulation of the body and of the door, as well as the
assembling of the body with the door and with other operating components
of the refrigerator. <br />
In particular, this heat insulation is
obtained by means of polyurethane materials which are known per se, and
the liquid components of which are injected separately by traditional
apparatus provided along the conveyor belt involved within the
corresponding intermediate spaces in the body and the door, in which
spaces such components polymerize (so-called foaming operation) and
spread out in such a manner as to occupy all of such intermediate
spaces. <br />
In order to be able to carry out the foaming operations
of the refrigerators satisfactorily, without defects being present in
the heat insulation of such appliances, it is necessary that the
equipment involved be caused to operate under the same operating and
environmental conditions throughout the foaming operation and,
furthermore, that the areas of injection of the bodies and doors of the
respective refrigerators permit the effective penetration of the
polyurethane material into the respective intermediate spaces of the
bodies and doors. <br />
In practice, however, such equipment is subject
to operating and environmental conditions which at times vary during
the foaming of the appliances in question, while the areas of injection
of the polyurethane material themselves can, at times, have structural
defects such as partly to prevent the penetration and proper
distribution of the material throughout the above-described spaces. <br />
Accordingly,
under such conditions, defects may appear in the heat insulation of the
refrigerators, due primarily to the presence of areas which are without
polyurethane material (continuous and non-continuous holes) and areas
in which such material is not completely polymerized (so-called
"exhausted foam"), which defects result in a decrease of the insulating
power of the layer of material and, in certain cases, even in the
formation of heat bridges which significantly impair the functionality
of the product. <br />
At the present time, the presence of any defects
of this type in the heat insulation of refrigerators is detected by the
workers during the manufacture of these appliances by means of a number
of visual and manual inspections in the areas of the appliances
themselves in which such defects are most likely to be located. <br />
While,
on the one hand, this type of inspection makes it possible to single
out practically all appliances that have defects located in areas which
are directly noticeable from the outside, so that it is possible to
discard such defective appliances or to perform operations thereon aimed
at eliminating the defects found, this method is not, on the other
hand, completely reliable in that it does not enable one to accurately
examine the entire structure of the heat insulation and thus to single
out any defective areas which are found in the insulation itself or
which are difficult to locate by the inspections indicated above.<br />
<br />
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION<br />
Therefore,
it would be desirable, and this is the object of the present invention,
to provide for a device for inspecting the heat insulation or
insulation characteristics of household appliances such as
refrigerators, which device can immediately and automatically detect the
possible presence of defects of any kind and size in the insulation
during the production stages of t<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>hese appliances, thereby obtaining a
thorough check of all the appliances manufactured and making it possible
to eliminate, or possibly repair, defective appliances. <br />
This
inspection device is essentially based on the use of at least one
traditional thermographic apparatus for detecting the images produced by
the heat insulation of the refrigerators as well as comparing the coded
data obtained by such apparatus with other coded data corresponding to
optimal functional conditions of the heat insulation, so that from such
comparison the presence of any defects of the insulation can be detected
immediately. <br />
This technique of detecting thermographic images is
used at present in combination with any preexisting type of heat
insulation and provides for the detection by the thermographic apparatus
of heat radiation passing through the insulation and produced by a
suitable separate heat source. <br />
The thermographic images thus
produced are visible on the screen of a monitor associated with the
apparatus and produce colors of different intensity, depending on the
defective areas and on the areas with different densities of the heat
insulation. <br />
The present inspection system, however, makes it
possible to point out the heat images of the insulation by utilizing the
thermal radiation produced by the insulation during its foaming as a
result of the corresponding chemical reaction, rather than that produced
by a separate heat source as in the past. <br />
These and other
objects are achieved, in accordance with the invention, by means of a
device for inspecting the heat insulation of household appliances, more
particularly refrigerators, which can be used in combination with a
plant for the manufacture of such appliances and including means for the
foaming of the heat insulation of the appliances by use of polyurethane
or similar materials as well as means for the transportation of the
appliances. The device includes at least one thermographic apparatus
associated with any monitor of traditional type in order to detect the
thermographic images of the insulation. <br />
The inspection device
also includes at least one control and processing unit known per se
containing a series of coded reference data corresponding to the correct
production of the heat insulation of each type of household appliance
to be produced. The control and processing unit is connected to the
thermographic apparatus, to the conveyor means and to at least one input
unit known per se for selecting the coded reference data corresponding
to the model of household appliance which is to be produced in order to
input such coded data into the control and processing unit with the
object of comparing it with the coded data supplied by the thermographic
apparatus and corresponding to the thermographic images detected
thereby, in the presence of the exothermic reaction of the material of
the heat insulation during its foaming. The control and processing unit
supplies, as a result of such comparison, coded response data adapted to
control the conveyor means.<br />
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING<br />
Other
aspects of the invention will become more apparent from the ensuing
description given solely by way of non-limiting example, reference being
had to the accompanying drawing which diagrammatically shows the
inspection device of the invention used in combination with a
traditional manufacturing plant for household refrigerators.<br />
<br />
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION<br />
Now,
with reference to the drawing, it shows the present device for
inspecting the heat insulation of household appliances, in the present
example refrigerators, which can be assembled in a manufacturing plant
comprising at least one traditional apparatus <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>1 for the foaming of heat
insulation by means of polyurethane or similar materials, and also
comprising a transport means such as a conveyor belt 2 of known
construction. Conveyor belt 2, in particular, can be driven with a
continuous forward motion by drive mechanisms known per se denoted
diagrammatically by the reference numeral 3, so as to permit the
transportation and assembly of the various elements constituting each
refrigerator, that is to say, the body 4 and the door 5. <br />
Each
body 4 is formed, as in the prior art, of a metal cabinet 6 which is of a
substantially parallelepipedal shape and has dimensions which may vary
from one appliance model to the next, cabinet 6 being open on its front
side and being adapted to contain a plastic cell 7 of traditional type
dimensioned such as to fit perfectly within cabinet 6, in order to
define therewith an intermediate space 8 in which the heat insulation is
foamed. <br />
Each door 5, in turn, is also of parallelepipedal shape
and is formed of an outer metal covering 9 and an inner door 10 of
plastic, the shapes of both being adapted to each other so as to define
an intermediate space 11 into which the heat insulation is foamed. <br />
As
an alternative, the transportion and assembly of the constituent parts
of each refrigerator could also be effected by at least one fully
automated production line, comprising any possible manipulators 12 or
similar apparatus of known construction. <br />
The inspection device
incorporating the invention is essentially comprised of at least one
traditional thermographic apparatus 13, such as a pyroelectric
television camera, a pyrometer or similar sensor adapted to detect heat
images of the heat insulation<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8xx1TQXrOUS7zq2e-62gT2MUw-I6uTQSQbAP5EvRESjvsrFz1vu5wkFAcDvU8JRVsoyUHlRreQ7Ub6MrPrQ4UKiCr-JN4MJ1srvczAFTrViMWDe4UxcOaN8ExzGORRfK1BcBjtfILBc3Y/s1600/IMGH_06524__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8xx1TQXrOUS7zq2e-62gT2MUw-I6uTQSQbAP5EvRESjvsrFz1vu5wkFAcDvU8JRVsoyUHlRreQ7Ub6MrPrQ4UKiCr-JN4MJ1srvczAFTrViMWDe4UxcOaN8ExzGORRfK1BcBjtfILBc3Y/s1600/IMGH_06524__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a> so as directly to evaluate the condition
thereof, utilizing the exothermic reaction of the material of such
insulation during its foaming. <br />
Preferably, the spectral
sensitivity of the television camera or of the sensor in question will
be within the region of infrared radiation, with wavelengths equal to
those of transparency of the plastic materials used for the construction
of the refrigerator bodies and doors, in order to be able to obtain
heat images with good definition of the insulation. Such thermographic
apparatus, in particular, is connected to an electric power supply and
is arranged alongside the heat insulation of the refrigerators located
on the conveyor belt 2. <br />
Furthermore, such apparatus can be
oriented in different positions with respect to the body and door of
each refrigerator so as to be able selectively and accurately to check
all those areas of the heat insulation of these constituent parts which
have the greatest probability of being defective during manufacture. <br />
As
will be apparent from the drawing, the apparatus in question detects
the heat images by being aimed exclusively at the respective parts of
the body and door of plastic or other material with medium or low heat
conductivity in which there is the minimum distribution of heat on the
surface as compared with what takes place in the case of metal surfaces.
<br />
In addition, the present inspection device comprises at least
one control and processing unit 14 made up of a microcomputer, a
personal computer or some other processing apparatus of known
construction, such unit being connected to the thermographic apparatus
13 by at least one interface 15 and an analog/digital converter 16 of
known construction. <br />
In the control and processing unit 14 there<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>
has been previously stored data coded in digital form corresponding to
reference thermal maps of the heat insulation of each model of
refrigerator which is to be manufactured. <br />
In particular, each
thermal map is obtained experimentally on a series of models of
refrigerators and corresponds to a condition under which the heat
insulation of such appliances is produced properly, without the presence
of defective areas and under pre-established operating and
environmental conditions. <br />
Moreover, control and processing unit
14 is possibly connected to at least one monitor 17 of traditional type
for the visual display of the thermographic images of the heat
insulation detected by the thermographic apparatus described earlier,
and it is also connected to at least one input unit 18 made up of a
keyboard or other peripheral equipment of known construction (e.g., bar
code readers). <br />
The purpose of the input unit 18 is to select
coded data corresponding to the reference thermal map relative to the
model of refrigerator (or other household appliance) which is to be
produced, in order to input such coded data into the control and
processing unit 14 so that said such reference thermal map can be
compared therein with the thermal map found on each refrigerator
manufactured by the procedure described hereinafter. <br />
Furthermore,
the input unit 18 makes possible the introduction of further reference
thermal maps in coded form into the control and processing unit 14,
whenever other models of refrigerators (or other household appliances)
are produced. <br />
In this way, as soon as the thermographic apparatus
13 finds or determines a thermographic image of the area to be checked
of the heat insulation of the refrigerator body or door during the
course of production thereof, which image is visible to t<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigRmNlkF3mg6z27ODUEsJTB5Af6NCCiLzZbBXBbJV_ricmHVftME8dlHAghNKulMnaHoDc4dzCUmE_U-TBgjQxVukv7G4yhQX82TwnnICSK6AXNmlPgndAg_ABHGDPi5YvdCpKnyN1BPUI/s1600/IMGH_06525__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>he operator on
the monitor 17, if provided, thermographic apparatus 13 produces data
coded in analog form which corresponds to such image and which is
converted into digital form by the analog/digital converter 16 and sent
to the control and processing unit 14. This coded data is then compared
in the unit 14 with the coded data corresponding to the relevant
reference thermal map previously stored in unit 14 in order thereby to
be able to verify whether the heat insulation in question has been
produced properly and is without manufacturing defects that could reduce
its insulating power. <br />
In practice, if such comparison shows
minimum differences between the corresponding coded data of the heat
image found or determined and the reference map in question, which
differences are, however, within a preestablished range of tolerance
corresponding to the proper production of the heat insulation, then the
control and processing unit 14 proceeds to process corresponding coded
response data in digital form, which may be converted into analog form
by a digital/analog converter 19 and sent to an interface 20 adapted to
control the drive mechanisms 3 and thereby to cause the conveyor belt 2
to move forward. <br />
Accordingly, under these circumstances, the assembling of the refrigerator which has thus been inspected can be completed. <br />
Conversely,
if the comparison between such coded data shows differences that do not
fall within the specified range of tolerance, the control and
processing unit 14 proceeds to process corresponding response data which
are adapted to control, by the same procedures described earlier,
another drive mechanism 21 which is associated with an auxiliary
conveyor belt 22 so as to enable repair work to be performed on the
defects found, for instance further foaming of the heat insulation or,
if this is not possible, transporting the defective appliances for
scrapping or replacement. <br />
Similarly, if the refrigerator
manufacturing plant consists of mechanical manipulators 12 or other
apparatus for automatic assembly instead of conveyor belts, the control
and processing unit 14 proceeds to control such manipulators under the
same criteria and for the same purposes as described above. Therefore,
the inspection device of the invention makes it possible to find in a
simple, immediate and automatic manner any defect in the heat insulation
of the appliances produced, thereby achieving a complete inspection of
all the appliances and the maximum degree of reliability of the plant
for their manufacture, and furthermore permitting the elimination or
repair of defective appliances. <br />
The present inspection device
can, of course, also be combined with plants for the manufacture of
products other than those described herein, for instance for producing
slabs of acoustic or thermal insulating materials, etc., their essential
characteristics being that they develop an exothermic reaction during
manufacture. <br />
Finally, it should be pointed out th<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>at the
inspection device of the invention can also be provided with further
thermographic apparatus 13 which can be switched selectively with the
control and processing unit 14 by means known per se (e.g., a
multiplexer or the like) and arranged along different areas of the heat
insulation of one or more appliances during the course of manufacture
thereof. </div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<u><b>Electrolux AB History:</b></u><br />
<br />
Electrolux AB operates as the largest appliance manufacturer in the
world with customers in more than 150 countries. The company
manufactures a variety of household appliances including refrigerators,
washing machines, dishwashers, ovens, vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers, and
chain saws. The firm also manufactures professional foodservice and
laundry equipment used by hotels, restaurants, and laundromats.
Electrolux's brand arsenal includes its namesake, along with Eureka,
AEG, Frigidaire, Kelvinator, Zanussi, Flymo, Weed Eater, and Husqvarna.
In 2001, the firm held the leading market position in North America,
Europe, Latin America, and Australia. Electrolux completed a major
restructuring effort in 1999, which left it positioned with two main
business segments: Consumer Durables and Professional Products. In 2000,
the company purchased the rights to market the Electrolux brand in the
United States--the company had sold the brand along with its U.S.
floor-care business in 1969.<br />
<br />
<b>Key Dates:</b><br />
<br />
1919:<br />
Lux and Elektromekaniska merge to form Aktiebolaget Elektrolux. <br />
1921:<br />
The Lux V vacuum cleaner is introduced. <br />
1925:<br />
The company acquires Arctic, an absorption refrigerator manufacturer. <br />
1956:<br />
Axel Wenner-Gren sells his stake in the firm to Wallenberg, a Swedish finance group. <br />
1957:<br />
The company changes the spelling of its name to Electrolux. <br />
1962:<br />
ElektroHelios, a Scandinavian market leader in compressor refrigerators and freezers, is acquired. <br />
1967:<br />
Hans Werthén is named president. <br />
1974:<br />
Electrolux purchases United States-based Eureka. <br />
1984:<br />
Zanussi, an Italian household appliance manufacturer, is acquired. <br />
1997:<br />
Michael Treschow is named president and CEO; a major restructuring effort is launched. <br />
2000:<br />
The company buys the rights to the Electrolux brand in North America. <br />
2002:<br />
Treschow leaves to head up Ericsson; Hans Straberg is named his successor. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<u><i>Beginnings in Vacuum Cleaners</i></u><br />
<br />
The Electrolux empire originated with the perspicacity and marketing
flair of Axel Wenner-Gren, who spotted the potential of the mobile
vacuum cleaner only a few years after its invention by Englishman H.C.
Booth in 1901. In 1910 the young Wenner-Gren bought a part share in the
European agent of a U.S. company producing one of the early vacuum
cleaners, the clumsy Santo Staubsauger. After a couple of years as a
Santo salesman for the German-based agent, Wenner-Gren sold his share of
the company and returned to Sweden, where the building blocks for the
future Electrolux, Lux and Elektromekaniska AB, were already in place.<br />
<br />
Sven Carlstedt had formed Elektromekaniska in 1910 to manufacture motors
for a vacuum cleaner based on the Santo, which was produced by Swedish
engineer Eberhardt Seger. Since its founding in 1901, Lux had
manufactured kerosene lamps. Now confronted with a shrinking market
owing to the introduction of electric lighting, Lux head, C.G. Lindblom,
proposed to Sven Carlstedt that the two companies form a joint venture
for the production and marketing of a new vacuum cleaner.<br />
<br />
In 1912 Wenner-Gren became the agent for the Lux 1 vacuum cleaner in
Germany, subsequently taking on the United Kingdom and France. Over the
next few years Wenner-Gren's role in the company grew, and the machine
gradually became lighter and more ergonomic. Wenner-Gren foresaw a
potential sales bonanza in Europe after the end of World War I.
Initially unable to persuade his colleagues to step up production
capacity, he overcame their reluctance by guaranteeing a minimum sales
figure through his own sales company, Svenska Elektron (later known as
Finans AB Svetro).<br />
<br />
Lux and Elektromekaniska merged in 1919 as Aktiebolaget Elektrolux (the
spelling was changed to Electrolux in 1957). Wenner-Gren became
president and a major shareholder of the new company. In 1921 the Lux V
was introduced. This new model resembled a modern cylindrical vacuum
cleaner, but it glided along the floor on ski-like runners instead of
wheels. The Lux V was to present serious competition to the upright
Hoover machines in the 1920s.<br />
<br />
The convenience and attractive styling of its product helped to get the
new company off to a promising start, but the salesmanship of
Electrolux's president probably played an even bigger part. Wenner-Gren
was a great believer in the door-to-door sales techniques already
espoused by competitors such as Hoover in the United States. Vacuum
cleaners were demonstrated to potential customers in their own homes,
and buyers were allowed to pay for their machines in installments.
Wenner-Gren knew how to get the best out of his sales force.<br />
<br />
To today's sales managers, sales training, competitions, and slogans
like "Every home an Electrolux home" are familiar methods of boosting
sales, but when Wenner-Gren introduced them they were revolutionary. He
also believed in leading from the front. The story of how he sold a
vacuum cleaner to the Vatican is part of company mythology. Four
competitors demonstrated their machines first, each vacuuming their
allocated area of carpet. When Wenner-Gren's turn came, instead of
vacuuming the fifth area, he went over the first four again. The
resultant bagful of dust persuaded the pope to add his palace to the
growing number of Electrolux homes. Advertising, too, was imaginative.
Not only did Electrolux make extensive use of the press, but in the late
1920s, citizens of Stockholm, Berlin, and London were liable to
encounter bizarre vacuum cleaner-shaped cars in the streets.<br />
<br />
Bizarre or not, the sales methods worked, and the company grew.
Throughout the 1920s, new sales companies sprang up, not only all over
Europe but also in the United States in 1924, Australia in 1925, and
South America. Many of these were financed by Wenner-Gren himself rather
than by Electrolux in Sweden. Vacuum cleaner manufacturing plants also
started to open overseas, first in Berlin in 1926 and a year later in
Luton, England, and Courbevoie, France.<br />
<br />
By 1928 Electrolux had sales of SKr 70 million. It had five
manufacturing plants, 350 worldwide offices, and 20 subsidiaries. In
spite of this geographic expansion, the company was often short of
funds, in part because of the system of payment by installments. It
became clear that further growth would require increased capital, and it
was decided to float the company on the London Stock Exchange and to
issue more shares. Prior to flotation in 1928, Electrolux bought out
many of the related companies owned by Wenner-Gren, though he retained
his minority shareholding in the American Electrolux Corporation until
1949.<br />
<br />
Flotation on the Stockholm stock exchange was postponed until 1930 owing
to the stock market crash. When the shares did appear they were greeted
with some mistrust, as it was thought that the company was overvalued
and that sales would suffer during the anticipated recession. These
doubts, however, were to prove unfounded.<br />
<br />
<u><i>Diversifying into Refrigerators in the Mid-1920s</i></u><br />
<br />
During the 1920s Electrolux introduced a number of new products,
including floor-polishers, a natural progression from vacuum cleaners,
which were brought out in 1927. The main diversification of the 1920s,
however, came through the acquisition in 1925 of Arctic, a company
manufacturing a novel machine, the absorption refrigerator. This type of
refrigerator has no moving parts, though early models required
connection to a source of running water. Power can be provided by
electricity, gas, or kerosene as opposed to the compression method of
refrigeration, which relies on electric power. Early compressors were
noisy and bulky, so the new Electrolux system had several advantages
over its competitors' compression refrigerators.<br />
<br />
A new air-cooled version of Electrolux's absorption refrigerators was
introduced in 1931, and by 1936 more than one million had been sold.
Demand for the machines grew as restrictions were placed on the use of
food preservatives by legislation such as the United Kingdom Food
Preservative Act of 1927. In the United States, Servel Inc. had acquired
a license to manufacture Electrolux's refrigerators.<br />
<br />
Electrolux's original vacuum cleaner factory on Lilla Essingen was
devastated by fire in 1936. When it was rebuilt the following year, the
opportunity was taken to fit it with the latest equipment and to install
a central research laboratory.<br />
<br />
In 1926 Wenner-Gren became chairman of the board, with Ernst Aurell
taking over as president. During the 1930s Wenner-Gren remained chairman
but reduced his involvement in the running of the company, prior to
resigning from his post in 1939. Harry G. Faulkner, a British accountant
who had been instrumental in the company's consolidation prior to the
1928 flotation, succeeded Aurell in 1930 and remained president
throughout the 1930s.<br />
<br />
With intensive marketing and continued investment in research and
development, Electrolux rode out the Great Depression. By 1939 annual
sales stood at SKr 80 million. In 1939 Gustaf Sahlin, former president
of the United States Electrolux Corporation, took over the presidency of
the parent company from Faulkner. Throughout World War II, despite the
loss of some manufacturing plants, Electrolux managed to maintain many
of its usual activities, opening operations in Australia, Venezuela, and
Colombia. At home in Sweden, it acquired companies in the fields of
commercial laundry equipment and outboard motors. Much energy, however,
was diverted into the war effort, including the manufacture of munitions
and of air cleaners for the Swedish forces.<br />
<br />
After the war Electrolux resumed its normal operations, initially under
Elon V. Ekman, who became president in 1951, and from 1963 to 1967 under
his successor Harry Wennberg. The period was not without setbacks,
however. Many subsidiaries that had been opened in Eastern European
countries before the war disappeared from view behind the Iron Curtain.
In addition, despite a British government contract to supply 50,000
built-in absorption refrigerators for prefabricated temporary houses,
the company began to face problems in the refrigerator market.
Compression technology had advanced and was proving more effective for
the larger refrigerators that consumers were now demanding. Although at
first the company concentrated on improving the design of the absorption
refrigerator, Electrolux eventually was obliged to adopt compression
technology.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, diversification continued. During the 1950s Electrolux
started making household washing machines and dishwashers, and
floor-cleaning equipment production was extended to an increasing number
of countries, including Brazil and Norway. When, in 1956, Axel
Wenner-Gren sold his remaining shares in Electrolux to Wallenberg, a
Swedish finance group, annual turnover exceeded SKr 500 million. The
association with Wallenberg has often stood Electrolux in good stead,
helping, for example, to arrange overseas funding and to insulate the
group from any hostile takeover bids.<br />
<br />
In 1962, in an attempt to solve its refrigerator problems, Electrolux
bought the Swedish firm of ElektroHelios. This firm, founded in 1919,
had a major share of the Scandinavian market in compressor refrigerators
and freezers, as well as making stoves. In the year following the
acquisition, Electrolux launched a wide range of food-storage equipment,
putting it in a strong position to benefit from the demands generated
by the flourishing frozen food industry.<br />
<br />
<u><i>Major Acquisitions: Late 1960s-80s</i></u><br />
<br />
Until the 1960s Electrolux had continued to operate along the lines
conceived by Wenner-Gren in the early years. A new phase began in 1967,
when Hans Werthén was recruited from Ericsson, another member of the
Wallenberg group of companies. Werthén remained with Electrolux for more
than 25 years, first as president, and from 1975 to 1991 as chairman,
with Gösta Bystedt and then Anders Scharp succeeding him as president.
Under this regime, a series of momentous acquisitions was to allow
Electrolux to multiply its turnover by a factor of 60 in 20 years.<br />
<br />
When Werthén took over management of the Electrolux group the company
was in the doldrums; it had run into internal and external problems, and
its technology was outmoded. Electrolux, an international company, had
not been effectively integrated with its acquisition ElektroHelios,
which still focused on the Scandinavian market. In many ways the merged
companies had continued to behave as if they were still competitors,
resulting in a net loss of market share in the refrigerator market. Only
the vacuum cleaners were profitable: to use Werthén's own words, "they
represented 125 percent of the profits."<br />
<br />
Approaching the problem from a new perspective, Werthén managed to
resolve the Electrolux-ElektroHelios conflict and get rid of the
organizational overlap. His new head of production, Anders Scharp, set
about updating production technology to challenge the much more advanced
techniques he had seen in U.S. appliance factories. Werthén believed
that Electrolux's problems could not be overcome simply by operational
improvements. The company had a more fundamental problem: size.<br />
<br />
As Werthén saw it, Electrolux was neither small enough to be a niche
player, nor large enough to gain the economies of scale it needed to
compete with such giants as Philips and AEG. Growth was the only way
forward, and in the overcrowded market place for household goods, growth
meant acquisitions.<br />
<br />
The initial focus was on Scandinavia. One small competitor after
another, many of them struggling for survival, was bought up by the
growing company. The Norwegian stove manufacturer Elektra, the Danish
white goods company Atlas, and the Finnish stove maker Slev were among
the first acquisitions of the late 1960s. Soon Electrolux was shopping
for competitors outside Scandinavia. The 1974 acquisition of Eureka, one
of the longest established vacuum cleaner companies in the United
States, gave Electrolux a large slice of a valuable market overnight.<br />
<br />
At around this time there were glimmerings of hope for the reemergence
of the absorption refrigerator. The quiet-running units were ideally
suited to installation in smaller living spaces, such as mobile homes
and hotel rooms. Electrolux managers soon sensed these new
opportunities. After taking over competitors Kreft (of Luxembourg) and
Siegas (of Germany) in 1972, the group became world leader in this
sector.<br />
<br />
In addition to expanding its share of the company's existing markets,
Electrolux soon started to see acquisitions as a way of entering new
areas, particularly those related to existing product lines. Electrolux
acquired the British lawn mower manufacturer Flymo in 1968 because
Werthén saw lawn mowing as an activity allied to floor cleaning. The
provision of cleaning services seemed a logical extension to the
production of cleaning equipment, prompting the purchase of a half share
in the Swedish cleaning company ASAB.<br />
<br />
Buying up the venerable Swedish firm of Husqvarna in 1978 gave
Electrolux not only a new pool of expertise in commercial refrigeration,
but also a flourishing chainsaw-manufacturing concern, which
complemented its interests in outdoor equipment. Taking over a clutch of
other chainsaw manufacturers over the following decade--including the
U.S. firm Poulan/Weed Eater in 1986--enabled Electrolux to claim
leadership of the worldwide chainsaw market. The outdoor products sector
was further strengthened and broadened through the acquisitions of
American Yard Products in 1988 and of Allegretti & Co., a U.S. maker
of battery-driven garden tools, in 1990.<br />
<br />
This program of acquisitions brought some more radical departures from
existing product lines. In 1973 Electrolux bought Facit, a Swedish
office equipment company. The deal also brought to Electrolux the
production of Ballingslöv kitchen and bathroom cabinets. Initial doubts
about whether Electrolux had the know-how to manage a high-tech company
proved unfounded.<br />
<br />
The purchase of Swedish metal producer Gränges was greeted with equal
skepticism, since again the connection between the new and existing
businesses appeared to be rather tenuous. Gränges was seen as a troubled
company, but when Electrolux bought it in 1980, Werthén had already
been chairman of its board for three years and had overseen a marked
upturn in its fortunes. Gränges became part of Electrolux in 1980, and
by the late 1980s Gränges' aluminum products and car seat belts
represented a major aspect of Electrolux's business, although other
parts of Gränges were sold off.<br />
<br />
Under the presidency of Anders Scharp, which began in 1981, Electrolux's
program of acquisitions began to focus on the consolidation and
expansion of existing lines. Takeovers became increasingly ambitious as
Electrolux saw within its reach the chance to become one of the world
leaders in household appliances. Major steps toward this goal were the
acquisitions of Zanussi in Italy, White Consolidated in the United
States (the third largest white goods company in that country), and the
white goods and catering equipment divisions of the United Kingdom's
Thorn EMI, in 1984, 1986, and 1987, respectively.<br />
<br />
Through the years, Electrolux gained a reputation for buying only when
the price was right and for turning around sick companies, even at the
cost of heavy staff cuts and management shake-ups. As the Wall Street
Journal pointed out in 1986 in a piece about the acquisition of White
Consolidated, the group balance sheet looked unhealthy immediately after
some of the larger acquisitions, showing an equity-asset ratio as low
as 21 percent.<br />
<br />
Electrolux bounced back confidently, making divestments as well as
acquisitions. One of Werthén's earliest acts as president had been the
1968 sale of AB Electrolux's minority shareholding in the United States
Electrolux Corporation to Consolidated Foods, which raised SKr 300
million, although the subsequent Eureka purchase had placed the company
in the curious position of competing against its own brand name.
Management continued this policy of judicious divestment following
acquisitions, when it was considered that all or part of the new member
did not fit in with the group's strategy. Facit, for instance, was sold
to Ericsson in 1983, and shortly after the purchase of White
Consolidated, its machine-tool division, White Machine Tools, was sold
off.<br />
<br />
Another method of raising cash was through the sale of assets, although
Electrolux acquisitions were not primarily motivated by a desire to
strip assets. In the case of Husqvarna, the purchase price of SKr 120
million was more than covered within six months by the sale of its land
and other property. A third way of recovering the costs of acquisition
was the use of a troubled company's accumulated losses wherever possible
to reduce the group's tax liability. This was a major incentive in the
acquisition of Gränges.<br />
<br />
Not every company was delighted to hear Electrolux knocking on its door.
Many a takeover was resisted by the target company, although Electrolux
was also sometimes called in to rescue a troubled company (as happened
with Zanussi) or asked to act as a white knight (notably for the U.S.
household appliance company Tappan in 1979).<br />
<br />
<u><i>Geographic Expansion and Restructurings in the 1990s</i></u><br />
<br />
The 1990s brought major changes to Electrolux, spearheaded by a new
management team. Werthén resigned as chairman in early 1991, Scharp
became chairman and CEO, and Leif Johansson was named president of the
firm, taking over as CEO himself in 1994. During Werthén's long reign,
Electrolux had grown tremendously through acquisitions but had failed to
effectively consolidate the acquired operations into existing ones. The
result was an unwieldy array of brands, each of which needing the
support of separate production and marketing operations. Electrolux was
further hurt in the early 1990s by an economic downturn in its core
European and North American operations and by the maturing of the white
goods sectors in those same markets, which intensified competition. All
told, profits for Electrolux from 1990 through 1994 were much lower than
the heights reached during the late 1980s. The new management team
responded by seeking out new markets for its core products, by gradually
divesting its noncore industrial products operations, and by
streamlining its remaining business units.<br />
<br />
Electrolux targeted Eastern Europe, Asia, South America, the Middle
East, and southern Africa in its 1990s push for global growth. The
company had already, in 1989, arranged for Sharp Corporation to
distribute some of Electrolux's products in Japan. Subsequent moves in
Asia included the setting up of joint ventures in China for the
manufacture of compressors, vacuum cleaners, and water purifiers, and
the acquisition of majority stakes in refrigerator and washing machine
factories in India. In January 1996 another Chinese joint venture was
established for the production of refrigerators and freezers for
commercial users. The newly opened markets of Eastern Europe were first
targeted with the 1991 purchase of the Hungarian white goods company
Lehel. A 1995 joint venture with Poland's Myszkow FNE Swiatowit began
making washing machines under the Zanussi brand. In Latin America, where
Whirlpool was dominant, Electrolux acquired 99 percent of Refrigeraçao
Paraná S.A. (Refripar) in 1996. Refripar (soon renamed Electrolux do
Brazil) held the number two position among Brazilian white goods
companies. Also in 1996, Electrolux purchased a 20 percent stake in
Atlas Eléctrica S.A. of Costa Rica, the leading producer of
refrigerators and stoves in Central America. By 1994, about 10 percent
of Electrolux's sales came from outside the European Union and North
America. This figure more than doubled by 1996 to 20.4 percent, with
non-EU Europe accounting for 7 percent, Latin America for 6.4 percent,
Asia for 5.1 percent, Oceania for 1 percent, and Africa for 0.9 percent.<br />
<br />
While undergoing this global expansion, Electrolux also moved gradually
to concentrate solely on three core sectors: household appliances,
commercial appliances, and outdoor products. Profits in the company's
industrial products sector were falling and Scharp and Johansson
determined that these noncore operations should be jettisoned. The
culmination of this process came in 1996 and 1997, with the divestment
of the Constructor group, producers of materials-handling equipment; the
sale of the Swedish electronics operations of Electrolux Electronics,
and a sewing machines unit; and the spinoff of Gränges to the public.
The final divestment came in August 1997 when Electrolux's goods
protection operation, which sold tarpaulins and storage halls, was sold
to MVI, a privately owned investment fund.<br />
<br />
Electrolux greatly reduced its acquisitions activity in the European
Union and North America in the 1990s, although there was one major
addition. In 1992 the company bought a 10 percent stake in AEG
Hausgeräte, the household appliance division of Germany's Daimler-Benz.
This stake was increased to 20 percent in 1993 and the following year
Electrolux purchased the remaining 80 percent for about US$437 million.
The purchase brought the company another strong European brand, which
fit well into a renewed brand strategy for Electrolux. The company
sought to position the Electrolux brand as a global brand and
Electrolux, Zanussi, and AEG as pan-European brands, while continuing to
maintain strong local brands such as Faure in France and Tricity Bendix
in the United Kingdom.<br />
<br />
Along with the new brand strategy, Electrolux began in 1996 to reduce
its fragmented operations and become more efficient. A pan-European
logistics function was set up for white goods and floor-care products.
In late 1996 the company's North American white goods operation,
Frigidaire Company, was combined with the two North American outdoor
products companies, Poulan/Weed Eater and American Yard Products, to
form Frigidaire Home Products. Merging these operations made strategic
sense since the trend in retailing was toward single retailers selling
both indoor and outdoor appliances. Similar consolidations were planned
for Electrolux's operations elsewhere in the world.<br />
<br />
In April 1997 Johansson left Electrolux to become the chief executive at
Volvo AB. Replacing him as Electrolux president and CEO was Michael
Treschow, who had been president and CEO at Atlas Copco AB, a maker of
industrial equipment and, like Electrolux, part of the Wallenberg
dynasty. It was left to Treschow to announce, in June 1997, a major
restructuring plan, which had already been agreed upon before he took
over. Over a two-year period, Electrolux would lay off more than 11,000
of its workers (11 percent of its workforce) and close 23 plants and 50
warehouses (half of its global total), with the reductions coming mainly
in Europe and North America. A charge of SKr 2.5 billion (US$323
million) was incurred as the result of the restructuring in the second
quarter of 1997.<br />
<br />
Under the leadership of Treschow, Electrolux further streamlined its
operations in 1998, divesting its recycling business, its kitchen and
bathroom cabinets interests, and various professional cleaning and
heavy-duty laundry equipment units. The following year, the firm sold
off its food and beverage vending machine businesses and its
professional refrigeration equipment business. That year, Electrolux
nixed a large portion of its direct sales force.<br />
<br />
The company completed its restructuring efforts in 1999 and began to
focus on maintaining its leadership position in the future. Treschow was
confident that the firm's efforts would pay off, claiming in a 1999
Appliance Manufacturer article that the company was "ideally placed to
meet the challenges of the new millennium." To back up that claim, the
company began to develop new products that utilized cutting edge
technology. In 1999, it teamed up with Ericsson to develop and market
products for the "networked home." Managed under the joint venture,
e2Home, these products would be connected via the Web to a variety of
information and service providers. Another product line, the Live-In
Kitchen, connected appliances to mobile phones, which among other
features, allowed the owner to preheat their oven from their cell phone.
As part of its foray into new technology, Electrolux also developed the
Trilobite vacuum cleaner, a robotic product that used sensors to vacuum
a room, and a Smart Fridge, a top-of-the-line refrigerator complete
with built-in computer screen and Internet access.<br />
<br />
<u><i>Focusing on Brand Alignment in the New Millennium</i></u><br />
<br />
By 2000, both sales and net income had increased steadily over the past
three years. Sales had grown from SKr 113 billion to SKr 124.4 billion.
Net income also had recovered, skyrocketing from SKr 352 million
recorded in 1997, to SKr 4.4 billion secured in 2000. During that year,
the company repurchased its rights to the Electrolux brand in North
America, which it had sold in 1969 upon divesting its U.S. floor-care
company. The purchase was part of its plan to align its brand names,
especially in North America.<br />
<br />
The company's operating environment became turbulent in 2001. Weakening
demand and high costs related to upgrades at its refrigerator factories
in North America forced the firm's operating income to fall by nearly 23
percent over the previous year. Despite these challenges, the company
made two key acquisitions, including Email Ltd., Australia's largest
household appliance manufacturer, and Italy-based Marazzini, a lawn
mower manufacturer.<br />
<br />
In April 2002, Hans Straberg took over as president and CEO as Treschow
left the firm to head up Ericsson. Under new leadership, Electrolux
shifted its focus from cost cutting to brand realignment. At the time,
the company managed more than 50 different brands. The Economist
reported in April 2002 that the company realized that "rationalizing the
brands can be dangerous if done too quickly--so the rebranding will be
more evolution than revolution. The Electrolux name will become the
master brand, but the company will keep strong local brands, such as the
Flymo lawnmower in Britain."<br />
<br />
Facing strong competition and uncertain economic times, Straberg most
definitely had his work cut out for him. Although the repositioning of
the Electrolux brand name would no doubt face challenges, the company
appeared to be well on its way to maintaining its leadership position in
the appliance industry in the years to come.<br />
<br />
Principal Subsidiaries: Electrolux Home Products Pty. Ltd. (Australia);
Electrolux Hausgerate GmbH (Austria); Electrolux Home Products Corp.
N.V. (Belgium); Electrolux do Brasil S.A. (99.9%); Electrolux Canada
Corp.; Electrolux Home Appliances Co. Ltd. (China); Electrolux Holding
A/S (Denmark); Oy Electrolux Ab (Finland); Electrolux France S.A.;
Electrolux Deutschland GmbH (Germany); Electrolux Kelvinator Ltd.
(India; 76%); Electrolux Zanussi S.p.A. (Italy); Electrolux de Mexico,
S.A. de C.V.; Electrolux Associated Company B.V. (The Netherlands);
Electrolux Norge AS (Norway); Electrolux Espana S.A. (Spain); Husqvarna
AB; Electrolux Professional AB; Electrolux Holding AG (Switzerland);
Electrolux UK Ltd.; Electrolux Home Products Inc. (U.S.A.); Electrolux
North American Inc. (U.S.A.).<br />
<br />
Principal Competitors: BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH; GE Consumer Products; Whirlpool Corporation. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<u>Further Reading:</u><br />
<br />
"Brand Challenge; Electrolux," Economist (U.S.), April 6, 2002.<br />
Brown-Humes, Christopher, "Electrolux to Plug into Households in Opening Markets," Financial Times, April 27, 1995, p. 25.<br />
Burt, Tim, "Electrolux Set to Pull Out of Industrial Goods," Financial Times, October 30, 1996, p. 28.<br />
Calian, Sara, "Electrolux to Cut Force by 11%, Mainly in North America, Europe," Wall Street Journal, June 13, 1997, p. A15.<br />
Canedy, Dana, "Electrolux to Cut 12,000 Workers and Shut Plants," New York Times, June 13, 1997, p. D2.<br />
"Can 'Mike the Knife' Give Electrolux a Net-Age Edge?," Business Week, September 13, 2000.<br />
"Electrolux Expects to Be No. 1 Appliance Maker," Appliance Manufacturer, February 1994, p. 20.<br />
"Electrolux News," Appliance, December 1999, p. 18.<br />
"Electrolux News," Appliance, May 2002, p. 15.<br />
"Electrolux Plots a New Strategy," Housewares, January 1, 1990, p. 78.<br />
"Electrolux Sweeps into America," Business Week, September 23, 2002.<br />
Electrolux: Two Epochs That Shaped a Worldwide Group, Stockholm: Electrolux, 1989.<br />
Gordon, Bob, Early Electrical Appliances, Princes Risborough, United Kingdom: Shire Publications Ltd., 1984.<br />
Holding, Robert L., "Globalization: The Second Decade," Appliance Manufacturer, May 1999, p. 34.<br />
Jancsurak, Joe, "Big Plans for Europe's Big Three," Appliance Manufacturer, April 1995, pp. 26-30.<br />
Kapstein, Jonathan, and Zachary Schiller, "The Fast-Spinning Machine
That Blew a Gasket," Business Week, September 10, 1990, pp. 50, 52.<br />
Lorenz, Christopher, "The Birth of a 'Transnational,'" Financial Times, June 19, 1989.<br />
McGrath, Neal, "New Broom Sweeps into Asia," Asian Business, March 1996, p. 22.<br />
McIvor, Greg, "Electrolux Comes Under the Scalpel," Financial Times, October 29, 1997, p. 19.<br />
Moss, Nicholas, and Hale Richards, "Mike the Knife Cuts Deep," European, June 19, 1997, p. 17.<br />
Racanelli, Vito, "Autumn Fall for Electrolux," Barron's, July 29, 2002.<br />
"The Real Head of the Household," Director, November 1996, p. 17.<br />
Reed, Stanley, "The Wallenbergs' New Blood," Business Week, October 20, 1997, pp. 98, 102.<br />
Sparke, Penny, Electrical Appliances: Twentieth-Century Design, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987.<br />
"The Stars of Europe--Survivors," Business Week, June 11, 2001.<br />
"Sweden's Electrolux Plans for Expansion into Southeast Asia," Wall Street Journal, January 4, 1995, p. B7.<br />
Tully, Shawn, "Electrolux Wants a Clean Sweep," Fortune, August 18, 1986, p. 60.<br />
Zweig, Jason, "Cleaning Up," Forbes, December 11, 1989, p. 302.<br />
<br />
Source: International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 53. St. James Press, 2003.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-37306461899964129162012-10-16T18:00:00.000-07:002014-07-19T11:30:48.028-07:00MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC MR.SLIM PKA-RP100KAL + MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC PUHZ-ZRP100VKA POWER INVERTER AIR CONDITIONER YEAR 2013.<span style="font-size: large;"><u>Sick of foreign countries getting rich from the money we spend<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3,"tn":"K"}"><span class="userContent">???</span></span></u></span><br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3,"tn":"K"}" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="userContent"> <u>YES I
am sick and tired of the taxes and rising prices of petrol / diesel fuels and other
essential commodities.</u> </span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3,"tn":"K"}" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="userContent">I pay all this money just to pay crappy things of all types to crappy people. The same people (government & co.) told us then to conserve on fuel, check the air in your tires, use cruise control, and drive slower. They told it to us day and night, on television, in newspapers, the radio, on billboards, in school, everywhere you went. Wind power, air power, sun power, waterpower, and even manure power, blah, blah, blah. <br /><br />Did we learn anything from all this wonderful and informative tax-paid education? No. As soon as the crisis (<u>which is a fake organized business to fuckup..........see dumpsters and recycling sites</u>) was over, gas stabilized in the dollar range, staying that way until the last several years. The only ones who learned anything in all this were the Middle Eastern countries. </span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3,"tn":"K"}" style="font-size: small;"><span class="userContent">Now instead of just cutting us off, they slow the supply down and raise the price (and feed us more invasions of "<i style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">migrants</i>" wich are only resource consumers / stealers and land destroyers)</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> If we do not do our part, then we should stop running to the politicians
and complaining, because they will not be much help anyway.</span><span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3,"tn":"K"}" style="font-size: small;"><span class="userContent">............(to be clear nothing if not worse)<span id="goog_812116965"></span><span id="goog_812116966"></span></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3,"tn":"K"}"><span class="userContent"> </span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}" style="color: red; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3,"tn":"K"}"><span class="userContent">In a European country or the USA, I might pay
upto 50% tax, but fortunately i've decided to change winter warming technology from oil to this...............here today.</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}" style="color: red;">
<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3,"tn":"K"}"><span class="userContent"> </span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3,"tn":"K"}" style="font-size: small;"><span class="userContent"><i style="color: blue;">From my previsions and calculations the price to obtain same and higlhy more efficient warming in winter seasons and further cooling in more rising summer temperatures will be reduced to at least 1/4 if not better with this machinery........................a refrigerator........which coooooools...............and warms up....................let's see.....................</i></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3,"tn":"K"}"><span class="userContent"><i style="color: blue;"> </i></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3,"tn":"K"}"><span class="userContent"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The MITSUBISHI PKA-RP100KAL + MITSUBISHI PUHZ-ZRP100VKA MR.SLIM <u>POWER INVERTER </u> AIR CONDITIONER</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"> <span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';">R410A Wall Mounted System,Advanced
inverter technology makes the Mr Slim Power Inverter the number one
choice for improving comfort. They provide energy savings of up to 70%
annually when compared to a previous non-inverter model. </span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"> Air conditioning is regarded as a significant user of energy in buildings across the EU. The Ecodesign Directive is focusing on this<br />area in a bid to reduce overall energy consumption, and to accelerate market transformation to more energy efficient products.<br />An air conditioner will vary performance over changing seasons which means calculating seasonal performance is important to ascertain<br />the true performance of an air conditioning system. Ecodesign Directive reflects this by setting minimum efficiency requirements and a<br />new method of measuring performance introduced across the EU and hence new energy ratings are achievable. The European Standard<br />BSEN14825:2012 sets the seasonal performance calculation for an air conditioning system under 12kW of which the energy efficiency<br />class for each product specification is shown. </span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"> The Mr Slim range offers Standard Inverter models, highly efficient Power Inverter<br />models and unique Zubadan models which provide optimum performance at<br />low ambient temperature conditions.<br />The full Mr Slim range has been completely redesigned to meet the new<br />Ecodesign Directive for Energy Related Products (ErP).<br />This enables the entire range to be one of the most efficient in the<br />industry with energy efficiency class up to A++.</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><b> PKA-RP Power Inverter Heat Pump.</b><br /><br /><u>FEATURES</u>:<br /><br />Flat panel, compact indoor unit design<br />Adjustable louvres for uniform air distribution<br />Internal pipe connection to wall mounted unit for easy and neat installation,</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"> </span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbnI7csuWt0_8bwm8fXnLDrzQh8rSvo66UV5pgvGpPlyLy3rGKMRtJEjBW5P3iZFcy11xHRUEZemn_jYGB2goOIgOR-LcMctU_PLDXR-ioc5SM-Ra0-A-fLsKKEIf9ugZKwrmSNp1q90cW/s1600/IMGH_06430.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbnI7csuWt0_8bwm8fXnLDrzQh8rSvo66UV5pgvGpPlyLy3rGKMRtJEjBW5P3iZFcy11xHRUEZemn_jYGB2goOIgOR-LcMctU_PLDXR-ioc5SM-Ra0-A-fLsKKEIf9ugZKwrmSNp1q90cW/s1600/IMGH_06430.jpg" height="238" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><b>PKA-RP100KAL Indoor Unit </b> <br />Capacity (kW): <br />Heating (Nominal) (Low - High) 11.20 (4.50 - 14.00)<br />Cooling (Nominal) (Low - High) 10.00 (4.90 - 11.40)<br />Heating (UK) (Low - High) 9.50 (3.85 - 11.90)<br />Cooling (UK) (Low - High) 9.20 (4.50 - 10.50)<br />SHF R410A (Nominal) 0.73<br />COP / EER (Nominal) 3.61 / 3.45<br />Energy Label Heating / Cooling A / A<br />Width - mm 1170<br />Depth - mm 295<br />Height - mm 365<br />Weight - kg 21<br />Airflow (m3/min) - Lo-Mi-Hi 20-23-26<br />Noise (dBA) - Lo-Mi-Hi 41-45-49<br />Electrical Supply Fed by Outdoor Unit<br />Phase Single<br />Fuse Rating (BS88) - HRC (A) 6<br />Interconnecting Cable No. Cores 4</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEickI2s9YlGt70aV8UgiKc0rooexf17l-1p9KbG1mSJarpv9GH7Q46ulLAubCdd9NbT3zzP7bNbawcPQDIWPNhy8cK4-9Tzv9MBZ1lSlqlQ0SBT0E4FAKG4vTvrcCMU4SZrpgW287aO1WGe/s1600/IMGH_06430.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEickI2s9YlGt70aV8UgiKc0rooexf17l-1p9KbG1mSJarpv9GH7Q46ulLAubCdd9NbT3zzP7bNbawcPQDIWPNhy8cK4-9Tzv9MBZ1lSlqlQ0SBT0E4FAKG4vTvrcCMU4SZrpgW287aO1WGe/s1600/IMGH_06430.jpg" height="238" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLQ3cgu7hWpcCbxIC7m30dvgCxkl8VqcfUk6h5VUUYkXfX6tZKfFySdTKU8E51i03O7AR66S4AQk_EYCHbAqZoUmwYgLKZivVVX3Wh_Lm3pe45thBoP8NFc9BpJQ4j54PJtg73qFcsich1/s1600/IMGH_06431.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLQ3cgu7hWpcCbxIC7m30dvgCxkl8VqcfUk6h5VUUYkXfX6tZKfFySdTKU8E51i03O7AR66S4AQk_EYCHbAqZoUmwYgLKZivVVX3Wh_Lm3pe45thBoP8NFc9BpJQ4j54PJtg73qFcsich1/s1600/IMGH_06431.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuTwRQwz9R1S3s5rH18KPqRIH2Q-S4-mhhWMNgi1yyq0M4mKttr6L1rjiPDqKoHorlFC9lVb3ClxKkBqHYKjqENoEsDzA3JeXphQDqR-GB6qk0161lxrAXL0IjD-1e2VxL1pYo2y0LeFUw/s1600/IMGH_06432.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuTwRQwz9R1S3s5rH18KPqRIH2Q-S4-mhhWMNgi1yyq0M4mKttr6L1rjiPDqKoHorlFC9lVb3ClxKkBqHYKjqENoEsDzA3JeXphQDqR-GB6qk0161lxrAXL0IjD-1e2VxL1pYo2y0LeFUw/s1600/IMGH_06432.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
</h5>
<span style="font-size: small;">P Series Air Conditioner and Heat Pump</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>The Attraction of Being Untraditional</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Mr. Slim P-Series is the ductless
solution for demanding environments that require an efficient and
reliable heating or cooling system. P-Series ductless systems are
stylish, compact, and more attractive than traditional systems. Advanced
technology also means your Mr.
Slim ductless system will run more efficiently than a conventional unit,
saving you from rising energy costs.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Designed for the Toughest Environment</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">No two buildings are alike. Each
design, each floor plan, each room offers its own challenges for
something as important as proper air conditioning and circulation. Mr.
Slim systems are designed to adapt to your needs. Reliable, easy to
install, and extremely quiet. Mr. Slim systems are powerful enough for
the toughest situations, from offices and server rooms to equipment
rooms. restaurants and retail locations.</span><br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHWEvJlAEr1HOGDdRJxE0mX9S6OJlc7Al-Pv_mLlGcjGsKUVG_hh6GGnIB0_Gmwr73ibG2qQX0G7ii7eBCTLgYmd_MUbLfY9P8lL6GtY34ikJtrNWPveNRqnywDuRvTxJoH3zrnWbYcbbA/s1600/IMGH_06443.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHWEvJlAEr1HOGDdRJxE0mX9S6OJlc7Al-Pv_mLlGcjGsKUVG_hh6GGnIB0_Gmwr73ibG2qQX0G7ii7eBCTLgYmd_MUbLfY9P8lL6GtY34ikJtrNWPveNRqnywDuRvTxJoH3zrnWbYcbbA/s1600/IMGH_06443.jpg" height="237" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><b>PUHZ-ZRP100VKA POWER INVERTER R410A Outdoor Unit (The BEAST) </b> </span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><br />Electrical Supply Fed by Mains to indoor unit<br />SystemPower Input (kW) - Heating (Nominal) 3.1<br />SystemPower Input (kW) - Cooling (Nominal) 2.9<br />SystemPower Input (kW) - Heating (UK) 2.76<br />SystemPower Input (kW) - Cooling (UK) 2.47<br />Starting Current (A) 5<br />SystemRunning Current (A) - Heating / Cooling 14.15 / 13.25.</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"> </span></span></h5>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieGxORM_a7dpb6X0BLtyzeGa5TLPrwDRaPzCTjrzlymZeiCvWFxWa4z0S9LU8u8I5DOKemljaMsVhAscU4nHnDBdPPe4ZEiyfAOTnZ0XSno2Qq31DmqnI_JEepQmuaVBzhHQdJgWiM9AD8/s1600/IMGH_06433.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieGxORM_a7dpb6X0BLtyzeGa5TLPrwDRaPzCTjrzlymZeiCvWFxWa4z0S9LU8u8I5DOKemljaMsVhAscU4nHnDBdPPe4ZEiyfAOTnZ0XSno2Qq31DmqnI_JEepQmuaVBzhHQdJgWiM9AD8/s1600/IMGH_06433.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><b>Variable Compressor Speed Inverter Technology:MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC PUHZ-ZRP100VKA</b><br />
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
At the heart of Mr. Slim P-Series ductless air conditioners and heat pumps lies Variable Compressor Speed Inverter (VCSI) technology Unlike conventional machines which only cycle between On and Off, VCSI systems detect changes in room temperature and readjust the compressor Speed to provide high-speed cooling or heating as needed. This means the space maintains a consistent, accurate temperature for the ultimate in comfort, all while using only the power that's needed. By adjusting the air conditioning capacity to run more efficiently, your energy costs are reduced.</div>
</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"> </span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzINWzcQYtbY7iF68dye9JjZD-d7UVVNHFKogDF-ezMwkEBs0lhBk5fkY6_d2ggDkte_SCJ3MZN2D3SI7KwOaNDU5dEIQHAwzhgNsw-ByZgg1Djq5J77Digz3EoFMzshaKliy3NxPufu7a/s1600/IMGH_06444.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzINWzcQYtbY7iF68dye9JjZD-d7UVVNHFKogDF-ezMwkEBs0lhBk5fkY6_d2ggDkte_SCJ3MZN2D3SI7KwOaNDU5dEIQHAwzhgNsw-ByZgg1Djq5J77Digz3EoFMzshaKliy3NxPufu7a/s1600/IMGH_06444.jpg" height="320" width="237" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqOvGe7wUo6FHwA46108F-EzXC8ag4r1oKogOj58HaSbgX5TwEc7QMigJ0lyLpOnUl5vpaTeZe4wW17C3lWhlWJnWKZT3dl2FcveJnFjP72K8w1uwEwMwGlptz04OxAi-jNtLjQ3suGToe/s1600/IMGH_06438.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqOvGe7wUo6FHwA46108F-EzXC8ag4r1oKogOj58HaSbgX5TwEc7QMigJ0lyLpOnUl5vpaTeZe4wW17C3lWhlWJnWKZT3dl2FcveJnFjP72K8w1uwEwMwGlptz04OxAi-jNtLjQ3suGToe/s1600/IMGH_06438.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJfKonzWHUv-tXh-VMhdPNMok-0Ohn0irU1chYHlHD3kq_46mBYuQfrfonMIR9e6TkzxfxgyXeywcyhVczaAiXIPWH2QodnTCGgh4SD4IuPi0W4AmHdGYcmswIDRqIN7Z3aWxWb89I27jy/s1600/IMGH_06436.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><span id="goog_940371250"></span><span id="goog_940371251"></span></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJfKonzWHUv-tXh-VMhdPNMok-0Ohn0irU1chYHlHD3kq_46mBYuQfrfonMIR9e6TkzxfxgyXeywcyhVczaAiXIPWH2QodnTCGgh4SD4IuPi0W4AmHdGYcmswIDRqIN7Z3aWxWb89I27jy/s1600/IMGH_06436.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJfKonzWHUv-tXh-VMhdPNMok-0Ohn0irU1chYHlHD3kq_46mBYuQfrfonMIR9e6TkzxfxgyXeywcyhVczaAiXIPWH2QodnTCGgh4SD4IuPi0W4AmHdGYcmswIDRqIN7Z3aWxWb89I27jy/s1600/IMGH_06436.jpg" height="320" width="234" /></a> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx8Gxv7wPeLrg63ZN2sMcFkNDY73aKVmvvcqRf4xuQRm5b4DnR0bMtBzzdMmVKuwthYSY7UwmG-IatR21mB59aFdbWYQzv9EeQf42_W12PVtVeqTfbQmyhsa5QsoZL5Dfms7iC46ccLA8U/s1600/IMGH_06437.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx8Gxv7wPeLrg63ZN2sMcFkNDY73aKVmvvcqRf4xuQRm5b4DnR0bMtBzzdMmVKuwthYSY7UwmG-IatR21mB59aFdbWYQzv9EeQf42_W12PVtVeqTfbQmyhsa5QsoZL5Dfms7iC46ccLA8U/s1600/IMGH_06437.jpg" height="320" width="238" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMUZoYL0zILflQBFMsex6vRnPTxc9VZVjOw0aRy94nbRSMy8BkqQZmcwa-6paTkkNuDvneM_lMiXPNwB28RVPWsx8SenjXQCk8dUnD8dbLTOkDLM1-wb4miHY09BI2zQKrzG4-FTcrvL4S/s1600/IMGH_06421.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMUZoYL0zILflQBFMsex6vRnPTxc9VZVjOw0aRy94nbRSMy8BkqQZmcwa-6paTkkNuDvneM_lMiXPNwB28RVPWsx8SenjXQCk8dUnD8dbLTOkDLM1-wb4miHY09BI2zQKrzG4-FTcrvL4S/s1600/IMGH_06421.jpg" height="237" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwlqxbmNEhVeUiZLDlGV7BryQShT0lnFDpgb-UotccZCpDrpHIadZ4lx_QTM6-MBMSVDMxRpKkjnCl2bqfOVe7MWl0W7tY8JIkugx5yVaX2svquso4tulbWtSvHXqZRMzERHNk0biFgy8s/s1600/IMGH_06422.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwlqxbmNEhVeUiZLDlGV7BryQShT0lnFDpgb-UotccZCpDrpHIadZ4lx_QTM6-MBMSVDMxRpKkjnCl2bqfOVe7MWl0W7tY8JIkugx5yVaX2svquso4tulbWtSvHXqZRMzERHNk0biFgy8s/s1600/IMGH_06422.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8cwW2eWyUNIkYFBbKoJJsKgoBiwS_jnS0POMIdGxmnZEwR8uzl-7uug2Ku8DsenZ-l0UjWbGTzo8DxIyfGO7BAmKTV20oxgur1mK6q58u2QuFTfYCmbEqCoUH4fWn-xDIxjRy5W3BD59C/s1600/IMGH_06426.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8cwW2eWyUNIkYFBbKoJJsKgoBiwS_jnS0POMIdGxmnZEwR8uzl-7uug2Ku8DsenZ-l0UjWbGTzo8DxIyfGO7BAmKTV20oxgur1mK6q58u2QuFTfYCmbEqCoUH4fWn-xDIxjRy5W3BD59C/s1600/IMGH_06426.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDMc26aVdt0zVuZtlCpAQnUnBy5-yg8hbTPSer5fa3PGEzdCTbv7v4B5JShcb0kudxK4eNEXTLx1XH5USpfmaD_geEyqvXtCk59cJHVU-YmIl5RA_Ul5R6bshrPrixMgmFjGEmSizdEQ6U/s1600/IMGH_06423.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDMc26aVdt0zVuZtlCpAQnUnBy5-yg8hbTPSer5fa3PGEzdCTbv7v4B5JShcb0kudxK4eNEXTLx1XH5USpfmaD_geEyqvXtCk59cJHVU-YmIl5RA_Ul5R6bshrPrixMgmFjGEmSizdEQ6U/s1600/IMGH_06423.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5GpFdGpWTCLmlIiitGdQq0cBzsKE75RuA-HqqpeEZk6l4vg6x-ZLCi0s5m-VBWm6MulywY3DXZo0ybRR1VuYsxplnk4CG_JrrENUu4_b5xOe-oeUWKmNVRyS3N7205WOSCONxMxqvt4HE/s1600/IMGH_06425.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5GpFdGpWTCLmlIiitGdQq0cBzsKE75RuA-HqqpeEZk6l4vg6x-ZLCi0s5m-VBWm6MulywY3DXZo0ybRR1VuYsxplnk4CG_JrrENUu4_b5xOe-oeUWKmNVRyS3N7205WOSCONxMxqvt4HE/s1600/IMGH_06425.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
</span></span><span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYiZBzcSav09JTADPReGvSPUUMNzJJe56XmWmQPHzyoMmDIPMhFWqICEYlaaQnfs_Di4pDUzFfLqQm4SOrySuxvlKzA1IuUjErAdwsFoBgCHYGtWA-T5xN5nkwmVcMAavqlHKuCmcZ2aGX/s1600/IMGH_06427.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYiZBzcSav09JTADPReGvSPUUMNzJJe56XmWmQPHzyoMmDIPMhFWqICEYlaaQnfs_Di4pDUzFfLqQm4SOrySuxvlKzA1IuUjErAdwsFoBgCHYGtWA-T5xN5nkwmVcMAavqlHKuCmcZ2aGX/s1600/IMGH_06427.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span><br />
<br />
</span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</span></h5>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBZd5xMgo7EveU10RylU5wpzqMEeweTT4BUzuheflmuBnEDQHLXYGVNiViP5coPi7n91iUoBBzEJop1sScPX7hHCTLmygwAOcmtJxf5DrKhjtfD7OhV_-VRr8G10_S3RDOJ01Ic8mVJqK/s1600/IMGH_06420.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></div>
<br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';">
</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglMfQ3S-UTw6Ovl7GYWcLGOtrvnE-UpnVXVEOUb8m6X_XLi1GOLCEP-j7rehJoqO38MmbQlhA3ACvmRSfTN1qWzB_5QRmeFem7NJSHWoxEUdjVbq5iNijDW44Ttt5a54ljdUxBGizpGi12/s1600/IMGH_06424.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglMfQ3S-UTw6Ovl7GYWcLGOtrvnE-UpnVXVEOUb8m6X_XLi1GOLCEP-j7rehJoqO38MmbQlhA3ACvmRSfTN1qWzB_5QRmeFem7NJSHWoxEUdjVbq5iNijDW44Ttt5a54ljdUxBGizpGi12/s1600/IMGH_06424.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><b>VCSI</b> technology saves energy in two ways:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> </b></span><br />
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>VCSI</b> system varies the compressor speed to match the additional load with the potential capacity. When the needs of a room expand - more people in a conference room or auditorium, or an increase in equipment in a server room-so do the needs to maintain consistent temperature levels. By allocating potential capacity to meet the changing demands, <b>VCSI</b> system uses only the energy needed in any given situation.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></div>
</span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMUZoYL0zILflQBFMsex6vRnPTxc9VZVjOw0aRy94nbRSMy8BkqQZmcwa-6paTkkNuDvneM_lMiXPNwB28RVPWsx8SenjXQCk8dUnD8dbLTOkDLM1-wb4miHY09BI2zQKrzG4-FTcrvL4S/s1600/IMGH_06421.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMUZoYL0zILflQBFMsex6vRnPTxc9VZVjOw0aRy94nbRSMy8BkqQZmcwa-6paTkkNuDvneM_lMiXPNwB28RVPWsx8SenjXQCk8dUnD8dbLTOkDLM1-wb4miHY09BI2zQKrzG4-FTcrvL4S/s1600/IMGH_06421.jpg" height="237" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>VCSI </b> system operates efficiently at partial load conditions. Once the desired temperature of the room is reached, the compressor slows down to maintain a constant temperature. By slightly adjusting compressor speed rather than shutting off and on again, energy consumption is kept at a minimum. This is because VCSI system is operating at partial load for maximum efficiency, thus no more excess energy use wasted for running maximum capacity unnecessary on a fixed speed system.An object is to provide an inverter device capable of realizing exact
protection of the winding of a motor. An inverter device for generating a
pseudo alternating current by switching a direct current to drive a
motor, comprises a controller that executes vector control on the basis
of a secondary current applied to the motor. The controller calculates a
current density from the secondary current to execute a predetermined
protection operation on the basis of the calculated current density. The
controller imposes a restriction on the operation frequency of the
motor on the basis of the current density. </span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-etkNpdCqMwlGC35uIhpJpwH5uISeTip7mYM0D5QR-RqsTRfmFXgNlyb3bdjC4FXTLslS1AsDXzFaH0Cpi_KKHFzdVofYoF_1udnDFgXxQVnWD6UMNVK5orWJjBYzASi63sgEXL5MVG_2/s1600/IMGH_06428.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-etkNpdCqMwlGC35uIhpJpwH5uISeTip7mYM0D5QR-RqsTRfmFXgNlyb3bdjC4FXTLslS1AsDXzFaH0Cpi_KKHFzdVofYoF_1udnDFgXxQVnWD6UMNVK5orWJjBYzASi63sgEXL5MVG_2/s1600/IMGH_06428.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Highly Efficient DC Scroll Compressor</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
The scroll compressor is equipped with a Frame Compliance
Mechanism that allows movement in the axial direction of the frame
supporting the cradle scroll. This reduces both leaking and friction
loss. allowing very high efficiency throughout the speed range.An air conditioner equipped with a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger
and an outdoor heat exchanger includes: an inverter circuit that drives a
motor of the compressor; an inverter-power detecting unit that detects
power of the inverter circuit; a PWM-signal generating unit that
inverter-current detecting unit generates PWM signals for controlling
the inverter circuit; a voltage-command-value generating unit that
outputs voltage command values to the PWM-signal generating unit; and an
accumulation detecting unit that detects accumulation of a liquid
refrigerant within the compressor and outputs to the
voltage-command-value generating unit, wherein when accumulation of a
liquid refrigerant within the compressor is detected, the
voltage-command-value generating unit outputs the voltage command value
so that power of the inverter circuit has a predetermined power value.<br />
According to a conventional air conditioner, when a refrigerating
cycle is stopped for a long period of time and a compressor is
maintained at a low temperature, a liquid refrigerant accumulates in a
compressor suction pipe-line, liquid compression occurs when the air
conditioner is activated, and thus a shaft torque becomes excessive.
This results in breakage of the compressor.<br />
To provide a
compressor driving device for an air conditioner that enables efficient
heating from inside of a compressor when the compressor itself is at a
low temperature, there has been known a compressor driving device for an
air conditioner that applies a fixed alternating-current voltage, which
cannot be followed by a movable part of the compressor and has a
frequency higher than that of the normal operation, to the compressor at
a regular time interval while the operation of the compressor is
stopped, and continuously applies a fixed alternating-current voltage to
the compressor when a current detecting unit detects a current value
higher than a predetermined set value at that time.In order to solve the aforementioned problems, an air conditioner
including a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor heat
exchanger according to one aspect of the present invention is configured
in such a manner as to include: an inverter circuit that drives a motor
of the compressor; an inverter-power detecting unit that detects power
of the inverter circuit; a PWM-signal generating unit that generates PWM
signals for controlling the inverter circuit; a voltage-command-value
generating unit that outputs voltage command values to the PWM-signal
generating unit; and an accumulation detecting unit that detects
accumulation of a liquid refrigerant within the compressor and outputs
to the voltage-command-value generating unit, wherein when accumulation
of a liquid refrigerant within the compressor is detected, the
voltage-command-value generating unit outputs the voltage command value
so that power of the inverter circuit has a predetermined power value.</div>
<br />
<b>Reluctance DC Rotor</b><br />
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
The rotor is equipped with powerful
neodymium magnets that use reluctance torque to produce magnetic torque
for more efficient operation.<br />
A neodymium magnet (also known as NdFeB, NIB or Neo magnet), the most widely used<br />
type of rare-earth magnet, is a permanent magnet made from an alloy of neodymium, iron and boron to form the Nd2Fe14B tetragonal crystalline structure. Developed in 1982 by General Motors and Sumitomo Special Metals, neodymium magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnet made.<br />
<br />
Rare earth magnets, made from alloys of rare earth elements, are substantially stronger than ceramic magnets or Alnico magnets. Adams offers them in block, ring or disc form, and in a variety of sizes and grades.<br />
<br />
The tetragonal Nd2Fe14B crystal structure has exceptionally high uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy (HA~7 teslas). This gives the compound the potential to have high coercivity (i.e., resistance to being demagnetized). The compound also has a high saturation magnetization (Js ~1.6 T or 16 kG) and typically 1.3 teslas. Therefore, as the maximum energy density is proportional to Js2, this magnetic phase has the potential for storing large amounts of magnetic energy (BHmax ~ 512 kJ/m3 or 64 MG·Oe), considerably more than samarium cobalt (SmCo) magnets, which were the first type of rare earth magnet to be commercialized. In practice, the magnetic properties of neodymium magnets depend on the alloy composition, microstructure, and manufacturing technique employed.<br />
<br />
Some important properties used to compare permanent magnets are: remanence (Br), which measures the strength of the magnetic field; coercivity (Hci), the material's resistance to becoming demagnetized; energy product (BHmax), the density of magnetic energy; and Curie temperature (TC), the temperature at which the material loses its<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-etkNpdCqMwlGC35uIhpJpwH5uISeTip7mYM0D5QR-RqsTRfmFXgNlyb3bdjC4FXTLslS1AsDXzFaH0Cpi_KKHFzdVofYoF_1udnDFgXxQVnWD6UMNVK5orWJjBYzASi63sgEXL5MVG_2/s1600/IMGH_06428.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-etkNpdCqMwlGC35uIhpJpwH5uISeTip7mYM0D5QR-RqsTRfmFXgNlyb3bdjC4FXTLslS1AsDXzFaH0Cpi_KKHFzdVofYoF_1udnDFgXxQVnWD6UMNVK5orWJjBYzASi63sgEXL5MVG_2/s1600/IMGH_06428.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></span><br />
magnetism. Neodymium magnets have higher remanence, much higher coercivity and energy product, but often lower Curie temperature than other types. Neodymium is alloyed with terbium and dysprosium in order to preserve its magnetic properties at high temperatures.<br />
<br />
Strong as these strong magnets are, there are situations where another type of magnet might be preferable. A Neodymium magnet, the most common type of strong (rare earth) magnet, requires extremely high magnetizing fields, as well as a protective coating for certain applications.<br />
<br />
Additionally, there are temperature constraints, and in all circumstances workers must always use caution when handling these magnets because of their exceptional magnetic force.<br />
<br />
Grades of Neodymium magnets N35-N52 33M-48M 30H-45H 30SH-42SH 30UH-35UH 28EH-35EH.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<b>Super-Quiet Technology Ultra-Silent Outdoor Unit</b></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
Inside the unit, the multi-angled
heat exchanger has a modified fin shape that reduces air resistance for a
smoother, quieter airflow. This lowers noise level to only
27dB(A) during normal operation for the new cassette units, making it
one of the quietest indoor units in the industry.</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b>
<span style="font-size: small;">MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC Mr.SLIM PKA-RP100KAL + MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC PUHZ-ZRP100VKA POWER INVERTER Technology Explained, </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><b>MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC PUHZ-ZRP100VKA </b></span></span><b><span style="font-size: small;">AIR-CONDITIONING APPARATUS with power receiver:</span></b></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzINWzcQYtbY7iF68dye9JjZD-d7UVVNHFKogDF-ezMwkEBs0lhBk5fkY6_d2ggDkte_SCJ3MZN2D3SI7KwOaNDU5dEIQHAwzhgNsw-ByZgg1Djq5J77Digz3EoFMzshaKliy3NxPufu7a/s1600/IMGH_06444.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzINWzcQYtbY7iF68dye9JjZD-d7UVVNHFKogDF-ezMwkEBs0lhBk5fkY6_d2ggDkte_SCJ3MZN2D3SI7KwOaNDU5dEIQHAwzhgNsw-ByZgg1Djq5J77Digz3EoFMzshaKliy3NxPufu7a/s1600/IMGH_06444.jpg" height="320" width="237" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b>In an air-conditioning apparatus equipped with an outdoor unit having
outdoor devices including a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a
flow switching valve that switches the flowing direction of the
refrigerant, an outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the
refrigerant and outdoor air, a first expansion valve that reduces the
pressure of the refrigerant, an excess-refrigerant container that
retains an excess refrigerant of the refrigerant, and a second expansion
valve that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant; and an indoor unit
having an indoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the
refrigerant and indoor air, the air-conditioning apparatus includes an
outdoor-heat-exchanger refrigerant injection port provided in a
refrigerant pipe that is directly connected to the outdoor heat
exchanger, and an excess-refrigerant-container refrigerant injection
port provided in a refrigerant pipe that is directly connected to the
excess-refrigerant container.</span></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx8Gxv7wPeLrg63ZN2sMcFkNDY73aKVmvvcqRf4xuQRm5b4DnR0bMtBzzdMmVKuwthYSY7UwmG-IatR21mB59aFdbWYQzv9EeQf42_W12PVtVeqTfbQmyhsa5QsoZL5Dfms7iC46ccLA8U/s1600/IMGH_06437.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx8Gxv7wPeLrg63ZN2sMcFkNDY73aKVmvvcqRf4xuQRm5b4DnR0bMtBzzdMmVKuwthYSY7UwmG-IatR21mB59aFdbWYQzv9EeQf42_W12PVtVeqTfbQmyhsa5QsoZL5Dfms7iC46ccLA8U/s1600/IMGH_06437.jpg" height="320" width="238" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
1. An air-conditioning apparatus comprising: an outdoor unit having
outdoor devices including a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a
flow switching valve that switches a flowing direction of the
refrigerant, an outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the
refrigerant and outdoor air, a first expansion valve that reduces
pressure of the refrigerant, an excess-refrigerant container that
retains an excess refrigerant of the refrigerant, and a second expansion
valve that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant; and an indoor unit
having an indoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the
refrigerant and indoor air, wherein the outdoor devices and the indoor
heat exchanger are sequentially connected by refrigerant pipes so that a
refrigeration cycle is formed, wherein the air-conditioning apparatus
further comprises an outdoor-heat-exchanger refrigerant injection port
provided in the refrigerant pipe that is directly connected to the
outdoor heat exchanger, and an excess-refrigerant-container refrigerant
injection port provided in the refrigerant pipe that is directly
connected to the excess-refrigerant container.
<br clear="all" /><br clear="all" />
2. The air-conditioning</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the excess-refrigerant container refrigerant injection port is
provided in both or at least either one of the refrigerant pipe
extending between the first expansion valve and the excess-refrigerant
container and the refrigerant pipe extending between the second
expansion valve and the excess-refrigerant container.
<br clear="all" /><br clear="all" />
3. The air-conditioning apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the outdoor-heat-exchanger refrigerant injection port is
provided in both or at least either one of the refrigerant pipe
extending between the flow switching valve and the outdoor heat
exchanger and the refrigerant pipe extending between the first expansion
valve and the outdoor heat exchanger. <br clear="all" /><br clear="all" />
4. The air-conditioning apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the indoor unit comprises a plurality of indoor units.
<br clear="all" /><br clear="all" />
5. The air-conditioning apparatus of claim 1,
further comprising a heat exchanging unit that exchanges heat between
the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe connected to a
suction side of the compressor and the refrigerant retained in the
excess-refrigerant container, wherein the refrigerant to be suctioned
into the compressor is suctioned into the compressor after exchanging
heat with the refrigerant retained in the excess-refrigerant container
at the heat exchanging unit. <br clear="all" /><br clear="all" />
6. The air-conditioning apparatus of claim 2,
wherein the outdoor-heat-exchanger refrigerant injection port is
provided in both or at least either one of the refrigerant pipe
extending between the flow switching valve and the outdoor heat
exchanger and the refrigerant pipe extending between the first expansion
valve and the outdoor heat exchanger. <br clear="all" /><br clear="all" />
7. The air-conditioning apparatus of claim 2,
further comprising a heat exchanging unit that exchanges heat between
the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe connected to a
suction side of the compressor and the refrigerant retained in the
excess-refrigerant container, wherein the refrigerant to be suctioned
into the compressor is suctioned into the compressor after exchanging
heat with the refrigerant retained in the excess-refrigerant container
at the heat exchanging unit. <br clear="all" /><br clear="all" />
8. The air-conditioning apparatus of claim 3,
further comprising a heat exchanging unit that exchanges heat between
the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe connected to a
suction side of the compressor and the refrigerant retained in the
excess-refrigerant container, wherein the refrigerant to be suctioned
into the compressor is suctioned into the compressor after exchanging
heat with the refrigerant retained in the excess-refrigerant container
at the heat exchanging unit. <br clear="all" /><br clear="all" />
9. The air-conditioning apparatus of claim 4,
further comprising a heat exchanging unit that exchanges heat between
the refrigerant flowing through the r</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzINWzcQYtbY7iF68dye9JjZD-d7UVVNHFKogDF-ezMwkEBs0lhBk5fkY6_d2ggDkte_SCJ3MZN2D3SI7KwOaNDU5dEIQHAwzhgNsw-ByZgg1Djq5J77Digz3EoFMzshaKliy3NxPufu7a/s1600/IMGH_06444.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzINWzcQYtbY7iF68dye9JjZD-d7UVVNHFKogDF-ezMwkEBs0lhBk5fkY6_d2ggDkte_SCJ3MZN2D3SI7KwOaNDU5dEIQHAwzhgNsw-ByZgg1Djq5J77Digz3EoFMzshaKliy3NxPufu7a/s1600/IMGH_06444.jpg" height="320" width="237" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">efrigerant pipe connected to a
suction side of the compressor and the refrigerant retained in the
excess-refrigerant container, wherein the refrigerant to be suctioned
into the compressor is suctioned into the compressor after exchanging
heat with the refrigerant retained in the excess-refrigerant container
at the heat exchanging unit. <br clear="all" /><br clear="all" />
10. The air-conditioning apparatus of claim 6,
further comprising a heat exchanging unit that exchanges heat between
the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe connected to a
suction side of the compressor and the refrigerant retained in the
excess-refrigerant container, wherein the refrigerant to be suctioned
into the compressor is suctioned into the compressor after exchanging
heat with the refrigerant retained in the excess-refrigerant container
at the heat exchanging unit. </span>
</div>
<div class="disp_elm_title">
<span style="font-size: small;">Description:</span></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">TECHNICAL FIELD</span></h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">The present invention relates
to air-conditioning apparatuses, and in particular, relates to a
configuration for injecting a refrigerant into a refrigerant circuit of
an air-conditioning apparatus.</span><br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">BACKGROUND ART</span></h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">A common
air-conditioning apparatus is equipp</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzINWzcQYtbY7iF68dye9JjZD-d7UVVNHFKogDF-ezMwkEBs0lhBk5fkY6_d2ggDkte_SCJ3MZN2D3SI7KwOaNDU5dEIQHAwzhgNsw-ByZgg1Djq5J77Digz3EoFMzshaKliy3NxPufu7a/s1600/IMGH_06444.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzINWzcQYtbY7iF68dye9JjZD-d7UVVNHFKogDF-ezMwkEBs0lhBk5fkY6_d2ggDkte_SCJ3MZN2D3SI7KwOaNDU5dEIQHAwzhgNsw-ByZgg1Djq5J77Digz3EoFMzshaKliy3NxPufu7a/s1600/IMGH_06444.jpg" height="320" width="237" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">ed with an outdoor unit having a
compressor, a four-way valve serving as flow switching means for
switching the flowing direction of a refrigerant, an outdoor heat
exchanger and a pressure-reducing capillary tube connected to an outlet
of the outdoor heat exchanger, and an electronic expansion valve that
further reduces the pressure of the refrigerant after having passed
through the capillary tube; and an indoor unit having an indoor heat
exchanger. The aforementioned devices contained in the outdoor unit and
the indoor unit are sequentially connected by refrigerant pipes in the
form of a circuit, and the refrigerant circulates through the
refrigerant circuit, whereby a refrigeration cycle is formed. When the
indoor heat exchanger operates as an evaporator and the outdoor heat
exchanger operates as a condenser, indoor cooling is achieved. On the
other hand, when the indoor heat exchanger operates as a condenser and
the outdoor heat exchanger operates as an evaporator, indoor heating is
achieved. The four-way valve provided at the discharge side of the
compressor switches the flowing direction of the refrigerant so that the
refrigerant discharged from the compressor is condensed by the indoor
heat exchanger or the outdoor heat exchanger. Fans are disposed near the
indoor heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger and send indoor
air and outdoor air thereto, respectively.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In recent years,
outdoor units that can be used in various ways and can be connected to
various types of indoor units in accordance with users' demands are in
demand. In this case, since the capacity of and the amount of air for
the indoor heat exchanger vary depending on the type of indoor unit, the
amount of refrigerant for allowing the refrigeration cycle to exhibit
maximum performance would also vary. In order to properly adjust the
amount of refrigerant circulating through the refrigerant circuit, an
excess-refrigerant container is provided in the refrigerant circuit for
retaining an excess refrigerant. A receiver serving as this
excess-refrigerant container is often disposed in a suction pipe of the
compressor or at a position where a liquid refrigerant exists, such as a
position between an outlet of the condenser and an inlet of the
evaporator.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqOvGe7wUo6FHwA46108F-EzXC8ag4r1oKogOj58HaSbgX5TwEc7QMigJ0lyLpOnUl5vpaTeZe4wW17C3lWhlWJnWKZT3dl2FcveJnFjP72K8w1uwEwMwGlptz04OxAi-jNtLjQ3suGToe/s1600/IMGH_06438.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqOvGe7wUo6FHwA46108F-EzXC8ag4r1oKogOj58HaSbgX5TwEc7QMigJ0lyLpOnUl5vpaTeZe4wW17C3lWhlWJnWKZT3dl2FcveJnFjP72K8w1uwEwMwGlptz04OxAi-jNtLjQ3suGToe/s1600/IMGH_06438.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">In the air-conditioning apparatus having such a
configuration, if a large amount of refrigerant that covers the entire
refrigerant circuit is to be injected into the refrigerant circuit
during production or maintenance of the air-conditioning apparatus, the
refrigerant is injected from a refrigerant injection port provided in
the refrigerant circuit. In particular, a configuration is disclosed in
which the refrigerant is injected into the refrigerant circuit from a
refrigerant injection port provided in the suction pipe of the
compressor, an inlet pipe of a heat exchanger, or an outlet pipe of the
heat exchanger (e.g., see Patent Literature 1).</span><br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">CITATION LIST</span></h1>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">Patent Literature</span></h1>
<ul id="ul0001">
<li id="ul0001-0001"><span style="font-size: small;">Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 5-312439 (paragraph 0025, FIG. 5)</span></li>
</ul>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">SUMMARY OF INVENTION</span></h1>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">Technical Problem</span></h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">Among
the devices constituting the refrigerant circuit of the
air-conditioning apparatus, the refrigerant is retained mainly in the
compressor, the heat exchanger, and the excess-refrigerant container.
Therefore, upon injection of the refrigerant into the refrigerant
circuit, it is necessary to inject the refrigerant so that the
refrigerant flows into the devices in which a large amount of
refri</span><br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></h5>
<span style="font-size: small;">gerant is to be retained. In the apparatus in the conventional art,
the refrigerant is injected from a certain location of the refrigerant
circuit, such as from the refrigerant injection port provided in the
suction pipe of the compressor, the inlet pipe of the heat exchanger, or
the outlet pipe of the heat exchanger. Even if the refrigerant is
injected from the refrigerant injection port provided at any of these
locations, the electronic expansion valve, the capillary tube, and the
like that are provided for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant in
the refrigerant circuit act as pressure-reducing members, making it
impossible to reliably inject the refrigerant into the aforementioned
devices, in which the refrigerant is to be mainly retained, in a
well-balanced manner within a short period of time. Specifically, it
takes time for the refrigerant to pass through the pressure-reducing
members, thus requiring a long time for the refrigerant injection
process. In addition, the pressure-reducing members act as resistance
that causes the refrigerant to be injected lopsidedly to a specific
device, which is a problem in that a liquid-sealed state may possibly
occur. When this liquid-sealed state occurs, a liquid refrigerant
expands in response to a temperature change, sometimes causing an
abnormal increase in internal pressure.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Furthermore, with regard
to a separate-type air-conditioning apparatus in which the indoor unit
installed indoors and the outdoor unit installed outdoors are separated
from each other, there is a problem in that, when an amount of
refrigerant required in the entire refrigerant circuit is to be injected
into the outdoor unit, an optimal position for a refrigerant injection
port for reliably injecting the refrigerant in a well-balanced manner is
not clearly defined.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The present invention has been made to solve
the aforementioned problems and an object thereof is to provide an
air-conditioning apparatus in which an amount of refrigerant required in
a refrigerant circuit is </span><span style="font-size: small;">reliably injected into the refrigerant circuit
in a well-balanced manner within a short period of time at an
outdoor-unit side so that the occurrence of a liquid-sealed state can be
prevented.</span><br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">Solution to Problem</span></h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">An air-conditioning
apparatus according to the present invention includes an outdoor unit
having outdoor devices including a compressor that compresses a
refrigerant, a flow switching valve that switches a flowing direction of
the refrigerant, an outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between
the refrigerant and outdoor air, a first expansion valve that reduces
pressure of the refrigerant, an excess-refrigerant container that
retains an excess refrigerant of the refrigerant, and a second expansion
valve that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant; and an indoor unit
having an indoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the
refrigerant and indoor air. The outdoor devices and the indoor heat
exchanger are sequentially connected by refrigerant pipes so that a
refrigeration cycle is formed. The air-conditioning apparatus further
includes an outdoor-heat-exchanger refrigerant injection port provided
in the refrigerant pipe that is directly connected to the outdoor heat
exchanger, and an excess-refrigerant-container refrigerant injection
port provided in the refrigerant pipe that is directly connected to the
excess-refrigerant container.</span><br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">Advantageous Effects of Invention</span></h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">In
the air-conditioning apparatus according to the present invention, the
refrigerant is injected into the outdoor heat exchanger from the
outdoor-heat-exchanger refrigerant injection port, and the refrigerant
is injected into the excess-refrigerant container from the
excess-refrigerant-container refrigerant injection port, so that the
refrigerant is injected into the outdoor heat exchanger and the
excess-refrigerant container, which have large capacities, without the
refrigerant being retained lopsidedly in one device in the refrigerant
circuit. Thus, an amount of refrigerant required in the refrigerant
circuit can be reliably injected thereto in a well-balanced manner
within a short period of time, whereby a safe air-conditioning apparatus
that prevents the occurrence of a liquid-sealed state is obtained.</span><br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS</span></h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG.
1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit of an
air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present
invention.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG. 2 is a pressure-versus-specific-enthalpy graph of a refrigeration cycle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG. 3 includes schematic diagrams illustrating refrigerant injection ports according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG.
4 is a schematic diagram illustrating another exemplary configuration
of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the
present invention.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating
another exemplary configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus
according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG. 6 is a
schematic diagram illustrating another exemplary configuration of the
air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present
invention.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a
refrigerant circuit of an air-conditioning apparatus according to
Embodiment 2 of the present invention.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG. 8 is a schematic
diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit of an air-conditioning
apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG. 9 is a pressure-versus-specific-enthalpy graph of a refrigeration cycle according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.</span><br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS</span></h1>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">Embodiment 1</span></h1>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMmBkDPukmz9HbwBQ7qASsBIc7R7EfH_FGLwfc1vLvYohUFzDpc8IwMPh8LdqGmwGSYE7cX_hwjK-vHFE13sAjSFnVqMRzXdgrZnsEvxaBfRbBdm18wAh-pOQKfLVVYflgId8x5p6IvUI/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-1__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMmBkDPukmz9HbwBQ7qASsBIc7R7EfH_FGLwfc1vLvYohUFzDpc8IwMPh8LdqGmwGSYE7cX_hwjK-vHFE13sAjSFnVqMRzXdgrZnsEvxaBfRbBdm18wAh-pOQKfLVVYflgId8x5p6IvUI/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-1__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG.
1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit of an
air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present
invention. This air-conditioning apparatus has an outdoor unit <b>1</b> and an indoor unit <b>8</b>. The outdoor unit <b>1</b> contains outdoor devices, which include a compressor <b>2</b> that compresses a refrigerant; a four-way valve <b>3</b> serving as a flow switching valve that switches the flowing direction of the refrigerant; an outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and outdoor air; a pressure-reducing capillary tube <b>5</b> connected to an outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>; a first expansion valve <b>11</b> and a second expansion valve <b>13</b>, in this case, a first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b> and a second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b>
serving as electronic pressure-reducing means, which further reduce the
pressure of the refrigerant reduced in pressure by the capillary tube <b>5</b>; and an intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> provided between the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b> and the second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b> and serving as an excess-refrigerant container that retains an excess refrigerant. The indoor unit <b>8</b> contains an indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b> that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and indoor air. The outdoor devices (i.e., the compressor <b>2</b>, the four-way valve <b>3</b>, the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>, the capillary tube <b>5</b>, the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b>, the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>, and the second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b>) constituting the outdoor unit <b>1</b> and the indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b>
are sequentially connected by refrigerant pipes. These refrigerant
pipes are filled with, for example, R410A, which is an HFC-based
refrigerant, so that a refrigeration cycle is formed. Furthermore, an
outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> serving as an outdoor-heat-exchanger refrigerant injection port is provided between the four-way v</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYiZBzcSav09JTADPReGvSPUUMNzJJe56XmWmQPHzyoMmDIPMhFWqICEYlaaQnfs_Di4pDUzFfLqQm4SOrySuxvlKzA1IuUjErAdwsFoBgCHYGtWA-T5xN5nkwmVcMAavqlHKuCmcZ2aGX/s1600/IMGH_06427.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYiZBzcSav09JTADPReGvSPUUMNzJJe56XmWmQPHzyoMmDIPMhFWqICEYlaaQnfs_Di4pDUzFfLqQm4SOrySuxvlKzA1IuUjErAdwsFoBgCHYGtWA-T5xN5nkwmVcMAavqlHKuCmcZ2aGX/s1600/IMGH_06427.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">alve <b>3</b> and the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>, and a receiver charge port <b>15</b> serving as an excess-refrigerant-container refrigerant injection port is provided between the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> and the second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b>. The refrigerant is injected into the refrigerant circuit via the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> and the receiver charge port <b>15</b>. Fans <b>7</b> and <b>10</b> are provided near the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b> and send outdoor air and indoor air to the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b>, respectively, so as to make the refrigerant and the air exchange heat with each other at the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b>.
In the drawing, arrows denote the circulating direction of the
refrigerant. Specifically, solid-line arrows correspond to the case
where an indoor cooling operation is performed, whereas dotted-line
arrows correspond to the case where an indoor heating operation is
performed. When this air-conditioning apparatus is performing a cooling
operation or a heating operation, the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port
<b>14</b> and the receiver charge port <b>15</b> are closed and are not involved with the operation of the refrigeration cycle.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8QxiEerolmO-47W6Z4iYlsRKsOzOfSWQIL9mhjyNsXlzviogrZ-xdFIsOozNg3Qj1GgH9t_1qqOF4j-bYRuVop7QYUZCp8Fc6o-gCU_ot_L59XavJ_P_1Gk1Jto5ycmpHBl1kh3rvnhA/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-2__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8QxiEerolmO-47W6Z4iYlsRKsOzOfSWQIL9mhjyNsXlzviogrZ-xdFIsOozNg3Qj1GgH9t_1qqOF4j-bYRuVop7QYUZCp8Fc6o-gCU_ot_L59XavJ_P_1Gk1Jto5ycmpHBl1kh3rvnhA/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-2__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG.
2 is a pressure-versus-specific-enthalpy graph of the refrigeration
cycle according to Embodiment 1. The following description based on
FIGS. 1 and 2 relates to the refrigeration cycle in the case where the
air-conditioning apparatus is in operation. In FIG. 2, the abscissa axis
denotes the specific enthalpy, whereas the ordinate axis denotes the
pressure. In the case where an indoor cooling operation is performed,
black dots (A, B, C, D, and E) indicate the state of the refrigerant at
positions denoted by black dots (A, B, C, D, and E), respectively, in
FIG. 1. In the case where a heating operation is performed, black dots
(a, b, c, d, and e) indicate the state of the refrigerant at positions
denoted by black dots (a, b, c, d, and e), respectively, in FIG. 1.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBZd5xMgo7EveU10RylU5wpzqMEeweTT4BUzuheflmuBnEDQHLXYGVNiViP5coPi7n91iUoBBzEJop1sScPX7hHCTLmygwAOcmtJxf5DrKhjtfD7OhV_-VRr8G10_S3RDOJ01Ic8mVJqK/s1600/IMGH_06420.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBZd5xMgo7EveU10RylU5wpzqMEeweTT4BUzuheflmuBnEDQHLXYGVNiViP5coPi7n91iUoBBzEJop1sScPX7hHCTLmygwAOcmtJxf5DrKhjtfD7OhV_-VRr8G10_S3RDOJ01Ic8mVJqK/s1600/IMGH_06420.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">The cooling operation will be described below. The indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b> contained in the indoor unit <b>8</b> operates as an evaporator, and the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> contained in the outdoor unit <b>1</b> operates as a condenser. A low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant (A) is suctioned into the compressor <b>2</b>
and is discharged therefrom as a high-temperature high-pressure gas
refrigerant (B). Subsequently, the high-temperature high-pressure gas
refrigerant (B) travels through the four-way valve <b>3</b> and transfers heat to outdoor air sent by the fan <b>7</b> by exchanging heat with the outdoor air at the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>
serving as a condenser, so that the temperature of the refrigerant
itself decreases. Then, the refrigerant is slightly reduced in pressure
(C) by the capillary tube <b>5</b> disposed at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>, and is further reduced in pressure by the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b>,
thereby becoming an intermediate-temperature intermediate-pressure
two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant (D). This intermediate-temperature
intermediate-pressure refrigerant (D) flows into the
intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>, and a portion of the
refrigerant is retained therein in accordance with the opening degree of
the second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b>, whereas the remaining portion of the refrigerant flows out from the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> and is reduced in pressure by the second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b> so as to become a low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant (E), which then circulates from the outdoor unit <b>1</b> to the indoor unit <b>8</b>. In the indoor unit <b>8</b>, the </span><span style="font-size: small;">refrigerant removes heat from indoor air sent by the fan <b>10</b> by exchanging heat with the indoor air at the indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b>
operating as an evaporator, whereby indoor cooling is performed at this
point. The refrigerant flowing out from the indoor unit <b>8</b> flows into the outdoor unit <b>1</b> again, travels through the four-way valve <b>3</b>, and is suctioned into the compressor <b>2</b> again as a low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant (A). The above-described series of cycle is repeated.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In the case of the heating operation, the four-way valve <b>3</b> is switched so that the refrigerant flows through a circuit denoted by dotted lines in the four-way valve <b>3</b>. The refrigerant discharged from the compressor <b>2</b> travels through the four-way valve </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><b>3</b> so as to flow to the indoor unit <b>8</b>. The indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b> operates as a condenser, whereas the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>
operates as an evaporator. Specifically, the refrigerant circulates
through the refrigerant circuit in a direction inverse to that in the
cooling operation so that indoor heating is performed. The changes in
the state of the refrigeration cycle are the same as those in the
cooling operation. In the indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b>, the
refrigerant transfers heat to indoor air so that the state of the
refrigerant changes from (b) to (c). Subsequently, the refrigerant is
reduced to intermediate pressure by the second electronic expansion
valve <b>13</b>, and an intermediate-temperature intermediate-pressure refrigerant (d) is retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>. The refrigerant flowing out from the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> is reduced to a low pressure (e) by the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b> and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> via the capillary tube <b>5</b>.
Then, after exchanging heat with outdoor air, the refrigerant becomes a
low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant (a), which is then suctioned
into the compressor <b>2</b>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The volume and the operational state of the indoor unit <b>8</b>
vary depending on, for example, users' environment. Therefore, a
configuration that allows not only a predetermined indoor unit but also
an indoor unit with a different volume or a different number of indoor
units to be connectable to a single outdoor unit is demanded. In that
case, since the capacity of and the amount of air for the indoor heat
exchanger vary from indoor unit to indoor unit, the amount of
refrigerant required for allowing the refrigeration cycle to exhibit
maximum performance would also vary. In addition, the amount of required
refrigerant differs between the heating operation and the cooling
operation. In Embodiment 1, in order to properly adjust the amount of
refrigerant circulating through the refrigerant circuit, the
intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> is provided as an excess-refrigerant container, and this intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> is configured to retain an excess refrigerant in an intermediate-temperature intermediate-pressure state during operation.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In
the refrigeration cycle, the condensing temperature and the evaporating
temperature of the refrigerant will respectively be referred to as
“high temperature” and “low temperature”, and the condensing pressure
and the evaporating pressure of the refrigerant will respectively be
referred to as “high pressure” and “low pressure”. An intermediate
temperature is a temperature that is lower than the condensing
temperature of the refrigerant but higher than the evaporating
temperature, and an intermediate pressure is a pressure that is lower
than the condensing pressure of the refrigerant but higher than the
evaporating pressure. Specifically, the temperature and the pressure of
the refrigerant retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> vary depending on the refrigerant circulating through the refrigerant circuit.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> is provided at a position that is located between the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the indoor uni</span><br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglMfQ3S-UTw6Ovl7GYWcLGOtrvnE-UpnVXVEOUb8m6X_XLi1GOLCEP-j7rehJoqO38MmbQlhA3ACvmRSfTN1qWzB_5QRmeFem7NJSHWoxEUdjVbq5iNijDW44Ttt5a54ljdUxBGizpGi12/s1600/IMGH_06424.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglMfQ3S-UTw6Ovl7GYWcLGOtrvnE-UpnVXVEOUb8m6X_XLi1GOLCEP-j7rehJoqO38MmbQlhA3ACvmRSfTN1qWzB_5QRmeFem7NJSHWoxEUdjVbq5iNijDW44Ttt5a54ljdUxBGizpGi12/s1600/IMGH_06424.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></span></h5>
<span style="font-size: small;">t <b>8</b>
and where an intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant exists. In
detail, a refrigerant flowing out from a heat exchanger operating as a
condenser is reduced in pressure in two stages by at least two
pressure-reducing means, that is, the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b> and the second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b>,
and an intermediate-temperature intermediate-pressure refrigerant after
being reduced in pressure by the upstream-side pressure-reducing means
(i.e., the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b> during cooling or the second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b> during heating) is retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>. Specifically, by disposing the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b> and the second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b> in front of and behind the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>, the intermediate-temperature intermediate-pressure refrigerant can be retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>
even if the circulating direction of the refrigerant flowing through
the refrigerant pipes is reversed between the cooling operation and the
heating operation.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">With the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> provided between the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b> and the second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b>, the electronic expansion valve located upstream of the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> in the circulating direction of the refrigerant (i.e., the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b> during cooling or the second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b>
during heating) reduces the pressure of a high-pressure refrigerant to
an intermediate pressure. Furthermore, the opening degree of the
electronic expansion valve located downstream of the
intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> in the circulating direction of the refrigerant (i.e., the second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b> during cooling or the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b>
during heating) is adjusted so that the intermediate-pressure
refrigerant is reduced to a low pressure and the amount of liquid
refrigerant retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> is
optimized. For example, when a container that retains an excess
refrigerant is installed at a position where a high-temperature
refrigerant may possibly flow into the container, it is desired that the
container have high resistance to pressure. In Embodiment 1, since an
intermediate-temperature intermediate pressure refrigerant (D or d)
reduced in pressure by an electronic expansion valve provided upstream
of the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> is retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>, a refrigerant reduced in pressure to some extent is made to flow into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>.
This allows for improved reliability without requiring the pressure
resistance as in the configuration that retains a high-pressure
refrigerant.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The following description relates to a </span><br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDMc26aVdt0zVuZtlCpAQnUnBy5-yg8hbTPSer5fa3PGEzdCTbv7v4B5JShcb0kudxK4eNEXTLx1XH5USpfmaD_geEyqvXtCk59cJHVU-YmIl5RA_Ul5R6bshrPrixMgmFjGEmSizdEQ6U/s1600/IMGH_06423.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDMc26aVdt0zVuZtlCpAQnUnBy5-yg8hbTPSer5fa3PGEzdCTbv7v4B5JShcb0kudxK4eNEXTLx1XH5USpfmaD_geEyqvXtCk59cJHVU-YmIl5RA_Ul5R6bshrPrixMgmFjGEmSizdEQ6U/s1600/IMGH_06423.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></span></span></h5>
<span style="font-size: small;">case where a
refrigerant is injected into the refrigerant circuit of the
air-conditioning apparatus during production thereof. In view of the
volumes (capacities) of the devices constituting the air-conditioning
apparatus, the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> normally has the largest volume, the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> has the second largest volume, and then the indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b> and the compressor <b>2</b> and so on. For example, the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> has a volume of about 5000 cc, the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> has a volume of about 3000 cc, the indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b> has a volume of about 500 to 1000 cc, and the compressor <b>2</b> has a volume of about 500 cc. In particular, in a separate-type air-conditioning apparatus in which the indoor unit <b>8</b> and the outdoor unit <b>1</b> are separated from each other, a refrigerant is injected into the outdoor unit <b>1</b> in advance at a factory, etc. At an installation location, operation is performed after connecting the indoor unit <b>8</b> to the refrigerant pipes of the outdoor unit <b>1</b>.
This allows for a safe and easy process in view of assembly and
installation. Therefore, upon injection of a refrigerant into the
outdoor unit <b>1</b>, a large amount of refrigerant that can cover the
entire refrigerant circuit is injected, meaning that a sufficient amount
of refrigerant that at least fills the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>
having large capacities needs to be reliably injected. In addition, the
refrigerant needs to be injected in a well-balanced manner in
accordance with the capacities of the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_lGtZ1phOAar-ETvM-V-_qkjTawgWIUFP5dl2j8TwXKf2BaOiVI2vNQybiou6GHqJMuIyXNnusgNVBXSXL6fwQ0pD7ReN_WbvCVQB6ZkTVJXwJRv4RGhhGZUL8iSzN1alOPXpBYyKErM/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-3__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_lGtZ1phOAar-ETvM-V-_qkjTawgWIUFP5dl2j8TwXKf2BaOiVI2vNQybiou6GHqJMuIyXNnusgNVBXSXL6fwQ0pD7ReN_WbvCVQB6ZkTVJXwJRv4RGhhGZUL8iSzN1alOPXpBYyKErM/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-3__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG. 3 includes schematic diagrams illustrating an example of the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> serving as an outdoor-heat-exchanger refrigerant injection port and the receiver charge port <b>15</b>
serving as an intermediate-receiver refrigerant injection port, which
are used for injecting a refrigerant into the refrigerant circuit. FIG.
3(<i>a</i>) illustrates the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> provided in a refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>a </i>that is directly connected to the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>. To the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>a </i>is connected a branch pipe <b>17</b> whose one end is connected to a valve <b>18</b> having an opening-and-closing function. The valve <b>18</b> is opened and is attached to, for example, a refrigerant pipe <b>19</b>
or a refrigerant hose (denoted by a dotted line) connected to a
refrigerant container (not shown) so that the refrigerant in the
refrigerant container is injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> from the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>a </i>via the refrigerant pipe <b>19</b>, the valve <b>18</b>, and the branch pipe <b>17</b>. After injecting the refrigerant, the valve <b>18</b> is closed.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The refrigerant pipe directly connected to the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> is a refrigerant pipe that is connected to a pipe in the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>
without any intervening devices that are constituent of e the
refrigerant circuit, for example, pressure-reducing members such as the
capillary tube <b>5</b> and the electronic expansion valves <b>11</b> and <b>13</b>. The outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> only via the refrigerant pipe.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The receiver charge port <b>15</b> provided in a refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>b </i>that is directly connected to the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> has a similar configuration. In FIG. 3(<i>b</i>), a branch pipe <b>17</b> whose one end is connected to a valve <b>18</b> having an opening-and-closing function is connected to the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>b </i>directly connected to the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>. This valve <b>18</b> is opened and, for example, a refrigerant pipe <b>19</b> (denoted by a dotted line) connected to a refrigerant container (not shown) is attached to the valve <b>18</b> so that the refrigerant in the refrigerant container is injected into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> from the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>b </i>via the refrigerant pipe <b>19</b>, the valve <b>18</b>, and the branch pipe <b>17</b>. After injection of the refrigerant, the valve <b>18</b> is closed.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Similar to the above, the refrigerant pipe directly connected to the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> is a refrigerant pipe that is connected to a pipe in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>
without any intervening devices that are the constituents of the
refrigerant circuit, for example, pressure-reducing members such as the
capillary tube <b>5</b> and the electronic expansion valves <b>11</b> and <b>13</b>. The receiver charge port <b>15</b> is connected to the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> only via the refrigerant pipe.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In
a configuration provided with a single charge port in the entire
refrigerant circuit, as in the apparatus in the conventional art, for
example, if the refrigerant is to be injected into the refrigerant
circuit from the charge port <b>14</b> provided near the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>, the existence of the capillary tube <b>5</b> and the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b>
serving as pressure-reducing members creates resistance that makes it
difficult for the refrigerant to move and flow into the
intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>, causing most of the refrigerant to be retained in the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>. Because the upstream side and the downstream side of the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> are respectively connected to the electronic expansion valves <b>11</b> and <b>13</b>, it is difficult to inject the refrigerant into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> if the charge port is provided near the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>, or it is difficult to inject the refrigerant into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> if the charge port is provided near the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>. Although the refrigerant may gradually flow into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> or the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> by passing through the pressure-reducing members, the injection time is too long.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In contrast, in Embodiment 1, the refrigerant is reliably injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> from the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b>. Furthermore, since there are no pressure-reducing members between the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> and the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>,
the refrigerant is injected smoothly within a short period of time.
Likewise, the refrigerant is reliably injected into the
intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> from the receiver charge port <b>15</b>, and since there are no pressure-reducing members between the receiver charge port <b>15</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>,
the refrigerant is injected smoothly w</span><br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglMfQ3S-UTw6Ovl7GYWcLGOtrvnE-UpnVXVEOUb8m6X_XLi1GOLCEP-j7rehJoqO38MmbQlhA3ACvmRSfTN1qWzB_5QRmeFem7NJSHWoxEUdjVbq5iNijDW44Ttt5a54ljdUxBGizpGi12/s1600/IMGH_06424.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglMfQ3S-UTw6Ovl7GYWcLGOtrvnE-UpnVXVEOUb8m6X_XLi1GOLCEP-j7rehJoqO38MmbQlhA3ACvmRSfTN1qWzB_5QRmeFem7NJSHWoxEUdjVbq5iNijDW44Ttt5a54ljdUxBGizpGi12/s1600/IMGH_06424.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></span></h5>
<span style="font-size: small;">ithin a short period of time.
Accordingly, since an amount of refrigerant required in the refrigerant
circuit is distributively injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>,
the occurrence of a liquid-sealed state caused by the refrigerant being
injected lopsidedly to a specific device in the refrigerant circuit is
prevented, whereby the refrigerant is safely injected.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Furthermore, a required amount of refrigerant can be injected from the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> in accordance with the capacity of the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>. Likewise, a required amount of refrigerant can be injected from the receiver charge port <b>15</b> in accordance with the capacity of the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>.
Therefore, an amount of refrigerant required in the refrigerant circuit
can be distributively injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>
in a well-balanced manner. Accordingly, a required amount of
refrigerant can be injected in accordance with the different capacities
of the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> constituting the refrigerant circuit.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Either
of the refrigerant injection processes may precede the other. For
example, the refrigerant may be injected into the intermediate-pressure
receiver <b>12</b> from the receiver charge port <b>15</b> after the injection of the refrigerant into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> from the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b>. Alternatively, the refrigerant may be injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> from the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> after the injection of the refrigerant into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> from the receiver charge port <b>15</b>. Furthermore, injecting the refrigerant simultaneously into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> and the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> shortens the time required for the refrigerant injection process.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The configurations of the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> and the receiver charge port <b>15</b>
are not limited to those described above, and alternative
configurations are permissible. For example, if the refrigerant is to be
preliminarily injected into the refrigerant circuit during the
manufacturing process, the branch pipes may simply be connected to the
refrigerant pipes and be closed by, for example, brazing after the
refrigerant is injected through these branch pipes. In this case, if an
injection is necessary again, the injection process can be performed
again by cutting the brazed sections.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Accordingly, the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> is provided in the refrigerant pipe that is directly connected to the large-capacity outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> constituting the refrigerant circuit, and the receiver charge port <b>15</b> is provided in </span><br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwlqxbmNEhVeUiZLDlGV7BryQShT0lnFDpgb-UotccZCpDrpHIadZ4lx_QTM6-MBMSVDMxRpKkjnCl2bqfOVe7MWl0W7tY8JIkugx5yVaX2svquso4tulbWtSvHXqZRMzERHNk0biFgy8s/s1600/IMGH_06422.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwlqxbmNEhVeUiZLDlGV7BryQShT0lnFDpgb-UotccZCpDrpHIadZ4lx_QTM6-MBMSVDMxRpKkjnCl2bqfOVe7MWl0W7tY8JIkugx5yVaX2svquso4tulbWtSvHXqZRMzERHNk0biFgy8s/s1600/IMGH_06422.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></span></span></h5>
<span style="font-size: small;">the refrigerant pipe that is directly connected to the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>, so that the refrigerant can be reliably injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>,
thereby allowing for improved reliability of the refrigerant injection
process and also achieving a shorter injection time. In particular, an
amount of refrigerant required in the refrigerant circuit can be
injected thereto at the outdoor-unit side. Although the refrigerant
injection process performed during the manufacturing process is
described above, the present invention is not limited to this. For
example, even if there is a need to additionally inject the refrigerant
into the refrigerant circuit after installation, an amount of
refrigerant required in the refrigerant circuit can be injected from the
outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> and the receiver charge port <b>15</b>, whereby the refrigerant can be injected reliably in a well-balanced manner within a short period of time, advantageously.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">According to Embodiment 1, the air-conditioning apparatus includes the outdoor unit <b>1</b> having outdoor devices, which include the compressor <b>2</b> that compresses the refrigerant, the flow switching valve <b>3</b> that switches the flowing direction of the refrigerant, the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and outdoor air, the first expansion valve <b>11</b> that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant, the excess-refrigerant container <b>12</b> that retains an excess refrigerant of the refrigerant, and the second expansion valve <b>13</b> that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant; and the indoor unit <b>8</b> having the indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b> that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and indoor air. The outdoor devices and the indoor heat exchanger <b>9</b>
are sequentially connected by the refrigerant pipes so that a
refrigeration cycle is formed. The air-conditioning apparatus further
includes the outdoor-heat-exchanger refrigerant injection port <b>14</b> provided in the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>a </i>that is directly connected to the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>, and the excess-refrigerant-container refrigerant injection port <b>15</b> provided in the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>b </i>that is directly connected to the excess-refrigerant container <b>12</b>. Thus, the refrigerant can also be injected into the large-capacity excess-refrigerant container <b>12</b> in a well-balanced manner without a large amount of refrigerant being lopsidedly injected only into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>.
Consequently, an air-conditioning apparatus is provided in which an
amount of refrigerant required in the refrigerant circuit can be
reliably and safely injected thereto within a short period of time,
advantageously.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirBpwoapzKW-dOnRPizupnoGUzrQikrFh75qrYIY51AowQj-I5NjMa0GAsBM3opl3PDCx6BPldVuGn3nZFzVAr5j7Dqv1rIBz4vE0x0W7O4BaNGL-jMvArmQjXYUDCQ4uXpQMHIktaRPw/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-4__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirBpwoapzKW-dOnRPizupnoGUzrQikrFh75qrYIY51AowQj-I5NjMa0GAsBM3opl3PDCx6BPldVuGn3nZFzVAr5j7Dqv1rIBz4vE0x0W7O4BaNGL-jMvArmQjXYUDCQ4uXpQMHIktaRPw/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-4__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating another
exemplary configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus according to
the present invention. With regard to the position of the
outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port, in the configuration in FIG. 1, the
outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> is provided in the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>a </i>that serves as a refrigerant pipe directly connected to the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and that extends between the four-way valve <b>3</b> and the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>. In the exemplary configuration shown in FIG. 4, a capillary tube is not provided between the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b>, and an outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>20</b> is provided in a refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>d </i>extending between the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">This configuration is similar to that in FIG. 1 in that the refrigerant can be injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> from the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>20</b> and in that the refrigerant can be injected into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> from the receiver charge port <b>15</b>.
A required amount of refrigerant can be reliably injected in a
well-balanced manner without the refrigerant being lopsided to one of
the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>, which are large-capacity devices among the devices constituting the outdoor unit <b>1</b>, thereby allowing for improved reliability of the refrigerant injection process and also achieving a shorter injection time.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG.
5 is a schematic diagram illustrating another exemplary configuration
of the air-conditioning apparatus according to the present invention.
With regard to the position of the receiver charge port, in the
configurations in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, the receiver charge port <b>15</b> is provided in the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>b </i>that serves as a refrigerant pipe directly connected to the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> and that extends between the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> and the second electronic expansion valve <b>13</b>.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1SmRfoWkwmaQVGetMUdqXB3lOuQrPanANLid6rhC7nutAX_lMENAIGJGrCemd6WYA4pmCU_W_rvL-LC47yJLVeaJmDwolbI-VkNoCPLu7yY9qG5sfBvzr_q8nLK9sswVrAhh6u-vnb3M/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-5__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1SmRfoWkwmaQVGetMUdqXB3lOuQrPanANLid6rhC7nutAX_lMENAIGJGrCemd6WYA4pmCU_W_rvL-LC47yJLVeaJmDwolbI-VkNoCPLu7yY9qG5sfBvzr_q8nLK9sswVrAhh6u-vnb3M/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-5__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"> In the exemplary configuration shown in FIG. 5, a receiver charge port <b>21</b> is provided in a refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>c </i>extending between the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">This configuration is similar to that in FIG. 1 in that the refrigerant can be injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> from the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> and in that the refrigerant can be injected into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> from the receiver charge port <b>21</b>.
A required amount of refrigerant can be reliably injected in a
well-balanced manner without the refrigerant being lopsided to one of
the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>, which are large-capacity devices among the devices constituting the outdoor unit <b>1</b>, thereby allowing for improved reliability of the refrigerant injection process and also achieving a shorter injection time.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">By providing the receiver charge port <b>21</b> in the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>c </i>extending between the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> in the configuration in FIG. 4, a similar advantage can be achieved.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-QcHPTACxGxyDg881IJhpIhMUnURZCE4_wZI_gu1ppnE47aVAnMOF9YBOf4mXxTyCh4dbYLOd6FRfs6HwFxwcirQ99kOOr7NAUoAjWhicSj0nC1lxtNJPWTq8fKMBLjjsaqEY23q3ZeA/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-6__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-QcHPTACxGxyDg881IJhpIhMUnURZCE4_wZI_gu1ppnE47aVAnMOF9YBOf4mXxTyCh4dbYLOd6FRfs6HwFxwcirQ99kOOr7NAUoAjWhicSj0nC1lxtNJPWTq8fKMBLjjsaqEY23q3ZeA/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-6__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG.
6 is a schematic diagram illustrating another exemplary configuration
of the air-conditioning apparatus according to the present invention. In
this exemplary configuration, three charge ports <b>14</b>, <b>15</b>, and <b>21</b> are provided. Specifically, the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> is provided in the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>a </i>directly connected to the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>, the receiver charge port <b>15</b> is provided in one refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>b </i>directly connected to the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>, and the receiver charge port <b>21</b> is provided in the other refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>c </i>directly connected to the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>. The refrigerant is injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> from the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b>, and the refrigerant is injected into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> from the two receiver charge ports <b>15</b> and <b>21</b>. In this exemplary configuration, because the refrigerant can be injected into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> simultaneously from the two receiver charge ports <b>15</b> and <b>21</b>, the time required for the process of filling the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>
with the refrigerant can be shortened, whereby a sufficient amount of
refrigerant can be reliably injected into the refrigerant circuit.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Furthermore, in the case where the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the first electronic expansion valve <b>11</b> are connected by the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>d </i>as in </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJOYpz-A9BGY4LugWb7Cc9B5HOLafwu75vgCoeVxN-u9BVg8WC32miUA9awlUcJTvTQoCHVHSiGvsnxDktHzkx1rtiw8qsu9X-8c5TarxWBjHn_pgouzZAjUngktJdaPokx25k7LOkZkU/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-4__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJOYpz-A9BGY4LugWb7Cc9B5HOLafwu75vgCoeVxN-u9BVg8WC32miUA9awlUcJTvTQoCHVHSiGvsnxDktHzkx1rtiw8qsu9X-8c5TarxWBjHn_pgouzZAjUngktJdaPokx25k7LOkZkU/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-4__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG. 4, two outdoor-heat-exchanger charge ports <b>14</b> and <b>20</b> may be provided. By injection of the refrigerant into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> from the two outdoor-heat-exchanger charge ports <b>14</b> and <b>20</b>, the time required for the process of filling the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>
with the refrigerant can be shortened, whereby a sufficient amount of
refrigerant can be reliably injected into the refrigerant circuit.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">According to Embodiment 1, the excess-refrigerant-container refrigerant injection port <b>15</b> or <b>21</b> is provided for both or at least either one of the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>c</i>, extending between the first expansion valve <b>11</b> and the excess-refrigerant container <b>12</b>, and the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>b</i>, extending between the second expansion valve <b>13</b> and the excess-refrigerant container <b>12</b>,
whereby an air-conditioning apparatus is obtained in which a required
amount of refrigerant can be reliably injected into the
intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> within a short period of time, advantageously.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Furthermore, the outdoor-heat-exchanger refrigerant injection port <b>14</b> or <b>20</b> is provided for at least one of or each of the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>a </i>extending between the flow switching valve <b>3</b> and the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>d </i>extending between the first expansion valve <b>11</b> and the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>,
whereby an air-conditioning apparatus is obtained in which a required
amount of refrigerant can be reliably injected into the outdoor heat
exchanger <b>4</b> within a short period of time, advantageously.</span><br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">Embodiment 2</span></h1>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCZKSDksejgP5hV9-CK86kY0nuVm3xXP4XOE8E2JNsXU38MTFepxS0T_Hx9AuduQoURlLoBp6HEVv7K1DWE2it3TCbdnTUGPPl-K4H-UdgY4Csk-iwyYbYFTmK1uRwu9WE_KCaIAKMcAU/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-7__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCZKSDksejgP5hV9-CK86kY0nuVm3xXP4XOE8E2JNsXU38MTFepxS0T_Hx9AuduQoURlLoBp6HEVv7K1DWE2it3TCbdnTUGPPl-K4H-UdgY4Csk-iwyYbYFTmK1uRwu9WE_KCaIAKMcAU/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-7__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG.
7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit of an
air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present
invention. In the drawing, reference numerals or characters that are the
same as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or equivalent components. The
configuration of Embodiment 2 is one to which a plurality of, that is, n
(which is an integer greater than 1) number of indoor units <b>8</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>8</b>-<i>n </i>are connectable. In the configuration, branch sections <b>22</b><i>a </i>and <b>22</b><i>b </i>of the refrigerant circuit are provided in the outdoor unit <b>1</b>, and n number of second electronic expansion valves <b>13</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>13</b>-<i>n </i>that respectively correspond to the indoor units <b>8</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>8</b>-<i>n </i>are provided. In this case, the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> is provided in the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>a </i>that is directly connected to the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>, and the receiver charge port <b>15</b> is provided in the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>b </i>that is directly connected to the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>.
In the drawing, solid-line arrows denote the circulating direction of
the refrigerant when a cooling operation is performed by the indoor
units <b>8</b>, and dotted-line arrows denote the circulating direction
of the refrigerant when a heating operation is performed by the indoor
units <b>8</b>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In the case where the plurality of indoor units <b>8</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>8</b>-<i>n </i>are provided, indoor heat exchangers <b>9</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>9</b>-<i>n </i>provided therein are connected in parallel to the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>, and the refrigerant pipes are ramified into n number of refrigerant pipes at the branch sections <b>22</b><i>a </i>and <b>22</b><i>b</i>. The amount of refrigerant flowing through the indoor heat exchangers <b>9</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>9</b>-<i>n </i>is adjusted by the second electronic expansion valves <b>13</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>13</b>-<i>n </i>provided in the respective refrigerant pipes.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Because the configuration according to Embodiment </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8cwW2eWyUNIkYFBbKoJJsKgoBiwS_jnS0POMIdGxmnZEwR8uzl-7uug2Ku8DsenZ-l0UjWbGTzo8DxIyfGO7BAmKTV20oxgur1mK6q58u2QuFTfYCmbEqCoUH4fWn-xDIxjRy5W3BD59C/s1600/IMGH_06426.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8cwW2eWyUNIkYFBbKoJJsKgoBiwS_jnS0POMIdGxmnZEwR8uzl-7uug2Ku8DsenZ-l0UjWbGTzo8DxIyfGO7BAmKTV20oxgur1mK6q58u2QuFTfYCmbEqCoUH4fWn-xDIxjRy5W3BD59C/s1600/IMGH_06426.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">2 is provided with the plurality of indoor units <b>8</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>8</b>-<i>n</i>,
a larger amount of refrigerant is required in the refrigerant circuit
that achieves this configuration, as compared with that in Embodiment 1.
For example, if all of the indoor units <b>8</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>8</b>-<i>n </i>operate at the same time, the outdoor unit <b>1</b> would be constituted of an outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> with a large capacity in correspondence with the plurality of indoor heat exchangers <b>9</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>9</b>-<i>n </i>in
operation. Therefore, the amount of refrigerant required in the
refrigerant circuit is larger than that in the configuration provided
with a single indoor unit <b>8</b>, meaning that a large amount of
refrigerant is injected into the refrigerant circuit. However, there is
also a case where only one of the indoor units <b>8</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>8</b>-<i>n </i>operates.
In this case, the amount of refrigerant circulating through the
refrigerant circuit is small, resulting in a large amount of excess
refrigerant. For this reason, a large amount of excess refrigerant
becomes retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>, making it necessary for the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> to have a large capacity. Specifically, in the air-conditioning apparatus equipped with the plurality of indoor units <b>8</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>8</b>-<i>n</i>, the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs_i6L1mCo4cRuzvCmnCTUq62pkxaGQhn-sjSp8obOEiGzbxLvYgwtQ3NInS329LlCeALKf-79AD33-CTdq_E0FVX4EnOZWKKe3MsFgbeXAAeK_udDRsESkKziRELAG1sI1O2-g0dC_KY/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-1__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs_i6L1mCo4cRuzvCmnCTUq62pkxaGQhn-sjSp8obOEiGzbxLvYgwtQ3NInS329LlCeALKf-79AD33-CTdq_E0FVX4EnOZWKKe3MsFgbeXAAeK_udDRsESkKziRELAG1sI1O2-g0dC_KY/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-1__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> provided have larger capacities than those in the configuration in FIG. 1.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In the air-conditioning apparatus equipped with the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> that have large capacities, the refrigerant is injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> from the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> provided in the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>a </i>directly connected to the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>, and the refrigerant is injected into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> from the receiver charge port <b>15</b> provided in the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>b </i>directly connected to the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>. By injecting the refrigerant into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> constituting the outdoor unit <b>1</b>
in this manner, an amount of refrigerant required in the refrigerant
circuit can be reliably injected thereto in a well-balanced manner in
accordance with the capacities of the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>.
Therefore, because of absence of a liquid-sealed state being caused,
the safety of the refrigerant injection process can be ensured, the
reliability thereof can be improved, and a shorter refrigerant injection
time can be achieved. Furthermore, by injecting the refrigerant
simultaneously into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> and the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>, the refrigerant injection time can be further shortened.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Accordingly, with the plurality of indoor units <b>8</b>-<b>1</b> to <b>8</b>-<i>n </i>provided in Embodiment 2, an outdoor unit <b>1</b>
is obtained that can comply with various configurations, so that an
air-conditioning apparatus in which an amount of refrigerant required in
the refrigerant circuit can be reliably and safely injected thereto
within a short period of time at the outdoor-unit side, advantageously.</span><br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">Embodiment 3</span></h1>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgprwGyROM1VMz37S4hoxmjJDFvKg4faDW4ppFal-J6A8ZwDUXBg2arAkgJDRroem7At3tDEjQHJNiT19eilivJcxytYAZv6iMMTsKot4-5XtsL_o1qp_awuajXshThgGZsvwTgt7Kmyhs/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-8__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgprwGyROM1VMz37S4hoxmjJDFvKg4faDW4ppFal-J6A8ZwDUXBg2arAkgJDRroem7At3tDEjQHJNiT19eilivJcxytYAZv6iMMTsKot4-5XtsL_o1qp_awuajXshThgGZsvwTgt7Kmyhs/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-8__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">FIG.
8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit of an
air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present
invention. In the drawing, reference numerals or characters that are the
same as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or equivalent components. In
Embodiment 3, a heat exchanging unit <b>24</b> where the refrigerant flowing through a refrigerant pipe <b>23</b> (this refrigerant pipe <b>23</b> will be referred to as “suction pipe”) connected to the suction side of the compressor <b>2</b> exchanges heat with the refrigerant retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> serving as an excess-refrigerant container is provided. The heat exchanging unit <b>24</b> is configured such that the suction pipe <b>23</b> extends through the liquid refrigerant retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>. Although the refrigerant pipe in the heat exchanging unit <b>24</b> is indicated by a thick line in the drawing to provide an easier understanding of the heat exchanging unit <b>24</b>,
the refrigerant pipe may have a same or similar thickness or diameter
as the other refrigerant pipes in an actual configuration.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">A low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant in the suction pipe <b>23</b> is made to exchange heat with the excess refrigerant retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> by the heat exchanging unit <b>24</b>
so as to receive heat from the intermediate-temperature
intermediate-pressure excess refrigerant retained in the
intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>. Subsequently, the refrigerant is suctioned into the compressor <b>2</b>.
By receiving heat from the intermediate-temperature
intermediate-pressure excess refrigerant, the </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjglv2coB9HyszBnS93ikH1wE2vf24BbJePHN_LeAtNty7XAuaZXFBf_nQmz99vgeRFKa3XYdUEe3mizXAO3suamBE4x1JwRrh80yYIRya16jDnVjL3ygiapRmrO8zyGRt_Lwvzk1z1xaE/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-9__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjglv2coB9HyszBnS93ikH1wE2vf24BbJePHN_LeAtNty7XAuaZXFBf_nQmz99vgeRFKa3XYdUEe3mizXAO3suamBE4x1JwRrh80yYIRya16jDnVjL3ygiapRmrO8zyGRt_Lwvzk1z1xaE/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-9__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">refrigerant at the suction
side of the compressor <b>2</b> can be reliably turned into a gas state
as indicated by </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">AA shown in a pressure-versus-specific-enthalpy diagram
in FIG. 9. In other words, superheat (S) at the right side of a
saturated vapor line can be ensured for the refrigerant to be suctioned
into the compressor <b>2</b>. If a refrigerant in a liquid state is suctioned into the compressor <b>2</b>, the compressor <b>2</b>
may possibly result in a failure, or the efficiency thereof may
decrease. In the configuration according to Embodiment 3, since
superheat (S) can be ensured so that the refrigerant can be reliably
suctioned into the compressor <b>2</b> in a gas state, the reliability of the compressor <b>2</b> can be improved, and the load on the compressor <b>2</b>
can be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency. The
pressure-versus-specific-enthalpy diagram shown in FIG. 9 is a graph in
which the abscissa axis denotes the specific enthalpy and the ordinate
axis denotes the pressure. In the graph, D-DD and A-AA denote sections
where the refrigerant retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> and the refrigerant flowing through the suction pipe <b>23</b> exchange heat with each other at the heat exchanging unit <b>24</b> of the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In the refrigerant circuit having the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> and also having the heat exchanging unit <b>24</b> that exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing through the suction pipe <b>23</b> and the excess refrigerant, as in this configuration, the outdoor-heat-exchanger charge port <b>14</b> and the receiver charge port <b>15</b> are provided so that the refrigerant can be injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>. Thus, the refrigerant can be injected in a well-balanced manner into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> that have large capacities among the devices contained in and constituting the outdoor unit <b>1</b>,
whereby an air-conditioning apparatus is obtained in which an amount of
refrigerant required in the refrigerant circuit can be reliably and
safely injected thereto within a short period of time.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In particular, in this configuration, the heat of the excess refrigerant in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> can be effectively utilized.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">According to Embodiment 3, the heat exchanging unit <b>24</b> that exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe <b>23</b> connected to the suction side of the compressor <b>2</b> and the refrigerant retained in the excess-refrigerant container <b>12</b> is provided, so that the refrigerant to be suctioned into the compressor <b>2</b> is suctioned into the compressor <b>2</b> after exchanging heat with the refrigerant retained in the excess-refrigerant container <b>12</b> at the heat exchanging unit <b>24</b>. Thus, the heat in the excess-refrigerant container <b>12</b> is effectively utilized so that a circuit configuration with improved reliability of the compressor <b>2</b> is achieved. In this circuit configuration, the outdoor-heat-exchanger refrigerant injection port <b>14</b> and the excess-refrigerant-container refrigerant injection port <b>15</b> are provided so that the refrigerant can be injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the excess-refrigerant container <b>12</b>. Consequently, the refrigerant can be injected in a well-balanced manner into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b> and the excess-refrigerant container <b>12</b> that have large capacities among the devices contained in and constituting the outdoor unit <b>1</b>,
whereby an air-conditioning apparatus is obtained in which an amount of
refrigerant required in the refrigerant circuit can be reliably and
safely injected thereto within a short period of time.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Although the heat exchanging unit <b>24</b> is configured such that the suction pipe <b>23</b> extends through the refrigerant retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> in</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj10fzKZNq8JSoxcOpPbCC1Mg4uzx_AXUGNEN_Cp_I1Y5ssfCZ55guuusWat6zyEVjPN44lUCtOnZ2oXQ2__Wt304TWdIaFZFp7bI5zRlG-wrRVhHAmVvwSxOjJsnAXZeUqfK3A3JS3YtI/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-8__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj10fzKZNq8JSoxcOpPbCC1Mg4uzx_AXUGNEN_Cp_I1Y5ssfCZ55guuusWat6zyEVjPN44lUCtOnZ2oXQ2__Wt304TWdIaFZFp7bI5zRlG-wrRVhHAmVvwSxOjJsnAXZeUqfK3A3JS3YtI/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-8__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"> FIG. 8, the configuration thereof is not limited to this. For example, the suction pipe <b>23</b> may be wound in close contact with the inner wall or the outer wall of the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>. Any configuration is permissible so long as the refrigerant to be suctioned into the compressor <b>2</b> is suctioned into the compressor <b>2</b> after exchanging heat with the excess refrigerant retained in the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>.</span><span style="font-size: small;">Similar to Embodiment 1, in Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3, the charge port <b>15</b> may be replaced with a charge port that is provided in the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>c </i>directly connected to the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b>, or a charge port may be provided in each of the two refrigerant pipes <b>16</b><i>b </i>and <b>16</b><i>c </i>such that the refrigerant is injected into the intermediate-pressure receiver <b>12</b> from both charge ports.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Furthermore, the charge port <b>14</b> may be replaced with a charge port that is provided in the refrigerant pipe <b>16</b><i>d</i></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJOYpz-A9BGY4LugWb7Cc9B5HOLafwu75vgCoeVxN-u9BVg8WC32miUA9awlUcJTvTQoCHVHSiGvsnxDktHzkx1rtiw8qsu9X-8c5TarxWBjHn_pgouzZAjUngktJdaPokx25k7LOkZkU/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-4__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJOYpz-A9BGY4LugWb7Cc9B5HOLafwu75vgCoeVxN-u9BVg8WC32miUA9awlUcJTvTQoCHVHSiGvsnxDktHzkx1rtiw8qsu9X-8c5TarxWBjHn_pgouzZAjUngktJdaPokx25k7LOkZkU/s1600/mitsu-power-inverter-power-rec-4__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="248" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><i> </i>(see FIG. 4) directly connected to the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>, or a charge port may be provided in each of the two refrigerant pipes <b>16</b><i>a </i>and <b>16</b><i>d </i>such that the refrigerant is injected into the outdoor heat exchanger <b>4</b>
from both charge ports. By injection of the refrigerant from a
plurality of charge ports, the refrigerant injection time can be further
shortened.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
</div>
</span></span></h5>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b>
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></b><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC PUHZ-ZRP100VKA POWER INVERTER Scroll compressor having step portions for reducing leakage of fluid:</span></b></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></b>A scroll compressor for reducing fluid leakage at step portions of
scroll members and improving the compression efficiency is disclosed.
The reduction of leakage and a high compression efficiency can be
realized without increasing the precision in t<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>he manufacture of the
members. Between the engaged scroll members, a high-pressure space is
formed close to the spiral center, and among points at which the spiral
walls contact with each other immediately before the innermost closed
space communicates with the high-pressure space, the innermost point is
defined as a base point. The angular distance from the base point to the
outer end of the spiral, measured along the inner-peripheral face of
the spiral wall, is approximately 4π rad. The angular distance from the
base point to the step portion of each end plate, measured along the
inner-peripheral face of the spiral wall, is equal to or more than
approximately 3π rad.</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. A scroll compressor
comprising: a fixed scroll member which has an end plate and a spiral
wall provided on a face of this end plate and is fixed at a specific
position; and a revolving scroll member which has an end plate and a
spiral wall provided on a face of this end place and is supported in a
manner such that the spiral walls are engaged with each other and the
revolving scroll member can revolve, wherein: the face of the end plate
of each scroll member, on which the spiral wall is provided, is divided
into a plurality of areas which include a high portion closer to the
center of the spiral, an adjacent low portion closer to the outer end of
the spiral, and a step portion formed at the boundary of the high and
low portions, wherein the high potion is higher than the low portion;
the edge of each spiral wall has a low edge which corresponds to the
high portion and is closer to the outer end of the spiral, a high edge
which corresponds to the low portion and is closer to the outer end of
the spiral, and a step portion formed at the boundary of the high and
low edges; when the scroll members are engaged with each other, the end
plates, the spiral walls, and the step portions partially contact each
other, so that closed spaces are generated between the scroll memb<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-etkNpdCqMwlGC35uIhpJpwH5uISeTip7mYM0D5QR-RqsTRfmFXgNlyb3bdjC4FXTLslS1AsDXzFaH0Cpi_KKHFzdVofYoF_1udnDFgXxQVnWD6UMNVK5orWJjBYzASi63sgEXL5MVG_2/s1600/IMGH_06428.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-etkNpdCqMwlGC35uIhpJpwH5uISeTip7mYM0D5QR-RqsTRfmFXgNlyb3bdjC4FXTLslS1AsDXzFaH0Cpi_KKHFzdVofYoF_1udnDFgXxQVnWD6UMNVK5orWJjBYzASi63sgEXL5MVG_2/s1600/IMGH_06428.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
ers;
the revolving scroll member is made to revolve so that the closed spaces
gradually move from the outer end to the center of the spiral and the
capacities of the closed spaces are gradually reduced and a fluid in the
closed spaces is compressed; between the engaged scroll members, a
high-pressure space which communicates with a discharge chamber is
formed close to the center of the spiral, and among contact points at
which the spiral walls of both scroll members contact with each other
immediately before the innermost closed space communicates with the
high-pressure space, the innermost contact point is defined as a base
point; an angular distance from the base point to the outer end of each
spiral wall, measured along the inner-peripheral face of the spiral
wall, is approximately 4π rad; and an angular distance from the base
point to the step portion of each end plate, measured along the
inner-peripheral face of the corresponding spiral wall, is equal to or
more than approximately 3π rad. <br />
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION</span></h1>
1. Field of the Invention<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzINWzcQYtbY7iF68dye9JjZD-d7UVVNHFKogDF-ezMwkEBs0lhBk5fkY6_d2ggDkte_SCJ3MZN2D3SI7KwOaNDU5dEIQHAwzhgNsw-ByZgg1Djq5J77Digz3EoFMzshaKliy3NxPufu7a/s1600/IMGH_06444.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzINWzcQYtbY7iF68dye9JjZD-d7UVVNHFKogDF-ezMwkEBs0lhBk5fkY6_d2ggDkte_SCJ3MZN2D3SI7KwOaNDU5dEIQHAwzhgNsw-ByZgg1Djq5J77Digz3EoFMzshaKliy3NxPufu7a/s1600/IMGH_06444.jpg" height="320" width="237" /></a>The
present invention relates to a scroll compressor which is built into an
air conditioner, refrigerating machine, or the like, and in particular,
relates to the shape of scroll members therein.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Description of the Related Art<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIQh86TCxKk_-bp0v-xU-LYEC8kfreksQu1vvP1kwyXQWbnP8B2nWTHepXWJepL47rNaUyJdhvwXm7v9QZBKqUdhE4F5rWWPT2zvwJj16z9zuwI8-2Cgmkp_m00ZevowwVQ4pH-gkYHu3c/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIQh86TCxKk_-bp0v-xU-LYEC8kfreksQu1vvP1kwyXQWbnP8B2nWTHepXWJepL47rNaUyJdhvwXm7v9QZBKqUdhE4F5rWWPT2zvwJj16z9zuwI8-2Cgmkp_m00ZevowwVQ4pH-gkYHu3c/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-8.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a well-known scroll compressor. This scroll compressor comprises a fixed scroll member <b>101</b> which is fixedly attached to a housing <b>100</b> and a revolving scroll member <b>102</b> which is revolutionarily freely supported in the housing <b>100</b>.<br />
The fixed scroll member <b>101</b> has a fixed end plate <b>101</b><i>a </i>and a spiral wall <b>101</b><i>b</i>, and the revolving scroll member <b>102</b> has a revolving end plate <b>102</b><i>a </i>and a spiral wall <b>102</b><i>b</i>. The fixed and revolving scroll members <b>101</b> and <b>102</b> face each other in a manner such that the spiral walls <b>101</b><i>b </i>and <b>102</b><i>b </i>are engaged with each other with a phase difference of 180°, and the revolving scroll member <b>102</b> is made to revolve around the axis of the fixed scroll member <b>101</b> via the shaft <b>103</b>, so that the capacities of compression chambers, which are formed between the spiral walls <b>101</b><i>b </i>and <b>102</b><i>b</i>,
are gradually reduced and the fluid in the compression chambers is
compressed, thereby finally discharging the high-pressure fluid from a
discharge port <b>104</b> which is provided in a center portion of the fixed end plate <b>101</b><i>a. </i><br />
In
this scroll compressor, the capacity of a crescent-shaped closed space
formed at the outermost area of the spiral corresponds to the capacity
for the introduced fluid which is gradually compressed. Therefore, in
order to increase the capacity for the introduced fluid, that is, the
capacity for the fluid to be compressed, the number of coils (or turns)
of the spiral must be increased, or alternatively, the height of the
spiral walls must be increased.<br />
However, an increase in the number
of turns of the spiral leads to an increase in the diameter of the
compressor, and an increase in the height of the spiral walls causes a
decrease in the rigidity of the spiral walls relative to the pressure of
the compressed fluid.<br />
<br />
Japanese Patent No. 1296413 (refer to
Japanese Examined Patent Application, Second Publication No. Sho
60-17956) discloses an example structure for solving these problems.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSroNVNMzpACMCITES-_BlfO63naoddItl3Cj12nlvhykejjW-7y-obg9TFkEyTin6O9gTDyne2GbUM4POGog0fs1eP2MA2h2hdUotAPdLYIPOEA6uSfh3s7Dj22fQ8tcMDgXBA5BYBCfB/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSroNVNMzpACMCITES-_BlfO63naoddItl3Cj12nlvhykejjW-7y-obg9TFkEyTin6O9gTDyne2GbUM4POGog0fs1eP2MA2h2hdUotAPdLYIPOEA6uSfh3s7Dj22fQ8tcMDgXBA5BYBCfB/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-6.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
FIGS. 6A and 6B are perspective views which respectively show a fixed scroll member <b>1</b> and a revolving scroll member <b>2</b> employed in this example. The fixed scroll member <b>1</b> has an end plate <b>1</b><i>a </i>and a spiral wall <b>1</b><i>b </i>which is formed on a face of the end plate <b>1</b><i>a</i>. Similarly, the revolving scroll member <b>2</b> has an end plate <b>2</b><i>a </i>and a spiral wall <b>2</b><i>b </i>which is formed on a face of the end plate <b>2</b><i>a</i>. In the above faces of the end plates <b>1</b><i>a </i>and <b>2</b><i>a</i>, step portions <b>3</b> and <b>3</b> are each formed, and in each step portion <b>3</b>,
the side closer to the center of the spiral is higher than the side
closer to the outer end of the spiral. In addition, step portions <b>4</b> and <b>4</b> corresponding to the step portions <b>3</b> and <b>3</b> are each formed in the upper ends of the spiral walls <b>1</b><i>b </i>and <b>2</b><i>b </i>of the scroll members <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>. In each step portion <b>4</b>, the side closer to the center of the spiral is lower than the side closer to the outer end of the spiral.<br />
Therefore,
the above-explained scroll compressor has a feature that the spiral
walls and end plates are respectively formed to have step portions, that
is, in the spiral walls, the outer side (of the spiral) is higher and
the center side is lower, while in the end plates, the outer side is
lower and the center side is higher so as to correspond to the spiral
walls.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCbOWBJMeN7EKRoZNMsaMtTCAx_CFVydNnO0y1CtjQFnnqH1h_jBrV_gtRSjVDmXjlZWv4Ia_sZTap-R-nyG49yhiXl4LnEIWSeuX07yt6dOBoSObS9cnwDzqa09yEOJ8DtQByNSR7L3aM/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCbOWBJMeN7EKRoZNMsaMtTCAx_CFVydNnO0y1CtjQFnnqH1h_jBrV_gtRSjVDmXjlZWv4Ia_sZTap-R-nyG49yhiXl4LnEIWSeuX07yt6dOBoSObS9cnwDzqa09yEOJ8DtQByNSR7L3aM/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-7.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
FIG. 7 shows the engagement state in which the spiral walls <b>1</b><i>b </i>and <b>2</b><i>b </i>are engaged with each other with a phase difference of 180°. As shown in the figure, compression chambers C<b>2</b> and C<b>3</b> and the like are formed between the spiral walls <b>1</b><i>b </i>and <b>2</b><i>b</i>,
by the end plates and/or the slide planes of the step portions of the
end plates and spiral walls. In this state, when the revolving scroll
member <b>2</b> revolves around the axis of the fixed scroll member <b>1</b>, the capacities of the compression chambers gradually decrease, thereby compressing the relevant fluid.<br />
In
the above scroll compressor, the height of the compression chamber
closer to the outer side of the spiral is relatively high; thus, the
capacity for the introduced fluid can be increased without increasing
the outer diameter of the compressor. In addition, the height of the
compression chamber closer to the center can be low, so that high
rigidity of the walls can be obtained.<br />
However, in comparison with general scroll compressors having walls of a uniform height, each step portion <b>3</b> and the corresponding step portions <b>4</b>
partially slide on each other, that is, the engagement of the step
portions occurs. Therefore, even if a very slight gap between the
engaged portions exists due to the working or assembling tolerance of
the scroll members, the fluid may leak through the gap, and thus the
compression efficiency is reduced.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
In addition, in order to solve
the above problem, the scroll members should be manufactured to a very
high accuracy; thus, the productivity is very low and the manufacturing
cost is very high.<br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION</span></h1>
In
consideration of the above circumstances, the present invention relates
to scroll compressors, which comprise scroll members having step
portions, and an object of the present invention is to provide a scroll
compressor for reducing leakage of the fluid occurring at the step
portions as much as possible and improving the compression efficiency.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a scroll
compressor which has less leakage of the fluid and can realize a high
compression efficiency without increasing the precision in the
manufacture of the scroll members.<br />
Therefore, the present invention provides a scroll compressor comprising:<br />
a
fixed scroll member which has an end plate and a<br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-etkNpdCqMwlGC35uIhpJpwH5uISeTip7mYM0D5QR-RqsTRfmFXgNlyb3bdjC4FXTLslS1AsDXzFaH0Cpi_KKHFzdVofYoF_1udnDFgXxQVnWD6UMNVK5orWJjBYzASi63sgEXL5MVG_2/s1600/IMGH_06428.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-etkNpdCqMwlGC35uIhpJpwH5uISeTip7mYM0D5QR-RqsTRfmFXgNlyb3bdjC4FXTLslS1AsDXzFaH0Cpi_KKHFzdVofYoF_1udnDFgXxQVnWD6UMNVK5orWJjBYzASi63sgEXL5MVG_2/s1600/IMGH_06428.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></span></h5>
spiral wall provided
on a face of this end plate and is fixed as a specific position; and<br />
a
revolving scroll member which has an end plate and a spiral wall
provided on a face of this end plate and is supported in a manner such
that the spiral walls are engaged with each other and the revolving
scroll member can revolve while rotation is prohibited, wherein:<br />
the
face of each scroll member, on which the spiral wall is provided, is
divided into a plurality of areas which include a high portion closer to
the center of the spiral, an adjacent low portion closer to the outer
end of the spiral, and a step portion formed at the boundary of the high
and low portions, where the high portion is higher than the low
portion;<br />
the edge of each spiral wall has a low edge which
corresponds to the high portion and is closer to the center of the
spiral, a high edge which corresponds to the low portion and is closer
to the outer end of the spiral, and a step portion formed at the
boundary of the high and low edges;<br />
when the scroll members are
engaged with each other, the end plates, the spiral walls, and the step
portions partially contact with each other, so that closed spaces are
generated between the scroll members;<br />
the revolving scroll member
is made to revolve so that the closed spaces gradually move from the
outer side to the center side of the spiral and the capacities of the
closed spaces are gradually reduced and a fluid in the closed spaces is
compressed;<br />
between the engaged scroll members, a high-pressure
space which communicates with a discharge chamber is formed close to the
center of the spiral, and among contact points at which the spiral
walls of both scroll members contact with each other immediately before
the innermost closed space communicates with the high-pressure <br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
</h5>
space,
the innermost contact point is defined as a base point;<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>the
angular distance from the base point to the outer end of each spiral
wall, measured along the inner-peripheral face of the spiral wall, is
approximately 4π rad; and<br />
the angular distance from the base point
to the step portion of each end plate, measured along the
inner-peripheral face of the corresponding spiral wall, is equal to or
more than approximately 3π rad.<br />
According to the above structure,
each step portion can be placed in a preferable area of the scroll
members. Therefore, it is possible that after the moment when the
innermost closed space (called the first closed space) communicates with
the high-pressure space (which communicates with the discharge
chamber), the step portions do not participate in the formation of the
first closed space. The high-pressure fluid reversely flows from the
high-pressure space due to the communication of the first closed space
with the high-pressure space, and the pressure of the fluid in the first
closed space increases. Accordingly, even when the differential
pressure between the first closed space and the second closed space
(which is adjacent to the first closed space and is placed closer to the
outer end of the spiral) increases, the step portions do not
participate in the formation of the first closed space; thus, the
leakage of the fluid due to the presence of the step portions can be
avoided. That is, the step portions may participate in the formation of
the second closed space or more distant closed spaces, thereby reducing
the leakage of the fluid due to the presence of the step portions as
much as possible and improving the compression efficiency. Such an
improved compression efficiency can be realized without improving the
precision in the manufacture of the scroll members.<br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS</span></h1>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBZd5xMgo7EveU10RylU5wpzqMEeweTT4BUzuheflmuBnEDQHLXYGVNiViP5coPi7n91iUoBBzEJop1sScPX7hHCTLmygwAOcmtJxf5DrKhjtfD7OhV_-VRr8G10_S3RDOJ01Ic8mVJqK/s1600/IMGH_06420.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBZd5xMgo7EveU10RylU5wpzqMEeweTT4BUzuheflmuBnEDQHLXYGVNiViP5coPi7n91iUoBBzEJop1sScPX7hHCTLmygwAOcmtJxf5DrKhjtfD7OhV_-VRr8G10_S3RDOJ01Ic8mVJqK/s1600/IMGH_06420.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></h5>
FIG. 1
is a view showing a fixed scroll member as a constituent of the scroll
compressor of an embodiment according to the present invention, which is
viewed from a face on which a spiral wall is formed.<br />
FIG. 2
is a view showing a revolving scroll member as another constituent of
the scroll compressor of the embodiment, which is viewed from a face on
which a spiral wall is formed.<br />
FIG. 3
is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the fixed and
revolving scroll members of the scroll compressor are engaged with each
other, which is viewed from a cross section perpendicular to the axis of
the discharge port towards the fixed scroll member.<br />
FIG. 4A is an enlarged view of area A in FIG. 3, while FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of area B in FIG. <b>3</b>.<br />
FIG. 5A
is a graph showing changes in the pressure in each compression chamber
versus the rotation angle of the revolving scroll member during the
operation of the scroll compressor of the embodiment, and FIG. 5B
is a graph showing changes in the pressure in each compression chamber
along the rotation angle of the revolving scroll member during the
operation of a conventional scroll compressor.<br />
FIGS. 6A and 6B
are perspective views which respectively show a fixed scroll member and
a revolving scroll member employed in a conventional scroll compressor.<br />
FIG. 7
is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the fixed and
revolving scroll members of the conventional scroll compressor are
engaged with each other, which is viewed from a cross section
perpendicular to the axis of the discharge port towards the fixed scroll
member.<br />
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the general structure of the conventional scroll compressor.<br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: small;">DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS</span></h1>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
Hereinafter,
an embodiment of the scroll compressor according to the present
invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. The present
invention is not limited to this embodiment. In addition, portions other
than the scroll members have the same structures as those of the
above-explained conventional scroll compressor; thus, detailed
explanations thereof are omitted and the structure of the scroll members
which are distinctive features of the present invention, in particular,
the position where each step portion is formed, will be explained in
detail below.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmCfFd0rWi75eaezblKqYhYwrfDQPyHcj4pFsQBpwY1salRYQ_fRZ46iMnf-xzs2aBdWByS0lGNjtAqVJqCAIxp-nc4rCSu8lduIwGflLRMmvAJNPT0onM5UesgddBAncawPLJ3V-pPwmV/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmCfFd0rWi75eaezblKqYhYwrfDQPyHcj4pFsQBpwY1salRYQ_fRZ46iMnf-xzs2aBdWByS0lGNjtAqVJqCAIxp-nc4rCSu8lduIwGflLRMmvAJNPT0onM5UesgddBAncawPLJ3V-pPwmV/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
FIG. 1 is a view
showing a fixed scroll member as a constituent of the scroll compressor
of the present embodiment, which is viewed from a face on which a spiral
wall is formed. FIG. 2 is a view showing a
revolving scroll member as another constituent of the scroll compressor
of the present embodiment, which is viewed from a face on which a
spiral wall is formed. FIG. 3 is a
cross-sectional view showing a state in which the fixed and revolving
scroll members are engaged with each other, which is viewed from a cross
section perpendicular to the axis of the discharge port towards the
fixed scroll member. FIG. 4A is an enlarged view of area A in FIG. 3, while FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of area B in FIG. <b>3</b>. FIG. 5A
is a graph showing changes in the pressure in each compression chamber
versus the rotation angle of the revolving scroll member dung the
operation of the scroll compressor of the present embodiment. FIG. 5B
is a graph showing changes in the pressure in each compression chamber
along the rotation angle of the revolving scroll member during the
operation of a conventional scroll compressor.<br />
As shown in FIG. 1, a spiral wall <b>12</b><i>b </i>is formed on an end plate <b>12</b><i>a </i>of a fixed scroll member <b>12</b>, and the face on which the spiral wall <b>12</b><i>b </i>is provided has a shallow bottom face <b>12</b><i>f </i>closer to the center of the spiral and a deep bottom farce <b>12</b><i>g </i>closer to the outer end of the spiral. A step portion <b>42</b> is formed at the boundary of the shallow portion <b>12</b><i>f </i>and the deep portion <b>12</b><i>g</i>, and a joint wall <b>12</b><i>h </i>stands vertically with respect to the axis of the fixed scroll member <b>12</b>, between the bottom faces <b>12</b><i>f </i>and <b>12</b><i>g. </i><br />
Additionally, the edge of the spiral wall <b>12</b><i>b </i>has a lower edge <b>12</b><i>c </i>closer to the enter of the spiral and a higher edge <b>12</b><i>d </i>closer to the outer end of the spiral. Therefore, a step portion is also formed between the adjacent edges <b>12</b><i>c </i>and <b>12</b><i>d </i>and a joint edge <b>12</b><i>e </i>is formed between the edges <b>12</b><i>c </i>and <b>12</b><i>d</i>, which is vertically formed with respect to the axis of the fixed scroll member <b>12</b>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieb6WM-usg1gbjOkh1ObUdWtTsoe1gFEbDJjgpA3MY_YuF3Xt3QuqW1jPahsiB2E8Rc1up8SLn2Uf4nLWh2jFAFoeWN9yQPX6h3KQf9HnqNya2NaYWVJOOhmwH-eHHm3gu0RPuGjmhjCeZ/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieb6WM-usg1gbjOkh1ObUdWtTsoe1gFEbDJjgpA3MY_YuF3Xt3QuqW1jPahsiB2E8Rc1up8SLn2Uf4nLWh2jFAFoeWN9yQPX6h3KQf9HnqNya2NaYWVJOOhmwH-eHHm3gu0RPuGjmhjCeZ/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
As shown in FIG. 2, a revolving scroll member <b>13</b> has an almost mirror-symmetrical shape with respect to the fixed scroll member <b>12</b>. More specifically, an end plate <b>13</b><i>a </i>of the revolving scroll member <b>13</b> has a deep bottom face <b>13</b><i>g </i>and a shallow bottom face <b>13</b><i>f </i>are formed, which respectively correspond to the higher edge <b>12</b><i>d </i>and the lower edge <b>12</b><i>c </i>of the fixed scroll member <b>12</b>, and a step portion <b>43</b> is formed between the deep bottom face <b>13</b><i>g </i>and the shallow bottom face <b>13</b><i>f. </i>A joint wall <b>13</b><i>h</i>, which stands vertically, is also formed at the boundary between the bottom faces <b>13</b><i>f </i>and <b>13</b><i>g. </i><br />
In addition, a spiral wall <b>13</b><i>b </i>of the revolving scroll member <b>13</b> has a higher edge <b>13</b><i>d </i>and a lower edge <b>13</b><i>c </i>which respectively correspond to the deep bottom fare <b>12</b><i>g </i>and the shallow bottom face <b>12</b><i>f </i>of the end plate <b>12</b><i>a </i>of the fixed scroll member <b>12</b>, and at the boundary of the higher and lower edges <b>13</b><i>c </i>and <b>13</b><i>d</i>, a joint edge <b>13</b><i>e </i>is formed, which stands vertically with respect to the axis of the revolving scroll member <b>13</b>.<br />
When the revolving scroll member <b>13</b> is engaged with the fixed scroll member <b>12</b>, the lower edge <b>13</b><i>c </i>contacts the shallow bottom face <b>12</b><i>f </i>and the higher edge <b>13</b><i>d </i>contacts the deep bottom face <b>12</b><i>g</i>. Simultaneously, the higher edge <b>12</b><i>d </i>contacts the deep bottom face <b>13</b><i>g </i>and the lower edge <b>12</b><i>c </i>contacts the shallow bottom face <b>13</b><i>f</i>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8M8y8tO4-rSUPMSJe8j0xe0W0rb5S012YJCOm7m99_vCLh5mc4mMyntPFXjTFxkzPU5u6VbYZixD7sEKWQYbYa4JZyMWysLUogvC_OekUn7JhgQaTH7C6JkNQjdUO-Dw2PSH5UwZ6Os3O/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8M8y8tO4-rSUPMSJe8j0xe0W0rb5S012YJCOm7m99_vCLh5mc4mMyntPFXjTFxkzPU5u6VbYZixD7sEKWQYbYa4JZyMWysLUogvC_OekUn7JhgQaTH7C6JkNQjdUO-Dw2PSH5UwZ6Os3O/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-3.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 3, the space between the fixed and revolving scroll members <b>12</b> and <b>13</b> is divided into a plurality of compression chambers by the end plates <b>12</b><i>a </i>and <b>13</b><i>a </i>(which face each other) and the spiral walls <b>12</b><i>b </i>and <b>13</b><i>b</i>. According to the revolution of the revolving scroll member <b>13</b>,
the capacities of these compression chambers are gradually reduced
while the compression chambers gradually move from the outer side to the
center side of the spiral, thereby compressing the fluid, and finally,
the high-pressure fluid is discharged from a discharge port <b>25</b> which is provided in a center area of the end plate <b>12</b><i>a </i>of the fixed scroll member <b>12</b>.<br />
Below, the positions of the step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b> (which are distinctive features of the present invention) will be explained. In the fixed scroll member <b>12</b> and the revolving scroll member <b>13</b>, the spiral walls <b>12</b><i>b </i>and <b>13</b><i>b </i>have symmetrical forms with each other, and the end plates <b>12</b><i>a </i>and <b>13</b><i>a </i>also have symmetrical forms. Therefore, the structure of the fixed scroll member <b>12</b> will be explained in detail, and a detailed explanation of the structure of the revolving scroll member <b>13</b> (i.e., the position of the step portion <b>43</b>) is omitted.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8M8y8tO4-rSUPMSJe8j0xe0W0rb5S012YJCOm7m99_vCLh5mc4mMyntPFXjTFxkzPU5u6VbYZixD7sEKWQYbYa4JZyMWysLUogvC_OekUn7JhgQaTH7C6JkNQjdUO-Dw2PSH5UwZ6Os3O/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-3.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8M8y8tO4-rSUPMSJe8j0xe0W0rb5S012YJCOm7m99_vCLh5mc4mMyntPFXjTFxkzPU5u6VbYZixD7sEKWQYbYa4JZyMWysLUogvC_OekUn7JhgQaTH7C6JkNQjdUO-Dw2PSH5UwZ6Os3O/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-3.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>FIG. 3 shows a state in which the fixed scroll member <b>12</b> and the revolving scroll member <b>13</b> are engaged with each other. Between the spiral walls <b>12</b><i>b </i>and <b>13</b><i>b</i>, a high-pressure chamber C<b>1</b> which communicates with the discharge port <b>25</b> of the fixed scroll member <b>12</b>, and two crescent-shaped compression chambers C<b>2</b> and C<b>3</b> (corresponding to the closed spaces of the present invention) are formed, where the compression chambers C<b>2</b> and C<b>3</b> are each adjacent to the high-pressure chamber C<b>1</b>. FIG. 3 shows a specific state immediately before the compression chamber C<b>2</b> is communicated with the high-pressure chamber C<b>1</b>.
In the following explanations, this state will be called the
“engagement state immediately before communication with the
high-pressure space”. In this state, a sealed position between the
high-pressure chamber C<b>1</b> and the compression chamber (i.e., closed space) C<b>2</b>, that is, a sealed point between spiral walls <b>12</b><i>b </i>and <b>13</b><i>b</i>, is defined as a base point P<b>1</b>.<br />
In the scroll members of the present embodiment, the spiral end <b>13</b><i>i </i>of the spiral wall <b>13</b><i>b </i>is away from the base point P<b>1</b> by an angular distance of 4π rad measured along the inner-peripheral face of the spiral wall <b>13</b><i>b</i>. Therefore, the number of coils (or turns) of the spiral is relatively small. In addition, P<b>2</b> is a position away from the base point P<b>1</b> by an angular distance of 3π rad measured along the inner-peripheral face of the spiral wall <b>12</b><i>b</i>, and the angular distance between the base point PI and the step portion <b>42</b> is 3π rad or more, that is, the step portion <b>42</b> is positioned at P<b>2</b> or a more distant point.<br />
As explained above, the base point P<b>1</b> is defined based on the state immediately before the compression chamber C<b>2</b> communicates with the discharge port <b>25</b> (i.e., high-pressure chamber C<b>1</b>) at point P<b>3</b> (see FIG. <b>4</b>A). Therefore, if the revolving scroll member <b>13</b>
further revolves very slightly, this communication occurs. Under this
“engagement state immediately before communication with the
high-pressure space”, the inner-peripheral face <b>12</b><i>x </i>of an end portion <b>12</b>E at the center side of the spiral wall <b>12</b><i>b </i>and the outer-peripheral face <b>13</b><i>x </i>of an end portion <b>13</b>E at the center side of the spiral wall <b>13</b><i>b </i>make linear contact at the base point P<b>1</b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD1JE1NWP4LKgk4al77OeeLZCzfVVaEZI5eHLc-4XgbidkhQ8SHilMkwzxUY5gNjH-90MWLbt5j4mv0s_c9b4IQC3ODTL3Tms7MeIbhvKf1k_4-KtBaNEaAFVg7y7bXM8Gn9ulVsbOuTMM/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD1JE1NWP4LKgk4al77OeeLZCzfVVaEZI5eHLc-4XgbidkhQ8SHilMkwzxUY5gNjH-90MWLbt5j4mv0s_c9b4IQC3ODTL3Tms7MeIbhvKf1k_4-KtBaNEaAFVg7y7bXM8Gn9ulVsbOuTMM/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-4.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
(i.e., “point contact” in the observation direction of FIG. <b>4</b>A). This base point P<b>1</b> is a starting point for measuring the angular distance and defining the above position P<b>2</b>; thus, the position of the base point P<b>1</b> is defined as 0 rad.<br />
When a spiral figure is drawn from the base point P<b>1</b> along the inner-peripheral face <b>12</b><i>x </i>towards the outer end of the spiral wall <b>12</b><i>b </i>(see FIG. <b>4</b>B), the line between the base curve for drawing an involute which corresponds to the spiral figure and the base point P<b>1</b> on the involute is defined as 0 rad. The angular distance from the base point P<b>1</b> to the position P<b>2</b> is 3π rad. In the spiral wall <b>12</b><i>b</i>, the contact position x between the step portion <b>42</b> and the inner-peripheral face <b>12</b><i>x </i>is placed at P<b>2</b> or a position closer to the outer end of the spiral. In FIG. 4, the step portion <b>42</b> is placed at the innermost position under this condition, that is, the position P<b>2</b> overlaps with the contact position x.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-etkNpdCqMwlGC35uIhpJpwH5uISeTip7mYM0D5QR-RqsTRfmFXgNlyb3bdjC4FXTLslS1AsDXzFaH0Cpi_KKHFzdVofYoF_1udnDFgXxQVnWD6UMNVK5orWJjBYzASi63sgEXL5MVG_2/s1600/IMGH_06428.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-etkNpdCqMwlGC35uIhpJpwH5uISeTip7mYM0D5QR-RqsTRfmFXgNlyb3bdjC4FXTLslS1AsDXzFaH0Cpi_KKHFzdVofYoF_1udnDFgXxQVnWD6UMNVK5orWJjBYzASi63sgEXL5MVG_2/s1600/IMGH_06428.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>In FIG. 4B, reference character <b>12</b><i>y </i>indicates the outer peripheral face of the inner wall adjacent to the wall including the point P<b>2</b>, and reference characters C<b>3</b> and C<b>4</b> indicate adjacent compression chambers. The contact position y between the step portion <b>42</b> and the outer-peripheral face <b>12</b><i>y </i>is placed on the line between the above base curve (for the involute) and the contact position x. The step portion <b>42</b>
has a semicircle form which has two end points corresponding to the
contact positions x and y. Here, the contact position y does not overlap
with the compression chamber C<b>3</b> and thus no portion of the step portion <b>42</b> is present in the area of th<br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"></span></h5>
e compression chamber C<b>3</b> under the above-explained engagement state immediately before communication with the high-pressure space.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv0ttUh0GvEgecKAvaUZcbtwDqnEs0PbUxm9OpdmCKVIxhXflwuYjP7oZ6GCS7UyKuleVe3yT-cZsNyfAzNtH0VF_TWsHnBF21R8PuovbEUKFmJZp5lX6b0nNrxN39laKeOj7LieQCaIAk/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv0ttUh0GvEgecKAvaUZcbtwDqnEs0PbUxm9OpdmCKVIxhXflwuYjP7oZ6GCS7UyKuleVe3yT-cZsNyfAzNtH0VF_TWsHnBF21R8PuovbEUKFmJZp5lX6b0nNrxN39laKeOj7LieQCaIAk/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-5.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams for explaining the effects obtained by the scroll compressor having the above-explained structure. FIG. 5A
shows a correlation between the pressure of each compression chamber
and the rotation angle of the crank shaft in the present invention,
while FIG. 5B shows a correlation between
the pressure of each compression chamber and the rotation angle of the
crank shaft in a structure in which the step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b> are shifted to the center side of the spiral (i.e., corresponding to the conventional example as shown in FIG. <b>7</b>).
In the operation conditions of the compressor which were employed, the
defined low pressure is 0.4 Mpa while the defined high pressure is 25
Mpa.<br />
The rate of change of the capacity of the compression chamber depends on the positions of the step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b>;
thus, even with the same rotation angle of the crank shaft, the rising
point P of the pressure of the compression chamber changes according to
the positions of the step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b>. In FIG. 5A, the line indicated by reference numeral <b>200</b> (i.e., solid line) shows the variation of the pressure when the step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b> according to the present invention are formed. If the positions of these step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b>
are shifted along the spiral towards the center side so as to have the
structure shown in the conventional example (refer to FIG. <b>7</b>), the variation of the pressure is shown by the line <b>201</b> (i.e., solid line) in FIG. <b>5</b>B.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCbOWBJMeN7EKRoZNMsaMtTCAx_CFVydNnO0y1CtjQFnnqH1h_jBrV_gtRSjVDmXjlZWv4Ia_sZTap-R-nyG49yhiXl4LnEIWSeuX07yt6dOBoSObS9cnwDzqa09yEOJ8DtQByNSR7L3aM/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-7.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCbOWBJMeN7EKRoZNMsaMtTCAx_CFVydNnO0y1CtjQFnnqH1h_jBrV_gtRSjVDmXjlZWv4Ia_sZTap-R-nyG49yhiXl4LnEIWSeuX07yt6dOBoSObS9cnwDzqa09yEOJ8DtQByNSR7L3aM/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-7.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
Each point P in FIGS. 5A and 5B
corresponds to the above-explained engagement state immediately before
communication with the high-pressure space. In the pressure range higher
than P (i.e., the right side of P in each figure), the compression
chamber communicates with the high-pressure chamber C<b>1</b>, and accordingly, the high-pressure fluid remaining in the high-pressure chamber C<b>1</b>
reversely flows into the compression chamber. As a result, the pressure
of the compression chamber increases suddenly, that is, the pressure of
the compression chamber suddenly increases immediately after the point
P.<br />
The line indicated by reference numeral <b>300</b>
(i.e., dotted line) shows a variation of the adjacent compression
chamber which is closer to the outer side of the spiral (i.e., adjacent
to the compression chamber having the variation of pressure indicated by
reference numeral <b>200</b>) in the scroll compressor of the present embodiment. Similarly, the line indicated by reference numeral <b>301</b>
(i.e., dotted line) shows a variation of the adjacent compression
chamber which is closer to the outer side of the spiral (i.e., adjacent
to the compression chamber having the variation of pressure indicated by
reference numeral <b>201</b>) in the scroll compressor of the conventional example.<br />
With reference to FIGS. 5<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv0ttUh0GvEgecKAvaUZcbtwDqnEs0PbUxm9OpdmCKVIxhXflwuYjP7oZ6GCS7UyKuleVe3yT-cZsNyfAzNtH0VF_TWsHnBF21R8PuovbEUKFmJZp5lX6b0nNrxN39laKeOj7LieQCaIAk/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-5.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv0ttUh0GvEgecKAvaUZcbtwDqnEs0PbUxm9OpdmCKVIxhXflwuYjP7oZ6GCS7UyKuleVe3yT-cZsNyfAzNtH0VF_TWsHnBF21R8PuovbEUKFmJZp5lX6b0nNrxN39laKeOj7LieQCaIAk/s1600/MITSU-SCROLL-5.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>A and 5B,
the distinctive features of the present embodiment in comparison with
the conventional example will be explained. In the conventional scroll
compressor shown by FIG. 5B, the range in which the engaged portions at the step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b> (corresponding to the step portions <b>3</b>, <b>3</b> in FIG. 7) participate in the formation of the compression chambers is L<b>1</b>,
which corresponds to a rotation angle of the crank shaft of 180
degrees. Conversely, in the scroll compressor according to the present
invention shown by FIG. 5A, the range in which the engaged portions at the step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b> participate in the formation of the compression chambers is L<b>0</b>, which corresponds to a rotation angle of the crank shaft of 180 degrees.<br />
Each engaged portion at the step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b>
has a minute gap due to a tolerance for the mechanical processing or
assembly. The leakage of fluid through the gap corresponds to the
differential pressure of the fluid within the range where the engaged
portions at the step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b> participate in the formation of the compression chambers, that is, (i) differential pressure ΔP<b>1</b> between the lines <b>201</b> and <b>301</b> in the conventional example and (ii) differential pressure ΔP<b>0</b> between the lines <b>200</b> and <b>300</b> in the present embodiment within that range. With reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B, it is obvious that ΔP<b>1</b>>ΔP<b>0</b>.
Accordingly, in the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce the
leakage of fluid through a gap of the engaged portions at the step
portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b> (which are provided in the scroll members), thereby improving the compression efficiency.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBZd5xMgo7EveU10RylU5wpzqMEeweTT4BUzuheflmuBnEDQHLXYGVNiViP5coPi7n91iUoBBzEJop1sScPX7hHCTLmygwAOcmtJxf5DrKhjtfD7OhV_-VRr8G10_S3RDOJ01Ic8mVJqK/s1600/IMGH_06420.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBZd5xMgo7EveU10RylU5wpzqMEeweTT4BUzuheflmuBnEDQHLXYGVNiViP5coPi7n91iUoBBzEJop1sScPX7hHCTLmygwAOcmtJxf5DrKhjtfD7OhV_-VRr8G10_S3RDOJ01Ic8mVJqK/s1600/IMGH_06420.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>That is, in the scroll compressor having the step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b> of the present embodiment, the step portion <b>42</b> is placed at the position P<b>2</b> or a position closer to the outer end of the spiral, where the angular distance from the base point P<b>1</b> to the position P<b>2</b> (measured along the inner-peripheral face of the spiral wall <b>12</b><i>b</i>) is 3π rad, and similarly, the step portion <b>43</b> is placed at the corresponding position (3π rad) or a more distant position. According to this structure, as shown in FIG. 5A, the engaged portions at the step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b>
do not relate to the formation of the compression chambers in the
pressure range higher than the point P, where the pressure of the
compression chamber is very high. Therefore, the leakage of fluid
through a gap at the step portions <b>42</b> and <b>43</b> can be reduced as much as possible, thereby improving the compression efficiency.<br />
In the present embodiment, the angular distance from the base point P<b>1</b> to the spiral end <b>13</b><i>i </i>measured along the inner-peripheral face of the spiral wall <b>13</b><i>b </i>is
4π rad. However, practically, this angular distance may be selected
from 3.3π rad to 5π rad so as to obtain similar effects of the present
invention. In addition, similar variations can be applied to the spiral
wall <b>12</b><i>b. </i><br />
Also in the present embodiment, the angular distance from the base point P<b>1</b> to the step portion <b>42</b> measured along the inner-peripheral face of the spiral wall <b>12</b><i>b </i>is
3π rad or more. However, if this angular distance is slightly smaller
than 3π rad (e.g., 2.7π rad, that is, 0.3π rad closer to the center of
the spiral), the corresponding reduction of the compression efficiency
is small and effects similar to those of the present invention can also
be obtained. In addition, similar variations can be applied to the step
portion <b>43</b></div>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><span style="font-size: small;">
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC PUHZ-ZRP100VKA POWER INVERTER AIR CONDITIONER:</b></span></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMUZoYL0zILflQBFMsex6vRnPTxc9VZVjOw0aRy94nbRSMy8BkqQZmcwa-6paTkkNuDvneM_lMiXPNwB28RVPWsx8SenjXQCk8dUnD8dbLTOkDLM1-wb4miHY09BI2zQKrzG4-FTcrvL4S/s1600/IMGH_06421.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMUZoYL0zILflQBFMsex6vRnPTxc9VZVjOw0aRy94nbRSMy8BkqQZmcwa-6paTkkNuDvneM_lMiXPNwB28RVPWsx8SenjXQCk8dUnD8dbLTOkDLM1-wb4miHY09BI2zQKrzG4-FTcrvL4S/s1600/IMGH_06421.jpg" height="237" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>An inverter air conditioner controller includes an ac/dc converter 4 for
changing ac power into dc power, a dc/ac inverter 6 for changing dc
power into ac power having a desired frequency and a desired voltage to
drive a compressor 7, compressor lock presumption unit 25 for presuming
whether a compressor lock occurs, and frequency increasing unit 22 for
increasing the operational frequency to a desired value. When it is
presumed that compressor lock occurs, the frequency is determined so
that an operational current value reaches an overcurrent detection
level, and a lock protection unit activates an overcurrent breaker to
stop the compressor.</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. An inverter air conditioner comprising: an ac/dc
converter means for changing input ac power into dc pow<br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></span></span></h5>
er; a dc/ac
inverter means for changing said dc power into ac power having a desired
frequency and a desired voltage; a compressor driven by said ac power;
compressor lock presumption means for presuming whether of said
compressor lock occurs; frequency increasing means for increasing an
operational frequency of said compressor to a value when it is presumed
that compressor lock occurs, said value being such that an operational
current value reaches an overcurrent detection level; and lock
protection means for activating an overcurrent breaker to stop the
compressor when the operational current is detected by an overcurrent
detection circuit. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. An inverter air conditioner according to Claim 1,
wherein the compressor lock presumption means presumes the compressor
lock according to an operational frequency and an inverter input current
value. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. An inverter air conditioner according to Claim 1,
wherein the compressor lock presumption means presumes the compressor
lock according to a correction quantity of an input voltage to the
compressor. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. An inverter air conditioner according to Claim 1,
wherein the compressor lock presumption means presumes the compressor
lock according to an output signal from either one of a speed detector
and a position detector. <br />
<br clear="all" />
5. An inverter air conditioner substantially as
herein described with reference to figures 1 to 3, figures 4 to 6, or
figures 7 to 10 of the accompanying drawings. <br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
The present invention generally relates to a control
device for an inverter air conditioner, and more particularly to a
control device for an inventer airconditioner with a lock presumption
circuit.<br />
The operation range of an inverter air conditioner has
recently been expanded to the low frequency side. However, overcurrent
break lock protection against a dc power source (corresponding to the
operational current of a compressor) does not work in a satisfactory
manner in a low frequency range. In order to cope with this problem,
there has been proposed a solution to periodically raise the operational
frequency of the input current at certain time intervals as disclosed
in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 300076/1989.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb6W580MPCfncPua4p14yfgsanAK9LnxvqrahUF-agaQzABXJm67d67jmecDA1EPMwAsA2ctFIf8BOCZDwEVrR722QFIymKbKnWsRxMATjovRn1wutWMkWdJ6Sm-SrxUQNcYZH87LVYqU6/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb6W580MPCfncPua4p14yfgsanAK9LnxvqrahUF-agaQzABXJm67d67jmecDA1EPMwAsA2ctFIf8BOCZDwEVrR722QFIymKbKnWsRxMATjovRn1wutWMkWdJ6Sm-SrxUQNcYZH87LVYqU6/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-13.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnGV7ScQTdNddnrkfxh9WEIO4UbPuAhtOMi9_86_lOCdBQ4Xq0PNA0Kkx3zWvSyW4qf1gBQaVLVJBEK166i8ucURCcwPSrzVhx769CbHl0maT3EeaGiizbw6pxfpumBJa-NfUebQWtqpDZ/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a>
<br />
A
conventional system is shown in Figure 11 to include operating period
counting means and frequency raising means, the counting of an operating
period, and raising an operating frequency at certain time intervals.
The structure of the conventional system will be explained in reference
to Figure 11.<br />
The conventional inverter air conditioner is
constituted by a converter (an ac/dc converter) 4 for changing
commercial power into dc power, an inverter (a dc/ac inverter) 6 for
changing dc power into ac power, a compressor 7 having an electric motor
and a compressing mechanism to compress and circulate a refrigerant, a
waveform output circuit 24 for outputting a signal to the inverter 6, a
shunt resistor 5 for detecting the dc component of a current flowing
through the compressor 7, an overcurrent detecting circuit 21 for
detecting an overcurrent, and operational frequency changing means 22
for raising the operational frequency at certain time intervals.
Reference numeral 20 designates an outdoor controller.<br />
The
operation of the conventional inverter air conditioner will be
described. In Figure 11, the compressor 7 is driven by an ac power which
is obtained by converting commercial power into dc power with the
converter (ac/dc converter) 4, and inverting the dc power into three
phase ac power with the inverter (dc/ac inverter) 6 based on a waveform
signal from the waveform output circuit 24 so as to have a desired
frequency and a desired voltage. While the compressor 7 is driven by the
inverted ac power, a dc component of a current flowing through the
compressor 7 is detected by the shunt resistor 5 and the overcurrent
detecting circuit 21. Under certain conditions, such as a loss of
lubricant, a short circuit, dust in the bearings, excessive backpressure
of the refrigerant, etc. the compressor may stop operating and is said
to be locked.<br />
When the compressor is locked, an overcurrent
breaker is activated by sensing (the<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBZd5xMgo7EveU10RylU5wpzqMEeweTT4BUzuheflmuBnEDQHLXYGVNiViP5coPi7n91iUoBBzEJop1sScPX7hHCTLmygwAOcmtJxf5DrKhjtfD7OhV_-VRr8G10_S3RDOJ01Ic8mVJqK/s1600/IMGH_06420.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBZd5xMgo7EveU10RylU5wpzqMEeweTT4BUzuheflmuBnEDQHLXYGVNiViP5coPi7n91iUoBBzEJop1sScPX7hHCTLmygwAOcmtJxf5DrKhjtfD7OhV_-VRr8G10_S3RDOJ01Ic8mVJqK/s1600/IMGH_06420.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a> output from the waveform output
circuit. If a low frequency operation is required from an indoor
controller (not shown), the operational frequency is raised by the
operational frequency changing means 22 at certain time intervals to
allow a stop operation by the overcurrent breaker when the compressor is
locked.<br />
The conventional inverter air conditioner is constructed
as stated earlier to protect against compressor lock. However, the
arrangement wherein the operational frequency is periodically raised
irrespectively of the presence and absence of the compressor lock
creates problems. If the time interval is too long, protection against
an increase in temperature of a winding does not occur in time when the
compressor is locked. If the time interval is too short, the actual
operational frequency is extremely different from the desired
operational frequency. The operational frequency constantly varies, and
whenever the operational frequency changes, noise is generated which
grates on the user's ear.<br />
It is an object of the present invention
to solve the problems, and to provide an inverter air conditioner
capable of avoiding an unnecessary increase in an operational frequency,
ensuring stability in a capacity control and noise prevention, and
obtaining reliable lock protection by increasing the operational
frequency only when it is presumed that a compressor is locked.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
The
foregoing and other object of the present in<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMUZoYL0zILflQBFMsex6vRnPTxc9VZVjOw0aRy94nbRSMy8BkqQZmcwa-6paTkkNuDvneM_lMiXPNwB28RVPWsx8SenjXQCk8dUnD8dbLTOkDLM1-wb4miHY09BI2zQKrzG4-FTcrvL4S/s1600/IMGH_06421.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMUZoYL0zILflQBFMsex6vRnPTxc9VZVjOw0aRy94nbRSMy8BkqQZmcwa-6paTkkNuDvneM_lMiXPNwB28RVPWsx8SenjXQCk8dUnD8dbLTOkDLM1-wb4miHY09BI2zQKrzG4-FTcrvL4S/s1600/IMGH_06421.jpg" height="237" width="320" /></a></div>
vention have been attained
by providing an inverter air conditioner comprising an ac/dc converter
for changing an ac power into a dc power; a dc/ac inverter for changing
the dc power into an ac power having a desired frequency and a desired
voltage to drive a compressor; compressor lock presumption means for
presuming whether a compressor lock occurs or not; frequency increasing
means for increasing an operational frequency to a value when it is
presumed that the compressor occurs, the value determined so that an
operational current value reaches an overcurrent detection level; and
lock protection means for making an overcurrent break to stop the
compressor when the operational current is detected by an overcurrent
detection circuit.<br />
The compressor lock presumption means presumes
the compressor lock based on an operational frequency and an inverter
input current value, or a adjustment voltage of an input voltage to,the
compressor, or an output signal from either one of a speed detector and a
position detector.<br />
In accordance with the inverter air
conditioner of the present invention, when an inverter input current is
higher in comparison with the operational frequency or when the
adjustment voltage of the compressor operational voltage is too high, or
when it is detected that the speed of an electric motor is zero or that
the rotational position of the electric motor does-not change, it is
presumed that the compressor is locked. When it is presumed that the
compressor is locked, the operational frequency is periodically
increased to a frequency level so that an overcurrent level can be
detected when the compressor is actually locked. In this manner, when
the compressor is mechanically locked, the lock protection can be done
without failure.<br />
As explained, the present invention can clear the
noise problem due to an unnecessary change in the operational
frequency, and realize a continuous operation at a low operational
frequency with safety ensured.<br />
<br />
In drawings: Figure 1 is a block
diagram of a controller for an inverter air conditioner according to a
first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2A is a flowchart of
the operation of the first embodiment; Figure 2B is a circuit diagram
which can carry out the steps of Figure 2A; Figure 3 is a graph showing
characteristics of the first embodiment Figure 4 is a block diagram of a
controller for an inverter air conditioner according to a second
embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5A is a flowchart of the
operation of the second embodiment; Figure 5B is a circuit diagram which
can carry out the steps of Figure 5A; Figure 6 is a graph showing
characteristics of the second embodiment; Figure 7 is a block diagram of
a controller for an inverter air conditioner according to a third
embodiment of the present invention;<br />
Figure 8 is a flowchart of
the operation of the third embodiment; Figure 9 is a flowchart of the
opration of the third embodiment; Figure 10 is a circuit diagram which
can carry out the steps of Figure 8 and 9; and Figure 11 is a block
diagram of a controller of a conventional inverter air conditioner.<br />
Now,
the present invention will be described in detail with reference to
preferred embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings.<br />
<br />
EMBODIMENT 1:<br />
Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown a block
diagram showing the inver<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>ter air conditioner according to a first
embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 1, reference numeral 4
designates a converter which is constituted by rectifier diodes and
electrolytic capacitors to convert commercial ac power into dc power.
Reference numeral 5 designates a shunt resistor which detects a current.
Reference numeral 6 designates an inverter which includes by switching
elements such as transistors. Reference numeral 7 designates a
compressor which includes an electric motor and a compression mechanism
to compress and circulate a refrigerant. Reference 20 designates an
outdoor controller. Reference numeral 21 designates an overcurrent
detecting circuit which determines whether the current flowing through
the shunt resistor 5 is an overcurrent or not.<br />
Reference numeral
23 designates an overcurrent breaking circuit which outputs a waveform
output inhibit signal when the overcurrent is detected. Reference
numeral 24 designates a waveform output circuit which outputs waveform
signals indicative of a required operational frequency and a required
voltage<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqy_fQfeGTmQap_KP9Gdq9cIBQj-EmR2jda57ePXmkRBpO-0bZn-lcIVBqlNPHTMApgKfv2Ny8pmptmhD3EuOPyUC0Xr3hOpED-rwusUJT3fUVf7t1A0AWFSfNqo7BKsDTqgp6GFHqIk-V/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqy_fQfeGTmQap_KP9Gdq9cIBQj-EmR2jda57ePXmkRBpO-0bZn-lcIVBqlNPHTMApgKfv2Ny8pmptmhD3EuOPyUC0Xr3hOpED-rwusUJT3fUVf7t1A0AWFSfNqo7BKsDTqgp6GFHqIk-V/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-1.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></div>
to the inverter 6. Reference numeral 26 designates an input
current detecting circuit which detects an input current. Reference
numeral 25 designates lock presumption means which presumes, based on
the operational frequency and the input current value, whether the
compressor is locked or not. Reference numeral 22 designates operational
frequency changing means which is triggered by an output from the
compressor lock presumption means 25 and periodically raises the
operational frequency.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNf5tFHC2P4Hn8_DweAmvxIrC1wQozrImsabOKHoh8MY4Fa1chAP6ahZKuM2FBOQ0znpM8vJBsT7kHx23dp2dauKTJPHcEcZYwhiNrZWs5Gf1bVveNJ4KnzkE-5ELQjKBvLGm8dfVZJ_fz/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNf5tFHC2P4Hn8_DweAmvxIrC1wQozrImsabOKHoh8MY4Fa1chAP6ahZKuM2FBOQ0znpM8vJBsT7kHx23dp2dauKTJPHcEcZYwhiNrZWs5Gf1bVveNJ4KnzkE-5ELQjKBvLGm8dfVZJ_fz/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-4.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
The operation of the first embodiment will
be explained. Referring now to Figure 3, there is shown the relationship
between the operational frequency and the input current. In Figure 3,
the area called "normal region" indicates states wherein the compressor
is normally rotating without being locked. The area called "lock
presumed region" indicates states wherein the compressor is mechanically
locked. The input current becomes greater in proportion to the
operational frequency, and the input current flows in an excessive
manner in a locking state compared to normal operation. This means that a
compressor lock can be presumed based on the operational frequency and
the input current. The input current detecting circuit does not have a
wide range of linearity, and the most accurate detection of the input
current is required in the vicinity of the maximum current.<br />
This
means that detection accuracy can not be expected at a low input. In
addition, there can be a case where even in the normal region the input
current in an overload operation is not very different from that in the
compressor lock.<br />
The operational limit current which is shown in
Figure 3 is a current value which is obtained when the operation is made
under the maximum load conditions (specifically, set at 35 DEG C inside
and at 43 DEG C outside in cooling) in an operation guarantee range.<br />
Due
to these matters, the compressor lock is not determined instantly from
the relation between the operational frequency and the input current but
the operational frequency is first raised. This prevents a stoppage due
to a misdetermination from occurring, thereby making compressor lock
determination more certain.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyod8xmOBmuayMSZ0dxLMsHxpX1d6YM8M-CdZbjouPTsovwmCKBIPc0d-SAxuluXBYdI8BcHo96FubEMN4wjwg2wnUOXBrhNrpEgRa4u5M2Tqe3yvigVwM-3EUlAUC7wG4ueefXJCthLxh/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyod8xmOBmuayMSZ0dxLMsHxpX1d6YM8M-CdZbjouPTsovwmCKBIPc0d-SAxuluXBYdI8BcHo96FubEMN4wjwg2wnUOXBrhNrpEgRa4u5M2Tqe3yvigVwM-3EUlAUC7wG4ueefXJCthLxh/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-2.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
The determination process will be
explained in reference to the flowchart of Figure 2A. First, an input
current value is read by the input current detecting circuit 26 (Step
101). Then, a limit current value which corresponds to an operational
frequency is read from the characteristic graph shown in Figure 3 (Step
102). Next, the input current value is compared to the limit current
value (Step 103). If the input current value is larger than the limit
current value, it is presumed that the compressor is locked, and the
operational frequency is raised (Step 104). Subsequently, it is
determined whether the input current value is one at which a overcurrent
break should be done (Step 105). If affirmative, it is determined that
the compressor mechanically locked, and the lock protection is made to
stop the operation (Step 106).<br />
The steps in the flowchart of the
first embodiment can be carried out by e.g. a circuit which is shown in
Figure 2B. The word "MCU" represents a main control unit, which
corresponds to the outdoor controller 20.<br />
<br />
<br />
EMBODIMENT 2:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLWyGEXYJ-qUC0iLoz6xnbsZny7yzwnHPOvNu6T-kDuqiz2VANLP9SoqK8M5NyCmXuJUWxZLH6cEgVMZyY33GfMhUjoUxqidK_yriYrg1KxxuooXtK2SFRup5orgDFpNvOIAVYZ7tc-iJ/s1600/IMGH_06419.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrJ2cX7JHMuYUkdKSrUZ9TQQ66ExL4aHbtd0vugTxxEUOmYA-gtWk-B5B62Cr0b-NgkHQQMNgQUci89WzN7qPHkXKzS-Okvv87UsO84qgednRNXUm_zUdBmZ1xIvb4oVmY_OG1GQLPflVc/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrJ2cX7JHMuYUkdKSrUZ9TQQ66ExL4aHbtd0vugTxxEUOmYA-gtWk-B5B62Cr0b-NgkHQQMNgQUci89WzN7qPHkXKzS-Okvv87UsO84qgednRNXUm_zUdBmZ1xIvb4oVmY_OG1GQLPflVc/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-5.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a>Referring
now to Figure 4, there is shown a block diagram showing the inverter air
conditioner according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
In Figure 4, reference numeral 24 designates a waveform output circuit
which outputs to an inverter 6 waveform signals indicative of a required
operational frequency and a required voltage, and which has a voltage
polarity signal added as an additional output. Reference numeral 29
designates a current polarity detecting circuit which detects the
polarity of a compressor current. Reference numeral 27 designates a
power factor detecting and voltage correction circuit which has been
disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 298993/1989.<br />
Reference
numeral 25 designates a compressor lock presumption means which
presumes, based on an operational frequency and a voltage correction
command value, whether a compressor is locked or not. Other elements are
similar to those of the first embodiment.<br />
The operation of the
second embodiment will be explained.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3xtopbHuv8SFWDQewlT2wUPphltZ-QnY7ay-6t2e5bwM6PKRCbOXO2A9kjXiA55vfXB7tEmHoGNqoknUt5HE3R5wJT0A60yIbuLmES3Ho1Jnen6yF6B-rTsIdFzOdhhhhCH-cO5FEtkL6/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3xtopbHuv8SFWDQewlT2wUPphltZ-QnY7ay-6t2e5bwM6PKRCbOXO2A9kjXiA55vfXB7tEmHoGNqoknUt5HE3R5wJT0A60yIbuLmES3Ho1Jnen6yF6B-rTsIdFzOdhhhhCH-cO5FEtkL6/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-8.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></div>
Referring now to Figure 6, there is
shown the relationship between a power factor, torque and a slip which
indicates a difference between an operational frequency and the actual
rotational frequency. In Figure 6, signs "high", "medium" and "low"
indicate applied voltages to the compressor. Figure 6 shows that the
compressor is in a locked state at the left edge, i.e. when the slip is
1. In a power factor control, when a power factor is high, the slip is
great as is well known, and an applied voltage is raised to increase a
torque, thereby optimizing the slip. This means that when the applied
voltage is corrected to the maximum, it can be presumed that the
compressor is locked.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeXdDmHPHZzn2q3v9I71shcH0t2kkr5Vn7z5-w9Q_Wy8B_mwgst7G1uybNrrkHzR8139Qjf3ZsSlpmt3i8oxgPcKJnrBCfzz6nLhYPBkyI9aHqNJi_ZoLAU-itGLSYGmxgxfcKQqfhOj3r/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeXdDmHPHZzn2q3v9I71shcH0t2kkr5Vn7z5-w9Q_Wy8B_mwgst7G1uybNrrkHzR8139Qjf3ZsSlpmt3i8oxgPcKJnrBCfzz6nLhYPBkyI9aHqNJi_ZoLAU-itGLSYGmxgxfcKQqfhOj3r/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-6.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
The compressor lock determination will be
explained in reference to the flowchart of Figure 5A. First, a power
factor value is read based on a phase difference between a voltage
polarity signal from the waveform output circuit 24 and a current
polarity signal from the current polarity detecting circuit 29 shown in
Figure 4 (Step 201). Then, the read power factor value is compared to a
reference power factor value (not shown) (Step 202). If the read power
factor value is lower than the reference power factor value, it is
determined that the applied voltage is too high, and a voltage
correction value is lowered (Step 203). If the read power factor value
is optimum, the present voltage correction is kept (Step 204). If the
power factor value is higher than the reference power factor value, a
voltage correction value is raised (Step 205).<br />
Next, it is
determined whether an operational frequency is low and a voltage
correction value is the maximum or not (Step 206). If affirmative, it is
presumed that the compressor is locked, and the operational frequency
is raised (Step 104). <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnGV7ScQTdNddnrkfxh9WEIO4UbPuAhtOMi9_86_lOCdBQ4Xq0PNA0Kkx3zWvSyW4qf1gBQaVLVJBEK166i8ucURCcwPSrzVhx769CbHl0maT3EeaGiizbw6pxfpumBJa-NfUebQWtqpDZ/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-9.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwzbro92yY3yZt5bKaXEqN6s_KE8a2dEji8f3iaBvBdvemTyOsusUhBMItAOO1RQsJZS9jqDqu5BSa6WWPLrNAcJrBbG8qotSwV9QvgKhUmWcEc1LbtywQQT_ntm5alWMcwo23r3div32n/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwzbro92yY3yZt5bKaXEqN6s_KE8a2dEji8f3iaBvBdvemTyOsusUhBMItAOO1RQsJZS9jqDqu5BSa6WWPLrNAcJrBbG8qotSwV9QvgKhUmWcEc1LbtywQQT_ntm5alWMcwo23r3div32n/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-7.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a><br />
Subsequently, it is determined whether overcurrent
breaking should be done or not (Step 105). If affirmative, it is
determined that the compressor is mechanically locked, and the lock
protection is made to stop the operation (Step 106).<br />
The steps in
the flowchart of the second embodiment can be carried out by e.g. a
circuit which is shown in Figure 5B.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnGV7ScQTdNddnrkfxh9WEIO4UbPuAhtOMi9_86_lOCdBQ4Xq0PNA0Kkx3zWvSyW4qf1gBQaVLVJBEK166i8ucURCcwPSrzVhx769CbHl0maT3EeaGiizbw6pxfpumBJa-NfUebQWtqpDZ/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-9.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnGV7ScQTdNddnrkfxh9WEIO4UbPuAhtOMi9_86_lOCdBQ4Xq0PNA0Kkx3zWvSyW4qf1gBQaVLVJBEK166i8ucURCcwPSrzVhx769CbHl0maT3EeaGiizbw6pxfpumBJa-NfUebQWtqpDZ/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-9.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></h5>
EMBODIMENT 3:Referring now
to Figure 7, there is shown a block diagram of the inverter air
conditioner according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In
Figure 7, reference numeral 28 designates a position detecting circuit,
or a rotational speed detecting circuit which detects a rotational
position, as have been disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent
Publication No. 45193/1991. Reference numeral 25 designates compressor
lock presumption means which presumes, based on an output from the
position detecting circuit or the rotational speed detecting circuit,
whether the compressor is locked or not. Other elements are similar
those of the first embodiment.<br />
The operation of the third
embodiment will be explained. In accordance with the third embodiment,
it is possible to presume a compressor lock easily by directly detecting
a position or speed of the compressor. If the compressor lock is
determined based on only a signal from the position or speed detecting
circuits to make overcurrent breaking, there is a possibility that lock
protection is activated to stop the operation during a circuit failure
as well. When the compression mechanism is driven by an induction motor
in the compressor, it is possible to drive the motor in practice even if
a position or speed can not be detected. It is possible to drive the
motor even at circuit failure by treating the result of position
detection or speed detection as being presumed.<br />
Raising an
operational frequency allows overcurrent protection to be effective even
if the compressor is mechanically locked, thereby ensuring safety.<br />
<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLhVF4d-jlEWGZdvZXRGtE5HxxiHtKX3mGcCrA_tfobjUXYCI9pZLySJ2kZIHsgNeu7-V6zGWv1B2TZZZtWVNFN6cgosvdozCPKctpECxpub0xIUnwip3by2-rjACklTQp3PTM13gYaRrB/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-10.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLhVF4d-jlEWGZdvZXRGtE5HxxiHtKX3mGcCrA_tfobjUXYCI9pZLySJ2kZIHsgNeu7-V6zGWv1B2TZZZtWVNFN6cgosvdozCPKctpECxpub0xIUnwip3by2-rjACklTQp3PTM13gYaRrB/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-10.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYMPLnZgFJ87VltzPtd7eN59Ou2X7nMtXPbxrrJY9ZJO7j_2pGmXwPAqVmd9mvt6NtqeOkAmq1J8UhWwsMvJD74Oi86INjw9H_Y65bUC-mJj1POOOCoWJia87NfFrEUJv1zlF2m59wzd-a/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYMPLnZgFJ87VltzPtd7eN59Ou2X7nMtXPbxrrJY9ZJO7j_2pGmXwPAqVmd9mvt6NtqeOkAmq1J8UhWwsMvJD74Oi86INjw9H_Y65bUC-mJj1POOOCoWJia87NfFrEUJv1zlF2m59wzd-a/s1600/MITSU-INVERTER-HVAC-11.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
The
process of a lock protection will be explained, in reference to the
flowcharts of Figures 8 and 9. First, based on a position or speed
signal from the position or speed detecting circuit 28 shown in Figure
7, it is presumed whether the compressor is locked or not, i.e. whether a
detected speed value is zero or not (Step 301), or whether a position
detecting signal changes or not (Step 302). If affirmative, the present
operational frequency is raised (Step 104). Next, it is determined
whether overcurrent breaking should be activated or not (Step 105). If
affirmative, it is determined that the compressor is mechanically
locked, and a lock protection is made to stop the operation (Step 106).<br />
The
steps in the third embodiment can be carried out by e.g. a circuit
which is shown in Figure 11. In Figure 11, reference numeral 7a
designates a rotor of the compressor 7, and reference numeral 7b
designates a magnet which is arranged at one end of the rotor. Reference
numeral 7c designates a hole IC which is used to detect a speed or a
position of the rotor in response to a magnetic force from the magnet
7b.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<b> </b><br />
</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzINWzcQYtbY7iF68dye9JjZD-d7UVVNHFKogDF-ezMwkEBs0lhBk5fkY6_d2ggDkte_SCJ3MZN2D3SI7KwOaNDU5dEIQHAwzhgNsw-ByZgg1Djq5J77Digz3EoFMzshaKliy3NxPufu7a/s1600/IMGH_06444.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzINWzcQYtbY7iF68dye9JjZD-d7UVVNHFKogDF-ezMwkEBs0lhBk5fkY6_d2ggDkte_SCJ3MZN2D3SI7KwOaNDU5dEIQHAwzhgNsw-ByZgg1Djq5J77Digz3EoFMzshaKliy3NxPufu7a/s1600/IMGH_06444.jpg" height="320" width="237" /></a></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="border-collapse: collapse;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>DC Fan Motor</b><br />
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
The fan of the outdoor unit is powered by a DC motor, featuring up to 60% greater efficiency than an equivalent AC motor.</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<b>Ultra Silent Outdoor Unit</b></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
Aside from the high-efficiency motor,
improvements to the fan blade design and the new grille shape make the
outdoor unit one of the quietest in the industry. Plus when outside
temperatures drop, the external unit reduces operating noise another
3dB(A) by switching to low-noise mode*</div>
</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzSRLrmWcuu6omHzIJ3JAsdvjA1v8SG22I_yl33_LqqoqjzLk1b9oZbKxJaMNWPm_sC8g4l5-hlQDGRiJJeBXSkRJs7oteuJUiSstIpcgx_aXlYcEUglK3SKXF08tC9xg-n0m9eY5H2QGy/s1600/IMGH_06429.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzSRLrmWcuu6omHzIJ3JAsdvjA1v8SG22I_yl33_LqqoqjzLk1b9oZbKxJaMNWPm_sC8g4l5-hlQDGRiJJeBXSkRJs7oteuJUiSstIpcgx_aXlYcEUglK3SKXF08tC9xg-n0m9eY5H2QGy/s1600/IMGH_06429.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-etkNpdCqMwlGC35uIhpJpwH5uISeTip7mYM0D5QR-RqsTRfmFXgNlyb3bdjC4FXTLslS1AsDXzFaH0Cpi_KKHFzdVofYoF_1udnDFgXxQVnWD6UMNVK5orWJjBYzASi63sgEXL5MVG_2/s1600/IMGH_06428.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
</span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBxSfbYcJJY22X6XcE-mhUbNCJBj0S0BGZ8Y3toOY-Z1CS5hz3iZwTvnVb5AUOdhqft3feBI51UiJnFBoTXkDVjUZ53twgzHVS1kcsAwpd8l89EVxXsXGJ4ZLurizRMSxD0H4NYi8GgV6q/s1600/IMGH_06440.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBxSfbYcJJY22X6XcE-mhUbNCJBj0S0BGZ8Y3toOY-Z1CS5hz3iZwTvnVb5AUOdhqft3feBI51UiJnFBoTXkDVjUZ53twgzHVS1kcsAwpd8l89EVxXsXGJ4ZLurizRMSxD0H4NYi8GgV6q/s1600/IMGH_06440.jpg" height="238" width="320" /></a></h5>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkTNjdLXGPC1jfnUds7syaU11n1LT0_VXWfxgV29C7rwKoZPSgSunJHbbxwLy3xQ0P7y-eHdXhlbCy2Z9OEinHiyH1xqJL2TzTXThruETlrIwX-qGSdudmv-E4itJorxd2tymIQ0vOGJ5Q/s1600/IMGH_06441.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkTNjdLXGPC1jfnUds7syaU11n1LT0_VXWfxgV29C7rwKoZPSgSunJHbbxwLy3xQ0P7y-eHdXhlbCy2Z9OEinHiyH1xqJL2TzTXThruETlrIwX-qGSdudmv-E4itJorxd2tymIQ0vOGJ5Q/s1600/IMGH_06441.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi7w5v2pD0anx_DOFgI4XYa0qZGXqWzaFGhWKeh-BAQoXm5mhPOhYMWSFzAG9ML7mE3UjEUsyFIVeBaLr2_i7KJ4EY9MdWwSk33xF5HqRiSh-e7KU3Suv5oSZAOWIsECXLQWiQCfRM7hyM/s1600/IMGH_06442.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi7w5v2pD0anx_DOFgI4XYa0qZGXqWzaFGhWKeh-BAQoXm5mhPOhYMWSFzAG9ML7mE3UjEUsyFIVeBaLr2_i7KJ4EY9MdWwSk33xF5HqRiSh-e7KU3Suv5oSZAOWIsECXLQWiQCfRM7hyM/s1600/IMGH_06442.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiisYAgX6BXiFiJcoWSn7w4ylvIih8RYxYcW5E79sXMrVKTbRk-w3wVKwNsxXgQ4II7eNpPAHCzX5UfWEBnJ28rQRT9wqzowX_If8A8UtaOgq6IZHrpsEs-M0HDTDwvXWKUN-MPka14_WQS/s1600/IMGH_06445.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiisYAgX6BXiFiJcoWSn7w4ylvIih8RYxYcW5E79sXMrVKTbRk-w3wVKwNsxXgQ4II7eNpPAHCzX5UfWEBnJ28rQRT9wqzowX_If8A8UtaOgq6IZHrpsEs-M0HDTDwvXWKUN-MPka14_WQS/s1600/IMGH_06445.jpg" height="237" width="320" /></a></div>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"> </span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvPuKJVz-r5znFeit1NrIgIEPgXadobM2CDpH-VnQ2Bu3VmMHmYa6BJS1cOKnR3UjI1Vn6PRUoKcAchjgarGkA6xBKH61CMKZxQ0zydHz7jV9aDbmFeRqh4d1eH9dnKJNzQrkD8hFgenWx/s1600/IMGH_06439.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvPuKJVz-r5znFeit1NrIgIEPgXadobM2CDpH-VnQ2Bu3VmMHmYa6BJS1cOKnR3UjI1Vn6PRUoKcAchjgarGkA6xBKH61CMKZxQ0zydHz7jV9aDbmFeRqh4d1eH9dnKJNzQrkD8hFgenWx/s1600/IMGH_06439.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx8Gxv7wPeLrg63ZN2sMcFkNDY73aKVmvvcqRf4xuQRm5b4DnR0bMtBzzdMmVKuwthYSY7UwmG-IatR21mB59aFdbWYQzv9EeQf42_W12PVtVeqTfbQmyhsa5QsoZL5Dfms7iC46ccLA8U/s1600/IMGH_06437.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx8Gxv7wPeLrg63ZN2sMcFkNDY73aKVmvvcqRf4xuQRm5b4DnR0bMtBzzdMmVKuwthYSY7UwmG-IatR21mB59aFdbWYQzv9EeQf42_W12PVtVeqTfbQmyhsa5QsoZL5Dfms7iC46ccLA8U/s1600/IMGH_06437.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"> <br /><b>
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC PKA-RP100KAL + MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC PUHZ-ZRP100VKA POWER INVERTER AIR CONDITIONER YEAR 2013.THE INSTALLATION SETUP:</b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh18L6Zzeelb_2dwQNGrWvWqakfMp2ruAiJZfB3LjNCX3MZWbE7Cu7MugiKPBKiyIhfNUWCd-zXNy7246m0-YXCoGXogLpasroM00B4XZnpxRKbl1-vZX1_wNOWoKO-dWSn4O0h5WlmZIu6/s1600/IMGH_06410.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh18L6Zzeelb_2dwQNGrWvWqakfMp2ruAiJZfB3LjNCX3MZWbE7Cu7MugiKPBKiyIhfNUWCd-zXNy7246m0-YXCoGXogLpasroM00B4XZnpxRKbl1-vZX1_wNOWoKO-dWSn4O0h5WlmZIu6/s1600/IMGH_06410.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggsQ7qirN94Pe0nw5TTEQmrUTDoUDiMYYFiD5PqMr-GgkIAcWhYoc5d2LWJpNydoQzUpZsIGW-1Mdh0KYnCJR2EKcRTjhAFecnpjYtD_iiyZhNTa9pamPnGff7PyscuuMiogzTzwHx_keE/s1600/IMGH_06414.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggsQ7qirN94Pe0nw5TTEQmrUTDoUDiMYYFiD5PqMr-GgkIAcWhYoc5d2LWJpNydoQzUpZsIGW-1Mdh0KYnCJR2EKcRTjhAFecnpjYtD_iiyZhNTa9pamPnGff7PyscuuMiogzTzwHx_keE/s1600/IMGH_06414.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl3HAKoZqqRh8tvaBqmj7iZZxGqTR7qs8rgQQtkz78n8HdbIzjdl1vM9gW5BRH8WB7PlXupMJeJYgZG0np8a8NUihm7Ug3kKE7oTDTdTuUVntACMKlCqVeO4ba8pEq6cTIF1f8QQxMjS-a/s1600/IMGH_06416.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl3HAKoZqqRh8tvaBqmj7iZZxGqTR7qs8rgQQtkz78n8HdbIzjdl1vM9gW5BRH8WB7PlXupMJeJYgZG0np8a8NUihm7Ug3kKE7oTDTdTuUVntACMKlCqVeO4ba8pEq6cTIF1f8QQxMjS-a/s1600/IMGH_06416.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdzQCG8zhmfsNI3s3AgWyQEBgfnT5EtsM9OA5pIUpPdj_1UOzl_Z4z4jdgxiELgSDY9_wn3NwyPmzaKV2ZGCu_mE30PIK3-g3IfyY3ks4Pee1X2pvJWc2VZszkf8fMLZkJvw7EUMS8_bo_/s1600/IMGH_06415.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdzQCG8zhmfsNI3s3AgWyQEBgfnT5EtsM9OA5pIUpPdj_1UOzl_Z4z4jdgxiELgSDY9_wn3NwyPmzaKV2ZGCu_mE30PIK3-g3IfyY3ks4Pee1X2pvJWc2VZszkf8fMLZkJvw7EUMS8_bo_/s1600/IMGH_06415.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgdjit4VTlvaDHc83SnAt59dNcIKvF8PueA_SA3mrga30M4_0UWu3DlEg8EMiy_4R1R1j6ScqZzVJ94jSpMKt2Iz8kvAy0Cw06KDx-lcTHPWQo5DTB7rVYXklOo8Ny_WGrSBdqw57TlJKz/s1600/IMGH_06417.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgdjit4VTlvaDHc83SnAt59dNcIKvF8PueA_SA3mrga30M4_0UWu3DlEg8EMiy_4R1R1j6ScqZzVJ94jSpMKt2Iz8kvAy0Cw06KDx-lcTHPWQo5DTB7rVYXklOo8Ny_WGrSBdqw57TlJKz/s1600/IMGH_06417.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiowiyUBi7q224537RqUGfQ6-7K_6VeIDAb6CzWK_KSF29hyVg4AkLuogmApfEoLMp4runNWBGmJZmB4b51B17VQBry8P2EcnX4zr_-XPFHsRisEASpHk7-cRJhnnj8pWJRQREtU_ZMd8Gw/s1600/IMGH_06418.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiowiyUBi7q224537RqUGfQ6-7K_6VeIDAb6CzWK_KSF29hyVg4AkLuogmApfEoLMp4runNWBGmJZmB4b51B17VQBry8P2EcnX4zr_-XPFHsRisEASpHk7-cRJhnnj8pWJRQREtU_ZMd8Gw/s1600/IMGH_06418.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUEXt-lniOA3QCDYlbNEt3qucbyMoQE2zEp3uZtLrdpQdgoMfHUJ2P8yxGHCrL1lTdgmjvPUXWTLxl6FIzXY02321cQuXHXgcbc2xRsHcX_ZN561Zx9War37rUafqOBGF77cZE-ldnvwRM/s1600/IMGH_06411.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUEXt-lniOA3QCDYlbNEt3qucbyMoQE2zEp3uZtLrdpQdgoMfHUJ2P8yxGHCrL1lTdgmjvPUXWTLxl6FIzXY02321cQuXHXgcbc2xRsHcX_ZN561Zx9War37rUafqOBGF77cZE-ldnvwRM/s1600/IMGH_06411.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfZZ0rtC4qmJdmEMPh1Z8j6o5QxKyujfQouzFqLbhrHY5CUIuq5nPAlJfCW6qLcIP_oZjsaX8pWsgkTMNean3tJzcSc_Pwn8ppKzvbKeu7T0aSC7Ojd0xkt8orXLLD2yWTvBH35Tl_95Kb/s1600/IMGH_06412.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfZZ0rtC4qmJdmEMPh1Z8j6o5QxKyujfQouzFqLbhrHY5CUIuq5nPAlJfCW6qLcIP_oZjsaX8pWsgkTMNean3tJzcSc_Pwn8ppKzvbKeu7T0aSC7Ojd0xkt8orXLLD2yWTvBH35Tl_95Kb/s1600/IMGH_06412.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVwRMG1v1YOasmIQ9C1aewAviyRohTd59LlwWVZO1v_AGfYLGCDLK6zi_ZfWL2163yGBdXPBvxsptX-VwV_jlIaXjpE_lsUZ-tKOjeD4Ckq-d7_tSe9jKOiGIHD6LVU38UIt9LQsEP0IqE/s1600/IMGH_06413.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVwRMG1v1YOasmIQ9C1aewAviyRohTd59LlwWVZO1v_AGfYLGCDLK6zi_ZfWL2163yGBdXPBvxsptX-VwV_jlIaXjpE_lsUZ-tKOjeD4Ckq-d7_tSe9jKOiGIHD6LVU38UIt9LQsEP0IqE/s1600/IMGH_06413.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEickI2s9YlGt70aV8UgiKc0rooexf17l-1p9KbG1mSJarpv9GH7Q46ulLAubCdd9NbT3zzP7bNbawcPQDIWPNhy8cK4-9Tzv9MBZ1lSlqlQ0SBT0E4FAKG4vTvrcCMU4SZrpgW287aO1WGe/s1600/IMGH_06430.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEickI2s9YlGt70aV8UgiKc0rooexf17l-1p9KbG1mSJarpv9GH7Q46ulLAubCdd9NbT3zzP7bNbawcPQDIWPNhy8cK4-9Tzv9MBZ1lSlqlQ0SBT0E4FAKG4vTvrcCMU4SZrpgW287aO1WGe/s1600/IMGH_06430.jpg" height="238" width="320" /></a></div>
</span></span></h5>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHWEvJlAEr1HOGDdRJxE0mX9S6OJlc7Al-Pv_mLlGcjGsKUVG_hh6GGnIB0_Gmwr73ibG2qQX0G7ii7eBCTLgYmd_MUbLfY9P8lL6GtY34ikJtrNWPveNRqnywDuRvTxJoH3zrnWbYcbbA/s1600/IMGH_06443.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHWEvJlAEr1HOGDdRJxE0mX9S6OJlc7Al-Pv_mLlGcjGsKUVG_hh6GGnIB0_Gmwr73ibG2qQX0G7ii7eBCTLgYmd_MUbLfY9P8lL6GtY34ikJtrNWPveNRqnywDuRvTxJoH3zrnWbYcbbA/s1600/IMGH_06443.jpg" height="237" width="320" /></a></div>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
</h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
</span></span></h5>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFQcSRKK9cEqSmgJ8QDNg1NNOkcIJneSVBDcOZoZCP5cUu4Wl95S2lyLx15Rbwa8_bXsDxceJWcIguukO0UjiGKt9D4WOpO4lZULIwKUEdGl6GFrptLo4EtLN8UPFZgbkdb6WTw8la0r7J/s1600/IMGH_08058__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFQcSRKK9cEqSmgJ8QDNg1NNOkcIJneSVBDcOZoZCP5cUu4Wl95S2lyLx15Rbwa8_bXsDxceJWcIguukO0UjiGKt9D4WOpO4lZULIwKUEdGl6GFrptLo4EtLN8UPFZgbkdb6WTw8la0r7J/s1600/IMGH_08058__F12M.JPG" height="400" width="300" /></a>
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';">MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC MR.SLIM & ....................ROTTWEILLER:</span></span></blockquote>
(Outdoor almost 39°C, with high damp level over 70%....and full sun..............indoor 24°C with 46% damp level............) <br />
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><br /></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';">Note: Cartoon sheets were placed for some works now ended.</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><br /></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><br /></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><br /></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><br /></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><br /></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><br /></span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"> NOW FUCK YOU OIL !!!!</span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"><u><b> BELIEVE IN THE POWER OF REFRIGERATOR TECHNOLOGY.</b></u></span></span></h5>
</blockquote>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"> </span></span></h5>
<h5 class="uiStreamMessage userContentWrapper" data-ft="{"type":1,"tn":"K"}">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'arial';"></span></span></h5>
<!-- Blogger automated replacement: "https://images-blogger-opensocial.googleusercontent.com/gadgets/proxy?url=http%3A%2F%2F4.bp.blogspot.com%2F-cnniau338lo%2FUmBQprEc9HI%2FAAAAAAAATmQ%2F-oY88Gu7z8E%2Fs1600%2FIMGH_06420.jpg&container=blogger&gadget=a&rewriteMime=image%2F*" with "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGBZd5xMgo7EveU10RylU5wpzqMEeweTT4BUzuheflmuBnEDQHLXYGVNiViP5coPi7n91iUoBBzEJop1sScPX7hHCTLmygwAOcmtJxf5DrKhjtfD7OhV_-VRr8G10_S3RDOJ01Ic8mVJqK/s1600/IMGH_06420.jpg" -->FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-18582735575398064382012-09-10T18:00:00.000-07:002014-05-14T11:38:43.200-07:00PHILIPS (IGNIS) HN2126 YEAR 1965.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiruTFY1DmVWh381Vxtdt8auk3K5d9-FX1SHYv0qfILommp-1j2JQep9hJY9A490brIXgbErX8LUDq5K4UFSTzrN-J0j62CQVnoFgvjllXIbBo5wh7reiqnVOLdX8LyF_GwSBR2ji-7RfH1/s1600/IMGH_06283.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiruTFY1DmVWh381Vxtdt8auk3K5d9-FX1SHYv0qfILommp-1j2JQep9hJY9A490brIXgbErX8LUDq5K4UFSTzrN-J0j62CQVnoFgvjllXIbBo5wh7reiqnVOLdX8LyF_GwSBR2ji-7RfH1/s1600/IMGH_06283.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP2AL0nqH7jQMU8IiGO3new6dZpX2M_sM_HIVIPOP2n8y61yd-HeAgboqPoiETI0KV8hZdMaaFw57ZUrQ6_nyxTkls9F-M9faDg33oSySfYYi2NDPzln_UQET4M3eCYa5_Ev_KxUR6iEFA/s1600/IMGH_06284.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP2AL0nqH7jQMU8IiGO3new6dZpX2M_sM_HIVIPOP2n8y61yd-HeAgboqPoiETI0KV8hZdMaaFw57ZUrQ6_nyxTkls9F-M9faDg33oSySfYYi2NDPzln_UQET4M3eCYa5_Ev_KxUR6iEFA/s1600/IMGH_06284.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqwUKZOTMOCrci-sH4P0TZ4FGJh3Gh3dMZGkVn5K2r3-hdBpMDWkF_QQZzxT8-7YgqTK9WMbX1tfXzeXHk9EFoWlA1FAQvkzNoQK2PqYdzdSZ8e3oFRy8YXKY242UCROlZ6ccNVWy_OBiX/s1600/IMGH_06285.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqwUKZOTMOCrci-sH4P0TZ4FGJh3Gh3dMZGkVn5K2r3-hdBpMDWkF_QQZzxT8-7YgqTK9WMbX1tfXzeXHk9EFoWlA1FAQvkzNoQK2PqYdzdSZ8e3oFRy8YXKY242UCROlZ6ccNVWy_OBiX/s1600/IMGH_06285.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuPdt6BpQNTBqoUwwh-YVSg8wzAChoZ98yeZlMTSY0zrZbyGWV3TEM2QOiPN2_3g8MRi-Z5k3QnsSPMyDPBIHrkRVRngWGKp-Rwl2iBW2DwJ4i9YERxSL6db5H5u7ZXfkGTRMZRJyYr8k0/s1600/IMGH_06286.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuPdt6BpQNTBqoUwwh-YVSg8wzAChoZ98yeZlMTSY0zrZbyGWV3TEM2QOiPN2_3g8MRi-Z5k3QnsSPMyDPBIHrkRVRngWGKp-Rwl2iBW2DwJ4i9YERxSL6db5H5u7ZXfkGTRMZRJyYr8k0/s1600/IMGH_06286.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwoQDsdWFVD_6O6HM7TwLAYTei-gfrEDpNd47Jt-bvFgbLNQV5H4e4e0bDAQRy3UrNO9wDocQ-9PuBAfmFx7DMONjGGcWbL0QjUgBRdE2P0uUHedfrAisaW7GMIUGgCMVUqPYVjSn0Yeg4/s1600/IMGH_06287.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwoQDsdWFVD_6O6HM7TwLAYTei-gfrEDpNd47Jt-bvFgbLNQV5H4e4e0bDAQRy3UrNO9wDocQ-9PuBAfmFx7DMONjGGcWbL0QjUgBRdE2P0uUHedfrAisaW7GMIUGgCMVUqPYVjSn0Yeg4/s1600/IMGH_06287.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3gr70ME1d2REhyphenhyphen_GTW5KbPjvi5Or1Q49OetXa3LTUDMxjxQ4_2WZAEmP99Q5uXy1bJYrzc8KgOise_DDL_NNXWQitFE2JS38yB6Cki6MvaX4uxpjoxj0uzzPTFfBPoqWPBC2olPGBR3cA/s1600/IMGH_06288.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3gr70ME1d2REhyphenhyphen_GTW5KbPjvi5Or1Q49OetXa3LTUDMxjxQ4_2WZAEmP99Q5uXy1bJYrzc8KgOise_DDL_NNXWQitFE2JS38yB6Cki6MvaX4uxpjoxj0uzzPTFfBPoqWPBC2olPGBR3cA/s1600/IMGH_06288.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji7VmYt3WTTKcZE-oBLoIIDL8uLkGLwOGk-XmKWZ3JCWAuOxQBnhyphenhyphen9BbbDC34sKPpdsXcYn1jgvGXW4ukH9sotsr4VEaJ-fJfw3yu0XlfRUmTQi5iXvBqZ9LqHkGLpeuTN1sK-Oe3SyvLi/s1600/IMGH_06290.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji7VmYt3WTTKcZE-oBLoIIDL8uLkGLwOGk-XmKWZ3JCWAuOxQBnhyphenhyphen9BbbDC34sKPpdsXcYn1jgvGXW4ukH9sotsr4VEaJ-fJfw3yu0XlfRUmTQi5iXvBqZ9LqHkGLpeuTN1sK-Oe3SyvLi/s1600/IMGH_06290.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<span id="goog_1658719747"></span><span id="goog_1658719748"></span><span id="goog_216440091"></span><span id="goog_216440092"></span><br />
<span id="goog_1658719747"></span><span id="goog_1658719748"></span><span id="goog_216440091"></span><span id="goog_216440092"></span><br />
The PHILIPS (IGNIS) HN2126 was just scrapped by owner in the way as pictured, and in full perfect working order. I haven't cleaned or didn't anything.<br />
<br />
It's a <u>nice </u>fridge PHILIPS branded but it's fabricated at the extint Italian<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMQC-0c4BF4GNjaLwjnCIgCQgN-1jGGHrwTRYz_aQ-OgBUzHoNWO7E6LrPnanIx3I9iYxf9ZuGOfx-7tWmm2H0mQiEmSCgh3TAiMdq7HVg_lELWDqWs992AaqkMFDGAT6jlJSq1l05gGO0/s1600/IGNIS-60s-ADV__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMQC-0c4BF4GNjaLwjnCIgCQgN-1jGGHrwTRYz_aQ-OgBUzHoNWO7E6LrPnanIx3I9iYxf9ZuGOfx-7tWmm2H0mQiEmSCgh3TAiMdq7HVg_lELWDqWs992AaqkMFDGAT6jlJSq1l05gGO0/s1600/IGNIS-60s-ADV__F12M.jpg" height="143" width="200" /></a> IGNIS factory in the 60's.<br />
<br />
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The PHILIPS (IGNIS) HN2126 was first IGNIS refrigerator series fitted with polyurethane insulation system.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> G.Borghi, IGNIS founder, was first Italian Appliances industry manager who discovered this insulation technology applied to fridge with the scope to obtain a smaller fridge cabinet without affecting the volumes of internal capacity. </span></div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Furthemore He did a very smart reconsideration of his fridge prices combining capacity measures and final prices toghether.</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
It has excellent performance, it cools fast and deep in 30 minutes from initial warm state and it's super silent.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Many contemporary appliances <u>would not </u>have this level of staying
power, many would ware out or require major services within just five
years or less and of course, there is that perennial bug bear of
planned obsolescence where components our deliberately <u>designed to
fail or manufactured with limited edition specificities</u>..............................</span></blockquote>
<br />
It's very heavy because it has completely metal structure both external and internal (Enamel steel sheet) and is <u>first PHILIPS / IGNIS refrigerator with a Polyurethane foam Insulation </u>introduced by IGNIS first time instead of the classic <span style="font-size: small;">hand-filled with mineral wood</span>.<br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>It's interesting how a fully functional nice refrigerator has served the first owner every day for almost 50 years without any issue and without saying a word. Then scrapped for.........What ??? </i></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>This PHILIPS (IGNIS) HN2126 here in collection is ways more efficient and NICE than any modern cellular phone look fake expensive refrigerator ass crap build with eventually pentane crap insulation and with coils and other many things wich are self degrading to leak lets say in 3 / 5 yrs................And they're sold as...............................A++++++++.................!!!!!!!</i></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<b>Compressor Aspera Frigo (lic Tecumseh) AE12Z7 (12-211) 90W 72CAL/H INTERNAL VIEW:</b><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMxzjlbG7K9Ni3mu8e89NDNmVLcfxofzK6DmhdMpipXNCqReTJUl-FalWpZdrHJ6j2EH5qma1NnqSnlH3C0TgKioFa2zfO5gGaT5qC2UHPNKNWCYi0sJ9bPiWp6t-HPlymd9tISF6zjo/s1600/IMGH_07113__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMxzjlbG7K9Ni3mu8e89NDNmVLcfxofzK6DmhdMpipXNCqReTJUl-FalWpZdrHJ6j2EH5qma1NnqSnlH3C0TgKioFa2zfO5gGaT5qC2UHPNKNWCYi0sJ9bPiWp6t-HPlymd9tISF6zjo/s1600/IMGH_07113__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtFUFNYjEtK0fGV0EpUQ-LZF-viCHCMhBh7_xfkS3HA_Im1bZ7KHRRTF7bjuMI5hyKQYUjN83qgGYAK1SQbxBkFaTgUFGRLJc2sY8eQj1ndvq1kzVSx5BnN6FumG41Uiyl0J8OEVmr9RY/s1600/IMGH_07114__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtFUFNYjEtK0fGV0EpUQ-LZF-viCHCMhBh7_xfkS3HA_Im1bZ7KHRRTF7bjuMI5hyKQYUjN83qgGYAK1SQbxBkFaTgUFGRLJc2sY8eQj1ndvq1kzVSx5BnN6FumG41Uiyl0J8OEVmr9RY/s1600/IMGH_07114__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Tq7Q4DiEgpe5UbvZ_VrPxafUAzrZqVbvbIkP4F-0yYYADcRpAFHyYUdpuewWPIxYKTlWRVR1ySxvMpZGRkhyphenhyphenu9A9QgYYCmFKwLce2WwMlrn70rkg_ziKR3rLrReZp4qim4QjQ_YBsFo/s1600/IMGH_07115__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Tq7Q4DiEgpe5UbvZ_VrPxafUAzrZqVbvbIkP4F-0yYYADcRpAFHyYUdpuewWPIxYKTlWRVR1ySxvMpZGRkhyphenhyphenu9A9QgYYCmFKwLce2WwMlrn70rkg_ziKR3rLrReZp4qim4QjQ_YBsFo/s1600/IMGH_07115__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw67BBUQQhk8vYsWyiE6gaz_jR640P8pb-geNKDZy87Y_cdtFUTriB58R87gm5e6DHTvV52IjGw_q-jZTmCKUYcdDu4FlYU0WF-CIhACKzaKs7-Nk1-WFOrnqf-AHPHk64UbD0npbkT4Y/s1600/IMGH_07116__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw67BBUQQhk8vYsWyiE6gaz_jR640P8pb-geNKDZy87Y_cdtFUTriB58R87gm5e6DHTvV52IjGw_q-jZTmCKUYcdDu4FlYU0WF-CIhACKzaKs7-Nk1-WFOrnqf-AHPHk64UbD0npbkT4Y/s1600/IMGH_07116__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgODHYpvbYELKtrqy9jj8ikjfWKnSb1VfM5E6cUA9A4zFgKh0EMgrGzoNpIBw3awytw8J4bMPnhtu_VxKV-qN6GIuMDvkDF-cyNxKjuAAshXq7wHn82aeRlrHlb3f2Jg02z2u7k8bP399I/s1600/IMGH_07117__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgODHYpvbYELKtrqy9jj8ikjfWKnSb1VfM5E6cUA9A4zFgKh0EMgrGzoNpIBw3awytw8J4bMPnhtu_VxKV-qN6GIuMDvkDF-cyNxKjuAAshXq7wHn82aeRlrHlb3f2Jg02z2u7k8bP399I/s1600/IMGH_07117__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-7qsqQVSKJ3E71yyOKPcsv22hvPyUkGIpNAbzez01ftmiQAUPlWUZ8-7Ler1QVi4oC3PgOVTWl8aKnKAV6j5MhyphenhyphenIY7U1RV3oKgZ4I4DOLvNxrpOLQrsbV5cIcKVqOzYBZ3JIj2-2DrVI/s1600/IMGH_07118__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-7qsqQVSKJ3E71yyOKPcsv22hvPyUkGIpNAbzez01ftmiQAUPlWUZ8-7Ler1QVi4oC3PgOVTWl8aKnKAV6j5MhyphenhyphenIY7U1RV3oKgZ4I4DOLvNxrpOLQrsbV5cIcKVqOzYBZ3JIj2-2DrVI/s1600/IMGH_07118__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vkevYwKB8RHhyVlc82TLksiadLwVnOHa-bin1SOitiVkKwWfmGFo1VnmObSXYmepdu3EMH1l6Wp7FGGhatDBeauR6_T46eYLSYQXx1MUOTWBAzdS_pgCUA45GqT48Aofn5JH-r2Jrmk/s1600/IMGH_07119__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vkevYwKB8RHhyVlc82TLksiadLwVnOHa-bin1SOitiVkKwWfmGFo1VnmObSXYmepdu3EMH1l6Wp7FGGhatDBeauR6_T46eYLSYQXx1MUOTWBAzdS_pgCUA45GqT48Aofn5JH-r2Jrmk/s1600/IMGH_07119__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmv4-vdMXzt8xS6cCe8t-f_WT8V3pn5gKrhi3XUJ-nMMBTwhubhRTrhZahsd-lGoahU-HV_6_4inSC-h6yFi6f6EsVayTahN5ECKaW-6Vw04MKnXr1Xq4EPmcTAdPXCvwJcEasTKLQZJk/s1600/IMGH_07120__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmv4-vdMXzt8xS6cCe8t-f_WT8V3pn5gKrhi3XUJ-nMMBTwhubhRTrhZahsd-lGoahU-HV_6_4inSC-h6yFi6f6EsVayTahN5ECKaW-6Vw04MKnXr1Xq4EPmcTAdPXCvwJcEasTKLQZJk/s1600/IMGH_07120__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBsmG2WqwD0IjTHDVyfVcC-YpFP7fOSXVoFya1Kwwfj_c89SqMI6kal8XRp5GEuozmhagyHJxSBOurMYJlMCRZ_Y6mUrOn7LcHviN98gAazamMOut6soe6tFlV3Gv-J-j46IZvGdK02jw/s1600/IMGH_07122__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBsmG2WqwD0IjTHDVyfVcC-YpFP7fOSXVoFya1Kwwfj_c89SqMI6kal8XRp5GEuozmhagyHJxSBOurMYJlMCRZ_Y6mUrOn7LcHviN98gAazamMOut6soe6tFlV3Gv-J-j46IZvGdK02jw/s1600/IMGH_07122__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL6qzVtrPtkYU1EVFaEWurJDod3XQb1hnci2k0c2aQhxzbOBV7BbPzEtuDQYycRi1syAHyQLlXU3YK3yhK7kguZCufu_wslLBw49XXEAZXMyDjowr7dGbXK1hCXBZa6mb5hH-k_Da6cHU/s1600/IMGH_07121__F12M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL6qzVtrPtkYU1EVFaEWurJDod3XQb1hnci2k0c2aQhxzbOBV7BbPzEtuDQYycRi1syAHyQLlXU3YK3yhK7kguZCufu_wslLBw49XXEAZXMyDjowr7dGbXK1hCXBZa6mb5hH-k_Da6cHU/s1600/IMGH_07121__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Compressor Aspera Frigo (lic Tecumseh) AE12Z7 (12-211) 90W 72CAL/H</b><span style="font-size: small;"><b> HERMETIC COMPRESSOR </b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Lubrication of sealed compressor: </b></span></div>
<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-7qsqQVSKJ3E71yyOKPcsv22hvPyUkGIpNAbzez01ftmiQAUPlWUZ8-7Ler1QVi4oC3PgOVTWl8aKnKAV6j5MhyphenhyphenIY7U1RV3oKgZ4I4DOLvNxrpOLQrsbV5cIcKVqOzYBZ3JIj2-2DrVI/s1600/IMGH_07118__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-7qsqQVSKJ3E71yyOKPcsv22hvPyUkGIpNAbzez01ftmiQAUPlWUZ8-7Ler1QVi4oC3PgOVTWl8aKnKAV6j5MhyphenhyphenIY7U1RV3oKgZ4I4DOLvNxrpOLQrsbV5cIcKVqOzYBZ3JIj2-2DrVI/s1600/IMGH_07118__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4bC5-YvjyIFfNRwQfkpuCgATPtgPIkbKNUPHSni3CPSx2YhRjPaCTfjX_3QpwEim2ECte6E6pWdUxskMG9PQnbZwAYX3j7GjqTomiXYHBAh8cpBKX1oSdihDWXjZkBgCuZQApmPwdwk-Q/s1600/IMGH_07110__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>Improved lubrication of sealed compressors having a crankshaft provided
with a longitudinal interior duct and a tubular member coupled to a
lower end of the interior duct and having a substantially cylindrical
upper section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil. An upper end of the internal lubrication duct ends in a
first substantially conical section and a second substantially
cylindrical section of variable contour depending upon the profile of
the upper end of the crankshaft. A spring may also be situated inside of
the tubular member. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBsmG2WqwD0IjTHDVyfVcC-YpFP7fOSXVoFya1Kwwfj_c89SqMI6kal8XRp5GEuozmhagyHJxSBOurMYJlMCRZ_Y6mUrOn7LcHviN98gAazamMOut6soe6tFlV3Gv-J-j46IZvGdK02jw/s1600/IMGH_07122__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBsmG2WqwD0IjTHDVyfVcC-YpFP7fOSXVoFya1Kwwfj_c89SqMI6kal8XRp5GEuozmhagyHJxSBOurMYJlMCRZ_Y6mUrOn7LcHviN98gAazamMOut6soe6tFlV3Gv-J-j46IZvGdK02jw/s1600/IMGH_07122__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUjEYARQ1_An4JGTVpyErQdSQDEv1Bn5tzl_nQgWE0xapNQzl1TRLNWQhUfrawYB2lGX-3jMC7mKtAxYnehyphenhyphenYNpsJwnCMtoavP6722ZQuQqdIcsQcTptBT30kceuHG4IOkbdtriwQNypDz/s1600/IMGH_07111__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>1. In a sealed
compressor including a sealed casing in which an alternating
motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the assembly including a
vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a longitudinal interior
lubrication duct communicating with points on an exterior surface of the
crankshaft and with an upper end of the same eccentrically to the axis
of rotation thereof, said assembly also including a tubular member
coupled to a lower end of said interior duct of the crankshaft and
comprising a substantially cylindrical upper section and a substantially
conical lower section adapted to be submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first
substantially conical section and a second substantially cylindrical
section of variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of
the crankshaft, and <br />
the profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft cutting the duct at a transition point between the second
substantially cylindrical section of variable contour and the first
substantially conical section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0j_RUXC952uVMgTXn0MvAA8-i8SwZEAuvxSIbN_ArgYVz4mEaJziWFM33xLX-vJ0hb0f1dgzy99v3udbXSG-Lpwxo0pKBee55dUC7FBS_F25ZcPXpPSD7kciWMpwBHdsJAVw_hBZOLsmL/s1600/IMGH_07099__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>2. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of a
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
formed as a closed loop ending with a lower leg extending towards the
lower substantially conical portion of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vkevYwKB8RHhyVlc82TLksiadLwVnOHa-bin1SOitiVkKwWfmGFo1VnmObSXYmepdu3EMH1l6Wp7FGGhatDBeauR6_T46eYLSYQXx1MUOTWBAzdS_pgCUA45GqT48Aofn5JH-r2Jrmk/s1600/IMGH_07119__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vkevYwKB8RHhyVlc82TLksiadLwVnOHa-bin1SOitiVkKwWfmGFo1VnmObSXYmepdu3EMH1l6Wp7FGGhatDBeauR6_T46eYLSYQXx1MUOTWBAzdS_pgCUA45GqT48Aofn5JH-r2Jrmk/s1600/IMGH_07119__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV1Ye88gZQvWzaKdbqMLIa-8Ny13me3ydg0IbvFkM4wYV9rpjsFfwGYdQi59G9anYRm7DAZP0Nq-X81SEEadBg1OMq54QfAm6TUSqyvK13SF6D4FqfYA3s4xGwPqfSIf0UC2ujSzaEsZMB/s1600/IMGH_07106__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>3. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on a
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped as a substantially inverted U with two arms and bent according to
a profile of the lower conical section of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMxzjlbG7K9Ni3mu8e89NDNmVLcfxofzK6DmhdMpipXNCqReTJUl-FalWpZdrHJ6j2EH5qma1NnqSnlH3C0TgKioFa2zfO5gGaT5qC2UHPNKNWCYi0sJ9bPiWp6t-HPlymd9tISF6zjo/s1600/IMGH_07113__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMxzjlbG7K9Ni3mu8e89NDNmVLcfxofzK6DmhdMpipXNCqReTJUl-FalWpZdrHJ6j2EH5qma1NnqSnlH3C0TgKioFa2zfO5gGaT5qC2UHPNKNWCYi0sJ9bPiWp6t-HPlymd9tISF6zjo/s1600/IMGH_07113__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMJ-dGpXCW-tbuE9wobeSPEknk3X4fQVulwQ5usGd7tpFarovQnkBeOz3gxaWlIiLWj8W5VT3jgVUgYywdvYPjgsiBW96ve1UWt4gNOFvAtM7kgdWRLM7C007-T4n6rP312vJ9aeia1N5N/s1600/IMGH_07102__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>4. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, and <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped substantially as a U with upper free ends joined together and a
lower end shaped according to a profile of the lower conical section of
the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL6qzVtrPtkYU1EVFaEWurJDod3XQb1hnci2k0c2aQhxzbOBV7BbPzEtuDQYycRi1syAHyQLlXU3YK3yhK7kguZCufu_wslLBw49XXEAZXMyDjowr7dGbXK1hCXBZa6mb5hH-k_Da6cHU/s1600/IMGH_07121__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL6qzVtrPtkYU1EVFaEWurJDod3XQb1hnci2k0c2aQhxzbOBV7BbPzEtuDQYycRi1syAHyQLlXU3YK3yhK7kguZCufu_wslLBw49XXEAZXMyDjowr7dGbXK1hCXBZa6mb5hH-k_Da6cHU/s1600/IMGH_07121__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJAirjtwfKorVJQWpN604YmXkKTek80LuAuaaoyukAHA6xUFqqAd8I-fMXnUklC5crqQRm0j4IxXpY64ppFIE7PkSl6J_IiGrBhZYGER4eWLv8blz2eKajD5JlhzolTKndklHEQXeMChvz/s1600/IMGH_07109__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>5. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
formed as a closed loop ending with a lower leg extending towards the
lower substantially conical portion of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmv4-vdMXzt8xS6cCe8t-f_WT8V3pn5gKrhi3XUJ-nMMBTwhubhRTrhZahsd-lGoahU-HV_6_4inSC-h6yFi6f6EsVayTahN5ECKaW-6Vw04MKnXr1Xq4EPmcTAdPXCvwJcEasTKLQZJk/s1600/IMGH_07120__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmv4-vdMXzt8xS6cCe8t-f_WT8V3pn5gKrhi3XUJ-nMMBTwhubhRTrhZahsd-lGoahU-HV_6_4inSC-h6yFi6f6EsVayTahN5ECKaW-6Vw04MKnXr1Xq4EPmcTAdPXCvwJcEasTKLQZJk/s1600/IMGH_07120__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4bC5-YvjyIFfNRwQfkpuCgATPtgPIkbKNUPHSni3CPSx2YhRjPaCTfjX_3QpwEim2ECte6E6pWdUxskMG9PQnbZwAYX3j7GjqTomiXYHBAh8cpBKX1oSdihDWXjZkBgCuZQApmPwdwk-Q/s1600/IMGH_07110__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>6. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-drive compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped as a substantially inverted U with two arms bent according to a
profile of the lower conical section of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
7. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof. the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped substantially as a U with upper free ends joined together and a
lower end shaped according to a profile of the lower conical section of
the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMxzjlbG7K9Ni3mu8e89NDNmVLcfxofzK6DmhdMpipXNCqReTJUl-FalWpZdrHJ6j2EH5qma1NnqSnlH3C0TgKioFa2zfO5gGaT5qC2UHPNKNWCYi0sJ9bPiWp6t-HPlymd9tISF6zjo/s1600/IMGH_07113__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMxzjlbG7K9Ni3mu8e89NDNmVLcfxofzK6DmhdMpipXNCqReTJUl-FalWpZdrHJ6j2EH5qma1NnqSnlH3C0TgKioFa2zfO5gGaT5qC2UHPNKNWCYi0sJ9bPiWp6t-HPlymd9tISF6zjo/s1600/IMGH_07113__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMJ-dGpXCW-tbuE9wobeSPEknk3X4fQVulwQ5usGd7tpFarovQnkBeOz3gxaWlIiLWj8W5VT3jgVUgYywdvYPjgsiBW96ve1UWt4gNOFvAtM7kgdWRLM7C007-T4n6rP312vJ9aeia1N5N/s1600/IMGH_07102__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>The present invention relates to improvements in the lubrication system of sealed compressors for cooling fluids. <br />
Sealed
compressors for cooling fluids are known which include a sealed casing
with an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly housed in the
interior thereof, the assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft
provided with a longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating
with various points on the exterior surface of the crankshaft and with
an upper end of the same, eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof.
The assembly also includes a tubular device coupled to a lower end of
the interior duct of the crankshaft, such tubular device having a first
upper section substantially cylindrical and a second substantially
conical section with an end having an orifice for the introduction of
oil. <br />
In such compressors, the oiling of the parts that are in
friction is accomplished by means of the oil fluid supplied by the
tubular device, which, when rotating and immersed in an oil mass,
produces by centrifugal force the raising of the oil through the
interior duct of the crankshaft towards the oiling points of the
mechanism. Part of the oil exits out of the eccentric orifice at the
upper end of the crankshaft, propelled against the interior surface of
the sealed casing of the compressor. <br />
There are various patents
that disclose particular details of this oiling or lubricating system.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,410,478 discloses a cylindrical tubular device joined by
a conical section, as well as a wall placed in the interior of the
tubular device acting as a gate, such a wall being costly to construct.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,451,615 discloses a lateral outflow passage from an
eccentric upper section of the interior duct of the crankshaft.<br />
<br />
Lastly,
Spanish Patent No. 504,039 discloses a channel in the extreme upper
face of the crankshaft, arguing the lower cost of constructing such a
channel in relation to the lateral outflow passage disclosed in the
aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,451,615. <br />
It has been possible to
confirm that the current solutions of tubular pumping devices lose part
of their effectiveness as the compressor's operating temperature rises.
Under these conditions, the fluidity of the oil mass deposited in the
housing of the compressor reaches a point such that the oil mass loses
velocity of rotation in relation to the velocity of rotation of the
tubular device. Such device loses effectiveness as a centrifugal pump
due to sliding between the interior wall of the tubular device and the
layer of oil in contact with the wall. <br />
The aforementioned
interior wall that acts as a gate may, in part, solve the problem
described, but it has the drawback of having a high cost of
construction. Moreover, the orifice at the upper end of the crankshaft
should have a certain form, so that the oil that exits therefrom has
sufficient force to be propelled against the interior wall of the sealed
casing of the compressor. This certain form, in the compressors that
are known, entails significant difficulties in construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION<br />
With the improvements of the invention, the noted drawbacks can be eliminated. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBsmG2WqwD0IjTHDVyfVcC-YpFP7fOSXVoFya1Kwwfj_c89SqMI6kal8XRp5GEuozmhagyHJxSBOurMYJlMCRZ_Y6mUrOn7LcHviN98gAazamMOut6soe6tFlV3Gv-J-j46IZvGdK02jw/s1600/IMGH_07122__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBsmG2WqwD0IjTHDVyfVcC-YpFP7fOSXVoFya1Kwwfj_c89SqMI6kal8XRp5GEuozmhagyHJxSBOurMYJlMCRZ_Y6mUrOn7LcHviN98gAazamMOut6soe6tFlV3Gv-J-j46IZvGdK02jw/s1600/IMGH_07122__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUjEYARQ1_An4JGTVpyErQdSQDEv1Bn5tzl_nQgWE0xapNQzl1TRLNWQhUfrawYB2lGX-3jMC7mKtAxYnehyphenhyphenYNpsJwnCMtoavP6722ZQuQqdIcsQcTptBT30kceuHG4IOkbdtriwQNypDz/s1600/IMGH_07111__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to eliminate the drawbacks noted above with respect to the prior art. <br />
It is also an object of the present invention to simplify the lubrication of compressors. <br />
It is another object of the present invention to lower manufacturing cost of a lubrication system for compressors. <br />
It
is a further object of the present invention to compensate for the
decrease in oil viscosity caused by a rise in temperature in the
lubrication system of a compressor. <br />
These and other objects are
attained by the present invention which is directed to improvements in
the lubrication system of compressors for cooling fluids. According to
the present invention, the upper end of the interior lubrication duct in
a crankshaft of the compressor ends in a first substantially conical
section and a second substantially cylindrical section of variable
contour depending upon the profile of the upper end of the crankshaft.
This distinct configuration of the upper end of the lubrication duct
offers the advantage of greater simplicity in construction and
consequently a lower manufacturing cost, while at the same time
maintaining the same efficiency as other current forms of more
complicated configuration. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV1Ye88gZQvWzaKdbqMLIa-8Ny13me3ydg0IbvFkM4wYV9rpjsFfwGYdQi59G9anYRm7DAZP0Nq-X81SEEadBg1OMq54QfAm6TUSqyvK13SF6D4FqfYA3s4xGwPqfSIf0UC2ujSzaEsZMB/s1600/IMGH_07106__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>Advantageously, the tubular device,
which is coupled to the lower end of the interior duct of the
crankshaft, is provided in its interior with a spring formed by an
elastic and resistant wire affixed by means of pressure and by insertion
of a part of the spring in a substantially conical section of the
tubular device or member submerged in oil (the tubular device comprises a
first substantially cylindrical upper section and a second
substantially conical lower section adapted to be inserted into oil).
The part of the spring submerged in the oil acts as a paddle propelling
the oil, and thereby compensating for decrease in oil viscosity caused
by the temperature. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vkevYwKB8RHhyVlc82TLksiadLwVnOHa-bin1SOitiVkKwWfmGFo1VnmObSXYmepdu3EMH1l6Wp7FGGhatDBeauR6_T46eYLSYQXx1MUOTWBAzdS_pgCUA45GqT48Aofn5JH-r2Jrmk/s1600/IMGH_07119__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vkevYwKB8RHhyVlc82TLksiadLwVnOHa-bin1SOitiVkKwWfmGFo1VnmObSXYmepdu3EMH1l6Wp7FGGhatDBeauR6_T46eYLSYQXx1MUOTWBAzdS_pgCUA45GqT48Aofn5JH-r2Jrmk/s1600/IMGH_07119__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
The aforementioned spring may have various
forms or structures in accordance with the present invention. In one
embodiment, the spring forms a closed loop which ends with a lower leg
thereof extending towards the lower substantially conical portion of the
tubular device or member. In a second embodiment, the spring takes the
form of two arms making a substantially inverted U, and bent according
to the conical profile of the tubular device. In another embodiment, the
spring takes the form of two arms shaped in a U and bent according to
the conical profile of the tubular device and with the free ends thereof
joined at the upper portion thereof. <br />
All the noted spring shapes
may be constructed with wire having a circular or a square
cross-section so as to improve the attachment thereof within the
interior of the tubular device or member.<br />
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS<br />
For
a fuller understanding thereof, the present invention will be described
in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which certain embodiments of the present invention are schematically
illustrated and to which the present invention is not intended to be
exclusively restricted. <br />
In the drawings, <br />
FIG. 1
illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of a sealed compressor of
cooling fluids, in which the improvements according to the present
invention are applied; <br />
FIG. 2 is a partially sectional side view
of a crank shaft and of a tubular device having the improvements
according to the present invention; and <br />
FIGS. 3 and 4 each illustrate springs for the tubular device illustrated in FIG. 2.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7VV6oJDWcxqVWPE1V6YOvwwuv7JMjP-vkycM7mxcEPfZ37G29TcU9rklSfRK_lk6ArrDjaz329Z7Zsi1qE-BFLb0whKY7MArRdvVIVQKvpXOia67jeF4QXmhANIpoKuO7zIakCtdJdN0a/s1600/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7VV6oJDWcxqVWPE1V6YOvwwuv7JMjP-vkycM7mxcEPfZ37G29TcU9rklSfRK_lk6ArrDjaz329Z7Zsi1qE-BFLb0whKY7MArRdvVIVQKvpXOia67jeF4QXmhANIpoKuO7zIakCtdJdN0a/s320/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS<br />
Referring
to FIG. 1, a compressor 1 includes a sealed casing 2 with an
alternating motor-driven compressor assembly housed in the interior
thereof, the assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft 3 provided
with a longitudinal interior lubrication duct 4 (FIG. 2) communicating
with various points 5,6 on the exterior surface of the crankshaft 3, and
with the upper end 7 of the same, eccentrically to the axis of rotation
thereof. The assembly also includes a tubular device 8 coupled to a
lower end of the interior duct 4 of the crankshaft 3, the tubular device
8 comprising a first upper section 9 that is substantially cylindrical
and a second lower substantially conical section 10 to be submerged in
oil. <br />
As can be seen in FIG. 2, the upper end 7 of the lubrication
duct 4 terminates in a first substantially conical section 11 and a
second substantially cylindrical section 12 of variable contour
depending upon the profile 13 of the upper end 7 of the crankshaft 3. <br />
As
also illustrated in FIG. 2, the tubular device 8 is provided in the
interior with a spring 14 formed by an elastic and resistant wire, e.g.
of tempered steel, and affixed by means of pressure and by insertion of
part of the spring in the conical section 10 of the tubular device or
member 8 which is adapted to be submerged in the oil. As shown in FIG.
2, the spring 14 takes the form of two arms 15 and 16 shaped into an
inverted U and bent at points 17 and 18 according to the conical profile
of the tubular device or member 8. <br />
In FIG. 3, the spring 14
forms a closed loop 19 ending with a lower leg 20 thereof extending
towards the lower conical part 10 of the tubular device 8.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-X6348kKhfNsjBT4Cj1MTMNep4CXCswQExUwrxQyTEKNmQczO1LVqX77TI9lkAlwD1cqqLqkW6zvrI8pcbVRhW9xK1gEHyVHDhqQJCO7dJE6xmZV6Aclh6ZxsHnV1ip7Tm3I9jZQliwCE/s1600/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-X6348kKhfNsjBT4Cj1MTMNep4CXCswQExUwrxQyTEKNmQczO1LVqX77TI9lkAlwD1cqqLqkW6zvrI8pcbVRhW9xK1gEHyVHDhqQJCO7dJE6xmZV6Aclh6ZxsHnV1ip7Tm3I9jZQliwCE/s320/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
The
spring illustrated in FIG. 4 takes the form of two arms 21 and 22 in the
shape of a U bent at points 23 and 24 according to the conical profile
of the tubular device 8 (i.e. the lower substantially conical section 10
thereof) and with the free ends 25 and 26 thereof joined at the upper
portion as illustrated. <br />
As described above, the springs are
introduced into the tubular device 8 with the lower portion thereof
situated in the conical section 10 to be submerged in oil. When the
crankshaft 3 rotates, driven by the rotor of the electrical motor, the
tubular device 8 rotates along with spring 14, with the lower part of
the spring submerged in oil acting as a paddle. <br />
The
characteristic form 11 of the outflow orifice in the upper end 7 of the
lubrication duct 4 permits the oil that flows through the eccentric duct
4 to be propelled in a continuous jet against the interior wall of the
casing 2. <br />
It follows from the description above that the
improvements according to the present invention allow for enhancement in
the lubrication of the crankshaft and in the propulsion of oil against
the interior wall of the casing 2 due to the springs 14 acting as
paddles, and allows for a reduction in the cost of manufacture of the
crankshaft 3 by simplifying the orifice at the upper end 7 of the
crankshaft 3 without diminishing the effectiveness thereof. Similarly,
the cost of construction of the spring 14 is much lower than the
previously described interior wall with respect to the prior art. <br />
The
preceding description of the present invention is merely exemplary, and
is not intended to limit the scope thereof in any way. </div>
</div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> IGNIS, GIOVANNI BORGHI HISTORY.</span></b></u></span></div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Investing in the industrial development of artisan villages<br />in Varese, Italy, Giovanni Borghi builds a factory for 200<br />employees to manufacture not only ovens and cooktops, but<br />also an appliance previously unknown in Italy: the refrigerator.<br />Ignis workers produce appliances for third-party companies<br />like Fiat, Atlantic, Philco, Emerson and Philips. Borghi builds<br />the “Villages of Ignis,” with affordable one- and two-family<br />houses (Borghi Villages), as well as a pool and sports center<br />in Comerio, Italy, and a hostel vvith recreational facilities for<br />young workers in Cassinetta, Italy, all intended to promote a<br />comfortable, healthy lifestyle.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfWMs23PFqU2PZOHLy1t6f7wtNqPap2YxnbyVxtuUBFp2SNIHv2n6MlH_jdNWhK1MUpdrvIBmTZXni6BtyiTVR-BeoQ8KWFmbvPfrdptvd_pyXtC9cAe1C_0UCn3noLevZ5kr6YcSPsQw/s1600/IGNIS-BORGHI.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfWMs23PFqU2PZOHLy1t6f7wtNqPap2YxnbyVxtuUBFp2SNIHv2n6MlH_jdNWhK1MUpdrvIBmTZXni6BtyiTVR-BeoQ8KWFmbvPfrdptvd_pyXtC9cAe1C_0UCn3noLevZ5kr6YcSPsQw/s320/IGNIS-BORGHI.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> The Milan industrialist </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Giovanni Borghi </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">founded
the IGNIS brand of household appliances. His factories would turn out
one appliance every eight seconds, and make billions selling them to
Italy's exploding middle class. Borghi was famous for his early
support of cycling, and his yellow IGNIS jerseyed squadra won more than a
few great races in the late fifties and early sixties.<br /><br />Borghi
was aggressive, flamboyant and flashy. And he took care of his stars -
famously buying Spanish sprinter Miguel Poblet a Lancia convertible
after his Milan San Remo win. On top of his 25 million lire per year
salary. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Giovanni
Borghi, was an Italian industrialist pioneer in the field of domestic
appliances, returned from a trip in the USA with a real<br />illumination: refrigerators insulated with Polyurethane foam were much more<br />efficient and capacious than those hand-filled with mineral wood.<br />His refrigerators Group, Ignis, developed internally this technology and the<br />related equipment, a suitable alternative to the imported foam dispensers, which<br />were difficult to get, fix and maintain, stimulating an industrial supply of<br />similar machines. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-jfvegevg0KxR7BUSORTbD3B2sIe7JWwwQrMwvvCg9Hf-rB6y17SkWVZ79hJ6N2A4uMIP1xFAL3L7xKFacIDf2ItJ1U3CDw_P3YGZl7fLgca0kmtSwRDabqJWO0eeoARGk0-3UpSH8Rg/s1600/GIOVANNI-BORGHI.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-jfvegevg0KxR7BUSORTbD3B2sIe7JWwwQrMwvvCg9Hf-rB6y17SkWVZ79hJ6N2A4uMIP1xFAL3L7xKFacIDf2ItJ1U3CDw_P3YGZl7fLgca0kmtSwRDabqJWO0eeoARGk0-3UpSH8Rg/s320/GIOVANNI-BORGHI.jpg" height="320" width="244" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> And
in 1959 Borghi signed the man most of Italy thought would be the man to
replace Fausto Coppi: 1956 Olympic, 1958 Giro d'Italia and World
Champion Ercole Baldini. He lured Baldini away from Legnano with a
contract so fat many said it only served to asurre that il treno di
Forli.. would...well...get a little too fat himself! He was never quite
as hungry once he went to IGNIS.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Borghi
kept control of IGNIS in the family. In the paternalistic Italian
industrial model - like Ferrari, Maserati or Campagnolo. He later
turned the reins over to his son, who in turn finally sold the company
to Dutch conglomerate, Philips.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-size: small;">When Philips decided to get into the maj<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">or household appliances</span><br style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">market,
its procedure was to buy increasing quantities of these goods from the
Italian firm, Ignis, then at the height of its prosperity.</span><br style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Once it became the principal client of the manufacturer, it took over </span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">supplying the latter by purchasing 50 percent of its capital. It took </span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">over the firm completely in 1972, to the satisfaction of the founder </span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">of Ignis, Giovanni Borghi. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">BORGHI DIED IN 1975.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>Borghi is still remembered in Italia. </b> RAI even aired TV miniseries about his life this past year, "Mister Ignis". </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. (Royal Philips Electronics Inc.)</span><span style="font-style: italic;">, most commonly known as Philips, (Euronext: PHIA, NYSE: PHG) is a multinational Dutch electronics corporation.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Philips
is one of the largest electronics companies in the world. In 2009,
its sales were €23.18 billion. The company employs 115,924 people in
more than 60 countries.[1]</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Philips
is organized in a number of sectors: Philips Consumer Lifestyles
(formerly Philips Consumer Electronics and Philips Domestic Appliances
and Personal Care), Philips Lighting and Philips Healthcare
(formerly Philips Medical Systems).</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">The
company was founded in 1891 by Gerard Philips, a maternal cousin of
Karl Marx, in Eindhoven, Netherlands. Its first products were light
bulbs and other electro-technical equipment. Its first factory
survives as a museum devoted to light sculpture.[2] In the 1920s, the
company started to manufacture other products, such as vacuum tubes
(also known worldwide as 'valves'), In 1927 they acquired the
British electronic valve manufacturers Mullard and in 1932 the
German tube manufacturer Valvo, both of which became subsidiaries.
In 1939 they introduced their electric razor, the Philishave
(marketed in the USA using the Norelco brand name).</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ2KnohylGz069wavrk8J3y5zeMKx6UAWpmmy_N7lVONx6lUrP6EzJ7W6jurQzGy4DHZwcl_LaB_9niig-725gr6_Ukjgc6pmWd4V2nytEGcTXpUz5rBRd9DrHq5a0S2sz192jO5t4Fqg4/s1600/anton+philips.jpg" style="font-style: italic;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ2KnohylGz069wavrk8J3y5zeMKx6UAWpmmy_N7lVONx6lUrP6EzJ7W6jurQzGy4DHZwcl_LaB_9niig-725gr6_Ukjgc6pmWd4V2nytEGcTXpUz5rBRd9DrHq5a0S2sz192jO5t4Fqg4/s320/anton+philips.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5566216731996475298" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 304px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Philips was also instrumental in the revival of the Stirling engine.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">As a chip maker, Philips Semiconductors was among the Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Sales Leaders.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">In
December 2005 Philips announced its intention to make the
Semiconductor Division into a separate legal entity. This process of
"disentanglement" was completed on 1 October 2006.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">On
2 August 2006, Philips completed an agreement to sell a controlling
80.1% stake in Philips Semiconductors to a consortium of private
equity investors consisting of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts &amp; Co.
(KKR), Silver Lake Partners and AlpInvest Partners. The sale
completed a process, which began December 2005, with its decision to
create a separate legal entity for Semiconductors and to pursue all
strategic options. Six weeks before, ahead of its online dialogue,
through a letter to 8,000 of Philips managers, it was announced that
they were speeding up the transformation of Semiconductors into a
stand-alone entity with majority ownership by a third party. It was
stated then that "this is much more than just a transaction: it is
probably the most significant milestone on a long journey of change
for Philips and the beginning of a new chapter for everyone –
especially those involved with Semiconductors".</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">In its more than 115 year history, this co</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s1600/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s320/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753231408203006162" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 120px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 120px;" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;">unts
as a big step that is definitely changing the profile of the
company. Philips was one of few companies that successfully made the
transition from the electrical world of the 19th century into the
electronic age, starting its semiconductor activity in 1953 and
building it into a global top 10 player in its industry. As such,
Semiconductors was at the heart of many innovations in Philips over
the past 50 years.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Agreeing
to start a process that would ultimately lead to the decision to
sell the Semiconductor Division therefore was one of the toughest
decisions that the Board of Management ever had to make.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">On
21 August 2006, Bain Capital and Apax Partners announced that they
had signed definitive commitments to join the expanded consortium
headed by KKR that is to acquire the controlling stake in the
Semiconductors Division.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">On
1 September 2006, it was announced in Berlin that the name of the
new semiconductor company founded by Philips is NXP Semiconductors.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Coinciding
with the sale of the Semiconductor Division, Philips also announced
that they would drop the word 'Electronics' from the company name,
thus becoming simply Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Royal Philips N.V.).</span><br />
<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">PHILIPS</span> FOUNDATION:<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7ikDsJ9XmygdQsUCfczC6TamHJrGHxCL1YWFd5NBYF5T9hK26d7PO76N9Zgq7mZOsmyS7gWn2UurP1UHhHcBDAdiKJg7m4sXs-2rNJpA8ndWjEtG3mLOzt3G1GyEEpCbUdn9RRUOg5dg/s1600/MAIN-EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7ikDsJ9XmygdQsUCfczC6TamHJrGHxCL1YWFd5NBYF5T9hK26d7PO76N9Zgq7mZOsmyS7gWn2UurP1UHhHcBDAdiKJg7m4sXs-2rNJpA8ndWjEtG3mLOzt3G1GyEEpCbUdn9RRUOg5dg/s320/MAIN-EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753231051095713186" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 41px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 348px;" /></a>The
foundations of Philips were laid in 1891 when Anton and Gerard
Philips established Philips &amp; Co. in Eindhoven, the
Netherlands. The company begun manufacturing carbon-filament lamps
and by the turn of the century, had become one of the largest
producers in Europe. Stimulated by the industrial revolution in
Europe, Philips’ first research laboratory started introducing its
first innovations in the x-ray and radio technology. Over the years,
the list of inventions has only been growing to include many
breakthroughs that have continued to enrich people’s everyday lives.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In
the early years of Philips &amp; Co., the representation of the
company name took many forms: one was an emblem formed by the initial
letters of Philips &amp; Co., and another was the word Philips
printed on the glass of metal filament lamps.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
One
of the very first campaigns was launched in 1898 when Anton Philips
used a range of postcards showing the Dutch national costumes as
marketing tools. Each letter of the word Philips was printed in a row
of light bulbs as at the top of every card. In the late 1920s, the
Philips name began to take on the form that we recognize today.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The
now familiar Philips waves and stars first appeared in 1926 on the
packaging of miniwatt radio valves, as well as on the Philigraph, an
early sound recording device. The waves symbolized radio waves, while
the stars represented the ether of the evening sky through which the
radio waves would travel.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In 1930 it was the first time that the four stars flanking the three waves were placed together in a circle. After that, the<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s1600/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s320/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753231408203006162" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 120px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 120px;" /></a>
stars and waves started appearing on radios and gramophones,
featuring this circle as part of their design. Gradually the use of
the circle emblem was then extended to advertising materials and other
products.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
At this time
Philips’ business activities were expanding rapidly and the company
wanted to find a trademark that would uniquely represent Philips, but
one that would also avoid legal problems with the owners of other
well-known circular emblems. This wish resulted in the combination of
the Philips circle and the wordmark within the shield emblem.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
In
1938, the Philips shield made its first appearance. Although
modified over the years, the basic design has remained constant ever
since and, together with the wordmark, gives Philips the distinctive
identity that is still embraced today.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Gerard Philips</span>:<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-gR8QlOfoNoptZXbJ6obLylwTu1e7VZTpXyVnHfXgucqBkARpAdXTt8ie9JmhKe0KrIiG_z3uYPyOpbsSVtTN2_r-OhRZ9RM2fxra3M6bzJ0OnMWBwbmKsWa6ulSGibEgoPBnOcoHhyphenhyphenU/s1600/GERARD-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-gR8QlOfoNoptZXbJ6obLylwTu1e7VZTpXyVnHfXgucqBkARpAdXTt8ie9JmhKe0KrIiG_z3uYPyOpbsSVtTN2_r-OhRZ9RM2fxra3M6bzJ0OnMWBwbmKsWa6ulSGibEgoPBnOcoHhyphenhyphenU/s200/GERARD-PHILIPS.jpg" height="200" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753229378365198642" style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt;" width="150" /></a>Gerard
Leonard Frederik Philips (October 9, 1858, in Zaltbommel – January
27, 1942, in The Hague, Netherlands) was a Dutch industrialist,
co-founder (with his father Frederik Philips) of the Philips Company
as a family business in 1891. Gerard and his younger brother Anton
Philips changed the business to a corporation by founding in 1912 the
NV Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken. As the first CEO of the Philips
corporation, Gerard laid with Anton the base for the later Philips
multinational.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Early life and education<br />
<br />
Gerard
was the first son of Benjamin Frederik David Philips (1 December
1830 – 12 June 1900) and Maria Heyligers (1836 – 1921). His father
was active in the tobacco business and a banker at Zaltbommel in the
Netherlands; he was a first cousin of Karl Marx.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Career<br />
<br />
Gerard
Philips became interested in electronics and engineering. Frederik
was the financier for Gerard's purchase of the old factory building in
Eindhoven where he established the first factory in 1891. They
operated the Philips Company as a family business for more than a
decade.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Marriage and family<br />
<br />
On March 19, 1896 Philips married Johanna van der Willigen (30 September 1862 – 1942). They had no children.<br />
<br />
Gerard
was an uncle of Frits Philips, whom he and his brother brought into
the business. Later they brought in his brother's grandson, Franz
Otten.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gerard and his brother Anton
supported education and social programs in Eindhoven, including the
Philips Sport Vereniging (Philips Sports Association), which they
founded. From it the professional football (soccer) department
developed into the independent Philips Sport Vereniging N.V.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anton Philips</span>:<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggsJPtDo3LMTtGmO0YSJEPj4RheC6dlZM_0iPhicToWpfOs0WaZKCRZ8MH9KUfkHoz53RnMj9p9QMFmEmh-vaZzC6c1oi__VVVU7eKjdG8XhrQ-XqzaEEJ8qeI7i4iQdfMsGLjJOnHCRs/s1600/ANTON-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggsJPtDo3LMTtGmO0YSJEPj4RheC6dlZM_0iPhicToWpfOs0WaZKCRZ8MH9KUfkHoz53RnMj9p9QMFmEmh-vaZzC6c1oi__VVVU7eKjdG8XhrQ-XqzaEEJ8qeI7i4iQdfMsGLjJOnHCRs/s200/ANTON-PHILIPS.jpg" height="200" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753229383836616514" style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt;" width="150" /></a>Anton
Frederik Philips (March 14, 1874, Zaltbommel, Gelderland – October
7, 1951, Eindhoven) co-founded Royal Philips Electronics N.V. in 1912
with his older brother Gerard Philips in Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
He served as CEO of the company from 1922 to 1939.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Early life and education<br />
<br />
Anton
was born to Maria Heyligers (1836 – 1921) and Benjamin Frederik
David Philips (December 1, 1830 – June 12, 1900). His father was
active in the tobacco business and a banker at Zaltbommel in the
Netherlands. (He was a first cousin to Karl Marx.) Anton's brother
Gerard was 16 years older.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Career<br />
<br />
In
May 1891 the father Frederik was the financier and, with his son
Gerard Philips, co-founder of the Philips Company as a family
business. In 1912 Anton joined the firm, which they named Royal
Philips Electronics N.V.<br />
<br />
During World War I, Anton Philips managed to increas<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s1600/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s320/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753231408203006162" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 120px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 120px;" /></a>e
sales by taking advantage of a boycott of German goods in several
countries. He provided the markets with alternative products.<br />
<br />
Anton
(and his brother Gerard) are remembered as being civic-minded. In
Eindhoven they supported education and social programs and facilities,
such as the soccer department of the Philips Sports Association as
the best-known example.<br />
<br />
Anton Philips brought his
son Frits Philips and grandson Franz Otten into the company in their
times. Anton took the young Franz Otten with him and other family
members to escape the Netherlands just before the Nazi Occupation
during World War II; they went to the United States. They returned
after the war.<br />
<br />
His son Frits Philips chose to stay
and manage the company during the occupation; he survived several
months at the concentration camp of Vught after his workers went on
strike. He saved the lives of 382 Jews by claiming them as
indispensable to his factory, and thus helped them evade Nazi
roundups and deportation to concentration camps.<br />
<br />
Philips died in Eindhoven in 1951.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Marriage and family<br />
<br />
Philips
married Anne Henriëtte Elisabeth Maria de Jongh (Amersfoort, May 30,
1878 – Eindhoven, March 7, 1970). They had the following children:<br />
<br />
*
Anna Elisabeth Cornelia Philips (June 19, 1899 – ?), married in 1925
to Pieter Franciscus Sylvester Otten (1895 – 1969), and had:<br />
o Diek Otten<br />
o Franz Otten (b. c. 1928 - d. 1967), manager in the Dutch electronics company Philips<br />
* Frederik Jacques Philips (1905-2005)<br />
*
Henriëtte Anna Philips (Eindhoven, October 26, 1906 – ?), married
firstly to A. Knappert (d. 1932), without issue; married secondly to G.
Jonkheer Sandberg (d. September 5, 1935), without issue; and married
thirdly in New York City, New York, on September 29, 1938 to
Jonkheer Gerrit van Riemsdijk (Aerdenhout, January 10, 1911 –
Eindhoven, November 8, 2005). They had the following children:<br />
o
..., Jonkheerin Gerrit van Riemsdijk (b. Waalre, October 2, 1939),
married at Waalre on February 17, 1968 to Johannes Jasper Tuijt (b.
Atjeh, Koeta Radja, March 10, 1930), son of Jacobus Tuijt and wife
Hedwig Jager, without issue<br />
o ..., Jonkheerin Gerrit van
Riemsdijk (b. Waalre, April 3, 1946), married firstly at Calvados,
Falaise, on June 6, 1974 to Martinus Jan Petrus Vermooten (Utrecht,
September 16, 1939 – Falaise, August 29, 1978), son of Martinus
Vermooten and wife Anna Pieternella Hendrika Kwantes, without issue;
married secondly in Paris on December 12, 1981 to Jean Yves Louis
Bedos (Calvados, Rémy, January 9, 1947 – Calvados, Lisieux, October
5, 1982), son of Georges Charles Bedos and wife Henriette Louise
Piel, without issue; and married thirdly at Manche, Sartilly, on
September 21, 1985 to Arnaud Evain (b. Ardennes, Sedan, July 7,
1952), son of Jean Claude Evain and wife Flore Halleux, without issue<br />
o
..., Jonkheerin Gerrit van Riemsdijk (b. Waalre, September 4, 1948),
married at Waalre, October 28, 1972 to Elie Johan François van
Dissel (b. Eindhoven, October 9, 1948), son of Willem Pieter<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
Jacob van Dissel and wife Francisca Frederike Marie Wirtz, without issue.</div>
</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s1600/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEnUjDG6EMzhFjIqrCaJ9kUBJct1k1CxvXp39T36kG966E34Xr-ZrBAWr51OOk4p9OQY52OAhBKMXIl83eV2zXLmxdUStp3LcMLRUkksIFgD3alwrzhBZ5PZ3U7gTGBr590W3uZy6B7MM/s320/EMBLEM-PHILIPS.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5753231408203006162" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 120px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 120px;" /></a></div>
<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><b>T</b><b>ecumseh products Company HISTORY:</b><br />
<br />
It was Incorporated in 1930 as Hillsdale Machine & Tool Company, All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing; Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing; Motor and Generator Manufacturing; Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing, Named for the legendary Shawnee chief, Tecumseh Products makes a line of hermetically sealed compressors and heat pumps for residential and commercial refrigerators and freezers, water coolers, air conditioners, dehumidifiers, and vending machines. The company's line of scroll compressor models are suited for demanding commercial refrigeration applications and consist primarily of reciprocating and rotary designs. Tecumseh sells its products to OEMs and aftermarket distributors in more than 100 countries worldwide, with 80% of its sales generated outside of the US. It markets its products under brand names that include Celseon, L'Unité Hermétique, Masterflux, Silensys, and Vector. <br />
<br />
Tecumseh Products Company manufactures compressors for refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, gasoline engines and automobile transmissions, and pumps and pumping equipment for industrial, commercial, and agricultural use. The second largest domestic manufacturer of engines for small tractors, snow blowers, and lawn mowers, the company is best known for its compressors, machines that compress refrigerants in air conditioners and refrigerators. The town of Tecumseh, Michigan, in which the company is headquartered, has since become known as the "Refrigeration Capital of the World."<br />
<br />
An early 1990s public offering brought in new capital while allowing the founding Herrick family to retain control. The company has since moved to establish manufacturing hubs in Brazil and India while cutting back on U.S. production. Tecumseh has acquired some suppliers and is attempting to make its brand more visible to consumers and contractors.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh Products was founded by Ray W. Herrick, a master toolmaker who came to prominence in the 1920s in Michigan's growing auto industry. Herrick's reputation as a knowledgeable and highly skilled toolmaker led to his rapid advancement in the industry. He was given supervisory positions and became a friend and adviser to influential inventors and industrialists such as Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone, and Thomas Edison. In 1928 Herrick was asked to help turn around the struggling Alamo Engine Company in the southeastern Michigan town of Hillsdale, where he served until 1933 as factory manager and eventually as director of sales and production. The company continued to decline, however, and during this time Herrick and a local toolmaker named C.F. (Bill) Sage decided to launch a business of their own, incorporating as Hillsdale Machine & Tool Company in 1930.<br />
<br />
The Hillsdale company manufactured high-quality automobile and electric refrigerator parts, as well as small tools and mechanical novelties. Also handling orders that Alamo could not fill, the Hillsdale company went from grossing $26,000 in sales during its first year of operation to $284,000 by 1933. Initially, two-thirds of the company's stock was owned by Sage and his wife, while Herrick owned the remaining third. By 1933, however, Herrick bought out most of their interest and gained control of the company.<br />
<br />
Competition in the manufactured parts industry was fierce in 1933, and Hillsdale soon sought larger production facilities. When Alamo went into receivership that year, Herrick leased its plant for one year, hoping to purchase it at the end of the term. The rent paid to Alamo's receivers, however, cut into the Hillsd<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ale company's profits. Furthermore, the Hillsdale company had been founded during the height of the Great Depression, and these early years were characterized by escalating debt and inadequate cash flow. By 1934, Herrick's company was close to bankruptcy.<br />
<br />
That year, however, as a result of a concerted effort by Herrick, the Ford Motor Company, private investors, and the city of Tecumseh--located about 60 miles southwest of Detroit--Hillsdale Tool & Machine Company managed to raise a little more than $12,000, with which it acquired a 30,000-square-foot abandoned facility in Tecumseh. Changing the company's name to Tecumseh Products, Herrick had the building renovated, borrowed the necessary machinery, and soon began the mass production of automotive and refrigerator parts. The following year the company gained much needed cash flow leverage when Henry Ford helped Herrick secure a line of credit with a Detroit bank.<br />
<br />
In 1936 Tecumseh Products began to focus on manufacturing the product on which its reputation would be built: the hermetically sealed refrigeration compressor. Five years earlier, Herrick had been approached by Frank Smith, an engineer interested in selling Herrick his compressor designs. At that time, Herrick had employed Smith as a machinist, agreeing to consider the prototypes that Smith was developing. Over the next few years, engineers Curtis Brown and Jens Touborg joined Smith, and the three eventually formed an engineering business known as Tresco. Tresco worked closely with Tecumseh Products, providing Herrick with designs for inexpensive and reliable refrigeration compressors that rivaled those of the major manufacturers. By the end of the 1930s, Tecumseh Products was producing more than 100,000 of these compressors a year.<br />
<br />
At the onset of World War II, Herrick shifted the focus of Tecumseh Products to the manufacture of defense materials. The company continued to produce compressors, which had applications in military equipment, while also turning out anti-aircraft projectile casings and precision parts for aircraft engines. By 1942, Tecumseh was mainly producing 40-millimeter shell casings, which it supplied to the U.S. Navy. In April of that year the company received the Navy E award for excellence for its contributions to the war effort; it received several similar awards before the war ended.<br />
<br />
In 1945 Herrick's son, Kenneth G. Herrick, returned from the war and went to work for Tecumseh Products as the company resumed its focus on the production of compressors. During this time, competition in the industry intensified, with postwar demand for electric appliances, especially refrigerators, rising dramatically. Becoming known for the high quality of its compressors, as well as for their timely delivery, Tecumseh Products soon emerged as an industry leader. In 1947 a Tecumseh Products compressor was featured in the first window unit air conditioner for the home. By 1950, Tecumseh's sales reached $72 million, and the company was producing more than two million compressors a year.<br />
<br />
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s Tecumseh Products sought to expand. First it increased its production capacity with the 1950 and 1952 purchases of Universal Cooler Corp. in Marion, Ohio, and the Acklin Stamping Company of Toledo, respectively. Also involved in finding new uses for its products, the company marketed an air conditioning compressor for automobiles in 1953. The following year, Tecumseh's sales reached $124 million, and in 1955 Herrick is reported to have paid nearly $5 million to purchase Tresco, the engineering business founded by Smith, Brown, and Touborg. At this time, Herrick brought Joseph E. Layton in from International Harvester to serve Tecumseh Products as president and chief executive officer. Herrick remained the company's chairperson.<br />
<br />
Purchasing two Wisconsin companies in 1956 and 1957--the Lauson Engine Company of New Holstein and Power Products of Grafton--Tecumseh Products claimed two new divisions designated for the production of gasoline engines. These two acquisitions were provided with new, modern equipment and tools in order to begin production of compact, lightweight engines suitable for use in lawn and garden machinery. Also during this time the company began to establish licensees abroad, planning to one day market its products worldwide.<br />
<br />
I<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>n 1960 Tecumseh Products of Canada, Ltd. was formed as a sales distribution center for compressors manufactured in the United States. This facility was later expanded into a production facility to handle demand for compressors in Canada. Over the next decade the company acquired the Diecast Division of Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, and the Peerless Gear & Machine Company, which it designated as a separate division and provided with a new plant to manufacture transaxles, transmissions, and differentials for lawn and garden equipment. Furthermore, the company set up research and development laboratories at Purdue University and in Ann Arbor, Michigan, to support its divisions, employing scientists in the fields of chemistry and metallurgy, as well as mechanical and electrical engineers.<br />
<br />
In 1964 Layton died unexpectedly, and William Hazelwood, a divisional vice-president, was named president of Tecumseh Products. Hazelwood remained in this position until 1966 when the 76-year-old Herrick gave up the chairmanship and, retaining a position for himself as vice-chairman, named his son Kenneth as president. Four years later Kenneth Herrick's son Todd came to work for Tecumseh Products. Kenneth ascended to chairman and CEO, and William MacBeth was named president. By this time the company had manufactured more than 100 million compressors and 25 million small engines.<br />
<br />
In 1973 Ray Herrick died. Under Kenneth Herrick, Tecumseh Products built compressor and engine plants in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, while continuing to add to its product line. For example, the company acquired M.P. Pumps, Inc., of Detroit, which produced pumps used in agricultural, industrial, and marine environments. Submersible pumps, used as sump pumps and in large cooling systems, were introduced in 1980, with the company's purchase of the Little Giant Pump Company in Oklahoma.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh Products sought to become an international company in the 1980s, and, over the next ten years, foreig<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>n sales, both from exports and through European acquisitions, rose to 15 percent of the company's total sales revenues. In 1981 Tecumseh Products entered into a joint venture with the Italian Fiat Settori Componenti, which resulted in the formation of Tecnamotor S.p.A., a manufacturer and marketer of engines for outdoor power equipment. The following year Tecumseh Products increased its holdings in the Sociade Intercontinental de Compressores Hermeticos SICOM, S.A. SICOM was based in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and served world markets through its manufacture of compressors. Tecumseh Products was further able to form a strong European interest through a 1985 joint venture with L'Unite Hermetique S.A. in Paris, a compressor manufacturer and exporter that Tecumseh Products eventually acquired as a subsidiary. The company's expansion into the international market had mixed results. It gained market share and enjoyed financial success, particularly in the engine sales of Tecnamotor, of which it acquired 100 percent ownership in 1989. This new subsidiary went on to become the largest engine manufacturer of its kind in Europe. Nevertheless, the company experienced a sharp decline in earnings during the late 1980s, which it attributed to the undervalued American dollar and delays in new product development.<br />
<br />
In the United States, foreign competition in the production of refrigeration components intensified during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Tecumseh Products, though, continued to experience growth. In 1987 the company introduced a new line of air conditioning compressors for residential use, designed to be both quieter and more energy efficient in compliance with the federal government's National Appliance Energy Conservation Act. In 1989 air conditioning compressors were bolstered by a nationwide heat wave, and the company's net income rose to $82 million, up from $70 million the year before.<br />
<br />
The company's interest in some foreign markets, however, suffered due to political instabilities during this time, particularly in China, where compressor sales fell almost to zero during the Tiananmen Square riots, as well as in the Middle East, where export sales were threatened by the Persian Gulf War. In 1992 Tecumseh was given an E Star award by the U.S. Department of Commerce for its commitment to international markets during these difficult times.<br />
<br />
As Tecumseh Products entered the 1990s, it featured a broad range of products in several divisions. Refrigeration products, which accounted for more than half of its total sales, included compressors sold to the manufacturers of home cooling systems and appliances, water coolers, vending machines, and refrigerated display cases. Engine products mainly featured aluminum diecast engines of 2 to 12 horsepower used in machinery for both home lawn maintenance and farming. Power train products included transmissions, transaxles, and differentials produced for lawn and garden equipment as well as for recreational vehicles. The pump products division featured a variety of pumps made from cast iron, aluminum, stainless steel, or brass, capable of pumping up to 300 gallons per minute, while the company's submersible pumps division produced pumps for use in clothes washers and carpet cleaners as well as kidney dialysis machines.<br />
<br />
In 1992 the company faced a new series of federal regulations designed to protect the environment by imposing restrictions on compressor and engine emissions and banning altogether chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were widely used in refrigeration. As the ban on CFCs neared implementation in the mid-1990s, Tecumseh Products began converting its compressors to operate on alternative refrigerants, which, the company asserted, were available but costly. Furthermore, in joint efforts with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Tecumseh Products researched possible improvements to the engine manufacturing process that would lead to less harmful emissions, and also developed new techniques for treating and disposing of contaminated sediments resulting from dangerous industrial wastes being dumped into rivers.<br />
<br />
Financially, in <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>March 1992 the stockholders of Tecumseh Products approved a proposal to reclassify its existing shares as voting Class B stock, while creating a new class of nonvoting Class A common stock. The stockholders were issued one share of the Class A stock for each share they already owned. At the time, Edward Wyatt observed in Barron's that "because 45% of the equity currently outstanding is owned by members of the founding Herrick family, the stock plan will allow them to retain their voting rights while effectively splitting the stock 2-for-1." He also observed that the new plan would probably induce analysts to follow the fortunes of Tecumseh Products more closely.<br />
<br />
By this time the founding Herrick family had had four generations involved in Tecumseh's management. In 1994, CEO Todd Herrick told Financial World the credo of his grandfather that still guided the company: "We believe in God, we mind our business and we work like hell."<br />
<br />
In the mid-1990s, Tecumseh had revenues of about $2 billion and 15,000 employees. The company was developing its versions of the new, energy-efficient scroll compressors that were beginning to replace traditional reciprocating compressors in the air conditioning industry.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh opened a new plant in Georgia in 1995 and a 200,000-square-foot factory in Corinth, Mississippi, in 1997. The latter's initial product was an electric motor for air conditioner compressors that had previously been sourced in Singapore.<br />
<br />
The company also was expanding abroad, entering a joint venture with the Shriram Group to set up a plant in Hyderabad, India. It later bought out its partner there and acquired a refrigerator compressor factory near New Delhi from Whirlpool of India.<br />
<br />
The company began promoting its brand directly to consumers. It aired ads urging them to look for its motors when they bought snow throwers, a market in which Tecumseh held a lead over rival Briggs & Stratton Corp., which led the lawn mower market.<br />
<br />
Sales were $1.65 billion in 2000. The company's three business segments were each profitable. Strong Brazilian operations saved the Compressor Business, while operations in India were affected by start-up costs and work stoppages. The Engine & Power Train Business had slowed after a Y2K-inspired run on generators the previous year. The smallest unit, the Pump Business, was growing on the popularity of water gardening and industrial sales. During the year, the company entered the residential wastewater collection, transfer, and disposal market through the purchase of the assets of Interon Corporation.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh cut 900 jo<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>bs in a 2000 restructuring that closed a plant in Somerset, Kentucky. Another 600 were being cut at an Indian factory. The company was expanding its operations in Mississippi, however.<br />
<br />
According to one report, Tecumseh controlled 20 percent of the world market for small engines. It was growing its business in Europe, where it was dominant, with a 25 percent market share. Europe made up nearly 40 percent of the world market and was expected to grow due to the opening of Eastern Europe. Tecumseh acquired its Czech carburetor supplier, Motoco, from Motor Jikov in May 2001. Tecumseh had other European operations, including joint ventures and a subsidiary in France.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh's subsidiary in India, Tecumseh Products India Ltd. (TPIL), was starting to export to South Africa and West Asia. The Indian market itself was ripe for development, with relatively few owning refrigerators or air conditioners. Tecumseh's plants in India produced compressor components as well as completed units.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh acquired a supplier of <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mVHRT3NfXSNxOarzESoVOHxDe0A7G2NiZ5WZuubA-xc7vJBtKBRyx0ZxwOc_zDxRXUaZYII7ITm0UDTCy9hLjIyYVxUlP9cdD0kY36HQ-82VhpaICg3Tks-qklfpctkqM5gHlGj8azKf/s1600/IMGH_06289.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>manufacturing software, Manufacturing Data Systems, Inc. (MDSI), in 2002. The next year, it bought FASCO Motors, Invensys PLC's electric motor operations, for $415 million. FASCO formed the basis of a new business segment, Electrical Components.<br />
<br />
Company officials told Contracting Business that although Tecumseh had enjoyed a relatively low profile in the past, it was becoming more retail-oriented. It leveraged its expertise in compressors to products such as drinking water systems and cooling towers through its "Cool Products" line. Tecumseh's products were distributed through 130 distribution centers and 1,700 outlets in the United States. Tecumseh was phasing out its U.S. manufacturing due to price pressure from customers. The company managed net income of $10 million on sales of $1.9 billion in 2004.<br />
<br />
Principal Subsidiaries<br />
<br />
Evergy, Inc.; FASCO Australia Pty. Ltd.; FASCO Industries, Inc.; FASCO Motors, Ltd. (Thailand); Little Giant Pump Company; Masterflux; Manufacturing Data Systems, Inc.; Motoco a.s. (Czech Republic); M.P. Pumps, Inc.; Tecumotor/Evergy; Tecumseh do Brasil, Ltda.; Tecumseh Compressor Company; Tecumseh Europa, S.p.A. (Italy); Tecumseh France S.A.; Tecumseh Power Company; Tecumseh Products Company of Canada, Ltd.; Tecumseh Products India Ltd.; TMT Motoco, Ltd. (Brazil).<br />
<br />
Principal Divisions<br />
<br />
Compressors; Engines & Power Trains; Pumps; Electrical Components.<br />
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></div>
FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-48821033818226943302012-09-01T18:00:00.000-07:002013-12-25T11:42:04.379-08:00HERMETIC COMPRESSOR ELECTROLUX (VERDICHTER OE) OF1033A INTERNAL VIEW<span id="goog_844647052"></span><span id="goog_844647053"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCjBPI_jiLkeaDoRyYb-BiXED8_1O7OjaMS_bu2jUoISVP_b2pTslsaY22k3JSQn1erCW44zM8ol_TI-OQBvMAhM6kvDUig7tp-AObecD7nqpauwx4MqpxGKarqFzvr5xVIi66biCUShvi/s1600/IMGH_06138.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCjBPI_jiLkeaDoRyYb-BiXED8_1O7OjaMS_bu2jUoISVP_b2pTslsaY22k3JSQn1erCW44zM8ol_TI-OQBvMAhM6kvDUig7tp-AObecD7nqpauwx4MqpxGKarqFzvr5xVIi66biCUShvi/s1600/IMGH_06138.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-R9YHdCSe6LOqYze-dcOi4Ja-Z3DGuvwAlf3PlZVTimlqOj600__S6vA6aHO2tacIFQIdxFMUYy9Zrg-ffZKCkEsmVRPTF_1pk8OKtraMtoLtO5yq2zk-wbqUvlVsZ1WsQqwhIDOvsmEc/s1600/IMGH_06139.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-R9YHdCSe6LOqYze-dcOi4Ja-Z3DGuvwAlf3PlZVTimlqOj600__S6vA6aHO2tacIFQIdxFMUYy9Zrg-ffZKCkEsmVRPTF_1pk8OKtraMtoLtO5yq2zk-wbqUvlVsZ1WsQqwhIDOvsmEc/s1600/IMGH_06139.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBByMyBaYOhP8-2qiNAEaV48P6i4waQpVLn0yXLFMN6L-u3fepgPmu6jwULeT8wBWk9hzq51T5wvH-wqjv4347lygUPJcpH2O8Ry8PmZbC8tb7D-y7WF8pVq7TSb3bhudutVi0Bspich0_/s1600/IMGH_06140.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBByMyBaYOhP8-2qiNAEaV48P6i4waQpVLn0yXLFMN6L-u3fepgPmu6jwULeT8wBWk9hzq51T5wvH-wqjv4347lygUPJcpH2O8Ry8PmZbC8tb7D-y7WF8pVq7TSb3bhudutVi0Bspich0_/s1600/IMGH_06140.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5sq7evZrpLXyeVe6p0SpiRt79mNCFrV8kO8jVd0z_a_n9Ow2xcQoZi2Mdep8O4i_ld1wk7E5ZGOySf9vHkP9Y17S1OXWSt7WQUn14ubx52r_5b-TPUvLy6bIRNgdISS6syLPrrEhiKy4J/s1600/IMGH_06141.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5sq7evZrpLXyeVe6p0SpiRt79mNCFrV8kO8jVd0z_a_n9Ow2xcQoZi2Mdep8O4i_ld1wk7E5ZGOySf9vHkP9Y17S1OXWSt7WQUn14ubx52r_5b-TPUvLy6bIRNgdISS6syLPrrEhiKy4J/s1600/IMGH_06141.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHxw-rNyPViCaVopMxWjbjymVqHf9n9dyLgsomidlFUbpMQ9hziF_oklmIVHM-r_Ji3pH89Rdhrfy8bcAJBGSkng947IG0WctoTsMxLRKC1YqBezRKdlSJZCjLih7eAZCZsxtIgFyKkqRD/s1600/IMGH_06142.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHxw-rNyPViCaVopMxWjbjymVqHf9n9dyLgsomidlFUbpMQ9hziF_oklmIVHM-r_Ji3pH89Rdhrfy8bcAJBGSkng947IG0WctoTsMxLRKC1YqBezRKdlSJZCjLih7eAZCZsxtIgFyKkqRD/s1600/IMGH_06142.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0CPycDSNDq_kFSa8rP9VQDx6lS4T1ZmyRB5DGQzJd34OhlEV0Es0C7aufFYiE3388ySYmODNJIx7zVX_oxHe0J2VGuXVG9c1L_kK0r_lIYpr7j2EdTNCSqKHh61nHttKjmV61DFwov-Hi/s1600/IMGH_06143.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0CPycDSNDq_kFSa8rP9VQDx6lS4T1ZmyRB5DGQzJd34OhlEV0Es0C7aufFYiE3388ySYmODNJIx7zVX_oxHe0J2VGuXVG9c1L_kK0r_lIYpr7j2EdTNCSqKHh61nHttKjmV61DFwov-Hi/s1600/IMGH_06143.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb0EGqTmDqQ5p3s5e9Ygb43RrbAvMwBko191rnAeK8kJ28ygrOOTWNtyCZxKMmnAlT3xSOUj7ybqzsfI40V0K0QybuLcsaa34vxmtOd2dRKaVCBtgpFEMyJ6i5GNOaH2ZnvxWrsXjB7Qfl/s1600/IMGH_06144.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb0EGqTmDqQ5p3s5e9Ygb43RrbAvMwBko191rnAeK8kJ28ygrOOTWNtyCZxKMmnAlT3xSOUj7ybqzsfI40V0K0QybuLcsaa34vxmtOd2dRKaVCBtgpFEMyJ6i5GNOaH2ZnvxWrsXjB7Qfl/s1600/IMGH_06144.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFYs_f1kStIr1fUofHxVmR3jBI3VL2rXpYIQZKh5-G5O0FISSMUm7xd626EcDnh1n4K0hKsDO6M5tt4FX77sJuBaklpZ1X8LKyGUU8W3BklcGBOVG6jd2GyjYIDIcWQLSm9gHBbxxGrWI/s1600/IMGH_06297.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFYs_f1kStIr1fUofHxVmR3jBI3VL2rXpYIQZKh5-G5O0FISSMUm7xd626EcDnh1n4K0hKsDO6M5tt4FX77sJuBaklpZ1X8LKyGUU8W3BklcGBOVG6jd2GyjYIDIcWQLSm9gHBbxxGrWI/s1600/IMGH_06297.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPXzIXVyaPDwpToFSC1vdzMDYuxQXyIDdwkhjFY2xA-4Ymkkp4UREj1MxFdP8oGMX888bEiPtb0BdNSNnOcI3ijnNSZp7BKEM9ZxXWPf9ddAM5ugySZIODd7SW6kJDVgCHI_nPat_3xKsD/s1600/IMGH_06299.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPXzIXVyaPDwpToFSC1vdzMDYuxQXyIDdwkhjFY2xA-4Ymkkp4UREj1MxFdP8oGMX888bEiPtb0BdNSNnOcI3ijnNSZp7BKEM9ZxXWPf9ddAM5ugySZIODd7SW6kJDVgCHI_nPat_3xKsD/s1600/IMGH_06299.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitc1so-0ZgSjCAK9G5qlbN9qPluziWQ6_5UeaxZ-hfUQNEo69GGlKHhg5y3N672nqRYfyQ04vLF71Oa-XH5L1YCeAkg32ry3HRw2B0ed6nnTQgG8Jdj_GYpPTXBFw3lmsydFr5PiVoOpRM/s1600/IMGH_06291.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitc1so-0ZgSjCAK9G5qlbN9qPluziWQ6_5UeaxZ-hfUQNEo69GGlKHhg5y3N672nqRYfyQ04vLF71Oa-XH5L1YCeAkg32ry3HRw2B0ed6nnTQgG8Jdj_GYpPTXBFw3lmsydFr5PiVoOpRM/s1600/IMGH_06291.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEictVgPgVKFJaB6xd3sQoK9OVgVZDofqHIJBd8iRAS9foLtlmBzx4AdfuGO_IlFjCD2lVvRLGjwMI9aGDr5DNxHlJa9xLo2MIYkDK4byEaZ3iZkbI0JcRC9_zsYEQ7Pwwt2GvUCdobXSBZ8/s1600/IMGH_06295.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEictVgPgVKFJaB6xd3sQoK9OVgVZDofqHIJBd8iRAS9foLtlmBzx4AdfuGO_IlFjCD2lVvRLGjwMI9aGDr5DNxHlJa9xLo2MIYkDK4byEaZ3iZkbI0JcRC9_zsYEQ7Pwwt2GvUCdobXSBZ8/s1600/IMGH_06295.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjKsUgCRjbthnf5OvMfLlLKDWpZ5i6Z8K83zvn_YmPiGayT5ogKLnJxFKwcyqhLqQ3DeryqLYFBp_NTHgiTjYLP1pY0P8dSNAOPIzi76cVknJPZpFCCffc4ktkfyWlgM8FL0_Q0ZhfPqb0/s1600/IMGH_06294.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjKsUgCRjbthnf5OvMfLlLKDWpZ5i6Z8K83zvn_YmPiGayT5ogKLnJxFKwcyqhLqQ3DeryqLYFBp_NTHgiTjYLP1pY0P8dSNAOPIzi76cVknJPZpFCCffc4ktkfyWlgM8FL0_Q0ZhfPqb0/s1600/IMGH_06294.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw9b_PA18tY4jpqzZVnX3nHGapvlMIKTXcK1cTAew65v64Eke2y8nKToj0WK1eB_GCjUQoKiLvDDcpiVc5Jtnfu9icd-vzK90cnvGUgTcQWXK-VVYN1yGsOzvQh15t2qystoemgSyEq71M/s1600/IMGH_06293.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw9b_PA18tY4jpqzZVnX3nHGapvlMIKTXcK1cTAew65v64Eke2y8nKToj0WK1eB_GCjUQoKiLvDDcpiVc5Jtnfu9icd-vzK90cnvGUgTcQWXK-VVYN1yGsOzvQh15t2qystoemgSyEq71M/s1600/IMGH_06293.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl6V0yDf6H3DlWmqhMrD823iwoeo9VGrL6-BpnUDGdSrhN0VnWsOK-Yg4VsJHchuxX_Fp3nuhMAlMMa8tPRvdhXU7QP7JGVT1tPbmoJRjwGJ5spCwHglyfi8aUii_YphuZBD3_bW6qcF-z/s1600/IMGH_06296.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl6V0yDf6H3DlWmqhMrD823iwoeo9VGrL6-BpnUDGdSrhN0VnWsOK-Yg4VsJHchuxX_Fp3nuhMAlMMa8tPRvdhXU7QP7JGVT1tPbmoJRjwGJ5spCwHglyfi8aUii_YphuZBD3_bW6qcF-z/s1600/IMGH_06296.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyLVDwUsm41PRoOnE6LAj14aaNIs-888gcSTkAv7jjIig0nzFzCeVfW1e9rtrqGLAJmx3ULeYZubVFBpimJztzcw3_nns4twkMxDcKzMlVpMSII_91vC60CNNqBwoTZE7buJMXoNO-VO_k/s1600/IMGH_06292.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyLVDwUsm41PRoOnE6LAj14aaNIs-888gcSTkAv7jjIig0nzFzCeVfW1e9rtrqGLAJmx3ULeYZubVFBpimJztzcw3_nns4twkMxDcKzMlVpMSII_91vC60CNNqBwoTZE7buJMXoNO-VO_k/s1600/IMGH_06292.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The REFRIGERATOR COMPRESSOR ELECTROLUX OF1033A have had a defective windings therefore it was replaced an this here today opened for the WEB. (Happy grinding..........).<br />
<br />
These compressors have been successfully used in mass volumes in
the market since their introduction in 1992. Electrolux Compressor Companies were the
first to present this new range of compressors for household appliances, providing a
prompt answer to solve the ozone depletion problem<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REFRIGERATOR COMPRESSOR ELECTROLUX (VERDICHTER OE) OF1033A Compressor with hermetically sealed casing:</b></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHxw-rNyPViCaVopMxWjbjymVqHf9n9dyLgsomidlFUbpMQ9hziF_oklmIVHM-r_Ji3pH89Rdhrfy8bcAJBGSkng947IG0WctoTsMxLRKC1YqBezRKdlSJZCjLih7eAZCZsxtIgFyKkqRD/s1600/IMGH_06142.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHxw-rNyPViCaVopMxWjbjymVqHf9n9dyLgsomidlFUbpMQ9hziF_oklmIVHM-r_Ji3pH89Rdhrfy8bcAJBGSkng947IG0WctoTsMxLRKC1YqBezRKdlSJZCjLih7eAZCZsxtIgFyKkqRD/s1600/IMGH_06142.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>An electric compressor, particularly for household refrigerators,
comprising an outside casing (1), an inside body (2), a cylinder head
(3), a silencer (4) interposed between the cavity inside the compressor
casing and the gas inlet pipe within the cylinder head (3), wherein the
silencer (4) is substantially L-shaped, the greater side containing the
expansion chamber (5) and the lesser side leading to the gas admission
port (7) in the inlet valve and then to the outlet pipe (9) toward a
Helmholtz resonator, the Helmholtz resonator being formed in the
compressor body. The ratio between the area of the admission pipe (6)
and the transverse section of the chamber (5) must be approximately
0.03, and the length of the chamber (5) must be approximately 34 mm.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiitqG9_J_Sn7ipUvTEOq03jQUr6je5_eV9r50vM3wFebNKGDo_f2f-Z3koTQLpvPMjcHTOSj8w6eZ67EUrtz1pI8yw4avfnTfExfgv4-G4Ml5hZPXNE7wvRNQMozTrzfXoXEZVB5e1EsPe/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiitqG9_J_Sn7ipUvTEOq03jQUr6je5_eV9r50vM3wFebNKGDo_f2f-Z3koTQLpvPMjcHTOSj8w6eZ67EUrtz1pI8yw4avfnTfExfgv4-G4Ml5hZPXNE7wvRNQMozTrzfXoXEZVB5e1EsPe/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. An electric compressor, particularly for household
refrigerators, comprising an outside casing (l), an inside body (2), a
cylinder head (3), a silencer (4) interposed between the cavity inside
the compressor casing and the gas inlet passage within the cylinder head
(3), <b>characterized in that</b> in the chamber (5) inside the
silencer (4) the ratio between the area of the admission pipe (6) and
the transverse section of the chamber (5) is approximately 0.03, and the
length of the chamber (5) is approximately 34 mm, the silencer (4) is
substantially L-shaped, whereby the greater side contains the expansion
chamber (5) and the gas admission pipe (6) into the chamber, and the
lesser side constitutes the gas outlet pipe (8) from the chamber (5) and
that the lesser side leads first to the gas admission port (7) in the
inlet valve and then to the outlet pipe (9) toward a Helmholtz
resonator. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. The compressor of claim 1, <b>characterized in that</b> the Helmholtz resonator is formed within the compressor body. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. The compressor of claims 1 or 2, <b>characterized in that</b>
the expansion chamber (5) has two substantially parallel plane opposing
walls and two curved opposing walls with the same direction and
substantially the same angle of curvature. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. The compressor of the preceding claim, <b>characterized in that</b>
the silencer (4) has a constructional shape similar to a hook where the
outlet pipe (9) is placed on the end-portion of said hook.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
5. The compressor of any of the above claims, <b>characterized in that</b> the silencer (4) performs the function of reducing noise within an adiabatic change. <br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0CPycDSNDq_kFSa8rP9VQDx6lS4T1ZmyRB5DGQzJd34OhlEV0Es0C7aufFYiE3388ySYmODNJIx7zVX_oxHe0J2VGuXVG9c1L_kK0r_lIYpr7j2EdTNCSqKHh61nHttKjmV61DFwov-Hi/s1600/IMGH_06143.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0CPycDSNDq_kFSa8rP9VQDx6lS4T1ZmyRB5DGQzJd34OhlEV0Es0C7aufFYiE3388ySYmODNJIx7zVX_oxHe0J2VGuXVG9c1L_kK0r_lIYpr7j2EdTNCSqKHh61nHttKjmV61DFwov-Hi/s1600/IMGH_06143.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>The present invention relates to a special form of inlet
pipe for cooling gas inside an airtight enclosure containing an electric
compressor, particularly employed in refrigerators for household use.<br />
For
better illustration of the present invention it is assumed that the
pipe operates in close association with the compressor and that it is
made of injection-molded or stamped plastic. This naturally does not
limit the invention to this type of material and to this connection.<br />
The
fluctuations of gas pressure inside displacement compressors
particularly for household refrigerators are of considerable importance
in view of their influence on the efficiency and the level of acoustic
power emitted by the compressors. Therein the cooling gas coming from
the inlet pipe enters inside the airtight housing of the compressor.<br />
The
body of the compressor has an inlet pipe inside the casing connected to
the inlet valve via various channels and cavities that permit the
drawn-in gas to be conveyed inside the cylinder.<br />
Being in contact with all the hot surfaces of the compressor, the gas heats up and reduces its density during these passages.<br />
This leads to a reduction in the cylinder filling and thus ultimately to a reduction in the cooling capacity of the compressor.<br />
<br />
The basic mechanisms regulating the dynamics of the gas movements are as follows. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<li>1)
The mechanism of restriction of flow through each "collar" and each
connecting cavity constituting the system is regarded as an opening
constricting the flow of gas. This effect is of virtually static
character since the inertia of the gas is low, normally negligible, in
the inlet and outlet passages which have reasonable dimensions. </li>
<li>2)
The second mechanism is essentially of a dynamic nature, relating to
the sudden opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves. The
sudden discharge of an amount of gas inside a cavity of the system
causes an acceleration in the mass of the gas already existing in the
passages downstream of the cavity, thus permitting the arriving gas to
alter its thermodynamic characteristics minimally. The inertia of the
gas offers resistance to this variation of motion and results in a
pressure increase inside the cavity. Once this change of state has been
established the gas persists in its motion (due to inertia), producing a
rarefaction of gas in the cavity in which there was previously an
overpressure. The repetition of this process, as is characteristic of
reciprocating displacement compressors, produces a vibration of the gas.
From the point of view of efficiency alone, the ideal
solution would be the total elimination of any system of pipes,
manifolds and cavities that have the function of collecting the gas
upstream and downstream of the automatic valves.<br />
However,
maximizing thermodynamic efficiency in this way would accordingly
increase the level of acoustic power emitted, particularly during
intake, that is transmitted directly outside the casing of the
compressor, thereby compromising the requirements of quietness.<br />
It
would therefore be desirable, and is the object of the present
invention, to realize a compressor that combines high efficiency with
low noise, and is reliable, economical and easy to assemble while using
materials and techniques permitted by the state of the art.<br />
This
object is achieved with the device described, by way of example and
nonrestrictively, with reference to the adjoined figures in which: <br />
<dl>
<dt>Fig. 1</dt>
<dd>shows
a view of the inside of the compressor casing with the device shown
from the front, comprising a silencer interposed between the intake of
the gas from outside of the compressor and the cylinder head; </dd>
<dt>Fig. 2</dt>
<dd>shows a front inside view of the cover of the silencer; </dd>
<dt>Fig. 3</dt>
<dd>shows a lateral view of the same detail; </dd>
<dt>Fig. 4</dt>
<dd>shows a front inside view of the body of the silencer; </dd>
<dt>Fig. 5</dt>
<dd>shows a lateral section of the same detail. </dd></dl>
The essential idea of the invention is described here as follows.<br />
In
order to maintain the process of gas intake within an adiabatic change
(thereby preserving the cooling efficiency of the compressor), the
acoustic control system is preferably made of plastic material.<br />
An
expansion silencer is realized between two pipes (having different
sections) and by a Helmholtz resonator whose collar is positioned along
the pipe at the outlet of the silencer on the side of the inlet valve.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFHOcFkaomWiqhyphenhyphenC9J7PXgg8PWF4_66qPMiVidvxe2oaLPITi_sABz5UK_yssk_dmZy1iTpQrE0vL1wTxvWpCrw1DyC8FxqiKkEWYDw8EC5Vy-4nw6IuZVVN6OfU1EvH30Y7nKPtyzTkp5/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFHOcFkaomWiqhyphenhyphenC9J7PXgg8PWF4_66qPMiVidvxe2oaLPITi_sABz5UK_yssk_dmZy1iTpQrE0vL1wTxvWpCrw1DyC8FxqiKkEWYDw8EC5Vy-4nw6IuZVVN6OfU1EvH30Y7nKPtyzTkp5/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-4.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Inside
the silencer the spread of the acoustic waves is subject to
interference and reflection phenomena that attenuate their acoustic
intensity (understood to be the energy flow per unit of area).<br />
Experiments
have shown the transfer function of this component (understood to be
the relation between an acoustic signal at the input and an acoustic
signal at the output) when the silencer is subjected to an
accidental-type acoustic signal, in static states and in air. The
silencer has been found to be a low-pass acoustic filter, equipped with
two resonances f1 and f2 (see Fig. 6).<br />
<br />
The attenuation of the acoustic
intensity to resonant frequencies f1 and f2 is obtained by means of the
Helmholtz resonator.<br />
It is known that in systems composed of
several weakly coupled components (silencer and resonator) the
(generally complex) resonant frequencies are divided and shifted along
the axis of the frequencies of a known range, so that one frequency is
higher and one is lower than the frequency of the unmodified system.<br />
Thus,
if a resonator is applied to a cavity (and tuned to have the same
natural frequency as an acoustic mode of the cavity), two new coupled
modes are produced whose natural frequencies are disposed on the sides
of the original frequency. The separation between the frequencies is
proportional to the value of the coupling parameter.<br />
To obtain
good results with this type of coupling it is necessary to optimize the
volume of the resonator in accordance with the volume of the cavity and
also the position of the resonator neck, which must be located near a
loop of the acoustic mode to be attenuated to a greater extent. It is
therefore necessary to apportion these parameters to obtain a reduction
of acoustic pressure at the starting frequency, whereby the reduction
should be considerable but not excessive so as not to be compensated by a
considerable increase of acoustic pressure to the two new frequencies
that will be produced.<br />
It is furthermore stressed that there is no
flow of gas through the resonator cavity. Since there is thus no
variation in the gas temperature due to the interposed cavity, the
efficiency characteristics of the thermodynamic cycle are maintained
unchanged.<br />
<br />
The gas entering the compressor and coming from the
inlet pipe is not dispersed in the casing to be then drawn into the
inlet pipe present in the compressor body, but is immediately
"intercepted" and directed toward the head without being allowed to
spread.<br />
For this purpose a silencer is designed and mounted for
guiding the path of the gas and connecting on one side the area facing
the gas entry port in the casing, and on the other side the inlet port
in the cylinder head. The separation which the flow of gas thus
undergoes and the particular path that develops achieve the result of
preventing the gas from overheating and of blocking the intake noise
within the pipe.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigH1yqGcpfkS-uKf1ZB5xmKJ1iQ_vxqP8gTjKMOaoDhvR9s0KvohX5e3jzG2NsgCOSNttSvzvOYH4e7YxFoT_sXFYvZ3P6esqot5wmWROS6eTTOGU90NexIdyDb2ecAauhGR6EI93ffii5/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigH1yqGcpfkS-uKf1ZB5xmKJ1iQ_vxqP8gTjKMOaoDhvR9s0KvohX5e3jzG2NsgCOSNttSvzvOYH4e7YxFoT_sXFYvZ3P6esqot5wmWROS6eTTOGU90NexIdyDb2ecAauhGR6EI93ffii5/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
The features of the invention are specified in the claims that follow.<br />
Referring to the figures we can see the following components: </li>
<li>1) compressor casing </li>
<li>2) compressor body </li>
<li>3) cylinder head </li>
<li>4) silencer, seen from its cover </li>
<li>5) expansion chamber of silencer </li>
<li>6) gas entry pipe into chamber 5 </li>
<li>7) gas admission port in inlet valve </li>
<li>8) gas outlet pipe from chamber 5 </li>
<li>9) outlet pipe to Helmholtz resonator Connected
to head 3 of the compressor cylinder is intake silencer 4 made of
plastic material, with gas entry port 6 and gas outlet pipe 8 from
chamber 5, followed by port 7 toward the gas inlet valve in the head.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAr-plduhVOGyBe2QFaNbcrtF3rTmsRs04mRRy4e_spia3T9h7xrRvuaH-WRuunHGkRcbpy_50lz8vaeiz9DqpYGg0oxycrwEm5Z46aNIduN319QwbR4mHU-6KidIq2FOvqZ1iAYVJsjgV/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAr-plduhVOGyBe2QFaNbcrtF3rTmsRs04mRRy4e_spia3T9h7xrRvuaH-WRuunHGkRcbpy_50lz8vaeiz9DqpYGg0oxycrwEm5Z46aNIduN319QwbR4mHU-6KidIq2FOvqZ1iAYVJsjgV/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-2.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
The cooling gas in pipe 6 enters chamber 5 inside silencer 4.<br />
The
silencer is interposed between the cavity inside the compressor casing
and the gas inlet pipe within cylinder head 3, and is substantially
L-shaped, whereby the greater side, widened at the center and virtually
box-shaped, contains expansion chamber 5 and gas admission pipe 6 into
the chamber, and the restriction of the lesser side constitutes gas
outlet pipe 8 from chamber 5.<br />
After the restriction the lesser
side leads first to gas admission hole 7 in the inlet valve and then to
outlet pipe 9 toward a Helmholtz resonator, consisting of a suitable
cavity formed within the compressor body.<br />
Expansion chamber 5 can
have different forms, but preferably has two substantially parallel
plane opposing walls and two curved opposing walls with the same
direction and with substantially the same angle of curvature.<br />
Chamber 5 can also have different forms provided that the following proportions are maintained between some critical dimensions.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZB5j80cd41murhaVmn5UhFj1jgLBgoKKzU3zsxXDlYkOwnR3S6kPLzbZJsd2wE-xUfFAW7sraZ5mOfibFxJ8fb57sMBoEtGexC5ESwil7Gep5Z0H-A3YhW26Ppw5c0Y-aEqCjnzLOKdgL/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZB5j80cd41murhaVmn5UhFj1jgLBgoKKzU3zsxXDlYkOwnR3S6kPLzbZJsd2wE-xUfFAW7sraZ5mOfibFxJ8fb57sMBoEtGexC5ESwil7Gep5Z0H-A3YhW26Ppw5c0Y-aEqCjnzLOKdgL/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-3.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
The ratio between the area of admission pipe 6 and the transverse section of chamber 5 must be approximately 0.03.<br />
Furthermore the length of cavity 5 must be approximately 34 mm.<br />
In
order to maintain the process of gas intake within an adiabatic change
(thereby preserving the cooling efficiency of the compressor), the
silencer is preferably made of plastic material.<br />
It is understood
that what has been said and shown with reference to the adjoined
drawings is intended only to exemplify the invention, and that numerous
variants and modifications may be produced without departing from the
present invention as defined in the claims.<br />
</li>
</div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The
compressor was originally designed by Bosch (Germany)<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><i>Verdichter
Oe </i></b> i</span>n Fürstenfeld, Austria., the largest producer of refrigeration
compressors in the world with an annual production of 21 million compressors in its seven
plants located in four continents.<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><i>Verdichter
Oe</i></b> </span><span style="color: #004000; font-size: small;">History</span></h2>
<table border="4" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1982</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Project initiated by the Zanussi Group for a factory near
Fürstenfeld, Austria, with the capacity of 1 million compressors per year. The name of
the factory, "Verdichter", is the German word for "compressor".</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1983</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of production in one shift</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1984</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of production in two shifts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1986</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Change of ownership (Electrolux
Group buys Zanussi)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1988</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of production in three shifts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1990</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Production decrease (Massacre on Tian'anmen Square, less
exports to China)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1994</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Restart of production in three shifts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1995</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of Flexible Shift System (including Saturday morning
shift)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1996</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of "Kappa" Project
(Development of a new generation of compressors)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1998</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of production 6 days x 24 hours a week</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1999</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Enlargement of factory buildings for Kappa production line</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-34695855235888691412012-08-30T17:00:00.000-07:002013-12-25T11:42:04.350-08:00REX (ZANUSSI) IR023S YEAR 1985.<span id="goog_1823406046"></span><span id="goog_1823406047"></span><span id="goog_1730393826"></span><span id="goog_1730393827"></span><span id="goog_1064276336"></span><span id="goog_1064276337"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheI6LwLPDxtHE9TCNFJwhRi17RMvl4Vy7KjShEaYsABli58nFBxZGLItx4Ko2qSsgqCxkb-5E5Cn6IQoZ2wCTiEBjRC7FRWQwpN3mnDzUTkMTqQaxGuSQOGf4wJuktL8BRjgVEto9fLBy4/s1600/IMGH_06002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheI6LwLPDxtHE9TCNFJwhRi17RMvl4Vy7KjShEaYsABli58nFBxZGLItx4Ko2qSsgqCxkb-5E5Cn6IQoZ2wCTiEBjRC7FRWQwpN3mnDzUTkMTqQaxGuSQOGf4wJuktL8BRjgVEto9fLBy4/s320/IMGH_06002.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s1600/IMGH_06007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s320/IMGH_06007.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<span id="goog_1581814600"></span><span id="goog_1581814601"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyIYe1EggckNcPJm7DSf6KLPM0iCEGgNCrXNhRioUzxTKaXD9v0eXUputFc1p2ojH4lDwcYJjsFRwWKATV9UnlWqAVfciBVzfWit0KrjS5KnbLOU0UwffboMSxqIe7gQNCUvAPownx6VvZ/s1600/IMGH_06003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyIYe1EggckNcPJm7DSf6KLPM0iCEGgNCrXNhRioUzxTKaXD9v0eXUputFc1p2ojH4lDwcYJjsFRwWKATV9UnlWqAVfciBVzfWit0KrjS5KnbLOU0UwffboMSxqIe7gQNCUvAPownx6VvZ/s320/IMGH_06003.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s320/IMGH_06004.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s320/IMGH_06005.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSdjKioMJUjW4t5NCuYRrhMd_7ufEZ2K7z-ifztE5u9rhMSyxJDhkJoMLNRxD2PPDiJhBnjU5RPzpD2J8pX7PqZw1bNPWEa05ms3EljEHLKK0SHb0wJMhuaAc2_CABumN7f9UEWMgGXjPz/s1600/IR023S-MAIN.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSdjKioMJUjW4t5NCuYRrhMd_7ufEZ2K7z-ifztE5u9rhMSyxJDhkJoMLNRxD2PPDiJhBnjU5RPzpD2J8pX7PqZw1bNPWEa05ms3EljEHLKK0SHb0wJMhuaAc2_CABumN7f9UEWMgGXjPz/s1600/IR023S-MAIN.jpg" height="320" width="188" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s320/IMGH_06008.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSPZVPNPZ4Ql4ZtKSgvySng5R-FuHxCMqBr9XBJpfbXat9BsHORCQkiEBP4kTFQDwqcGaqz3Z9oeUZoLa289A6PVLjoONCQwzCat4-Fr9Nx4imrKf5hayaOW_QcHj-cudr3ZNZeeS1V-dL/s1600/IR023S-DIFFUSOR.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSPZVPNPZ4Ql4ZtKSgvySng5R-FuHxCMqBr9XBJpfbXat9BsHORCQkiEBP4kTFQDwqcGaqz3Z9oeUZoLa289A6PVLjoONCQwzCat4-Fr9Nx4imrKf5hayaOW_QcHj-cudr3ZNZeeS1V-dL/s1600/IR023S-DIFFUSOR.jpg" height="245" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgzsBAkuPIRF7F8IjnlCKdrDp8nV8NtX0ZwNMd3PC7bA2f2H01LIKQEnMxF9JfvTx1uPkcewB_Xx03li2MCdTZIvg6V5bDvG4190kI5kZ967fWaUxqDQ6IRHyNk7M3nrqZut17YeD4NOmu/s1600/IMGH_06006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgzsBAkuPIRF7F8IjnlCKdrDp8nV8NtX0ZwNMd3PC7bA2f2H01LIKQEnMxF9JfvTx1uPkcewB_Xx03li2MCdTZIvg6V5bDvG4190kI5kZ967fWaUxqDQ6IRHyNk7M3nrqZut17YeD4NOmu/s320/IMGH_06006.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJa_BA_KzW9ngGOmij29WiLq1MZlJQ-_AMjdC9wcPlge7Tm8Rck52_o0C4GHeDH61TYckS8YJD236DoZrBtXLIICQyYbfzVWPoTKqV2AoL3bM3g1KATHeVWpTZoRAS8GoEkEGobk-uk3Ld/s1600/IR023S-DOOR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJa_BA_KzW9ngGOmij29WiLq1MZlJQ-_AMjdC9wcPlge7Tm8Rck52_o0C4GHeDH61TYckS8YJD236DoZrBtXLIICQyYbfzVWPoTKqV2AoL3bM3g1KATHeVWpTZoRAS8GoEkEGobk-uk3Ld/s1600/IR023S-DOOR.jpg" height="320" width="266" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj3f4WC7W-nh-qfxKanI_xcAaeT7LV_amvN_CGTjY9ytYqGCibhAqdtisVvbbA5iZ3LlGguxprCYMBJ_C-8NhwKQx2hz4j1SrWKKDTpS2YzchLbuX8YxxaC3FDRqIZgFysGjkpvdWCZN0u/s1600/IMGH_06009.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj3f4WC7W-nh-qfxKanI_xcAaeT7LV_amvN_CGTjY9ytYqGCibhAqdtisVvbbA5iZ3LlGguxprCYMBJ_C-8NhwKQx2hz4j1SrWKKDTpS2YzchLbuX8YxxaC3FDRqIZgFysGjkpvdWCZN0u/s320/IMGH_06009.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHn2BxkIRrQqk5bbtI3AnSjR3k96SHms647FSbZ7U-pRyTsWiPDvDaMU2pWcSISP3ZAHitIV40WLXnHuD-N8h_7tpfTqj0HAo8pse-S_ls-5r27G3stbiu8iIST2nQzL5vjASVI1_elaBY/s1600/IMGH_06010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHn2BxkIRrQqk5bbtI3AnSjR3k96SHms647FSbZ7U-pRyTsWiPDvDaMU2pWcSISP3ZAHitIV40WLXnHuD-N8h_7tpfTqj0HAo8pse-S_ls-5r27G3stbiu8iIST2nQzL5vjASVI1_elaBY/s320/IMGH_06010.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRcTGTS7YW7dqJSDK0W7NJ4Izyy7Am8UbEku7qgcFYs4Hf0YoeMWwcUK5EIEyQ8W052Uj5YQkOuvvGHF3Sqzmhfl6Jf4U-jcMJfs9lol4Qy50OgWSHfIgre_zEQspA1NjfAr8fV-4qz_z2/s1600/IR023S-PLANT.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRcTGTS7YW7dqJSDK0W7NJ4Izyy7Am8UbEku7qgcFYs4Hf0YoeMWwcUK5EIEyQ8W052Uj5YQkOuvvGHF3Sqzmhfl6Jf4U-jcMJfs9lol4Qy50OgWSHfIgre_zEQspA1NjfAr8fV-4qz_z2/s1600/IR023S-PLANT.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuodHKk8dQqiljJFzoUXZ55m0f_JtamiN5h7dOYdkY5NQ0laVQ5xIHupTZSMBEtuTIYc00sbh9gGhd9amq4kMTGazOlkqEyBW-8okNNQbhUOxgjTAp2XGbF2WrkLfGyelNyoI6u07z3ga/s1600/IMGH_06011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuodHKk8dQqiljJFzoUXZ55m0f_JtamiN5h7dOYdkY5NQ0laVQ5xIHupTZSMBEtuTIYc00sbh9gGhd9amq4kMTGazOlkqEyBW-8okNNQbhUOxgjTAp2XGbF2WrkLfGyelNyoI6u07z3ga/s320/IMGH_06011.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghleSr3JONDPg2uxhtJiaAS55_LfLaalPXZ6_DWUy7yUL8hGaRBJfjid8OW5EpvulMzgYsZAlC-b_M-7ahFgmqUM96RYJa4CtdDIP8s_4boe5o8E91MQ903m8u3qugjMlC-tvlUFmzxxtc/s1600/IMGH_06012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghleSr3JONDPg2uxhtJiaAS55_LfLaalPXZ6_DWUy7yUL8hGaRBJfjid8OW5EpvulMzgYsZAlC-b_M-7ahFgmqUM96RYJa4CtdDIP8s_4boe5o8E91MQ903m8u3qugjMlC-tvlUFmzxxtc/s320/IMGH_06012.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0uma3CQlxmp57VguKiLDaXg4kdLcrbcOARmbcUNvFh1fR8DX1TRFq3-SnvYNfvShbl-nHfo-yt9QP_iWwSa4wdvW0A3wvRxFijEO_WdGa6Ej4wtKX_UE-__rGb_rt4_L-4zpkuTxl5ERp/s1600/IMGH_06013.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0uma3CQlxmp57VguKiLDaXg4kdLcrbcOARmbcUNvFh1fR8DX1TRFq3-SnvYNfvShbl-nHfo-yt9QP_iWwSa4wdvW0A3wvRxFijEO_WdGa6Ej4wtKX_UE-__rGb_rt4_L-4zpkuTxl5ERp/s320/IMGH_06013.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhni_skWhSHBG86fDkOClpXyZUbenV1QuxRnmjnml6mVXCNQro6yna9D2UqOkbj3T_QqPa2iv37G07Rqm5M4LKKerId_uf1IiLX7I4yyCTxyuTodUnoxpNvafDf5Cx1Y6OiPLISTkGM9XZJ/s1600/IMGH_06014.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhni_skWhSHBG86fDkOClpXyZUbenV1QuxRnmjnml6mVXCNQro6yna9D2UqOkbj3T_QqPa2iv37G07Rqm5M4LKKerId_uf1IiLX7I4yyCTxyuTodUnoxpNvafDf5Cx1Y6OiPLISTkGM9XZJ/s320/IMGH_06014.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
This REX (ELECTROLUX) IR023S was superficially scrapped by the
owner only for a defective Compressor water defrost pan (see picture) therefore was little water on the floor during use. This was an easy & cheap
FIX. <br />
Obviously it was dirty and dusty, so I've cleaned and restored.<br />
<br />
The
REX (ZANUSSI) IR023S Refrigerator is really a beast it comes Up to
evaporation In the Freezer compartment in 12 sec after compressor start
even waiting a 24Hr complete stop and the Freezer compartment it's
cooled in a time inferior as 18 mins.<br />
<br />
This
REX IR023S is a 1985 model fabricated by ZANUSSI under first initial ELECTROLUX period of control because the model
was originally designed and fabricated in ZANUSSI Factory in Pordenone ITALY and is slightly different form the after model series with same model codings. Therefore this is a ZANUSSI developed fridge.<br />
<br />
It's super silent.<br />
<br />
All parts are original, the refrigerator was heavily used and throwed away............in working order.<br />
<br />
Compressor ZANUSSI ELECTROLUX <span style="font-size: small;">(VERDICHTER OE)<b> </b></span>V1040G R-12 115 WATT.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #666666;">Many contemporary appliances would not have this level of staying
power, many would ware out or require major services within just five
years or less and of course, there is that perennial bug bear of
planned obsolescence where components our deliberately designed to
fail or manufactured with limited edition specificities..............................</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>REX (ZANUSSI) IR023S REFRIGERATING APPLIANCE WITH SINGLE THERMOSTATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICE:</b><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheI6LwLPDxtHE9TCNFJwhRi17RMvl4Vy7KjShEaYsABli58nFBxZGLItx4Ko2qSsgqCxkb-5E5Cn6IQoZ2wCTiEBjRC7FRWQwpN3mnDzUTkMTqQaxGuSQOGf4wJuktL8BRjgVEto9fLBy4/s1600/IMGH_06002.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheI6LwLPDxtHE9TCNFJwhRi17RMvl4Vy7KjShEaYsABli58nFBxZGLItx4Ko2qSsgqCxkb-5E5Cn6IQoZ2wCTiEBjRC7FRWQwpN3mnDzUTkMTqQaxGuSQOGf4wJuktL8BRjgVEto9fLBy4/s320/IMGH_06002.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-e_IsbX8VaMlesO6tzLJ5pS-y-T0o5quyBpW59ZS53y5zftyZOq3nqB04cuHr-ZNegOoAlErNuNpWauwHfkMAvNjCTdEofm5AfsmfkOGhVa0J3Vwit6oX1PccmmZK1qfg9yhuasREjMcS/s1600/IMGH_05835.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>The
present invention relates to a refrigerating appliance comprising a
refrigerating circuit provided with a thermostatic temperature control
arrangement.<br />
Particularly, but not exclusively, the present
invention relates to a multi-temperature refrigerating appliance
provided with a single thermostatic temperature control device.<br />
Two-temperature
refrigerating appliances are well known, having two main compartments
which are kept at different temperatures and provided with independent
access doors. Usually, one of the compartments is maintained at an
average temperature of about + 5 DEG C for preserving fresh goods,
whereas the other compartment is maintained at an average temperature of
about - 18 DEG C for freezing purposes.<br />
Preferably, such
refrigerating appliances utilize one single-compressor refrigerating
circuit in which two evaporators associated with relevant storage and
freezer compartments are connected in series. An embodiment of this kind
is for instance disclosed in EP-A-0 298 349.<br />
The temperature in
the refrigerating appliance, determined by alternate operative and
inoperative phases of the compressor, is usually controlled by means of a
single thermostatic control device which is capable of sensing,
directly or indirectly, the temperature of the evaporator associated
with the storage compartment.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s1600/IMGH_06007.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s320/IMGH_06007.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s1600/IMGH_05836.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>More particularly, the compressor is
actuated when the temperature of the storage compartment evaporator
exceeds a given maximum value and is deenergized, in order to perform a
corresponding defrost phase of the storage compartment evaporator, when
the above temperature falls below a predetermined minimum value. The
temperature inside the compartments depends on the ON/OFF ratio in the
operating cycle of the compressor, as well as on the general dimensions
of the refrigerating appliance, its loading conditions and the ambient
temperature.</div>
It is known, in this condition, that when the ambient
temperature is particularly low the thermostatic control device makes
the compressor run with correspondingly reduced operative phases with
respect to the inoperative phases, in order to maintain the
predetermined average temperature of approx. + 5 DEG C in the storage
compartment. Under these operating conditions, therefore, the freezer
compartment is likely to be cooled insufficiently by the associated
evaporator, with a consequent deterioration of the goods contained in
the freezer compartment itself. Anyway, the long inoperative phases of
the compressor in case of particularly low ambient temperature cause
undesirably wide temperature fluctuations to occur in both compartments,
and this is in contrast with a desirable correct operation.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s320/IMGH_06008.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><br />
In
order to overcome the above drawbacks it is common practice to provide a
so-called "balancing" heating element (consisting of a heating
resistance, for example) in the storage compartment, the heating element
being controlled by the thermostatic control device to be actuated in
place of the compressor during the inoperative phases of the compressor
itself.<br />
The amount of heat generated by the balancing resistance
during the defrost phases of the storage compartment evaporator
artificially compensated for the low ambient temperature, in this way
promoting a better ratio between the ON and OFF phases of the
compressor, thus enabling the freezer compartment to be refrigerated
correctly and causing narrower temperature fluctuations to occur in both
compartments.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ZANUSSI-ELECTROLUX) IR023S Temperature control for a cycle defrost refrigerator incorporating a roll-bonded evaporator :</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>A temperat<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s1600/IMGH_06007.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s320/IMGH_06007.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>ure control system for a refrigerator including a roll-bonded
evaporator in the fresh food compartment in which is formed a
non-refrigerant carrying passageway extending the full width of the
evaporator. A temperature control located in the compartment includes a
temperature sensitive capillary tube portion extending substantially the
full length of the passageway so as to be subjected to the limited
environment of the passageway and accordingly responsive to the true
temperature of the evaporator.<br />
<br />
1. A cycle defrost
household refrigerator including a cabinet having an upper lower
temperature food compartment and a lower relatively high temperature
food compartment, evaporator means for refrigerating said compartments
comprising: <br />
a first evaporator located in said low temperature
compartment and a second evaporator arranged substantially vertically in
said relatively high temperature compartment and connected to said
first evaporator in series refrigerant flow relationship; <br />
means
for supplying liquid refrigerant to said liquid carrying conduits in
said first and second sections in series and for withdrawing evaporated
refrigerant therefrom; <br />
a temperature control means in said high
temperature food compartment including a temperature sensitive
capillary tube portion having a length corresponding substantially to
the width of said second evaporator; <br />
said temperature control
being operabl<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s320/IMGH_06004.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>e by the coldest temperature sensed along the length of
said capillary for causing said compressor to cycle off to cause
defrosting of said section of said evaporator; <br />
a passageway
positioned in heat exchange relationship to said second evaporator
extending substantially the entire width between the vertical sides
thereof; <br />
said passageway having a cross-sectional dimension for
allowing insertion of said capillary tube portion to a position
substantially the full length of said passageway and for insuring
thermal relationship between said capillary tube portion and said
passageway so that said capillary tube portion is subjected to the
limited environment of said passageway and the temperature of said
second section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
2. The household refrigerator recited in claim 1 wherein
said passageway is arranged below the liquid carrying conduits.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
3. The household refrigerator recited in claim 2 wherein
said passageway is formed to include a central apex from which said
passageway extends downwardly and outwardly. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. The household refrigerator recited in claim 3 wherein
there is further provided a drain means located below said passageway
for receiving defrost water from said second section of said evaporator.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A cycle defrost household refrigerator including a
cabinet having an upper low temperature food compartment and a lower
relatively high <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s320/IMGH_06008.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>temperature food compartment, evaporator means for
refrigerating said compartments comprising: a one piece evaporator
formed of a pair of sheets roll-forged together to include liquid
carrying conduits between said sheets, said evaporator having a first
section located in said low temperature compartment formed in a U-shape
to include a back wall portion having substantially horizontally
extending upper and lower wall portions and having a second section
arranged substantially vertically in said relatively high temperature
compartment and connected to said first section by means of a relatively
narrow neck portion; <br />
means for supplying liquid refrigerant to
said liquid carrying conduits in said first and second sections in
series and for withdrawing evaporated refrigerant therefrom; <br />
a
temperature control means in said high temperature food compartment
including a temperature sensitive capillary tube portion having a length
corresponding substantially to the width of said second evaporator. <br />
said temperature control being operable by the coldest temperature
sensed along the length of said capillary for causing said compressor to
cycle off to cause defrosting of said section of said evaporator. <br />
a passageway formed between the pair of sheets of said second section
extending substantially the entire width between the vertical sides
thereof; <br />
said passageway having a cross-sectional dimension for
allowing insertion of said capillary tube portion to a position
substantially the full length of said passageway and insuring thermal
relationship between said capillary tube portion and said passageway so
that said capillary tube portion is subjected to the limited environment
of said passageway and the temperature of said second section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
6. The household refrigerator recited in claim 5 wherein
said passageway is arranged below the liquid carrying conduits.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
7. The household refrigerator recited in claim 6 wherein
said passageway is formed to include a central apex from which said
passageway extends downwardly and outwardly. <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. The household refrigerator recited in claim 7 wherein
there is further provided a drain means located below said passageway
for receiving defrost water from said second section of said evaporator.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION<br />
The present
invention relates to cycle defrost refrigerator wherein defrost of the
fresh food compartment evaporator is accomplished during the c<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s320/IMGH_06008.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ompressor
OFF cycle primarily by convection of the relatively warm above freezing
fresh food compartment air and through the heat leakage entering the
fresh food compartment and more particularly to a control system for a
cycle defrost refrigerator incorporating a roll-bond evaporator. <br />
Generally
in a cycle defrost refrigerator the temperature of the fresh food
compartment is maintained by sensing the true temperature of the
evaporator. This requires that the entire length of the thermostat
control capillary tube be maintained in heat exchange relationship with
the evaporator. Traditionally many cycle defrost refrigerators suffer
from the inability of the control capillary to sense the true fresh food
evaporator conditions under critical usage conditions. This often
results from the inconsistencies of arranging the control capillary tube
relative to the fresh food evaporator so that it will sense accurate
evaporator conditions. These control errors often result in residual
icing problems, premature compressor trip-offs, and a wide dispersal of
operating response characteristics. One common manner of securing the
control capillary to the evaporator to insure that the full length of
the capillary tube is in contact with the evaporator has been to employ a
plurality of clamps spaced along the entire length of the capillary
tube. This method requires the use of external parts and labor to secure
them to the evaporator and falls short of solving the problem since the
relatively small diameter capillary tube realistically cannot conform
to the surface of the evaporator.<br />
<br />
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION<br />
An
object of the present invention is to provide a passageway which
extends across the full width of the roll-bonded plate evaporator and
whose cross-<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s320/IMGH_06005.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>sectional area assures introduction of the capillary tube to
a position occupying the full length of the passageway so that it is in
contact with the walls of the passageway. <br />
By the present
invention there is provided in a houshold refrigerator having an upper
low temperature food compartment and a lower relatively high temperature
food compartment including a one-piece evaporator for refrigerating the
compartments. The one piece evaporator is formed of a pair of sheets
roll-forged together to include liquid carrying conduits between the
sheets. The evaporator has a first section located in the low
temperature compartment and a second section arranged substantially
vertically in the relatively high temperature compartment and connected
to the first section by means of a relatively narrow neck portion. A
hermetic compressor supplies liquid refrigerant to the liquid carrying
conduits in the evaporator sections in series and for withdrawing
evaporated refrigerant therefrom. Located in the high temperature
compartment is a temperature control means including a temperature
sensitive capillary tube portion. A passageway is formed between the
pair of sheets of the second section of the evaporator. The passageway
is located below the liquid carrying conduits and extends between the
vertical edges of the second section. The passageway has a
cross-sectional area which is dimensioned to allow easy insertion of the
capillary tube to a position where it occupies substantially the full
length of the passageway while at the same time insuring accurate
thermal response between the temperature sensitive capillary tube
portion and passageway walls so that the capillary tube portion is
subjected to the limited environment of the passageway and accordingly
the true temperature of the second section of the evaporator.<br />
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS<br />
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a two compartment refrigerator incorporating the present invention; <br />
FIG.
2 is a partial front elevational view with the cabinet door removed
showing the lower compartment evaporator incorporating the present
invention; <br />
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view along line
3--3 of FIG. 2 showing the arrangement of the control tube in
conjunction with the illustrated embodiment of the present invention;
and <br />
FIG. 4 is a diagramatic showing of the one-piece two-section
evaporator incorporated in the embodiment of the present invention.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp7b-QFYb39wQ3FFbZeGmYqSCJmkuEeaBG6qU6-1tnuALx5ITBy3zYYpaBt-BBUkbcdi7gUmzwKyidB7ibGEgJRjUOMO3fhIc8L2msVNtBNbk4hchDJRKRs6CzLqDpwJwk3d9UxOhqjUBh/s1600/ROLL-BOND-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp7b-QFYb39wQ3FFbZeGmYqSCJmkuEeaBG6qU6-1tnuALx5ITBy3zYYpaBt-BBUkbcdi7gUmzwKyidB7ibGEgJRjUOMO3fhIc8L2msVNtBNbk4hchDJRKRs6CzLqDpwJwk3d9UxOhqjUBh/s320/ROLL-BOND-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION<br />
Referring
now to the drawing wherein a preferred embodiment of the invention has
been shown, reference numeral 10 generally designates a conventional
insulated refrigerator cabinet having a below freezing frozen food
compartment 12 disposed in the upper part of the cabinet, an above
freezing main food storage compartment 14 disposed below the freezer
compartment 12, and a machinery compartment 16 arranged in the bottom
portion of the cabinet. The frozen food compartment 12 is adapted to be
maintained at a temperature low enough to properly preserve frozen food
for long periods of time. Thus, the temperature therein is preferably
maintained somewhere between -10° F. and 10° F. The main food storage
compartment 14 is preferably maintained at temperatures above freezing
but low enough to properly refrigerate perishable unfrozen foods. It has
been found that temperatures in the range of 37° to 40 20 F. are most
satisfactory for this purpose. <br />
The compartments 12 and 14 are
refrigerated by a one-piece roll-forged evaporator including evaporators
sections 20 and 22 respectively which are connected in series flow in
the refrigerant circuit. The refrigerating system used for maintaining
the compartments 12 and 14 within the desired temperature ranges
mentioned above employs a conventional motor compressor unit 18 which is
adapted to be mounted in the machinery compartment 16 and which
discharges compressed refrigerant into the condenser 24 positioned
across the outside back wall of the refrigerator. Condense<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s1600/IMGH_06007.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s320/IMGH_06007.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>d liquid
refrigerant from the condenser 24 then flow thru a conventional
capillary tube (not shown) to the evaporator section 20 located in the
freezer compartment and then to the series connected evaporator section
22 located in the food storage compartment 14.<br />
<br />
The evaporators
sections 20 and 22 are fabricated from two superimposed planar sheets
made in one piece by a roll-forging operation. While the present
invention does not reside in a roll-forging method as such, a brief
general description of this method is included in order to facilitate a
complete understanding of all aspects of the invention. The pair of
sheets are superimposed upon one another with a pattern of stop-weld
material coated on the one sheet. The stop-weld material provided
between the sheets prevents the sheets from adhering to one another
throughout the coated area. Following the roll-forging operation fluid
under pressure is supplied between the sheets so as to dilate the sheets
for the purpose of forming refrigerant passages corresponding to the
pattern of the stop-weld material. The stop-weld material is so applied
that the internal refrigerant passages extend throughout the major
portion of the plate and in effect form two spaced evaporator sections
connected in series refrigerant flow relationship. A slot 26 is cut in
the composite plate after the roll-forging operation as shown in FIG. 4
so as to separate the evaporator section 20 from evaporator section 22
except at the narrow neck 28.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s1600/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s320/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
This narrow neck 28 includes a refrigerant
passages 30 (FIGS. 2 & 4), which connects the evaporator section 20
in series with the evaporator section 22. In installing the evaporator
sections 20 and 22 in the cabinet the evaporator section 22 may be
arranged as shown in FIG. 2 with its vertical side edges 32 adjacent to
side walls 34 of the food storage compartment cabinet and substantially
parallel to the rear wall of compartment 14 as shown in FIG. 1. The
evaporator section 20 as best shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 is folded into a
U-shape configuration including a back wall 36 and horizontally
extending top and bottom walls 38. It should be noted that other
configurations of the freezer compartment evaporator may be used in
conjunction with the present invention. <br />
The temperature of the
fresh food compartment 14 is regulated by a thermostatically operated
temperature control 40 mounted on one side wall 34 in the compartment
14. The control 40 includes a manually adjustable control knob 41 used
to select the fresh food compartment temperature and a control capillary
tube 42 arranged as will be explained fully to be in contact with the
lower portion of the evaporator section 22. The control 40 is used for
starting and stopping the motor compressor unit 18 in response to the
selected refrigeration requirements. The control 40 is of the type which
is adapted to close the circuit to the motor compressor unit 18 when
the temperature of the coldest portion of the control capillary 42 is a
few degrees above the melting temperature of the frost which may form on
the evaporator section 22 during the "ON" cycle of t<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s320/IMGH_06008.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>he compressor and
is adapted to open the circuit to the compressor when the temperature of
the coldest portion of the control capillary 42 approaches the selected
evaporator OFF temperature. The relative sizes of the evaporators 20
and 22 and the arrangement of the passages therein are such to provide
for automatic defrosting of the evaporator section 22 during the OFF
cycle without defrosting the evaporator section 20. It is important to
note that the control capillary 42 responds to evaporator temperatures
rather than the temperature of the air in the food compartment as it has
been found that the temperature of the air in the food storage
compartment may be maintained substantially between 37° and 40° F. at
all times even though the temperature of the evaporator 22 sensed by the
bulb 42 fluctuates over a wide range such as -6° F. to 37° F. The
temperature values given herein are primarily for purposes of
illustration and may be varied to suit different requirements. <br />
In
order for the capillary tube 42 to r<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s1600/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s320/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>espond to true evaporator
temperature rather than air temperature and to obtain accurate
temperature control it must control from the coldest point. In
conventional practice this can only be accomplished if the capillary
tube is securely and accurately positioned to be in direct contact with
the evaporator surface over its full intended sensing contact area or
length. To obtain uniform temperature calibrations for a multitude of
cabinets of the same type, it is necessary that the same predetermined
length of control bulb be arranged in heat exchange relationship with
the evaporator wall in each cabinet and that this entire length be in
heat relationship with the evaporator. <br />
By the present invention
the capillary tube 42 is positioned so as to respond to true evaporator
conditions. To this end an open non-refrigerant passageway 50 is formed
in the evaporator section 22. The passageway 50 as seen in FIG. 2 is
positioned below the lowermost refrigerant pass 52 and the lower edge 54
of the evaporator 22. The passageway 50 extends across the full width
of the evaporator and diverges downwardly and outwardly from a central
apex 56. The capillary tube 42 is inserted the full length of the
passageway 50 as shown by broken lines in FIG. 2 so as to be exposed to
temperatures across the full width of the evaporator. For example, the
temperature in the inlet area of refrigerant pass 52 might be different
than that in outlet area of pass 52. <br />
The length and
cross-sectional area of the passageway 50 relative to the diameter and
length of capillary tube 42 is such that the capillary tube 42 may be
easily inserted therein while at the same time insuring that a thermal
relationship is maintained between the<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s320/IMGH_06005.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a> capillary and evaporator. The
capillary 42 is so positioned in the passageway 50 that it sees only the
limited environment generated by the highly conductive walls of the
passageway. In the control employed in carrying out the present
invention the capillary controls from the coldest point along its
length. The arrangement of the capillary and passageway extending across
the evaporator insures that Off cycle will be initiated from coldest
point along the width of the evaporator which is below freezing and an
ON cycle which is initiated from the coldest part of the evaporator
which is above the freezing temperature. The passageway 50 as stated
above in effect creates an environment in which the capillary tube 40
can sense the true temperature of the evaporator. <br />
By the present
arrangement a constant temperature difference between the control
capillary and the evaporator is generated which insures a consistent
refrigeration cycle initiation and termination with respect to true
evaporator conditions such as overall average temperature and frost
conditions. <br />
The capillary tube due to its location below the
lowest refrigerant carrying pass senses the descending defrost water
which impinges on the outer surface of the passageway. The above
freezing temperature of the defrost water contacting the passageway 50
influences the temperature of the evaporator and accordingly the
temperature sensed by the capillary tube 42. Defrost water impinging on
the passageway 50 tends to flow downwardly toward the outer edges 32 and
into trough 58 where it flows into a drain tube 60 to be disposed of by
evaporation in the machine compartment 16 in any suitable manner (not
shown). <br />
While in the embodiment shown a single or one-piece
evaporator is shown it<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s320/IMGH_06004.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a> should be noted that evaporator sections 20 and
22 may be separately formed and connected by appropriate refrigerant
tubing. <br />
Further, the passageway 50 may be formed by brazing or
adhesively bonding a tube member to the plate evaporator. A tube so
bonded to the evaporator would create the same environment for the
capillary tube as formed passageway 50 does in that the capillary would
still be in a position to sense true evaporator temperature. <br />
It
should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiment
described heretofore is considered to be the presently preferred form of
this invention. In accordance with the Patent Statues, changes may be
made in the disclosed apparatus and the manner in which it is used
without actually departing from the true spirit and scope of this
invention. </div>
</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ZANUSSI) IR023S Method for making an improved evaporator. </b></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s320/IMGH_06004.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>A method for making an evaporator of the roll-bond type comprises a
first step of inserting a return pipe (1) into a passage (3) formed
between the two bonded sheets of the roll-bond evaporator (4), a second
step of compressing said passage (3) about the terminal portion (8) of
said return pipe so as to form a narrow and substantially annular space
(12) between said roll-bond passage (3) and a length of said return pipe
(1) inserted into said passage, and a subsequent third step consisting
of the injection of a semi-fluid substance having sealing and adhesive
properties into a further passage (9) obtained by suitably forming the
two roll-bonded sheets and having one of its ends provided with a port
(11) opening into said space (12), so that and until said substance
progressively fills all or part of its volume.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQEp6I4GccjQIkVxE4tryiR5lbeCq3OnU0XEY1glHkOhLnYmqNYZKjomkcy9QCWnSLEviIKCicQGrJja-NLV7CE14kEPvdJTQRgapB5QAVpyNMa5vuCR_Dt-NP5ns6dJfDupbC01FRtKXO/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQEp6I4GccjQIkVxE4tryiR5lbeCq3OnU0XEY1glHkOhLnYmqNYZKjomkcy9QCWnSLEviIKCicQGrJja-NLV7CE14kEPvdJTQRgapB5QAVpyNMa5vuCR_Dt-NP5ns6dJfDupbC01FRtKXO/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. A method for making an evaporator of the roll bond type,
particularly for use in domestic refrigerating appliances, with a frist
step comprising the insertion of a return pipe into a retrun passage
formed between the two bonded sheet layers of the roll bond evaporator, a
second step comprising the compression of said return passage about an
end portion of said return pipe so as to form a narrow substantially
annular space, preferably of a length of at least 20 mm, between the
inner wall of said return passage and the outer face of said return pipe
inserted therein, characterized by the provision of a third step
comprising the injection of a semi-fluid substance having sealing and
adhesive properties into a further passage (9) obtained by suitably
shaping the two sheet layers of the roll bond structure, said further
passage (9) having at one of its ends a port (11) opening into said
space (12), so that and until said substance progressively fills all or
part of the volume of said space. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that
said port (11) opens into said space (12) substantially adjacent the
bottom thereof. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that
said sealing substance is of the anaerobic polymerization type.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that
subsequent to the filling of said space (12), the corresponding area of
the roll bond structure is subjected to a heat treatment, preferably by
induction heating, for the polymerization of said sealing substance.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that
said induction heating step is carried out for an interval of about 10
to 20 seconds. <br />
<br clear="all" />
6. A method according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that said return pipe (1) is retained at a fixed
position within said passage (3) during the subsequent three steps of
the process. <br />
<br clear="all" />
7. A method according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the insertion of said return pipe (1) into said
passage (3) is carried out so as to avoid any contact between the two
components. <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that
said space (12) has a width of between o.2 and o.5 mm. <br />
<br clear="all" />
9. A refrigerating appliance provided with at least one
evaporator, characterized by being made with the employ of the method
according to any of the preceding claims. <br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
The invention relates to a method for fashioning a detail of
an evaporator of the roll bond type for use in a refrigerating
appliance, particularly of the domestic type, and to a refrigerating
appliance equipped with an evaporator fashioned by employing this
method.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s320/IMGH_06004.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
The invention is in particular applicable to a
refrigerator of the static function type or the forced circulation type,
with a single capillary or twin capillaries. For the sake of
simplicity, the following description will refer to the single-capillary
type, it being understood, however, that the invention is similarly
applicable to refrigerating appliances having more than one evaporator
and a corresponding number of capillaries.<br />
In refrigerant circuits
for domestic refrigerating appliances of a known type, the capillary
and the return pipe are connected to the evaporator by means of a
"union" using a length of pipe, preferably aluminum pipe, to be inserted
into a suitable cavity formed between the two aluminum sheets of which
the well-known "roll bond" evaporator is composed.<br />
As generally
known, the employ of the roll bond technique permits the manufacture of
the refrigerant circuit to be greatly simplified, although there are
certain shortcomings known to those skilled in the art and relating to
the method employed for making and connecting the evaporator.<br />
As a
matter of fact, in known refrigerating appliances equipped with a roll
bond evaporator, the return pipe is compression-fitted thereto by
exclusively mechanical means. This fitting technique is unable, however,
to guarantee hermetic sealing at pressures of more than about 5
kp/cm<2>, so that under certain circumstances the high-pressure
fluid tends to leak from the mechanic connection and to thereby escape
from the refrigerant circuit.<br />
The gravest inconvenience resulting
from this technique is the possibility of the escape of gaseous
refrigerant into the ambient atmosphere. This is because the connection
of the return pipe to the return passage of the roll bond evaporator as
well as the connection of the capillary to the are generally
accomplished by the employ of well known procedures consisting in the
compression from the outside of determined portions of the roll bond
structure about the return pipe and the capillary at the locations of
the return passage and the inlet pasage, respectively, of the roll bond
evaporator.<br />
This compression-fitting process may be accompanied by
soldering the return pipe to the roll bond structure at the point of
entrance, or by the application of an adhesive having suitable
characteristics to the surface of the capillary and that of the return
pipe at the respective compression-fitting locations.<br />
The
discussed shortcomings derive from the fact that the soldering operation
is always a critical process with sometimes uncertain results, and in
any case rather costly. For this reason the soldering method is
whereever possible replaced by the application of adhesive at the
compression-fitting locations.<br />
On the other hand, however, the
application of an adhesive to the surface of the return pipe to be
inserted into the roll bond structure is not without problems caused for
instance by the formation of bubbles in the thin adhesive coating or by
the presence of adhesive-free areas resulting from the viscosity of the
adhesive or from the adhesive being scraped off by mutual contact
between complementary surfaces during the fitting process, which is
usually a manual operation. Finally, the manual application of the
adhesive may result in the presence of insufficient or excessive amount
of adhesive on different surface areas, giving rise to faulty sealing.<br />
The
escape of the gaseous refrigerant cannot always be detected in the
course of controls during the manufacturing process, particularly in the
case of extremely small leaks. The full impact of the defect is thus
noticed only after the refrigerating appliance has been put into use,
requiring the manufacturer to carry out extremely onerous and laborious
service operations, as well known by those skilled in the trade, without
any remedy in sight.<br />
The construction and maintenance of
refrigerating appliances of this type are thus rendered rather
complicated by the described operations which do not, moreover, lend
themselves to being readily automatized.<br />
It would therefore be
desirable, and is in fact an object of the present invention, to provide
a domestic refrigerating appliance in which the above discussed
shortcomings are avoided without incurring construction complications or
the necessity of novel technologies, so as to maintain low production
costs.<br />
These and other objects are attained in a refrigerating appliance as defined in the appended claims.<br />
The
invention will be more fully understood from the following description,
given by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings,
wherein: fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a first step in the
method according to the invention for sealingly connecting a return pipe
to a roll bond evaporator, fig. 2 shows a second step of said method,
and fig. 3 shows a third step of said method.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8AgM8pT56uXZpJUp8ebmxZ6Rk_xIJ9Ms-RllWFfkL1ZkWG-apLnbdYFU4J7doJWeYvfhsNj_wfIoN9cdM0h0SkHk6iKC-eMGPFQ8ulaYWAbUogg8XwxbQDjdBubJ7PCAtZUevPjI0kgwz/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8AgM8pT56uXZpJUp8ebmxZ6Rk_xIJ9Ms-RllWFfkL1ZkWG-apLnbdYFU4J7doJWeYvfhsNj_wfIoN9cdM0h0SkHk6iKC-eMGPFQ8ulaYWAbUogg8XwxbQDjdBubJ7PCAtZUevPjI0kgwz/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-2.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
The method according
to the invention is carried out in four distinct steps, the first one
of which comprises the insertion of a return pipe 1, with a capillary 2
enclosed therein, into a passage 3 formed between the two sheet layers
of a roll bond evaporator 4. The insertion of return pipe 1 into passage
3 has to be carried out in a manner ensuring that the two cylindrical
elements are maintained substantially coaxial with one another, or at
least with their respective surfaces out of contact with one another.<br />
To
this purpose the diameter of return pipe 1 is selected to be slightly
smaller than that of passage 3, so that a space 12 of preferably about
o.2 to o.5 is defined between the two respective surfaces.<br />
As
generally known, return pipe 1 is inserted to a predetermined position 5
of its inner end, while a certain length of capillary 2 projecting from
the end of return pipe 1 extends through a restriction 6 formed in a
linear extension 7 of return pipe receiving passage 3.<br />
This
positioning has to be maintained throughout the three subsequent steps
of the operation, but then the operations of inserting the components
and fixing them in position can be readily and fully automatised by one
skilled in the art.<br />
The second step comprises the compression of
passage 3 about an end portion 8 of return pipe 1, and of restriction 6
about capillary 2, and is performed in the conventional manner.<br />
The
third step of the process comprises the injection of a semi-fluid
substance having sealing and adhesive properties into a further passage 9
obtained by suitably shaping the two sheet layers of the roll bond
structure. As clearly shown in the drawings, possage 9 has an outwards
opening port 10 at one end, and at the other, a port 11 opening into the
narrow space 12 defined between passage 3 of the roll bond structure
and the length of return pipe 1 inserted thereinto.<br />
It is important that port 11 opens into the bottom portion of space 12 as shown in the drawings.<br />
The
pressure applied for the injection of the semi-fluid substance is
effective to ensure that the substance progressively and completely
fills space 12 so as to fully replace the air originally contained
therein, the length of space 12 having been selected with a view to
achieving a reliable sealing effect.<br />
It has thus been found that a
length of space 12 of at least 30 mm is sufficient to ensure such
reliable sealing effect to guard against gas losses, even when space 12
is not completely filled by the injected substance. Even when the air
has not been completely displaced from space 12, leaving a small air
pocket adjacent the closed end thereof, the desired sealing of the
connection will not be impaired.<br />
As a matter of fact, the hermetic
sealing of the connection is substanti<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s320/IMGH_06004.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ally brought about by the
injected adhesive substance forming an annular diaphragm between, and
bonded to, the outer wall surface of return pipe 1 and the inner wall
surface of passage 3, this diaphragm being impermeable to the passage of
gas from one side thereof to the other.<br />
The formation of an
annular diaphragm having the above described sealing properties is
ensured by the injection of the sealing substance through the port 11
located, as has been pointed out, closely adjacent the bottom of space
12.<br />
It is preferable to employ a substance of the anaerobic
polimerization type and of very low viscosity, and thus capable of
penetrating even the smallest gaps of space 12 by capillary action.<br />
Preferred
in any case is the employ of a monocomponent anaerobic polymerization
substance, for instance TOPFIX NA 84 supplied by CECA company, which
requires a certain time for setting at least to a degree permitting the
evaporator to be subsequently handled as for mounting it in a
refrigerating appliance, without thereby endangering the previously
obtained seal.<br />
Since this time interval is usually not available
in an automatized manufacturing process with high production rates, it
is advisable to provide a fourth step which consists in performing a
heat treatment of the area previously supplied with the sealing
substance, preferably by subjecting the respective area to induction
heating for a very short time, for instance 10 to 20 seconds, by the
employ of a technique generally known to those skilled in the art.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0XjJLEjc0_OUIrMQGUyRUmwQ5oltdm_XAgCmMC14r6gYqm4_ok4JJHDP-57Zc3lu0dK_8Hh_z3fTz8icW3p2lUptlmz5dGKpyHjFCkrzUypuX-AEx6YEI8mgo6MbvedgjsQR3ioSpbxNC/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0XjJLEjc0_OUIrMQGUyRUmwQ5oltdm_XAgCmMC14r6gYqm4_ok4JJHDP-57Zc3lu0dK_8Hh_z3fTz8icW3p2lUptlmz5dGKpyHjFCkrzUypuX-AEx6YEI8mgo6MbvedgjsQR3ioSpbxNC/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-3.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
At
the end of this short period, the return pipe is perfectly sealed to
the roll bond structure, so that the evaporator is ready for further
processing.<br />
The preceding description has been given on the
assumption that the capillary 2 is contained within the return pipe 1.
The teaching of the invention still holds valid, however, when the
capillary 2 is to be connected to the evaporator independently of the
return pipe.<br />
The described method is thus conducive to obtaining
the following advantages: a) Rapid establishment of the connection
between the return pipe and the evaporator without the need for sealing
gaskets or other auxiliary parts, and without the necessity of a
soldering step, b) Simplified processing of the roll bond structure, c)
Simplification and flexibility of the manufacturing process (to be
carried out in separate steps capable of automatization), d) Overall
economy of the manufacturing process. e) Above all, the quality of the
connection is greatly improved as regards the obtention of a reliable
seal, particularly with a view to not readily detectable slow leaks.<br />
It
is of course possible to design refrigerating appliances with
modifications of what has been described above within the purvieew of
the present invention.</div>
</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (</b></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s320/IMGH_06005.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><b>ZANUSSI-ELECTROLUX) IR023S DEVICE FOR DRAINING WATER FROM A REFRIGERATING APPARATUS ON DEFROSTING THEREOF:</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>The invention relates to a device for draining water from a
refrigerating apparatus flowing from the evaporator thereof during the
defrosting phase. A device of this type essentially comprises a passage
extending through a wall of the apparatus and communicating with a
collecting receptacle for evaporating of the collected water. In known
devices of this type, the passage tends to become obstructed by food
particles, dust and the like carried in the drained water, necessitating
the passage to be regularly manually cleaned by the user. According to
the invention the passage has the approximate configuration of a venturi
nozzle, resulting in an air flow passing therethrough in opposite
directions as the door of the refrigerating apparatus is opened and
closed, whereby the passage is reliably kept free of obstructions.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgpElSVphWC5sKjALtzzVcmbCeigLp2Rx6_fIe5PrGCXNrKPielVwk4GfH4WF9A8UwE3m6b0WhC2XO67mL6i3Ac7sFfNkocTdJgjH2vv-JAj45H6tsTR7Tf9LTYhWXesRTKujrClpSmxT/s1600/IR023S-WATER--DEFROST-RECEPTACLE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgpElSVphWC5sKjALtzzVcmbCeigLp2Rx6_fIe5PrGCXNrKPielVwk4GfH4WF9A8UwE3m6b0WhC2XO67mL6i3Ac7sFfNkocTdJgjH2vv-JAj45H6tsTR7Tf9LTYhWXesRTKujrClpSmxT/s1600/IR023S-WATER--DEFROST-RECEPTACLE.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. Device for Draining Water from a Refrig erating
Apparatus on Defrosting Thereof Patent Claim A device for draining water
from the evaporator of a refrigerting apparatus on defrosting thereof,
said device comprising a water collecting receptacle located below said
.vporator and dimensioned in conformity to said evaporator, a duct
portion connected to said receptacle and paasng at least partially
through a respective thermo-insulated wall of said apparatus, and
optionally a drain conduit communicating with said duct portion and
extending along the outer surface of said wall, said conduit terminating
adjacent a further water collecting receptacle located in the lower
portion of said apparatus, characterlged in that said duct portion (10)
is of conical. configuration converging towards said wall (11) so as to
define a passage (12) of reduced cross-sectional area, and in that there
is provided at least one profile element (114) adapted to be secured
through said wall (11) together with said duct portion (10), said
profile element (114) being formed with a first conical portion (15)
adapted to receive said duct portion (10) therein, and a second conical
portion (16) converging towards said first conical portion (15) and
formed with a projecting lip (17) at a position above said conduit (21).
<br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
Device for Draining Water from a Refrig erating Apparatus
on Defrosting Thereof Description The present invention relates to a
simple device for collecting the water set free by defrosting the
evaporator of a refrigerating apparatus and for draining such water to
the exterior of the apparatus.<br />
As generally known the defrosting
of the evaporator of a refrigerating apparatus is normally carried out
by utilizing the heat produced by suitable electric heater elements
disposed in heat-conducting contact with the evaporator, such heater
elements being periodically energized and deenergized by thermostatic
control means ip response to the terperature sensed thereby.<br />
The
water set free by the defrosting operation is usually collected in at
least one receptacle disposed below the evaporator and dimensioned in
conformity therewith. The collected water is then drained to the
exterior of the apparatus through a cylindrical passage having a small
cross-sectional area connected to the receptacle and extending through
the rear wall of the apparatus.<br />
The passage itself is connected to
a further conduit having a larger cross-sectional area and extending
vertically along 'the outer surface of the rear wall to terminate
adjacent a further collecting receptacle provided in a lower part of the
apparatus.<br />
The water contained in the further receptacle is then
progressively evaporated by the heat produced by the condenser of the
apparatus, the latter being disposed along the outer surface of the rear
wall of the apparatus and extending partially into the further
receptacle.<br />
In another embodiment the further receptacle is shaped
to conform to a top portion of the compressor and disposed in
heat-translttlng contact therewith, so that the water contained therein
is progressively evaporated by the heat transmitted from the compressor
to the receptacle, If in an apparatus of the type described the water
collected in the receptacle contained within the refrigerating cell
below the evaporator contains any food particles, dust or the like, the
described passage and conduit tend to become clogged after some time, so
that the water can no longer be drained from the interior of the
refrigerating apparatus.<br />
As a result, the water will overflow into the interior of the refrigerating cell, with the resultant annoyance to the user.<br />
To
avoid this troublesome occurrence, known refrigerating appliances are
supplied with a small hand tool which may be inserted into the bores of
the passage and/or conduit for cleaning them of obstructions of the type
described above.<br />
In practical use it has been found, however,
that satisfactory results are only to be obtained if the user cleans the
passage and/or conduit at regular intervals in accordance with the
instructions by the manufacturer of the appliance.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s320/IMGH_06005.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
On the other
hand, however, the cleaning operation is often carried out in an erratic
fashion or not at all, resulting in the passage and/or conduit becoming
permanently obstructed, necessitating their replacement or repair by
skilled service personnel.<br />
The present invention aims at avoiding
the occurrence of this trouble yb providing a device for draining the
water from a refrigerating apparatus set free by defrosting there of,
the main object of the invention being the provision of such a device of
simple construction and simple and reliable operation, which is
effective to prevent the formation of obstructions of the above
described type without requiring any intervention on the user's part as
in known appliances of this type.<br />
These and other objects are
attained according to the invention in a device for draining water from a
refrigerating apparatus on defrosting the evaporator thereof,
comprising a water collecting receptacle located below the evaporator
and dimensioned in conformity thereto, a duct portion connected to said
receptacle and passing at least partially through a respective
thermo-insulated wall of the apparatus, and optionally a drain conduit
communicating with said duct portion and extending along the outer
surface of said wall to terminate adjacent a further water collecting
receptacle disposed in a lower portion of the apparatus In accordance
with the invention, a device of the type defined above is characterized
in that said duct portion is of conical configuration converging towards
said wall so as to define a passage of diminishing cross-sectional
area,<br />
and in that there is provided at least one profile element
adapted to be secured through said wall together with said duct portion,
said profile element being formed with a first conical portion adapted
to receive said duct portion therein, and a second conical portion
converging towards said first conical portion and formed with a
projecting lip at a position above said drain conduit.<br />
The
specific construction of the device according to the invention ensures
that the passages thereof are effectively cleaned of any food particles,
dust and the like, without manual intervention by the user, on each
opening and closing operation of the door of the refrigerating apparatus
by the air flowing through the passage on each such opening and closing
operation.<br />
The characteristics and advantages of the invention
will become more clearly evident from the following description, given
by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
fig. 1 shows a diagrammtical cross-sectional view of a refrigerating
apparatus equipped with a draining device according to the invention,
and fig. 2 shows an enlarged detail of fig. 1.<br />
A refrigeratign
apparatus shown in the drawings is in the form of a domestic
refrigerator 3 having a body 4 enclosing a refrigerating cell 5, and a
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgpElSVphWC5sKjALtzzVcmbCeigLp2Rx6_fIe5PrGCXNrKPielVwk4GfH4WF9A8UwE3m6b0WhC2XO67mL6i3Ac7sFfNkocTdJgjH2vv-JAj45H6tsTR7Tf9LTYhWXesRTKujrClpSmxT/s1600/IR023S-WATER--DEFROST-RECEPTACLE.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgpElSVphWC5sKjALtzzVcmbCeigLp2Rx6_fIe5PrGCXNrKPielVwk4GfH4WF9A8UwE3m6b0WhC2XO67mL6i3Ac7sFfNkocTdJgjH2vv-JAj45H6tsTR7Tf9LTYhWXesRTKujrClpSmxT/s1600/IR023S-WATER--DEFROST-RECEPTACLE.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a>door 6 hinged to the forward portion of body 4 for opening and closing
cell 5 from in front of the apparatus.<br />
Disposed in cell 5 is at
least one evaporator 7 secured i a conventional manner to a rear wall 8
thereof. Below evaporator 7 rear wall 8 is integrally forked with a
water collecting receptacle 9 dimensioned in conformity to evaporator 7.<br />
Receptacle
9 serves the purpose of collecting the water leaking down from
evaporator 7 when the latter is defrosted by means of conventional
heater elements (not shown), and to direct the collected water to the
exterior of the apparatus in a manner to be described.<br />
The lower
part of receptacle 9 is integrally formed with a duct portion 10 of
conical configuration converging towards the thermo-insulated rear wall
11 of the apparatus (fig. 2).<br />
Duct portion 10 is of a length
permitting it to extend partially through rear wall 11, and is formed
with a passage 12 of diminishing cross-sectional area.<br />
Inserted
between the inner panel 8 and an outer panel 13 of rear wall 11 is a
profile element 14 cooperating with duct portion 10.<br />
Profile
element 14 has a first conical portion 15 dimensioned for receiving at
least part of duct portion 10 therein, and a second conical portion 16
converging towards first conical portion 15 and formed with a projecting
lip 17. Planar wall portions 18, 19 and 20 of profile element 14 permit
the latter to be positioned in and secured to rear wall 11 of the
refrigerating apparatus.<br />
Profile element 14 is mounted in rear
wall 11 by first pushing first conical portion 15 onto duct portion 10,
followed by engaging wall portions 18 and 19 with outer rear wall panel
13, and wall portion 20 with inner rear wall panel 8 A further conduit
21 is secured in a con ventional manner tc the outer surface of outer
rear wall panel 13 at a position below projecting lip 17 of profile
element 124.<br />
As shown in fig. 1, conduit 21 terminates at its
lower end adjacent a further collecting receptacle 22 mounted on a cover
23 of the compressor 24 of the refrigerating appar-atus and shaped to
closely conform to said cover.<br />
Receptacle 22 is thus in
heat-transmitting contact with compressor 24, so that the heat emitted
by the latter is used for evaporating the water collected in receptacle
22.<br />
Receptacle 22 is preferably provided with a partition 25 for preventing the water from splashing over the rim of the receptacle.<br />
If
there is only a very small vertical distance between lip 17 of profile
element 14 and receptacle 22, conduit 21 may be eliminated, so that the
water flows directly into the receptacle.<br />
On the other hand,
receptacle 22 may of course be of different design and located at other
positions as in known refrigerating appliances, as long as proper
evaporation of the collected water is ensured.<br />
The formation of
the restricted passage 12 at the point of convergence of conical
portions 15 and 16 of profile element 14 results in the drain passage
being effectively cleaned of food particles, dust and the like carried
in the water set free by the defrosting operation, so that such water is
alway reliably drained into collecting receptacle 22.<br />
This
cleaning operation takes place in an automatic manner on each opening
and closing operation of door 6 as a result of air flowing through
passage 12 in the directions of arrows A and B. respectively.<br />
The
water draining device according to the invention is of simple
construction and reliable operation, and does not require manual
intervention on the user's part for cleaning passage 12, so that the
disadvantages and shortcomings of prior art draining devices are
effectively eliminated.<br />
<br />
<b>Compressor ZANUSSI ELECTROLUX <span style="font-size: small;">(VERDICHTER OE) </span>V1040G R-12 115 WATT. </b><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Compressor with hermetically sealed casing:</b></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHxw-rNyPViCaVopMxWjbjymVqHf9n9dyLgsomidlFUbpMQ9hziF_oklmIVHM-r_Ji3pH89Rdhrfy8bcAJBGSkng947IG0WctoTsMxLRKC1YqBezRKdlSJZCjLih7eAZCZsxtIgFyKkqRD/s1600/IMGH_06142.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHxw-rNyPViCaVopMxWjbjymVqHf9n9dyLgsomidlFUbpMQ9hziF_oklmIVHM-r_Ji3pH89Rdhrfy8bcAJBGSkng947IG0WctoTsMxLRKC1YqBezRKdlSJZCjLih7eAZCZsxtIgFyKkqRD/s1600/IMGH_06142.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>An electric compressor, particularly for household refrigerators,
comprising an outside casing (1), an inside body (2), a cylinder head
(3), a silencer (4) interposed between the cavity inside the compressor
casing and the gas inlet pipe within the cylinder head (3), wherein the
silencer (4) is substantially L-shaped, the greater side containing the
expansion chamber (5) and the lesser side leading to the gas admission
port (7) in the inlet valve and then to the outlet pipe (9) toward a
Helmholtz resonator, the Helmholtz resonator being formed in the
compressor body. The ratio between the area of the admission pipe (6)
and the transverse section of the chamber (5) must be approximately
0.03, and the length of the chamber (5) must be approximately 34 mm.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiitqG9_J_Sn7ipUvTEOq03jQUr6je5_eV9r50vM3wFebNKGDo_f2f-Z3koTQLpvPMjcHTOSj8w6eZ67EUrtz1pI8yw4avfnTfExfgv4-G4Ml5hZPXNE7wvRNQMozTrzfXoXEZVB5e1EsPe/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-1.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiitqG9_J_Sn7ipUvTEOq03jQUr6je5_eV9r50vM3wFebNKGDo_f2f-Z3koTQLpvPMjcHTOSj8w6eZ67EUrtz1pI8yw4avfnTfExfgv4-G4Ml5hZPXNE7wvRNQMozTrzfXoXEZVB5e1EsPe/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. An electric compressor, particularly for household
refrigerators, comprising an outside casing (l), an inside body (2), a
cylinder head (3), a silencer (4) interposed between the cavity inside
the compressor casing and the gas inlet passage within the cylinder head
(3), <b>characterized in that</b> in the chamber (5) inside the
silencer (4) the ratio between the area of the admission pipe (6) and
the transverse section of the chamber (5) is approximately 0.03, and the
length of the chamber (5) is approximately 34 mm, the silencer (4) is
substantially L-shaped, whereby the greater side contains the expansion
chamber (5) and the gas admission pipe (6) into the chamber, and the
lesser side constitutes the gas outlet pipe (8) from the chamber (5) and
that the lesser side leads first to the gas admission port (7) in the
inlet valve and then to the outlet pipe (9) toward a Helmholtz
resonator. <br />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPXzIXVyaPDwpToFSC1vdzMDYuxQXyIDdwkhjFY2xA-4Ymkkp4UREj1MxFdP8oGMX888bEiPtb0BdNSNnOcI3ijnNSZp7BKEM9ZxXWPf9ddAM5ugySZIODd7SW6kJDVgCHI_nPat_3xKsD/s1600/IMGH_06299.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPXzIXVyaPDwpToFSC1vdzMDYuxQXyIDdwkhjFY2xA-4Ymkkp4UREj1MxFdP8oGMX888bEiPtb0BdNSNnOcI3ijnNSZp7BKEM9ZxXWPf9ddAM5ugySZIODd7SW6kJDVgCHI_nPat_3xKsD/s1600/IMGH_06299.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>2. The compressor of claim 1, <b>characterized in that</b> the Helmholtz resonator is formed within the compressor body. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. The compressor of claims 1 or 2, <b>characterized in that</b>
the expansion chamber (5) has two substantially parallel plane opposing
walls and two curved opposing walls with the same direction and
substantially the same angle of curvature. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. The compressor of the preceding claim, <b>characterized in that</b>
the silencer (4) has a constructional shape similar to a hook where the
outlet pipe (9) is placed on the end-portion of said hook.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
5. The compressor of any of the above claims, <b>characterized in that</b> the silencer (4) performs the function of reducing noise within an adiabatic change. <br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEictVgPgVKFJaB6xd3sQoK9OVgVZDofqHIJBd8iRAS9foLtlmBzx4AdfuGO_IlFjCD2lVvRLGjwMI9aGDr5DNxHlJa9xLo2MIYkDK4byEaZ3iZkbI0JcRC9_zsYEQ7Pwwt2GvUCdobXSBZ8/s1600/IMGH_06295.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEictVgPgVKFJaB6xd3sQoK9OVgVZDofqHIJBd8iRAS9foLtlmBzx4AdfuGO_IlFjCD2lVvRLGjwMI9aGDr5DNxHlJa9xLo2MIYkDK4byEaZ3iZkbI0JcRC9_zsYEQ7Pwwt2GvUCdobXSBZ8/s1600/IMGH_06295.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0CPycDSNDq_kFSa8rP9VQDx6lS4T1ZmyRB5DGQzJd34OhlEV0Es0C7aufFYiE3388ySYmODNJIx7zVX_oxHe0J2VGuXVG9c1L_kK0r_lIYpr7j2EdTNCSqKHh61nHttKjmV61DFwov-Hi/s1600/IMGH_06143.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0CPycDSNDq_kFSa8rP9VQDx6lS4T1ZmyRB5DGQzJd34OhlEV0Es0C7aufFYiE3388ySYmODNJIx7zVX_oxHe0J2VGuXVG9c1L_kK0r_lIYpr7j2EdTNCSqKHh61nHttKjmV61DFwov-Hi/s1600/IMGH_06143.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>The present invention relates to a special form of inlet
pipe for cooling gas inside an airtight enclosure containing an electric
compressor, particularly employed in refrigerators for household use.<br />
For
better illustration of the present invention it is assumed that the
pipe operates in close association with the compressor and that it is
made of injection-molded or stamped plastic. This naturally does not
limit the invention to this type of material and to this connection.<br />
The
fluctuations of gas pressure inside displacement compressors
particularly for household refrigerators are of considerable importance
in view of their influence on the efficiency and the level of acoustic
power emitted by the compressors. Therein the cooling gas coming from
the inlet pipe enters inside the airtight housing of the compressor.<br />
The
body of the compressor has an inlet pipe inside the casing connected to
the inlet valve via various channels and cavities that permit the
drawn-in gas to be conveyed inside the cylinder.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFYs_f1kStIr1fUofHxVmR3jBI3VL2rXpYIQZKh5-G5O0FISSMUm7xd626EcDnh1n4K0hKsDO6M5tt4FX77sJuBaklpZ1X8LKyGUU8W3BklcGBOVG6jd2GyjYIDIcWQLSm9gHBbxxGrWI/s1600/IMGH_06297.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFYs_f1kStIr1fUofHxVmR3jBI3VL2rXpYIQZKh5-G5O0FISSMUm7xd626EcDnh1n4K0hKsDO6M5tt4FX77sJuBaklpZ1X8LKyGUU8W3BklcGBOVG6jd2GyjYIDIcWQLSm9gHBbxxGrWI/s1600/IMGH_06297.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
Being in contact with all the hot surfaces of the compressor, the gas heats up and reduces its density during these passages.<br />
This leads to a reduction in the cylinder filling and thus ultimately to a reduction in the cooling capacity of the compressor.<br />
<br />
The basic mechanisms regulating the dynamics of the gas movements are as follows. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<li>1)
The mechanism of restriction of flow through each "collar" and each
connecting cavity constituting the system is regarded as an opening
constricting the flow of gas. This effect is of virtually static
character since the inertia of the gas is low, normally negligible, in
the inlet and outlet passages which have reasonable dimensions. </li>
<li>2)
The second mecha<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPXzIXVyaPDwpToFSC1vdzMDYuxQXyIDdwkhjFY2xA-4Ymkkp4UREj1MxFdP8oGMX888bEiPtb0BdNSNnOcI3ijnNSZp7BKEM9ZxXWPf9ddAM5ugySZIODd7SW6kJDVgCHI_nPat_3xKsD/s1600/IMGH_06299.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPXzIXVyaPDwpToFSC1vdzMDYuxQXyIDdwkhjFY2xA-4Ymkkp4UREj1MxFdP8oGMX888bEiPtb0BdNSNnOcI3ijnNSZp7BKEM9ZxXWPf9ddAM5ugySZIODd7SW6kJDVgCHI_nPat_3xKsD/s1600/IMGH_06299.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>nism is essentially of a dynamic nature, relating to
the sudden opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves. The
sudden discharge of an amount of gas inside a cavity of the system
causes an acceleration in the mass of the gas already existing in the
passages downstream of the cavity, thus permitting the arriving gas to
alter its thermodynamic characteristics minimally. The inertia of the
gas offers resistance to this variation of motion and results in a
pressure increase inside the cavity. Once this change of state has been
established the gas persists in its motion (due to inertia), producing a
rarefaction of gas in the cavity in which there was previously an
overpressure. The repetition of this process, as is characteristic of
reciprocating displacement compressors, produces a vibration of the gas.
From the point of view of efficiency alone, the ideal
solution would be the total elimination of any system of pipes,
manifolds and cavities that have the function of collecting the gas
upstream and downstream of the automatic valves.<br />
However,
maximizing thermodynamic efficiency in this way would accordingly
increase the level of acoustic power emitted, particularly during
intake, that is transmitted directly outside the casing of the
compressor, thereby compromising the requirements of quietness.<br />
It
would t<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl6V0yDf6H3DlWmqhMrD823iwoeo9VGrL6-BpnUDGdSrhN0VnWsOK-Yg4VsJHchuxX_Fp3nuhMAlMMa8tPRvdhXU7QP7JGVT1tPbmoJRjwGJ5spCwHglyfi8aUii_YphuZBD3_bW6qcF-z/s1600/IMGH_06296.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl6V0yDf6H3DlWmqhMrD823iwoeo9VGrL6-BpnUDGdSrhN0VnWsOK-Yg4VsJHchuxX_Fp3nuhMAlMMa8tPRvdhXU7QP7JGVT1tPbmoJRjwGJ5spCwHglyfi8aUii_YphuZBD3_bW6qcF-z/s1600/IMGH_06296.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>herefore be desirable, and is the object of the present
invention, to realize a compressor that combines high efficiency with
low noise, and is reliable, economical and easy to assemble while using
materials and techniques permitted by the state of the art.<br />
This
object is achieved with the device described, by way of example and
nonrestrictively, with reference to the adjoined figures in which: <br />
<dl>
<dt>Fig. 1</dt>
<dd>shows
a view of the inside of the compressor casing with the device shown
from the front, comprising a silencer interposed between the intake of
the gas from outside of the compressor and the cylinder head; </dd>
<dt>Fig. 2</dt>
<dd>shows a front inside view of the cover of the silencer; </dd>
<dt>Fig. 3</dt>
<dd>shows a lateral view of the same detail; </dd>
<dt>Fig. 4</dt>
<dd>shows a front inside view of the body of the silencer; </dd>
<dt>Fig. 5</dt>
<dd>shows a lateral section of the same detail. </dd></dl>
The essential idea of the invention is described here as follows.<br />
In
order to maintain the process of gas intake within an adiabatic change
(thereby preserving the cooling efficiency of the compressor), the
acousti<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyLVDwUsm41PRoOnE6LAj14aaNIs-888gcSTkAv7jjIig0nzFzCeVfW1e9rtrqGLAJmx3ULeYZubVFBpimJztzcw3_nns4twkMxDcKzMlVpMSII_91vC60CNNqBwoTZE7buJMXoNO-VO_k/s1600/IMGH_06292.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyLVDwUsm41PRoOnE6LAj14aaNIs-888gcSTkAv7jjIig0nzFzCeVfW1e9rtrqGLAJmx3ULeYZubVFBpimJztzcw3_nns4twkMxDcKzMlVpMSII_91vC60CNNqBwoTZE7buJMXoNO-VO_k/s1600/IMGH_06292.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>c control system is preferably made of plastic material.<br />
An
expansion silencer is realized between two pipes (having different
sections) and by a Helmholtz resonator whose collar is positioned along
the pipe at the outlet of the silencer on the side of the inlet valve.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFHOcFkaomWiqhyphenhyphenC9J7PXgg8PWF4_66qPMiVidvxe2oaLPITi_sABz5UK_yssk_dmZy1iTpQrE0vL1wTxvWpCrw1DyC8FxqiKkEWYDw8EC5Vy-4nw6IuZVVN6OfU1EvH30Y7nKPtyzTkp5/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-4.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFHOcFkaomWiqhyphenhyphenC9J7PXgg8PWF4_66qPMiVidvxe2oaLPITi_sABz5UK_yssk_dmZy1iTpQrE0vL1wTxvWpCrw1DyC8FxqiKkEWYDw8EC5Vy-4nw6IuZVVN6OfU1EvH30Y7nKPtyzTkp5/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-4.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Inside
the silencer the spread of the acoustic waves is subject to
interference and reflection phenomena that attenuate their acoustic
intensity (understood to be the energy flow per unit of area).<br />
Experiments
have shown the transfer function of this component (understood to be
the relation between an acoustic signal at the input and an acoustic
signal at the output) when the silencer is subjected to an
accidental-type acoustic signal, in static states and in air. The
silencer has been found to be a low-pass acoustic filter, equipped with
two resonances f1 and f2 (see Fig. 6).<br />
<br />
The attenuation of the acoustic
intensity to resonant frequencies f1 and f2 is obtained by means of the
Helmholtz resonator.<br />
It is known that in systems composed of
several weakly coupled components (silencer and resonator) the
(generally complex) resonant frequencies are divided and shifted along
the axis of the frequencies of a known range, so that one frequency is
higher and one is lower than the frequency of the unmodified system.<br />
Thus,
if a resonator is applied to a cavi<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFYs_f1kStIr1fUofHxVmR3jBI3VL2rXpYIQZKh5-G5O0FISSMUm7xd626EcDnh1n4K0hKsDO6M5tt4FX77sJuBaklpZ1X8LKyGUU8W3BklcGBOVG6jd2GyjYIDIcWQLSm9gHBbxxGrWI/s1600/IMGH_06297.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFYs_f1kStIr1fUofHxVmR3jBI3VL2rXpYIQZKh5-G5O0FISSMUm7xd626EcDnh1n4K0hKsDO6M5tt4FX77sJuBaklpZ1X8LKyGUU8W3BklcGBOVG6jd2GyjYIDIcWQLSm9gHBbxxGrWI/s1600/IMGH_06297.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ty (and tuned to have the same
natural frequency as an acoustic mode of the cavity), two new coupled
modes are produced whose natural frequencies are disposed on the sides
of the original frequency. The separation between the frequencies is
proportional to the value of the coupling parameter.<br />
To obtain
good results with this type of coupling it is necessary to optimize the
volume of the resonator in accordance with the volume of the cavity and
also the position of the resonator neck, which must be located near a
loop of the acoustic mode to be attenuated to a greater extent. It is
therefore necessary to apportion these parameters to obtain a reduction
of acoustic pressure at the starting frequency, whereby the reduction
should be considerable but not excessive so as not to be compensated by a
considerable increase of acoustic pressure to the two new frequencies
that will be produced.<br />
It is furthermore stressed that there is no
flow of gas through the resonator cavity. Since there is thus no
variation in the gas temperature due to the interpose<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitc1so-0ZgSjCAK9G5qlbN9qPluziWQ6_5UeaxZ-hfUQNEo69GGlKHhg5y3N672nqRYfyQ04vLF71Oa-XH5L1YCeAkg32ry3HRw2B0ed6nnTQgG8Jdj_GYpPTXBFw3lmsydFr5PiVoOpRM/s1600/IMGH_06291.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitc1so-0ZgSjCAK9G5qlbN9qPluziWQ6_5UeaxZ-hfUQNEo69GGlKHhg5y3N672nqRYfyQ04vLF71Oa-XH5L1YCeAkg32ry3HRw2B0ed6nnTQgG8Jdj_GYpPTXBFw3lmsydFr5PiVoOpRM/s1600/IMGH_06291.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>d cavity, the
efficiency characteristics of the thermodynamic cycle are maintained
unchanged.<br />
<br />
The gas entering the compressor and coming from the
inlet pipe is not dispersed in the casing to be then drawn into the
inlet pipe present in the compressor body, but is immediately
"intercepted" and directed toward the head without being allowed to
spread.<br />
For this purpose a silencer is designed and mounted for
guiding the path of the gas and connecting on one side the area facing
the gas entry port in the casing, and on the other side the inlet port
in the cylinder head. The separation which the flow of gas thus
undergoes and the particular path that develops achieve the result of
preventing the gas from overheating and of blocking the intake noise
within the pipe.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigH1yqGcpfkS-uKf1ZB5xmKJ1iQ_vxqP8gTjKMOaoDhvR9s0KvohX5e3jzG2NsgCOSNttSvzvOYH4e7YxFoT_sXFYvZ3P6esqot5wmWROS6eTTOGU90NexIdyDb2ecAauhGR6EI93ffii5/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigH1yqGcpfkS-uKf1ZB5xmKJ1iQ_vxqP8gTjKMOaoDhvR9s0KvohX5e3jzG2NsgCOSNttSvzvOYH4e7YxFoT_sXFYvZ3P6esqot5wmWROS6eTTOGU90NexIdyDb2ecAauhGR6EI93ffii5/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
The features of the invention are specified in the claims that follow.<br />
Referring to the figures we can see the following components: </li>
<li>1) compressor casing </li>
<li>2) compressor body </li>
<li>3) cylinder head </li>
<li>4) silencer, seen from its cover </li>
<li>5) expansion chamber of silencer </li>
<li>6) gas entry pipe into chamber 5 </li>
<li>7) gas admission port in inlet valve </li>
<li>8) gas outlet pipe from chamber 5 </li>
<li>9) outlet pipe to Helmholtz resonator Connected
to head 3 of the compressor cylinder is intake silencer 4 made of
plastic material, with gas entry port 6 and gas outlet pipe 8 from
chamber 5, followed by port 7 toward the gas inlet valve in the head.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAr-plduhVOGyBe2QFaNbcrtF3rTmsRs04mRRy4e_spia3T9h7xrRvuaH-WRuunHGkRcbpy_50lz8vaeiz9DqpYGg0oxycrwEm5Z46aNIduN319QwbR4mHU-6KidIq2FOvqZ1iAYVJsjgV/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-2.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAr-plduhVOGyBe2QFaNbcrtF3rTmsRs04mRRy4e_spia3T9h7xrRvuaH-WRuunHGkRcbpy_50lz8vaeiz9DqpYGg0oxycrwEm5Z46aNIduN319QwbR4mHU-6KidIq2FOvqZ1iAYVJsjgV/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-2.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
The cooling gas in pipe 6 enters chamber 5 inside silencer 4.<br />
The
silencer is interposed between the cavity inside the compressor casing
and the gas inlet pipe within cylinder head 3, and is substantially
L-shaped, whereby the greater side, widened at the center and virtually
box-shaped, contains expansion chamber 5 and gas admission pipe 6 into
the chamber, and the restriction of the lesser side constitutes gas
outlet pipe 8 from chamber 5.<br />
After the restriction the lesser
side leads first to gas admission hole 7 in the inlet valve and then to
outlet pipe 9 toward a Helmholtz resonator, consisting of a suitable
cavity formed within the compressor body.<br />
Expansion chamber 5 can
have different forms, but preferably has two substantially parallel
plane opposing walls and two curved opposing walls with the same
direction and with substantially the same angle of curvature.<br />
Chamber 5 can also have different forms provided that the following proportions are maintained between some critical dimensions.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZB5j80cd41murhaVmn5UhFj1jgLBgoKKzU3zsxXDlYkOwnR3S6kPLzbZJsd2wE-xUfFAW7sraZ5mOfibFxJ8fb57sMBoEtGexC5ESwil7Gep5Z0H-A3YhW26Ppw5c0Y-aEqCjnzLOKdgL/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-3.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZB5j80cd41murhaVmn5UhFj1jgLBgoKKzU3zsxXDlYkOwnR3S6kPLzbZJsd2wE-xUfFAW7sraZ5mOfibFxJ8fb57sMBoEtGexC5ESwil7Gep5Z0H-A3YhW26Ppw5c0Y-aEqCjnzLOKdgL/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-3.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
The ratio between the area of admission pipe 6 and the transverse section of chamber 5 must be approximately 0.03.<br />
Furthermore the length of cavity 5 must be approximately 34 mm.<br />
In
order to maintain the process of gas intake within an adiabatic change
(thereby preserving the cooling efficiency of the compressor), the
silencer is preferably made of plastic material.<br />
It is understood
that what has been said and shown with reference to the adjoined
drawings is intended only to exemplify the invention, and that numerous
variants and modifications may be produced without departing from the
present invention as defined in the claims.<br />
</li>
</div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The
compressor was originally designed by Bosch (Germany)<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><i>Verdichter
Oe </i></b> i</span>n Fürstenfeld, Austria., the largest producer of refrigeration
compressors in the world with an annual production of 21 million compressors in its seven
plants located in four continents.<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><i>Verdichter
Oe</i></b> </span><span style="color: #004000; font-size: small;">History</span></h2>
<table border="4" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1982</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Project initiated by the Zanussi Group for a factory near
Fürstenfeld, Austria, with the capacity of 1 million compressors per year. The name of
the factory, "Verdichter", is the German word for "compressor".</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1983</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of production in one shift</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1984</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of production in two shifts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1986</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Change of ownership (Electrolux
Group buys Zanussi)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1988</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of production in three shifts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1990</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Production decrease (Massacre on Tian'anmen Square, less
exports to China)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1994</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Restart of production in three shifts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1995</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of Flexible Shift System (including Saturday morning
shift)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1996</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of "Kappa" Project
(Development of a new generation of compressors)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1998</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of production 6 days x 24 hours a week</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1999</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Enlargement of factory buildings for Kappa production line</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ZANUSSI-ELECTROLUX) IR023S Method of and apparatus for sealing tubes constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical conductivity:</b></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuodHKk8dQqiljJFzoUXZ55m0f_JtamiN5h7dOYdkY5NQ0laVQ5xIHupTZSMBEtuTIYc00sbh9gGhd9amq4kMTGazOlkqEyBW-8okNNQbhUOxgjTAp2XGbF2WrkLfGyelNyoI6u07z3ga/s1600/IMGH_06011.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuodHKk8dQqiljJFzoUXZ55m0f_JtamiN5h7dOYdkY5NQ0laVQ5xIHupTZSMBEtuTIYc00sbh9gGhd9amq4kMTGazOlkqEyBW-8okNNQbhUOxgjTAp2XGbF2WrkLfGyelNyoI6u07z3ga/s320/IMGH_06011.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>1. A method of welding
together pieces constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical
conductivity, wherein a piece to be welded is placed in contact with at
least one electrode of negative temperature coefficient, so as to
receive the heat energy which is developed therein when it is connected
to a source of electricity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the piece
or pieces to be welded together are placed in contact with a pair of
electrodes ol' negative temperature coeffici so as to establisll
electrical continuity between said electrodes and receive the energy
which is developed in these latter as a consequence of the establishment
of the electrical continuity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims,
wherein the electrodes are resiliently pressed on to the piece or
pieces. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims, wherein the welding is brazing. <br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims,
wherein the welding takes place as a result of plasticising.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
6. A method as claimed In Claim 4, which is used for
joining together elements of a refrigeration circuit, in particular a
capillary tube and a tube of greater diameter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
7. A method as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the tiie
tulle oi' greater diameter is previously deformed mechanically to
provide a seati ii# i'c,r the capillary tube, and to form a socket
region for receiving the brazing material <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. A method as claimed in Claim 4 and in one of the
remaining Claims, wherein, at least llnti ] the moment in which the
brazing material begins to melt, the intensity of the current
circulating through the electrodes is kept at a higher value than during
the time in which the electrodes are still maintained in contact witij
at least one of the pieces to be joined together. <br />
<br clear="all" />
9. A method as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the
intensity of the current circulating through the electrodes is decreased
for at least part of the time subsequent to the moment in which the
brazing material begins to melt, by connecting at least one resistive
component in series with the electrodes. <br />
<br clear="all" />
10. A method as claimed in Claim 5 and one or more
of the remaining claims, wllich is used for sealing a tube of a circuit
containing a fluid under pressure. <br />
<br clear="all" />
11. A method as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the
tube is meelBlically deformed on both sides of the weld before the weld
is made. <br />
<br clear="all" />
12. An apparatus for carrying out the method as
claimed in the preceding Claims, comprising at least one electrode ol'
negative temperature coefficient, and means for connecting it to a
source of electricity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
13. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 12, wherein the
means izor connecting it to the source of electricity comprise the
actual piece or pieces on which the electrode acts. <br />
<br clear="all" />
14. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 12 and/or 13,
comprisillg a pair of electrodes of~ negative temperature coefficient
which are mobile substantially in the same plane but in opposite
directions, and between which the piece or pieces, used as tlie
electrical connection means, are gripped <br />
<br clear="all" />
15. An apparatus as claimed in one or more of Claims
12 to 14, comprising a switch for connecting a resistive component I in
series with the electrodes. <br />
<br clear="all" />
16. An apparatus as cm aimed in Claim 15, wherein
the switch is controlled by a thermostat. <br />
<br clear="all" />
17. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 14, wherein at
least one electrode is mounted resiliently yieldable in a mobile
operating head wliicl, comprises at least one jaw for deforming the
piece, in particular for mechanically closing a tube.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
18. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 17, comprising
two mobile heads and control means for moving said heads.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
Method of and apparatus for welding together pieces constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical conductivity.<br />
This
invention relates to a method of welding together pieces constructed of
metals, which can be different, but which have high thermal and
electrical conductivity.<br />
Although the invention can be applied to
many fields, those of p<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuodHKk8dQqiljJFzoUXZ55m0f_JtamiN5h7dOYdkY5NQ0laVQ5xIHupTZSMBEtuTIYc00sbh9gGhd9amq4kMTGazOlkqEyBW-8okNNQbhUOxgjTAp2XGbF2WrkLfGyelNyoI6u07z3ga/s1600/IMGH_06011.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuodHKk8dQqiljJFzoUXZ55m0f_JtamiN5h7dOYdkY5NQ0laVQ5xIHupTZSMBEtuTIYc00sbh9gGhd9amq4kMTGazOlkqEyBW-8okNNQbhUOxgjTAp2XGbF2WrkLfGyelNyoI6u07z3ga/s320/IMGH_06011.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>articular interest are a) joining a copper tube
to an aluminium tube, for example in the refrigeration circuit oi' a
domestic refrigerator, and b) sealing the copper tube through which the
refrigerant fluid is charged into the refrigeration circuit of a
domestic refrigerator.<br />
In case a) , the copper tube can be the
capillary tube and alluminium tube the evaporator and/or the suction
tube of the compressor in the circuit. The capillary tube is that
element of the refrigeration circuit in which the (theoretically
isenthalpic) expansion occurs of the liquid refrigerating fluid whicli
leaves the condenser to then enter the evaporator. As the undercooling
of the capillary tube increases the useful effect of the refrigeration
circuit, it is usual to insert a portion of the capillary tube in said
suction tube.<br />
It is therefore necessary to make at least one joint
at the point in which the capillary tube enters the suction tube. A
further joint is usually necessary at the point in wliic the capillary
tube enters the evaporator, particularly if this latter is in the form
of a tubular coil. As it must be ensured that the refrigeration circuit
is absolutely hermetically sealed, the quality of the joints must be
excellent, in spite of the difficulties due to tulle fact that the two
pieces to be joined together are dii'ferent from each other, and have
such a high electrical conductivity that it is impossible to make the
joint by conventional resistance welding.<br />
<br />
Again with reference to
case a), a Jointing system is known which uses a short auxiliary copper
tube having an outer diameter intermediate between the diameter of the
capillary tube and the diameter of the aluminium tube. The capillary
tube passes through said auxiliary tube, and is joined to one end
thereof by torch brazing.<br />
The other end of the auxiliary tube is joined to the aluminium tube by further brazing or by pressure welding.<br />
<br />
This
jointing system is certainly of good quality, but is relatively
complicated and above all costly because of the copper construction of
said auxiliary tube. The absolute value of this cost is very high when,
in a modern industry, daily production amounts to several thousands of
refrigerators.<br />
<br />
With regard to case b), in the known method the
copper charging tube is firstly closed by mechanical deformation using a
clamp, and then, with the clamp applied, it is filled from its open end
with a brazing material melted by means of a torch. This method has the
disadvantage of not completely ensuring the opening of the welding
zone, requiring the use of specialised labour and involving the use of a
large quantity of brazing material when related to a daily production
of several thousands of refrigerators.<br />
The object of the present
invention is to provide a new welding method, in particular for joining a
copper capillary tube to an aluminium tube, and for closing the end of
t}ie charging tube of a refrigeration circuit, in which low cost and
simplicity of operation are attained together with excellent weld
quality.<br />
According to the method of the invention, a piece to be
welded is placed in contact with at least one electrode having a
negative temperature coefficient so as to recieve the heat energy
developed in it when it is connected to a source of electricity.<br />
In
a preferred embodiment of the method ac cordillar to the invention, he
piece or pieces to be welded together are placed in contact with a pair
of electrodes having a negative temperature coefficient so as to
establish electrical continuity between these electrodes and receive the
heat energy which is developed in these latter as a consequence of
establishing electrical continuity.<br />
The term electrode having a
negative temperature coefficient" indicates an ele<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuodHKk8dQqiljJFzoUXZ55m0f_JtamiN5h7dOYdkY5NQ0laVQ5xIHupTZSMBEtuTIYc00sbh9gGhd9amq4kMTGazOlkqEyBW-8okNNQbhUOxgjTAp2XGbF2WrkLfGyelNyoI6u07z3ga/s1600/IMGH_06011.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuodHKk8dQqiljJFzoUXZ55m0f_JtamiN5h7dOYdkY5NQ0laVQ5xIHupTZSMBEtuTIYc00sbh9gGhd9amq4kMTGazOlkqEyBW-8okNNQbhUOxgjTAp2XGbF2WrkLfGyelNyoI6u07z3ga/s320/IMGH_06011.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ctrode, the electrical
resistallce of which decreases as the temperature increases.<br />
The
heat transmitted by the electrode or electrodes to the piece or pieces
melts the welding material in contact with the piece, or at least
transforms the piece into its plastic state so that, in this latter
case, it is sufficient for the electrodes to exert a low pressure on the
piece to form the weld.<br />
The apparatus which enables the method to
be carried out and is also part of the invention comprises at least one
electrode of negative temperature coefficient, and meals lor connecting
it to a source of electricity.<br />
In the preferred embodiment of the
apparatus, the mealls for connecting it to tulle source OS' electricity
comprise the actual piece or pieces on which the electrode is to act.<br />
In
the most advantageous embodinlent of the invention, the apparatus
comprises a pair of electrodes of Negative temperature coefficient,
which are mobile sub staiitially in the same plane but in opposite
directions, and between which are gripped the piece or pieces to be
welded, these latter being utilised as the electrical connectioii means.<br />
All
the characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be
apparent from the description given hereinafter (which, as a
non-limiting example of application of this method, relates both to
joining a copper capillary tube to an aluminium suction tube of the
refrigeration circuit oi a domestic refrigerator by brazil and to
sealing the end ol the charging' tube of such a refrigeration circuit)
and from the accompanying drawing, in which:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA9aRo-kU9mzs2u1TySC3ZQ2NfBCcNQ_ep8X3wDkObmVDWRVSbFWxMXjFsb-ZRO8y3wBDT7DWfEbqEsdaSrmHzIXRlynEFwfLt7INsh9B4vWwLxxljCXH0Z1r3W8STtBA07Iz0o7TSr-7Y/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-1__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA9aRo-kU9mzs2u1TySC3ZQ2NfBCcNQ_ep8X3wDkObmVDWRVSbFWxMXjFsb-ZRO8y3wBDT7DWfEbqEsdaSrmHzIXRlynEFwfLt7INsh9B4vWwLxxljCXH0Z1r3W8STtBA07Iz0o7TSr-7Y/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-1__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
: Figure 1 is a
sectional diagrammatic view, through their axes, of two tubes during the
operations involved in their joining; Figure 2 is a cross-section
through said tubes on the line Il-Il of Figure 1 after the joint has
been completed and the electrodes used have been removed; Figure 3 shows
the electrical circuit used for melting the brazing material; Figure 4
shows the variations in the current intensity through the suction tube
and its temperature adjacent to the electrodes during the joining by
brazing; Figure 5 is a side view of the apparatus for welding (sealing)
the charging tube of a refrigeration circuit; Figure 6 is a section on
the line VI-VI of Figure 5, and Figure 7 shows a portion of the charging
tube after its sealing.<br />
With reference to Figures 1 and 2, a
copper capillary tube 1 is inserted directly into a portion of an
aluminium tube 2, for example representing the tube which constitutes
the evaporator of a refrigeration circuit of a domestic refrigerator.
There is thus a first great financial advantage in eliminating the
aforesaid auxiliary copper tube. The aluminium tube 2 can have an outer
diameter of 10 mm (against the 2 mm of the capillary tube 1), and has
previously been mechanically deformed over a small portion 3 just after
the mouth 4 to provide a flare 5 and a double lobed section at said
portion 3 (see Fig. 2).<br />
The brazing material and its de-oxidising
agent are placed in the flare 5. These substances are indicated together
by the reference numeral 6. The brazing material tried by the applicant
in the example of the application of the method described here was the
alloy known commercially as "So) dwiiol 1 265" of Messrs. Degussa ( the
alloy carries the symbol L-CdZn 20, in accordance with D1N 1707). This
is a eutectic cadmium-zinc alloy with Hs.5es of cadmium and a melting
point of 266 C. The de-oxidising agent tried was wSoldaflux AL" of
Messrs.<br />
Degussa (carrying the symbol F-LW 3, in accordance with
DIN 8511), its action being effective over the temperature range of 200
to 300 C.<br />
According to the invention, the high conductivity of the
aluminium with which the tube 2 is made is utilised to melt the brazing
material. Thus the aforesaid technical and economical drawbacks due to
the use of torch brazing are obviated. For this purpose, an electrical
circuit (shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3) is constructed comprising the
terminals 7 and 8 which receive an alternating single phase current
from the secondary winding of a voltage step-down transformer (not
shown), supply cables 9 and 10, and a pair of electrodes 11 and 12 of a
material such as graphite which has a negative temperature coeffi cient.
By the Joule effect, the electrical energy at the electrodes 11 and 12
is transformed into heat which reaches the brazing material by
conduction through the tube 2.<br />
These electrodes are brought into
contact with the portion 3 of the tube 2 at the beginning of brazing.
ln the electrical circuit diagrai ot' Fig. 3, the electrodes are shown
as two variable resistor with the said reference numerals 11 and 12,
whereas the reference numeral 13 indicates the resistance, obviously of
extremely low value, of the tube 2 through which tulle circuit is made.<br />
The
circuit also comprises a switch 14 wlich, according to the control
signals w<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuodHKk8dQqiljJFzoUXZ55m0f_JtamiN5h7dOYdkY5NQ0laVQ5xIHupTZSMBEtuTIYc00sbh9gGhd9amq4kMTGazOlkqEyBW-8okNNQbhUOxgjTAp2XGbF2WrkLfGyelNyoI6u07z3ga/s1600/IMGH_06011.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuodHKk8dQqiljJFzoUXZ55m0f_JtamiN5h7dOYdkY5NQ0laVQ5xIHupTZSMBEtuTIYc00sbh9gGhd9amq4kMTGazOlkqEyBW-8okNNQbhUOxgjTAp2XGbF2WrkLfGyelNyoI6u07z3ga/s320/IMGH_06011.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>hich it receives from the regulator 15, can be shifted from
tulle contact 16 to the contact 17 to connect into the circuit a
secondary branch 18 which comprises a high ohmic resist or 19.<br />
The
reglll ator 15 can be any device able to cause said resistor 19 to be
connected in series with the electrodes 11 and 12 and tube 2 when the
brazing material has reached its melting point, so reducing the current
intensity l in the electrical circuit. In this respect, the applicant
has fouiid that this lives an energy saving because the absorbed power
of the circuit call be reduced by as much as 7596 during tlie second
brazing stage (i.e.<br />
when the switch 14 is closed on tlie contact
17) with respect to the first stage (i.e. when the switch 14 is closed
on the contact 16). Advantageously, said regulator 15 is a rapid
response thermostat, the sensor of which determines the temperature of
the aluminium tube 2 in the immediate vicinity of the point in which it
is joined to the capillary tube 1.<br />
However, the regulator 15 can
be in the form of a timer, provided it is known accurately after what
time from the beginning of the operation the timer must shift the switch
14 from the contact 16 to the contact 17 (on the basis of all accurate
trial run of the brazing operation).<br />
The variation in current
intensity I (measured in amperes) passing through the tube 2 during
brazing, and the variation in temperature in C of this tube ( which can
be sprayed with a conventional coolant after' brazing) shown in Figure 4
have been obtained by tests carried out by the applicant.<br />
After
the brazing material has melted, the electrodes 11 aiid 12 are removed
from contact with the portion 3 of the tube 2, so that it is possible to
remove this latter (now joined to the capillary tube 1) and proceed to a
further brazing operation. In Figure 1 the approach and withdrawal of
the tube electrodes are shown by arrows.<br />
Fiiially, it silould be
noted that in this example the el ectiodes do not exert any mechanical
deformation action on the pieces to be joined together ( the tubes 1 and
2 in tills example). Thus(also because of the fact that the material of
which the electrodes are made has a Ilegative tell1J#erature
coefficient, i.e.<br />
its electrical resistance decreases as its
temperature increases) the method described herein is conceptually the
opposite of collventional resistaiice welding of ferrous metals, which
have a relatively high thermal and electrical conductivity.<br />
The
advalltages of the method according to the present invention can be
suiirtriarised as follows: pieces made of materials of high electrical
and thermal conductivity can be joined together by brazing other than
torch brazing, and thus more simple to carry out and of much higher
reliability; the energy consumption can be considerably reduced by not
supplying excess energy when this is not required; in tlie particular
case of joining a capillary tube to an aluniinium tube, it is no longer
necessary to use an intermediate auxiliary tube.<br />
With reference to
Figures 5 to 7, which show the sealing of the tube for charging the
refrigeration circuit of a domestic refrigerator with refrigerant fluid,
the tube in question, constructed for example of copper, is indicated
by the reference numeral 100. It is welded to the casing 101 which
contains the compressor and its electrical drive motor (not shown), and
communicates with the casing interior.<br />
In order to introduce the
refrigerant fluid, a connector element 102 incorporating a non-return
valve 103 is mounted on the free end of tle tube 100 by well known
methods. Again by well known methods, a charging pistol is connected to
the connector element, and when operated causes pressurised refrigerant
fluid to flow into the circuit. After the charging operation, the pistol
is disconnected from the connector element, and the circuit then
contains pressurised refrigerant fluid which cannot escape because of
the non-return valve 103.<br />
The problem solved by the invention is
to properky seal the tube 100 after said charging operation, without
usi)ig welding material.<br />
According to the inventioll, the problem
is solved by causing localised plasticising or fusion of the charging
tube, mainly by the lleat given up by electrodes 104, 105 of negative
temperature coefficient, for example of graphite, which are moderately
pressed from opposing sides against the tube and thus cause permanent
sealing of the tube by welding as a result of the plasticising or fus
ioll .<br />
Advai)te(J;eousiy, to prevent the pressurised refrigerant
fluid iii the circuit from being able to escape through tlle passages
wllic}l can open up in the plasticising or fusion zone, the tube is
closed before welding and maintained closed during welding, by
mechanical deformation exerted in a zone between the electrodes 104, 105
and the casing 101, and optiollally also in a zone between the
electrodes and tulle free end of the charging tube.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHXItxIJpWDUgG02erU3vhegYY4Toj8trBb9qX35s7OWZeDjSYh_TFr2588bLodMwVgUkUPOgNjk92c66TvKUejC6Ea1QcRvCcpxCqY2twdlSTJfIKmo1sUB5rGkGJZte8NE6BVTmwnAM/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-2__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHXItxIJpWDUgG02erU3vhegYY4Toj8trBb9qX35s7OWZeDjSYh_TFr2588bLodMwVgUkUPOgNjk92c66TvKUejC6Ea1QcRvCcpxCqY2twdlSTJfIKmo1sUB5rGkGJZte8NE6BVTmwnAM/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-2__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
The said
operations are carried out by the device shown in Figures 5 to 7,
comprising electrodes 104, 105 and means for localised temporary
mechanical closure of the tube.<br />
Tulle device in question comprises
a pair of levers 106, 107 rotatable about their pivots 108, 109, and
supported at their ends in a pair of parallel fixed side plates 110.<br />
Each
lever 106, 107 comprises at one end a working head 111 in which the
electrode 104, 105 is disposed, and at the other end a roller 112 which,
urged by springs 113, 114, is kept in contact with the end of a rod 115
of a piston 116. This piston is slidably mounted in a cylinder 117, and
on one of its ends there acts a return spring 118 and on the other end
there acts a pressurised fluid fed for example through a solenoid valve,
not shown.<br />
The end part 119 of the rod 115 is conical so that
when the pressurised fluid is fed into the cylinder 117, the consequent
movement of the piston 116 in the direction of the arrow A causes the
levers 106, 107 to rotate in such a direction as to cause the working
heads 111 to approach each other.<br />
These heads comprise a fork
structure with a pair of anns 12(), 121, the purpose of which is to
deform the tube 100 at tlie two sides of the electrodes 104, 105 wheii
the rod 115 is moved in the direction of the arrow A.<br />
Each
electrode 104, 105 is removably housed in a dovetail cavity 122 provided
in a partly slotted metal block 123, with ducts 124 for the passage of
cooling water ied through flexible hoses, not shown. Tlie block 123 is
provided witlj a shank 125 of polyg'oiiai or square crosssection
slidable in a bore of correspolldillg cross-section provided in tlie
crosspiece 126 of tlse fork structure. The shank 125 comprises a head
127 against which a compression spring 128 acts,<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXydlv1yGlXrV09m8ZOklBwFLkZq8SjqxIEC-eRMn0ppobtZsZdtvmfUJGnkg-gTC3QOZeP8SE2kBVIdD5wLe1n-tphAJico1WPSQOgO47glSeSp51huVauSZFwsIFiP_KbDSjwv-oe9MD/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-3__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXydlv1yGlXrV09m8ZOklBwFLkZq8SjqxIEC-eRMn0ppobtZsZdtvmfUJGnkg-gTC3QOZeP8SE2kBVIdD5wLe1n-tphAJico1WPSQOgO47glSeSp51huVauSZFwsIFiP_KbDSjwv-oe9MD/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-3__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
its other end resting against a wall 129 rigid with the fork structure.<br />
In
the device concerned, the electrical circuit extends from the terminals
B and C of an electricity source, through the electrodes 104, 105 and
through the tube 100, when this latter is in contact with the
electrodes.<br />
The tube and electrodes are therefore in series when
the device operates. The circuit is opened when the electrodes 104, 105
withdraw from the tube 100 following the return of the rod 115. Thus the
welding operation, which will be discussed in greater detail
hereinafter, can be controlled by the operator by operating the valve
(e.g. a three-way valve) associated with the cylinder 117.<br />
Operation
is as follows: The two heads 111 are initially spaced apart from each
other to allow the insertion of the tube 100 to be sealed (welded). When
the tube is dosed between the heads, the operator feeds fluid under
pressure to the cylinder 117. The rod 115 moves in the direction of the
arrow A, the levers 106, 107 rotate about the pivots 108, 109, and the
heads 111 approacl# the tube 100. The electrodes 104, 105 firstly touch
the tube at the point N, but electricity is not as yet fed to the
electrical circuit, even though this is ready to receive it.<br />
The
arms 120, 121 tlien act on the tube to deform it and close it
mechanically in two zones K and M to tlie sides of the welding point N,
this point being where the electrodes act.<br />
The connector element 102 caii not be removed.<br />
Electricity
is now fed to the terminals B, C (e.g. by means of a contact) and flows
in the circuit which is closed through the electrodes 104, 1()5 and
tube 100. The e<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuodHKk8dQqiljJFzoUXZ55m0f_JtamiN5h7dOYdkY5NQ0laVQ5xIHupTZSMBEtuTIYc00sbh9gGhd9amq4kMTGazOlkqEyBW-8okNNQbhUOxgjTAp2XGbF2WrkLfGyelNyoI6u07z3ga/s1600/IMGH_06011.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLuodHKk8dQqiljJFzoUXZ55m0f_JtamiN5h7dOYdkY5NQ0laVQ5xIHupTZSMBEtuTIYc00sbh9gGhd9amq4kMTGazOlkqEyBW-8okNNQbhUOxgjTAp2XGbF2WrkLfGyelNyoI6u07z3ga/s320/IMGH_06011.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>lectrodes 104, 105 progressively increase in temperature
and thus heat point N to a sufficient extent to transform it into its
plastic or partly molten state so that the small pressure wlsich the
electrodes exert on the tube (by virtue of the springs 128) is
sufficiei,# to produce deformation and corlsequent welding (when the
opposing sides of the tube come into contact with each other).<br />
On
termination of welding (sealing), the operator unloads the cylinder 117,
the two heads 111 withdraw from the tube and as the circuit is broken
the electricity no longer traverses the electrodes 104, 105, which
therefore cease to heat up.<br />
The apparatus is thus ready for a new working cycle.<br />
The
present invention covers any other field of application of the
described method, comprising the joining together of more than two
pieces and the utilisation of the conductivity of all or some of the
metals of which the pieces are constructed, to perform the welding, i.e.
the fusion of the brazing materials.<br />
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<b>Zanussi</b> was an Italian producer of home appliances
that in 1984 was bought by Electrolux . Zanussi is a leading brand for
domestic kitchen appliances in Europe. Products have been exported from
Italy since 1946.<br />
<br />
The Zanussi Company began
as the small workshop of Antonio Zanussi in 1916. The
enterprising 26-year-old son of a blacksmith in Pordenone in
Northeastern Italy began the business by making home stoves and
wood-burning ovens.<br />
After his father death in 1946 “Lino Zanussi” became the President of the company.<br />
In the early 1970s Zanussi sold a lot in the UK and for some time after under the “<span class="new">Zoppas</span>”
brand, name which had been acquired, making Zanussi the first
largest Italian appliance maker. They also produced washing
machines Hotpoint for Hotpoint at this time which were very
reliable and highly rated by users and engineers.<br />
In the
late 1970s and into the early 1980s the company had a range of
washing machines which used an induction motor with a clutch
pulley system. Again this range proved extremely popular and
very reliable.<br />
During this period Zanussi Professional,
the catering range of appliances for commercial use, became a
separate division in its own right.<br />
In the early 1980s
Zanussi launched the Jetsystem washing machine range to great
acclaim whilst at the same time running the “Appliance Of
Science” advertising campaign which is acknowledged as one of the
most successful marketing campaigns of all time, in fact
still remembered by many today. This gave the brand the
impression of being forward thinking and innovative.<br />
Zanussi
has recently been rebranded as Zanussi-Electrolux in line
with many other Electrolux brand names. Since that time many
Zanussi appliances share common components and parts with the
rest of the Electrolux range, primarily Electrolux, Tricity
Bendix and AEG although it is worth noting that the “John
Lewis” branded machines sold by the John Lewis Partnership in
the UK are effectively rebranded Zanussi appliances.<br />
In
the late 1980s Zanussi launched the split tank design known as
the “Nexus Tub” design which endures to this day with little
change. The tub, base and certain other parts are made from a
plastic material known as “Carboran” which can be re-used
several times if recycled. To this day neither Zanussi or
Electrolux has provided any way to return this material for
recycling purposes.<br />
<br />
Up until the end of the
1980s Zanussi service was run from Slough and was a network of
independent repairers who gave an unparalleled service level.
It is generally acknowledged within the industry that this
service network was the best that there has ever been in the
UK.<br />
In the early 1990s Electrolux instigated
amalgamating all its UK brands under one service entity. This
entity was split, dependent on region, between the Zanussi
service agents and the local Electrolux Service Centre. In
general those in a high population density area where given to
the Electrolux employed centres. Tricity Bendix, Electrolux
and AEG as well as Zanussi were all to be serviced by the one
network.<br />
This was changed in the late 1990s and early
2000s as Electrolux sold or gave away the regional service
centres, generally to the existing management or to area
managers to run as independent businesses.<br />
This service
network was rebranded and became Service Force which still
exists today but is, once again, all operated by independent
service companies who repair and supply spare parts for all of
the brands.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Stern / REX / Zanussi / Seleco </span>(WAS) is an electronics company based in Pordenone, <span class="mw-redirect">Friuli Venezia Giulia</span>, Italy. It is part of <span class="new">Super//Fluo</span>, who bought the rights in August, 2006, along with Brionvega and Imperial.<br />
<br />
<br />
Sèleco
was born as in 1965 as a spin-off from the home appliances
maker Zanussi. In the first years of his life, Seleco
produced almost black and white televisions with the Zanussi
or Rex brand. The company was being sold in 1984, and was
first acquired by <span class="new">Gian Mario Rossignolo</span>. He first became president and then main stockholder.<br />
During
the 1980s, the company launched worldwide marketing
campaigns and began sponsoring some of the most famous
Italian soccer team, such as <span class="new">Lazio A.S.</span>.<br />
During
the '90s, the company was mainly concentrated on the
production of pay-tv decoders, but in 1993 suffered from a
loss of competitivity. With the intent to reshape its
position and to get gave new life to the company, Gian Mario
Rossignolo bought Brionvega from the Brion family, the
founder. This attempt get to nowhere, so the company was forced
to declare failure in 1997. During the years, Sèleco has
passed through ups and downs, at the end being overcome by
the continuous changes in the electronics world.<br />
After the crack-down, the company and all its interests were bought by the Formenti family. That gave life to the <span class="new">Seleco-Formenti</span> Group, owner of the rights for the brands Sèleco, Rex, Phonola, Imperial, Stern, Phoenix, Televideon, Kerion and Webrik.<br />
The
Formenti family re-launched the company with the
production of CRT-TVs. In 2000, the company suffered of a
strong crisis, following the price dumping made by Turkish
manufacturers. That seems to led to end of the Sèleco and
Brionvega story, as the Sèleco-Formenti Group was forced to
liquidation.<br />
In 2004, the rights for the radio branch were bought by <span class="new">Sim2 Multimedia</span>, and all the television interests (for the brands Sèleco, Brionvega and Imperial) were acquired by <span class="new">Super//Fluo</span> in August 2006.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">THIS INDUSTRY IS TODAY DEAD !!!!</span><br />
<br />
<br />FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-7010756192000642442012-08-29T17:00:00.000-07:002015-12-10T06:55:57.369-08:00ATLANTIC (PHILCO) MOD. 765 YEAR 1955.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmXjO2Pxdr6McNJqQo9N8oNXyWH5JM_fixOgVclIMsYUHlHrYhfmvZFpzjg-koe-RxMGtU-JJFKCK477OMVdnFky9RMeDRQXY8gA-eGtNqwX1ChNvCl1SVtpQScpDJZ8NwCBjd4ZB9ujyM/s1600/IMGH_05986.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmXjO2Pxdr6McNJqQo9N8oNXyWH5JM_fixOgVclIMsYUHlHrYhfmvZFpzjg-koe-RxMGtU-JJFKCK477OMVdnFky9RMeDRQXY8gA-eGtNqwX1ChNvCl1SVtpQScpDJZ8NwCBjd4ZB9ujyM/s320/IMGH_05986.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIpvonqseymgH5MCl9KztJ1rvHO444dBVFr2e4VhRwlt3YsVGnIHRIAzLhOJR3xYIIDvHi4t6xpA61Y8mbPeG3Qe5D4QsSDnFNhKLsa4TItnbthRAneJhtwemFjbVEKNOJeHwl0So6lahk/s1600/IMGH_05987.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIpvonqseymgH5MCl9KztJ1rvHO444dBVFr2e4VhRwlt3YsVGnIHRIAzLhOJR3xYIIDvHi4t6xpA61Y8mbPeG3Qe5D4QsSDnFNhKLsa4TItnbthRAneJhtwemFjbVEKNOJeHwl0So6lahk/s320/IMGH_05987.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje4iWvmKhJNPVEEdx6hAo86B9RV_OD-SGeU8ZMaToklJIRF_QOvKFHRLMQuEOH_jEDIH5Opy5yJaHNerHdSrdzX3XJJTU8OWDd8P8bUxt8DK2V3QmgZzispgrgHlhqfiGH6pQM8beKce9Z/s1600/IMGH_05988.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje4iWvmKhJNPVEEdx6hAo86B9RV_OD-SGeU8ZMaToklJIRF_QOvKFHRLMQuEOH_jEDIH5Opy5yJaHNerHdSrdzX3XJJTU8OWDd8P8bUxt8DK2V3QmgZzispgrgHlhqfiGH6pQM8beKce9Z/s320/IMGH_05988.jpg" width="237" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdozV3SYUHaMQjezqxTr0AbNq6-X6FX9u-kjxxiPodWrNKIasmUyzlo63qClfDZTQ80zpEKMwEkfyq4VlN_4Cj9Sn6w8NCgXYyc8dl4mjMcuFnIPNImM1vJyXIJAApUNd-0Hqc8WOBgylP/s1600/IMGH_05993.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdozV3SYUHaMQjezqxTr0AbNq6-X6FX9u-kjxxiPodWrNKIasmUyzlo63qClfDZTQ80zpEKMwEkfyq4VlN_4Cj9Sn6w8NCgXYyc8dl4mjMcuFnIPNImM1vJyXIJAApUNd-0Hqc8WOBgylP/s320/IMGH_05993.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMKj3aHJimSb5X0bAlR2bp-Gzxc1EmixUCQEDb2lxYyU6ijqnxFySY9JwTqo-i7vcoAJ4iW6kP1Z-uEtBEAzRXugOJ7CFqF1CkfFlYY4hjwTKFU0WQHoxnw-PQ3H_JAivhcbusNnCA8vy-/s1600/IMGH_05990.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMKj3aHJimSb5X0bAlR2bp-Gzxc1EmixUCQEDb2lxYyU6ijqnxFySY9JwTqo-i7vcoAJ4iW6kP1Z-uEtBEAzRXugOJ7CFqF1CkfFlYY4hjwTKFU0WQHoxnw-PQ3H_JAivhcbusNnCA8vy-/s320/IMGH_05990.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoi5yX_RSfx6EzYz86-4kuTkGBjZNTVlpfBSNIQQAT3woMH4G3BQBe4Kk68dRjH5ANIrzNP23hn8tuNmEsEJjjCeSj6awAfKB0xb8oBfhxT3f1p4Z_z9wS-ML7vfptk1MdiUXSqJwTT8uC/s1600/IMGH_05989.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoi5yX_RSfx6EzYz86-4kuTkGBjZNTVlpfBSNIQQAT3woMH4G3BQBe4Kk68dRjH5ANIrzNP23hn8tuNmEsEJjjCeSj6awAfKB0xb8oBfhxT3f1p4Z_z9wS-ML7vfptk1MdiUXSqJwTT8uC/s320/IMGH_05989.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh61StSRK7AnFDR17umaDf3NfNq-3ANV_p1XtigpUGQ7WbhLZ8XHyAf6m9JLT0NLCavJmXYQgveZoxqxDY54K5qYPBEbIgWKmGx8A1RwH2nYyAoLuBIq-gtVHZkEFThYznWTK5a-EVEZZpL/s1600/IMGH_05991.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh61StSRK7AnFDR17umaDf3NfNq-3ANV_p1XtigpUGQ7WbhLZ8XHyAf6m9JLT0NLCavJmXYQgveZoxqxDY54K5qYPBEbIgWKmGx8A1RwH2nYyAoLuBIq-gtVHZkEFThYznWTK5a-EVEZZpL/s320/IMGH_05991.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4Bc_krz5m2zJiqykEHzsufVOAA_CIXUgTzp9qYE7Ikf8cXNHgBXU2C3659JUewSzKeH0gfGCMoqIze19FYVp-eoNvh_w0W4HwOtMckvTR_XjE1bGbCk1t7dBmvDWY7lqtY_CufgBsYtSv/s1600/IMGH_05992.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4Bc_krz5m2zJiqykEHzsufVOAA_CIXUgTzp9qYE7Ikf8cXNHgBXU2C3659JUewSzKeH0gfGCMoqIze19FYVp-eoNvh_w0W4HwOtMckvTR_XjE1bGbCk1t7dBmvDWY7lqtY_CufgBsYtSv/s320/IMGH_05992.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmCBnQBG2FZ1peWjKRnB8fDuwaFGPy3vL5Jm8DxI3jFY8hqXmHC6PYa5kzdJeh4Cy_Cq2kIBfRAQk2cQ-xZhlOlZpgfxTP5_l4LoYqMtqxPwrLumSTgLcyFxamFHlEHByi3q8_NY4aYxnr/s1600/IMGH_05994.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmCBnQBG2FZ1peWjKRnB8fDuwaFGPy3vL5Jm8DxI3jFY8hqXmHC6PYa5kzdJeh4Cy_Cq2kIBfRAQk2cQ-xZhlOlZpgfxTP5_l4LoYqMtqxPwrLumSTgLcyFxamFHlEHByi3q8_NY4aYxnr/s320/IMGH_05994.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9PUBMSjfhKVgwaJcVY4cA6bKHBt2lpTsTDFzuwuzez63WbLczOGiurhHDNcBiDEuZQjMyxivjUCF89Ae4JYU0cn3kv51lUui-cxDbYkvZyIc-CYUx2H3TrpQUtRgcyBxOk6-oFnF9yfgr/s1600/IMGH_05995.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9PUBMSjfhKVgwaJcVY4cA6bKHBt2lpTsTDFzuwuzez63WbLczOGiurhHDNcBiDEuZQjMyxivjUCF89Ae4JYU0cn3kv51lUui-cxDbYkvZyIc-CYUx2H3TrpQUtRgcyBxOk6-oFnF9yfgr/s320/IMGH_05995.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1SeF69UHwvWmDkPV_jEFDVJfMgdSjKZwwGbphxjjjMKx_0c3JWiNhKg4_IhblEcC0egiKQ4FPJwLStU3ZXVZMVE9KJyTlxBaQ9ggWI_WycmN4IXD1T0Bdfam9Lwam7ItdC6YALIqdo0R-/s1600/IMGH_05996.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1SeF69UHwvWmDkPV_jEFDVJfMgdSjKZwwGbphxjjjMKx_0c3JWiNhKg4_IhblEcC0egiKQ4FPJwLStU3ZXVZMVE9KJyTlxBaQ9ggWI_WycmN4IXD1T0Bdfam9Lwam7ItdC6YALIqdo0R-/s320/IMGH_05996.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s320/IMGH_05997.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYlhS1dDSYAaWdj33fvkOvTcz_oQUxfYLbzdFJ7rvvUbWuKIIQ5ZPmHUj4cIa0EEysGmLnlxTkJi6NAGFmKcsPC7pA7Pqb8aKBwtzt0Z_YHGaMJ45KCDxABEYhffpfVwEN_J25aji6Y1vC/s1600/IMGH_05999.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYlhS1dDSYAaWdj33fvkOvTcz_oQUxfYLbzdFJ7rvvUbWuKIIQ5ZPmHUj4cIa0EEysGmLnlxTkJi6NAGFmKcsPC7pA7Pqb8aKBwtzt0Z_YHGaMJ45KCDxABEYhffpfVwEN_J25aji6Y1vC/s320/IMGH_05999.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh26Nm8VHYIGkOxcUmhYHbAtAm79U6DXARQZM8e-U5uh-m4uD-od1WvVICT8DajQcfAcaUYAdP3_KnGpK-iEyBGwDKmTXIjlz2j9Rp00euJZ2Qptk3bZGs5tMDuImZSDmtygdzmcyCqbKpF/s1600/IMGH_06000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh26Nm8VHYIGkOxcUmhYHbAtAm79U6DXARQZM8e-U5uh-m4uD-od1WvVICT8DajQcfAcaUYAdP3_KnGpK-iEyBGwDKmTXIjlz2j9Rp00euJZ2Qptk3bZGs5tMDuImZSDmtygdzmcyCqbKpF/s320/IMGH_06000.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtrPNwcKETvLcQdt5FULBHkX8DvV5q-xF98L4dFezpwMfAEFLiMsDXYVRN96OjhaqbmKGHkKRZEbvQfV3we4Q8I3lrF0K1VrgX58KA0FK-NFTCnByrFjTi40LI7onG9T9PCVxqnALCZ05a/s1600/IMGH_06001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtrPNwcKETvLcQdt5FULBHkX8DvV5q-xF98L4dFezpwMfAEFLiMsDXYVRN96OjhaqbmKGHkKRZEbvQfV3we4Q8I3lrF0K1VrgX58KA0FK-NFTCnByrFjTi40LI7onG9T9PCVxqnALCZ05a/s320/IMGH_06001.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
This ATLANTIC (PHILCO) MOD. 765 is another beast. After powering up the compressor it comes to evaporation in 30 seconds and the refrigerator compartment is usable within 35 minutes.......or less............to cool some beer..................<br />
<br />
The ATLANT<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAet-632gjpCwqJK2uM97zK1vG2O0iQ0lUut4rh-SSzoN3UV90i-1OWzLW6UNeMDOxS5q6Qk0z6phfBBhTrN3Uxrg7fK_VHsH5IHnDSsV49_CDSRVZAqwFoi87w7PISbBzWcEJDc6aZlEG/s1600/OLD-FRIDGE-CHEESE__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAet-632gjpCwqJK2uM97zK1vG2O0iQ0lUut4rh-SSzoN3UV90i-1OWzLW6UNeMDOxS5q6Qk0z6phfBBhTrN3Uxrg7fK_VHsH5IHnDSsV49_CDSRVZAqwFoi87w7PISbBzWcEJDc6aZlEG/s1600/OLD-FRIDGE-CHEESE__F12M.jpg" width="142" /></a>IC (PHILCO) MOD. 765 is an heavy old Italian Refrigerator made of steel in and out the fridge
with all original parts. It features a common at the time door key lock
to block the opening of the door without the key inserted and rotated. The inner part is of enamel steel like many appliances of the time.<br />
<br />
A nice noise can be heard in the freezer compartment ....... a powerful hiss of R-12 vapour.<br />
<br />
The compressor has the awesome unique noise of his 1150 rpm almost impossible to hear outside.<br />
<br />
The compressor is the pancake compressor , tecumseh patent...........noiseless and without sign of time.<br />
<br />
<br />
The 1/9HP 80W compressor is a "Pancake" Tecumseh
patent, fabricated by a long time defunct factory called "Sternette"
which was located in Scotland at the time.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidpcCo1QV_xzkza-1kuxLSUHV7KbLGeiIJjcNrtGbmuZgQ55M_TXZMVC2VbZlKvPn91r6_JX5hbeTsUNyfhJLW0AnX7mtmzSS8ASgKAzKuBDJ1b48JUgKVFG1v8akoz-fxxFkgTHuPW6g_/s1600/PANCAKE_COMP__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidpcCo1QV_xzkza-1kuxLSUHV7KbLGeiIJjcNrtGbmuZgQ55M_TXZMVC2VbZlKvPn91r6_JX5hbeTsUNyfhJLW0AnX7mtmzSS8ASgKAzKuBDJ1b48JUgKVFG1v8akoz-fxxFkgTHuPW6g_/s320/PANCAKE_COMP__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ9vzenmG9Y4SjCv2x6VzmV8zeHncnphJZnVKrKA2W18Wfqjhw0YF3KlIEesH74ESw0SFgZpG9sOWaJ8QdFDzRZ3qVDeOtkiUWrg_199g1T4GdhfVvS-C_buSxriwlseRSL0piBloWQ1kI/s1600/PANCAKE_PLANT__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ9vzenmG9Y4SjCv2x6VzmV8zeHncnphJZnVKrKA2W18Wfqjhw0YF3KlIEesH74ESw0SFgZpG9sOWaJ8QdFDzRZ3qVDeOtkiUWrg_199g1T4GdhfVvS-C_buSxriwlseRSL0piBloWQ1kI/s320/PANCAKE_PLANT__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a>The
pancake is a hermetic compressor and a hermetic cooling system is a
system without fittings, flanges or gaskets. Everything is soldered or
welded together.<br />The compressor, which is the heart of the cooling
system, consists of a combined pump and electric motor encased in a
single housing.<br />In addition, the compressor has an electric start and protection system.<br />The
compressor is without stamp rings, so the seal between the piston and
cylinder is established only with a clearance of few thousandths of a
millimeter.<br />There must also be some room for an oil film to ensure wear resistance and long life.<br />A
refrigerator cabinet (refrigerator or freezer) consists of an isolated
cabinet in which is placed a cooling element or evaporator.<br />In a
closed circuit, the compressor draws the R12 refrigerant gases from the
evaporator and the heat needed for evaporation is taken from the
environment, including the food inside the cabinet. In addition<br />to keeping food chilled / frozen, the cooling system must also remove the heat which occurs from the insulation and doorways.<br />But where does the heat go?<br />Outside
the chilled room, a kind of radiator or condenser is placed, from where
heat is transferred to the surrounding air. The refrigerant gases from
the evaporator is sucked into the compressor<br />and compressed to a
higher pressure and thus a temperature higher than the surrounding area,
thereby the transfer of heat can take place.<br />At this point of the process, the refrigerant condenses and it converts from gas to liquid.<br />In
order to maintain the necessary pressure difference between the
evaporator (suction side) and condenser (pressure side), we connect
those with a so-called throttling device that can consist of a capillary
tube or expansion valve. Both components have the task to<br />inject into the evaporator the necessary volume of refrigerant.<br />The
brain of the refrigerator cabinet is a mechanical thermostat designed
to provide a start and stop to the compressor in dependence of the
thermal requirements of the refrigerator<br />cabinet.<br />In the refrigerated room or on the evaporator, the sensor of the thermostat is placed, whereby a signal to start or stop the compressor in dependence of the need for cooling takes place, since a switch contact is created inside the thermostat that can make or break the power to the compressor.<br />In comparison, a car illustrates rather well the enormous demands that are raised to a hermetic compressor. A compressor is expected to have a lifespan of 15 years but many compressors last twice as<br />long or even much longer !!<br />
If a car travels approx. 250,000 km with an average speed of 50 km/h, this is equivalent to 5,000 hours of operation. Assuming that the compressor operates for approx. 33 percent of its life, this<br />means five years or 43,800 hours - then, more than eight times as long as the car!<br />The 43,800 hours of operation provide approximately 7.6 billion engine revolutions and double the number of piston rotations at a 50 Hz network, if the compressor is driven by approx. 2,900<br />rev./min. While the car has had oil replaced at least 15-20 times, the compressor, during its entire lifetime, runs on the same oil and without the need for any kind of service.<br />
<br />
Another nice everlasting refrigerator........................R12...........<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #666666;">Many contemporary appliances would not have this level of staying
power, many would ware out or require major services within just five
years or less and of course, there is that perennial bug bear of
planned obsolescence where components our deliberately designed to
fail or manufactured with limited edition specificities..............................</span><br />
<br />
<br />
ATLANTIC MOD. 765 (ATLANTIC ELECTRIC HOME APPLIANCES / PHILCO CORPORATION) COMPRESSOR STERNETIC MOD. 868 L Sterne & Co Lt.<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Hermetic refrigerant compressor:</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>TRESCO INC - Jens, Touborg ;<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /></b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2ylTLGrgDlPOp6VojAkNg-g0mGUPDuppccCCh8PJQD3cEreiNDj3UgOmu1hqrGISzodrFNI55rc2CPYOCTMvZy8XQANNeKLTK42SRsFJJsFDsRfikd3hHQOvbr1x2ARDJAOYFuLTqLZvx/s1600/JENS_TOUBORG__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2ylTLGrgDlPOp6VojAkNg-g0mGUPDuppccCCh8PJQD3cEreiNDj3UgOmu1hqrGISzodrFNI55rc2CPYOCTMvZy8XQANNeKLTK42SRsFJJsFDsRfikd3hHQOvbr1x2ARDJAOYFuLTqLZvx/s320/JENS_TOUBORG__F12M.jpg" width="205" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">Patented by </span>TRESCO INC - Jens, Touborg <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWzYEp7wj2sQJnHeprO2sAVlphIZjOJdrUIRPGPd41DNQQvtbQziOHgAdtnXsQVKNvwGjkCYf5DdXbQwTlY8RBLhCRjq5oVxJi8SfqCFpv7qgmz4vEcXtw2FzAonpfdZd6AdXcYSpa07oQ/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PROD-LINE-1__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWzYEp7wj2sQJnHeprO2sAVlphIZjOJdrUIRPGPd41DNQQvtbQziOHgAdtnXsQVKNvwGjkCYf5DdXbQwTlY8RBLhCRjq5oVxJi8SfqCFpv7qgmz4vEcXtw2FzAonpfdZd6AdXcYSpa07oQ/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PROD-LINE-1__F12M.jpg" width="228" /></a></div>
<br />During the meetings at Tecumseh in Detroit, Danfoss worked together with a Dane named Jens Touborg. He had emigrated from Denmark<br />in 1926, and he was one of the co-owners of the partially Tecumseh-owned development company TRESCO that delivered the<br />drawings to Tecumseh. The position and his Danish roots made him the natural choice and partner for the Danes.<br />The ownership of Tecumseh was difficult to figure out. Tecumseh Products was responsible for production, while TRESCO<br />handled development. Between the two companies were several other companies with owners, who again were intertwined. The<br />spheres of influence were not always easy to interpret - nor unidirectional.<br />Jens Touborg’s cooperation with his old fellow compatriots had been good.<br /><br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBixY78cK-nW_GLhGU5JeqRQAQPkifD-kYQCK1S0oSeeyjoaMmHTl7YSTlwzTxlaj51rpVE0RKRv4Nyju3oZiwDVUQy0Rd7pvNM6Rh5eHcrN6Pa7BxfKL9_gFU0QRdNhVCXY_Wcq79rcQB/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PROD-LINE-2__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBixY78cK-nW_GLhGU5JeqRQAQPkifD-kYQCK1S0oSeeyjoaMmHTl7YSTlwzTxlaj51rpVE0RKRv4Nyju3oZiwDVUQy0Rd7pvNM6Rh5eHcrN6Pa7BxfKL9_gFU0QRdNhVCXY_Wcq79rcQB/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PROD-LINE-2__F12M.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Danfoss introduced the Tecumseh compressor model<br />P91 on the market as type 101. The compressor with a<br />cooling capacity of approx.75 Watt was designed for the<br />large American refrigerators. On the other hand, in a very<br />popular, European refrigerator of 100 liters, the Pancake<br />compressor took approx. 12 percent of the space, which<br />was too much.<br />Therefore, it was only natural for Danfoss to examine<br />the possibility of redesigning the compressor to fit the<br />European refrigerators, but it did not succeed. The situation<br />was discussed with Tecumseh, who came with a proposal<br />for a small compressor with a 2-pole motor that provides<br />twice the number of turns as a 4-pole motor. Several companies started production of compressors for<br />their own production of refrigerators and freezers, and the concept to become an independent compressor supplier, which Danfoss worked on, was new in Europe. For Danfoss, it was also a question of striking the right balance, since the company did not want to be seen as a competitor to the<br />customers purchasing products from Køleautomatik (RC/AC).<br />
<br />Over the past years, many people have wondered why Danfoss did not start a production of refrigerators and<br />freezers, but that would mean competing with own customers and this was not wanted.<br />Tecumseh
did not give Danfoss any kind of exclusive rights to produce and sell
the Pancake. But Danfoss was first, and this was an advantage, Danfoss
wanted to maintain its position. Already in February - less than one
month after entering the agreement - the first hermetic compressor with
the red Danfoss logo reached batch production. (here above pictured the pot
press-machine for the manufacturing of compressor pots.)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s320/IMGH_05997.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />This invention relates to a hermetically sealed<br />compressor, and it has p</span><span style="font-size: small;">articular reference to a<br />compressor suitable for use in a refrigeration<br />system, and its coordination with the condenser<br />employed therein.<br /><br />One purpose of the invention is to provide a<br />hermetic compressor, adapted to be driven by a<br />fractional horsepower motor, which is extremely<br />compact and of relatively small dimensions for<br />its capacity, so that, when assembled in a domes-<br />tic box, a greater percentage of the box volume<br />may be given over to food storage. Another fea-<br />ture in providing such a compact unit is to de-<br />crease the space between the heat-generating<br />elements of the compressor and the casing,<br />whereby cooling may be more readily effected.<br />Other aspects of the invention involve an im-<br />proved internal resilient mounting for the com-<br />pressor and motors ; provision of built-in muffler<br />chambers to minimize the development of noise;<br />and simplifications of construction and assembly<br />conducive to economics in manufacture. The<br />invention also contemplates the combination of<br />the compressor with a flue type condenser,<br />whereby the high side of the refrigeration sys-<br />tem may be fabricated as a unit.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" width="229" /></a><br /><span style="font-size: small;">The invention may be more readily understood<br />by a perusal of the following description of a<br />typical embodiment, illustrated in the accom-<br />panying drawings, wherein:<br /><br />Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the compressor-<br />condenser assembly, shown as it appears when<br />mounted for service in a domestic refrigerator;<br /><br />Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the assembly of<br />Fig. 1:<br /><br />Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the com-<br />pressor;<br /><br />Fig. 4 is a bottom plan of the compressor and<br />its internal mounting, the casing being shown<br />in section as indicated by the line 4—-4 of Fig. 3;<br /><br />Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary section taken<br />substantially on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2; and<br /><br />Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section taken on the<br />line S——6 of Fig. 5.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRSsPnl9xEUE0bFswJte-rV1nVcSlCFlyIPJB1Yu7kMH9vshHZ2-k3b05CwlKmffcnqDQ_ZW6GaQnOJNCMVM1GF1EdMMLpgXPICNXbBHZFnd7tJ2k-87TGrxZHqJN9hSofPm0nqzvF_oPG/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRSsPnl9xEUE0bFswJte-rV1nVcSlCFlyIPJB1Yu7kMH9vshHZ2-k3b05CwlKmffcnqDQ_ZW6GaQnOJNCMVM1GF1EdMMLpgXPICNXbBHZFnd7tJ2k-87TGrxZHqJN9hSofPm0nqzvF_oPG/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-1.jpg" width="218" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />Referring flrst to Figs. 1 and 2, there is shown<br />9. hermetic compressor casing II provided with<br />diametrically opposed outstanding flanges I2,<br />which are bolted to short flange sections I3 and<br />I4 respectively of upright columns I5 and I6.<br />These columns are, except for the region of the<br />short flange sections, of angular cross section,<br />each having a flange I1 parallel to the short<br />flange sections, ‘and a flange I8 at right angles<br />thereto. The two facing flanges I8 of the col-<br />umns provide a support for a refrigerant con-<br />having a continuous coil of tubing consisting of<br />parallel transverse stretches 2| connected by re-<br />turn bends 22 and vertically disposed spaced fins<br />23. The flanges I8 may be formed with open end<br />slots 24 to receive the several tube stretches 2|<br />and thereby firmly support the condenser with<br />outermost edges of the flns disposed between<br />plumb lines passing through the front and back<br />surfaces of the compressor casing I I.<br /><br />The column flanges I1 provide means for<br />mounting the assembly on the rear of a domestic<br />refrigerator cabinet, as schematically indicated in<br />Fig. 1. Herein, the dot and dash lines 25 and 28<br />represent the internal and external walls of the<br />box, and the flanges I1 are connected to the ex-<br />ternal wall in any suitable manner. It will be seen<br />that the compressor is suspended on the columns<br />below the condenser, and when the box is posi-<br />tioned close to the room wall 21, an induced draft<br />of cooling air will flow from the floor beneath the<br />compressor and up the flue-like space between<br />box and wall, thereby to extract heat from the<br />high side portions of the refrigeration system.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9PUBMSjfhKVgwaJcVY4cA6bKHBt2lpTsTDFzuwuzez63WbLczOGiurhHDNcBiDEuZQjMyxivjUCF89Ae4JYU0cn3kv51lUui-cxDbYkvZyIc-CYUx2H3TrpQUtRgcyBxOk6-oFnF9yfgr/s1600/IMGH_05995.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9PUBMSjfhKVgwaJcVY4cA6bKHBt2lpTsTDFzuwuzez63WbLczOGiurhHDNcBiDEuZQjMyxivjUCF89Ae4JYU0cn3kv51lUui-cxDbYkvZyIc-CYUx2H3TrpQUtRgcyBxOk6-oFnF9yfgr/s320/IMGH_05995.jpg" width="240" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">The refrigerant circuit is also illustrated—in<br />part schematically——in Figs. 1 and 2. Com-<br />pressed refrigerant flows from the casing II<br />through a discharge line 28 into the upper stretch<br />2I of the condenser I9, through the several con-<br />volutions, and thence through a liquid strainer<br />29 into a capillary feed tube 3| which may pass<br />between the box walls 25 and 26 into the refrig-<br />erant evaporator 32, disposed in the food storage<br />compartment. - Expended refrigerant vapor rc-<br />turns to the compressor through a suction line<br />33. Automatic control of the cycle of operations<br />is eflected in the usual manner, current being<br />supplied to the compressor motor through a con-<br />ductor cord 530.<br /><br />It will be seen that the short flange sections<br />I3 and I4 not only provide pads for connecting<br />the casing II to the columns I5 and I6, but that<br />one of them also provides a housing for the vari-<br />ous electrical connections and motor auxiliaries.<br />In practice, the short flange sections may be<br />formed by welding plates to standard angle irons,<br />or they may be formed by cutting away excessive<br />portions of one flange of channel irons. The mo-<br />tor lead terminals 35 are brought through the<br />wall of the casing II adjacent one flange I2,<br />to project through an opening 36‘ cut in the<br />flange I8 of one column, as, for example, the col-<br />umn I5 provided with the short flange section I3.<br />End closure members 31 and 38 are secured be-<br />tween the flanges I3 and I1 adjacent the ends of<br />the flange I3, and a removable cover plate (not<br />shown) may subsequently be positioned over the<br />open surface shown in Fig. 1. Provision is there-<br />by made to locate the starting and overload rc-<br />lays, and points of service connections, exteriorly<br />of the casing, where they are readily accessible,<br />and withsl to enclose them against dust and un-<br />authorized tampering.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr8WN_kU56qv7EYlQcl41OS2b0mLofjkN-gyy4wtEm0ZNw_f8ktwQWTPbPNA8z6rpLuRAaNxSvnmRB1oLvgE3KsEUiM9k8OscmhDDzGk2m6mJx2YpxZ2ereh_s8GamdU1cHCekHo5Q6Mft/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr8WN_kU56qv7EYlQcl41OS2b0mLofjkN-gyy4wtEm0ZNw_f8ktwQWTPbPNA8z6rpLuRAaNxSvnmRB1oLvgE3KsEUiM9k8OscmhDDzGk2m6mJx2YpxZ2ereh_s8GamdU1cHCekHo5Q6Mft/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-2.jpg" width="218" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br />The casing II is formed from two sections II<br />and 42. substantially circular in outline and rela-<br />tively shallow. thus forming a generally cylin-<br />drical casing, wherein, in the embodiment shown,<br />the diameter is Ereater than the axial length.<br />These are welded together along abutting flanges<br />I3 and M, and these flanges, in the assembled<br />unit. as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, are vertically dis-<br />posed, rather than horizontally, as has hereto-<br />fore been common practice. The mounting<br />flanges I 2 are each provided with arcuate webs<br />II for connection to the casing section 42, the<br />web adjacent the terminals 35 of course being<br />slotted. The motor and compressor assembly is<br />mounted within the casing, with the motor shaft<br />disposed in an upright position, or at right angles<br />to the casing axis, as is clearly shown in Fig. 3.<br /><br />This assembly comprises a substantially cir-<br />cular and relatively thin main casting is pro-<br />vided at diametrically opposed pointswith out-<br />standing lugs 41, each of which is transversely <br />bored to accommodate mounting means, as will<br />presently be described. The casting 46 is cen-<br />trally formed with an upstanding bearing boss 48<br />which is axially bored to receive a main shaft 49.<br />The upper end of the shaft 49 receives a bored<br />and counterbored quill 5| whose internal shoulder<br />seats on the upper end of the boss 48 to provide<br />9. thrust and supporting hearing. The quill is<br />retained on the shaft by set screws 52. Lubri-<br />cating oil is supplied to both the radial and thrust<br />bearings by means of a. spiral groove 53 cut in the<br />shaft 48,'which is fed by splashing from oil con-<br />tained in the casing I I, or by other desired means.<br />A drain hole OI in the web of the casting 46 per-<br />mits oil to return to the pool beneath.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr8WN_kU56qv7EYlQcl41OS2b0mLofjkN-gyy4wtEm0ZNw_f8ktwQWTPbPNA8z6rpLuRAaNxSvnmRB1oLvgE3KsEUiM9k8OscmhDDzGk2m6mJx2YpxZ2ereh_s8GamdU1cHCekHo5Q6Mft/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr8WN_kU56qv7EYlQcl41OS2b0mLofjkN-gyy4wtEm0ZNw_f8ktwQWTPbPNA8z6rpLuRAaNxSvnmRB1oLvgE3KsEUiM9k8OscmhDDzGk2m6mJx2YpxZ2ereh_s8GamdU1cHCekHo5Q6Mft/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-2.jpg" width="218" /></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">The exterior cylindrical surface of the quill 5|<br />serves as a supporting mandrel for the rotor 54<br />of an electric motor 55. the stator 56 of which is<br />contained in a cylindrical sleeve 51 internally<br />shouldered at its ends. one end of the sleeve is<br />positioned on a cooperatively shouldered concen-<br />tric rim is formed on the casting 46, thereby to<br />retain the motor components in operative rela-<br />tionship. Lead wires 59 from the motor windings<br />extend through a suitably located aperture SI<br />(Fig. 4) in the casting is, for connection to the<br />inner ends of the terminals 35.<br /><br />The lower end of the motor shaft 49 extends<br />through and below the casting 48, where it is<br />offset to provide a crank arm 62 from which de-<br />pends a crank pin '63. A cylinder block 64 formed<br />with a cylinder 65 is secured to the lower side of<br />the casting is by screws 86. The cylinder is fltted<br />with a reciprocating piston 61 operatively con-<br />nected to the pin 63. As shown in Figs. 3, 4, and<br />6, this connection is made by a crosshead 68 into<br />which the pin 63 projects, and the crosshead is<br />guided for transverse reciprocating motion in a<br />slotted cylindrical yoke 69 secured to the end of<br />the piston 61. The crank arm 62 is provided with<br />a counterweight 1|.<br /><br />The motor and compressor assembly is inter-<br />nally mounted within the casing II by a resilient<br />suspension cooperating with the previously re-<br />ferred to casting lugs 41. The casing sections<br />CI and 42 are each provided with spaced pad<br />portions 18 and 14 respectively. located radially 75<br />equidistant from the longitudinal axis of the<br />cylindrical dimension of the casing. and in an<br />axial horizontal plane passing therethrough.<br />Opposed pads may therefore be brought into<br />alignment when the two casing sections are<br />superimposed.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7AkhpJ8S_x1Jr3KQ9VWgJO7VuKAXlFn3fUaHi_uAKyQTaBO6NpczhRbZGxY3SAJu1wxdulE6WuW6VIBxvuVsWuj7l7W8xTgiJj4rOH0RKug5sxkbLyMnWDf7ucE_6V4xBfEvfLq3o14A/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7AkhpJ8S_x1Jr3KQ9VWgJO7VuKAXlFn3fUaHi_uAKyQTaBO6NpczhRbZGxY3SAJu1wxdulE6WuW6VIBxvuVsWuj7l7W8xTgiJj4rOH0RKug5sxkbLyMnWDf7ucE_6V4xBfEvfLq3o14A/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-3.jpg" width="218" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> As best shown in Figs. 4 and 5,<br />each pad is provided, on its inner surface, with<br />abutments or sockets 15 which may conveniently<br />be welded thereto. The ends of transverse sup-<br />porting rods 10 extend into and are retained by<br />the aligned sockets, and these rods pass through<br />the openings 11 in the casting lugs 41. Each rod<br />is surrounded by ‘a coiled spring 1!, which may<br />be of double conical shape. and the springs also<br />pass through the openings 11, and abutthe ends<br />of the sockets 13.<br /><br />Inasmuch as the springs 18 are helical, the<br />openings 11 may be internally threaded, so that<br />the springs may be screwed into them and bind<br />when the major spring diameter reaches the<br />center of the openings. In making the assem-<br />bly, the casting 46, motor 55, and compressor are<br />put together, and the springs are positioned in<br />the lugs 41. The casing section 12 is then laid<br />on its side, as shown in Fig. 4,</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr8WN_kU56qv7EYlQcl41OS2b0mLofjkN-gyy4wtEm0ZNw_f8ktwQWTPbPNA8z6rpLuRAaNxSvnmRB1oLvgE3KsEUiM9k8OscmhDDzGk2m6mJx2YpxZ2ereh_s8GamdU1cHCekHo5Q6Mft/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr8WN_kU56qv7EYlQcl41OS2b0mLofjkN-gyy4wtEm0ZNw_f8ktwQWTPbPNA8z6rpLuRAaNxSvnmRB1oLvgE3KsEUiM9k8OscmhDDzGk2m6mJx2YpxZ2ereh_s8GamdU1cHCekHo5Q6Mft/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-2.jpg" width="218" /></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"> and the rods 18<br />are placed in the sockets 15 to stand in a ver-<br />tical position. The springs are then pushed over<br />the ends of the rods until they abut the sockets,<br />and then the casing section 4| is placed on the<br />upper ends of the rods and pressed down until<br />the flanges I3 and u abut. This will place the<br />springs 18 under some compression, tending to<br />expand the coils within the openings 11, and<br />thereby preventing lateral displacement. The<br />small ends of the springs grip the rods 10 adja-<br />cent the pads 15, but at the large diameter there<br />is clearance, as is shown in Fig. 5. This provides<br />a transverse resilient suspension of the motor and<br />compressor, effectively supporting the asembly<br />in all directions.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br /> </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7AkhpJ8S_x1Jr3KQ9VWgJO7VuKAXlFn3fUaHi_uAKyQTaBO6NpczhRbZGxY3SAJu1wxdulE6WuW6VIBxvuVsWuj7l7W8xTgiJj4rOH0RKug5sxkbLyMnWDf7ucE_6V4xBfEvfLq3o14A/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-3.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7AkhpJ8S_x1Jr3KQ9VWgJO7VuKAXlFn3fUaHi_uAKyQTaBO6NpczhRbZGxY3SAJu1wxdulE6WuW6VIBxvuVsWuj7l7W8xTgiJj4rOH0RKug5sxkbLyMnWDf7ucE_6V4xBfEvfLq3o14A/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-3.jpg" width="218" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">As best shown in Figs. 4 and 6, the cylinder<br />block 64 is formed with laterally projecting por-<br />tions BI and 82, each of which is internally cored<br />to provide mufller chambers for both incoming<br />and discharged refrigerant. The suction vapors<br />returning through the line 33 enter the top of<br />the casing II and circulate around the motor,<br />and then enter the block 64 through a suction<br />pipe 83 extending from the portion 82 to a point<br />in the casingabove the casting I-6, and therefore<br />above the oil level. The pipe 83 communicates<br />with the cored chamber 84, and through it with<br />the inlet passage 85 which is drilled in the head<br />end of the block 64. Compressed refrigerant<br />flnds its way to a drilled duct 86 communicating<br />with a cored chamber 81 in the portion 8|, which<br />is also provided with an outlet fitting 83 leading<br />to a discharge line 89. The line 39 is coiled in<br />the oil bath, so that the heat of the compressed<br />refrigerant will aid in eliminating refrigerant<br />dissolved in the lubricant. The discharge line<br />passes through the wall of the casing section 42<br />for connection to the condenser, as heretofore<br />described. The provision of muiller chambers on<br />both the inlet and discharge side of- the cylinder,<br />and the building of such chambers into the block,<br />greatly reduces the tendency to develop noise. and<br />also simplifies construction and assembly.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" width="229" /></a><br /><span style="font-size: small;">The ducts 85 and 86 are covered by a. valve<br />plate SI and -a cylinder head 92, conveniently<br />secured by bolts «93 to the block 64. The head<br />92 is provided with an internal wall 94 abutting<br />the plate 9! between its inlet and outlet ports<br />95 and 80. The plate is also provided with in.<br />wardly and outwardly opening valve leaves for<br />the ports, and with openings 91 and 98 register-<br />ing with the ducts 85 and 86.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7AkhpJ8S_x1Jr3KQ9VWgJO7VuKAXlFn3fUaHi_uAKyQTaBO6NpczhRbZGxY3SAJu1wxdulE6WuW6VIBxvuVsWuj7l7W8xTgiJj4rOH0RKug5sxkbLyMnWDf7ucE_6V4xBfEvfLq3o14A/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-3.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7AkhpJ8S_x1Jr3KQ9VWgJO7VuKAXlFn3fUaHi_uAKyQTaBO6NpczhRbZGxY3SAJu1wxdulE6WuW6VIBxvuVsWuj7l7W8xTgiJj4rOH0RKug5sxkbLyMnWDf7ucE_6V4xBfEvfLq3o14A/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-3.jpg" width="218" /></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />It is believed that the operation will be readily<br />apparent to those skilled in the art from the<br />foregoing description. ‘When current is supplied<br />to the motor 55 in response to an increase in the<br />low side pressure in the evaporator, the piston 61<br />is reciprocated to draw refrigerant vapor through<br />the pipe 83 into the cylinder 65, where it is com-<br />pressed and then‘ discharged through the line 89,<br />connected to the line 28 leading to the condenser<br />I9. In passing through the casing ii, the re-<br />frigerant aids in cooling the motor, both by con-<br />duction with the motor parts and by convection<br />to the casing wall. Vibrations caused by the<br />motor and compressor motion are absorbed -and<br />dampened through the suspension on the trans-<br />versely disposed springs 18, while compression<br />noises or hisses are minimized by the two mulflers<br />84 and 81.<br /><br />It will be seen that the springs 13 provide<br />metallic heat paths directly to the walls of the<br />casing H, further to aid in compressor cooling,<br />and that the external surface of the casing is<br />directly disposed in the path of the induced cool-<br />ing air flowing around the back of the cabinet<br />and the condenser I9. An additional direct me-<br />tallic heat dissipating path is provided between<br />the flanges I 2 and the columns I 5 and I6. Due<br />to the internal mounting of the compressor and<br />motor, it is not necessary to provide resilient con-<br />nections between these parts.<br /><br />The casing II is so devised as to fit in close<br />spaced relation to the compressor, thus minirniz—<br />ing space requirements and the internal heat path<br />to the casing walls. It will further be seen that<br />the components of the assembly are so organized<br />as to lend themselves to simplified manufactur-<br />ing operations and ease of assembly, thereby pro-<br />viding a highly emcient and economical unit.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s320/IMGH_05997.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">While the invention has been described with<br />reference to a single embodiment thereof. it is<br />not intended to limit it to the precise details<br />shown and described, but to encompass all such<br />variations and modifications as fall within the<br />scope of the appended claims.<br /><br /><br /><br />1. A hermetic compressor comprising a_ sealed<br />casing formed of at least two sections each of <br /><br />which is internally provided with at least two<br />spaced abutments, said abutments being aligned<br />in opposed pairs when said casing is sealed, a<br />substantially annular casting mounted in and<br />transversely of said casing, a motor and compres-<br />sor connected to said casting, hollow lugs formed<br />on the casting at spaced portions thereof and in<br />substantial alignment with said opposed pair of<br />abutments. rods extending from said abutments<br />and through said lugs, and coiled springs posi-<br />tioned around s-aid rods and engaging the abut-<br />ments at their ends and the internal walls of<br />the lugs therebetween.<br /><br />2. The hermetic compressor</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s200/IMGH_05997.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"> of claim 1, wherein<br />said coiled springs are of double corneal shape,<br />the portions thereof of maximum diameter en-<br />gage within the lugs, the end portions of smaller<br />diameter engage the rods adjacent the abut-<br />ments. and said springs are under compression.<br /><br />3. Refrigeration apparatus comprising a her-<br />metic compressor having a substantially cylin-<br />drical casing of less axial depth than the diameter thereof, a motor and compressor assembly<br />resiliently mounted within the casing, motor lead<br />terminals extending through the arcuate wall of<br />the casing at one side thereof,</span><span style="font-size: small;"> diametrically op-<br />posed webs connected to said arcuate wall and<br />having angularly disposed mounting flanges ex-<br />tending outwardly therefrom, one of said webs<br />being perforated to receive said terminals, sup-<br />porting columns connected to said web flanges,<br />said column connected to said one perforated<br />web also being perforated to receive said ter-<br />minals, said perforated column being formed<br />with outwardly extending spaced flanges partially<br />enclosing -said terminals, and cover means<br />adapted to be positioned between said flanges<br />further to enclose said terminals.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9PUBMSjfhKVgwaJcVY4cA6bKHBt2lpTsTDFzuwuzez63WbLczOGiurhHDNcBiDEuZQjMyxivjUCF89Ae4JYU0cn3kv51lUui-cxDbYkvZyIc-CYUx2H3TrpQUtRgcyBxOk6-oFnF9yfgr/s1600/IMGH_05995.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9PUBMSjfhKVgwaJcVY4cA6bKHBt2lpTsTDFzuwuzez63WbLczOGiurhHDNcBiDEuZQjMyxivjUCF89Ae4JYU0cn3kv51lUui-cxDbYkvZyIc-CYUx2H3TrpQUtRgcyBxOk6-oFnF9yfgr/s320/IMGH_05995.jpg" width="240" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">4. Refrigeration apparatus comprising a pair<br />of spaced supporting columns adapted to be posi-<br />tioned in a vertical position, a hermetic com-<br />pressor suspended. from and between said col-<br />umns adjacent the lower ends thereof, said com-<br />pressor comprising a substantially cylindrical<br />casing of less axial length than diameter, a<br />motor, compressor, and supporting casting posi-<br />tioned in said casing, said casting being posi-<br />tioned in a substantially horizontal position, di-<br />ametrically spaced mounting flanges connected<br />to the arcuate wall of said casing and to said col-<br />umns, spaced supporting springs for the casting<br />extending in a horizontal direction between end<br />walls of said cylindrical casing, thereby to mount<br />the motor and compressor and -c-asting within the<br />casing with the major dimension of the casing extending vertically and the minor axial dimension <br />extending horizontally with respect to the<br />supporting columns. <br /><br />5. A hermetic compressor comprising a two<br />part sealed casing of generally cylindrical form,<br />a plurality of pairs of opposed abutments formed<br />on opposite walls of the casing, the abutments of<br />said pairs being respectively positioned on each<br />of the parts of the casing in spaced relation to<br />the axis thereof, an interconnected motor, supporting casting, and compressor within the casing<br /> in spaced relation to the inner walls thereof.<br />said motor having its shaft disposed normal to<br />the axis of the casing, supporting lugs formed on<br />the casting at spaced points and in line with the<br />opposed abutments, and coiled springs extending<br />from said _abutments to said lugs, said springs<br />extending transversely of the casting and motor<br />shaft and substantially parallel to the axis of the<br />casing and providing supporting and vibration<br />damping means for the motor, casting, and compressor.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br />This invention relates to compressors of the type adapted to the compression of refrigerant<br />vapor, and it is particularly concerned with a<br />compressor in which is incorporated a lubricant<br />pump to supply oil to the working parts thereof.<br />The present invention includes subject matter<br />which is also described in my prior and copend<br />ing application, Serial No. 51,348, filed Septem-<br />ber 27, 1948, and to that extent this application<br />may be deemed a continuation in part.<br /><br />One of the problems presented in connection<br />with small or fractional horsepower compressors,<br />to be used in conventional refrigerating systems,<br />is the elimination of noise. Another problem is<br />to assure adequate supplies of lubricant to the<br />working parts, such as the motor shaft. It has<br />heretofore been proposed to include a small aux-<br />iliary pump in the compressor assembly to de-<br />liver oil to the working parts, but it has been<br />found, under many conditions of operation, that<br />a pump having adequate capacity also generated<br />a relatively loud noise. and thus detracted from<br />one of the desired attributes of the compressor.<br />Another problem encountered in the provision of<br />a lubricant pump is that many proposals require a substantial <br />number of additional parts, complicated porting and conduit arrangements and<br />the like, and thus unduly increase the cost.<br /><br />According to the present invention, a lubricant<br />pump of high capacity, and which has been<br />found to be substantially</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispctT1RNmf9k3SxkbNBIkrqw0evdCVjglKhPE02XC3zKAt5uDDU2-Cq6vva3XbnT6iPBsVaO5-rTG7ih0C5z1bWpCpAxeAoHC2z3EE5chyphenhyphen5b3VFBZhupAvpMRwPGehPZCRhm_ni1s4G3-/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PISTON__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispctT1RNmf9k3SxkbNBIkrqw0evdCVjglKhPE02XC3zKAt5uDDU2-Cq6vva3XbnT6iPBsVaO5-rTG7ih0C5z1bWpCpAxeAoHC2z3EE5chyphenhyphen5b3VFBZhupAvpMRwPGehPZCRhm_ni1s4G3-/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PISTON__F12M.jpg" width="255" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"> noiseless in operation,<br />is built into the compressor assembly, and is so<br />devised as to require substantially no additional<br />parts, and a minimum of machining operations.<br />In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the<br />pumping eifect is obtained by inclining a recip-<br />rocating piston-in-cylinder compressor with re-<br />spect to the axis of the drive shaft, and utiliz-<br />ing the resulting relative linear motion between<br />the crank pin and piston yoke to force oil into<br />a duct drilled in the drive shaft. Additionally,<br />the crank pin is also inclined to the axis of the<br />drive shaft, to impart an arcuate oscillatory mo-<br />tion to the piston about its longitudinal axis. as<br />well as a linear reciprocating motion. The com-<br />pounded motion of the piston provides a wiping<br />action within the cylinder, which laps or polishes<br />out score marks that might otherwise be formed<br />by adventitious dirt particles. Such motion<br />moreover maintains the piston in motion in at<br />least one direction at all times, and thus fur-<br />ther eliminates or reduces a noise factor which<br />is an incident to, or inherent in, reciprocating<br />pistons whose linear motion is truly or approxi<br />The principles of the invention, and the ad-'<br />vantages to be derived therefrom, will be made<br />apparent from the following description of a<br />typical embodiment, illustrated in the accom-<br />panying drawings, wherein:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" width="229" /></a><br /><span style="font-size: small;">Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a hermetic<br />compressor incorporating the invention;<br /><br />Fig. 2 is a bottom plan;<br /><br />Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive are enlarged fragmentary<br />horizontal sections through the cylinder and<br />piston assembly of the compressor, showing the<br />relative positions of the parts at -ninety degree<br />intervals during a complete revolution of the<br />drive shaft;<br /><br />Figs. 7 ands are enlarged fragmentary ver-<br />tical sections through the cylinder and piston<br />assembly, showing the positions corresponding<br />to those shown in Figs. 3 and 6, respectively;<br /><br />Fig. 9 is an exploded view, partly in section and<br />partly in elevation, of the drive shaft, crosshead.<br />and piston and yoke of the compressor;<br /><br />Fig. 10 is an additionally enlarged bottom plan<br />of the crosshead; and,<br /><br />Fig. 11 is a top plan of the piston and yoke<br />assembly.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br />Referring primarily to Figs. 1 and 2, the com-<br />pressor (in common with thatvdisclosed in my<br />above identified prior application) comprises a<br />two-part casing or shell including flanged sec-<br />tions 2| and 22, which are relatively shallow<br />with respect to their diameters. and which are<br />welded together after assembly to provide a<br />hermetically sealed compressor. Within the cas-<br />ing are an electric motor 23, main casting 24,<br />and a refrigerant pump or compressor 25, all<br />of which. are connected together and are re-<br />siliently mounted in spaced relation to the cas-<br />ing walls. The casting 24 is generally annular in<br />form‘, and it is provided at diametrically op-<br />posed points with outstanding lugs 26, each of<br />which is transversely bored to receive mounting<br />means, as will presently be described. The cast-<br />ing 24 is centrally formed with an, upstanding<br />bearing boss 21, which is axially bored to receive<br />a vertically disposed main drive shaft 28, whose<br />ends project both above and below the boss.<br /><br />The upper end of the shaft 28 receives a bored<br />and counterbored quill 3| provided with a sleeve<br />32 whose lower end is supported on the upper<br />end of the boss 21 through the medium of a<br />thrust washer 33. The sleeve is suitably con-<br />nected to the upper end of the shaft 28, as, for<br />example, by means of a press fit. A motor<br />rotor 34 is also press fitted into the quill 3|.<br />The motor stator </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">35 is mounted on a. shoulder 36<br />through the aperture 45of the casting 24 by bolts 59; A piston El is re<br />formed on. the periphery of the casting 2|. and it<br />is secured in position by any suitable means, such <br />as bolts, not shown. The motor lead wires 31<br />extend to terminals 38 which pass through the<br />wall of the casing section 22, and into a relay<br />box,39. welded to the casing. wherein the in-<br />dicated electrical connections may be made.<br />The casting 24 and the parts connected there-<br />to are internally mounted in the casing by a re-<br />silient suspension cooperating with the casting<br />lugs 26. </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">The- casing sections are each provided<br />with spaced padportionsll, 42, located substantially radially equidistant from the longitudinal<br />axis of the cylindrical dimension of the casing,<br />and in an axial plane parallel thereto. Opposed<br />pads may therefore bebrought into alignment<br />when the casing sections are superimposed. As<br />described in detail in my aforesaid copending ap<br />plioation, each padpis provided with an abutment<br />or socket 43 which is welded thereto. to receive<br />the ends of transversely extending spring sup-.<br />porting and retaining rods 44, which pass through<br />tapped apertures 45 in the lugs 26. Each rod is<br />surrounded by a coiled spring 45 which also passes<br /><br />The springs 46 are both helical and cylindrical.)<br />and they are-screwed/into the apertures 45 to<br />project on each side thereof the proper distance<br />to center or locate the compressor assembly with-<br />in‘ the casing. While the springs contact the<br />lugs, they do not contact the rods 44 except at<br />the ends thereof,.where they are bent into a gen-<br />erally hairpin convolution togrip the rod on op-<br />posite sides, and around a small key 41 formed<br />on either end thereof. These keys prevent rota.-<br />tion of the springs and rods relative to each other<br />after the assembly has been made and adjust-<br />ed. -The casing section 22 is also provided with<br />depending brackets 48, disposed above the lugs<br />26. to whichvare connected one end of. tension<br />springs 49, whose opposite ends engage openings<br />formed in ears 5| of the lugs 26. The springs<br />49 absorb some of the weight of the assembly,<br />and,,in conjunction with the springs 46. permit<br />the resilient mounting of the parts in such fash-<br />ion that forced vibrations, and resulting noise, is<br />minimized. <br />The refrigerant pump unit 25 comprises a.cylinder block 55 havinga cylinder, 56 bored therein,<br /> the head end of which is covered by a valve<br />plate 51 and-cylinder head 58. Inasmuch as the<br />details of the ‘valves form no part of.the present<br />invention, and suitable structure is more _fully<br />described in my prior application, a further de-<br />scription of these parts appears unnecessary.<br />The cylinder block 55 is secured to the under side<br />ciprocably mounted in the cylinder 56 by means<br />of an offset or crank portion 62 formed on the<br />lower end of the main shaft 28, and below a<br />crank‘ arm 63 which carries a. counterweight 64.<br />The crank 62 rotatably fits into a diametrical<br />bore 85 of a cylindrical crosshead 56, which is<br />carried for transverse reciprocatory movement in<br />a yoke 61,/integrally connected at right angles to<br />the crank end of the piston 6|, As thus far de-<br />scribed, the driving connection will be recognized<br />as of the Scotch yoke type, but it involves cer-<br />tain important variations from the .conventionaL<br />yoke drive, as will presently be explained.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">In operation, rotation of the motor rotor 34<br />causes reciprocation of the piston 6|. to draw returning refrigerant vapors into the cylinder 56 <br />on the suction stroke, and to discharge com-<br />pressed refrigerant on the compression stroke.<br /><br />The returning vapors<br />line at the top of the casing, flow around ‘the<br />motor to absorb-some of its heat. and enter the<br />cylinder head 58 through a suction tube 12 which<br />extendsupwardly in the casing and above the<br />oil level, therein. The discharged vapors pass<br />through a discharge line 13 which is advanta-<br />geously coiled in the oil bath at the bottom of the<br />casing,’ and which terminates in an outlet line<br />14 passing through the casing wall. _The com-<br />pressor is adapted to be included in the usual<br />compressor - condenser - expander refrigeration<br />system. which needs no description here.<br />Considering furtherthe cylinder and piston and drive assembly, it will be seen, in Fig. 1 and‘ some<br />-of the enlarged views, that the cylinder block 55<br />and the cylinder bore 58, are inclined at a slight<br />angle to the horizontal plane. Similarly, while<br />the motor and bearing portions of the main shaft<br />28 are disposed in a vertical plane, the crank<br />portion 62 is inclined to the vertical plane. The<br />piston‘ BI is, of course, also necessarily inclined<br />to the horizontal plane, and it follows that it is<br />not at right angles to the vertical. These in-<br />clinations depart from customary practice, and<br />lead to the improvements with which the pres-<br />ent invention is primarily concerned. It may<br />here be noted that while this angularity may be<br />varied within reasonably wide limits, the draw-<br />ings have here been laid out for deviations from<br />the horizontal and vertical reference lines or<br />planes for a fairly small angle, _between two and<br />three degrees. This is sufficient for a compressor <br />subject to the intended service of the illustrated<br />unit.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEith0U0uvAv6mHAKhL8dEZ7etPtAtgJqjZhTBB5_oxVPPdUpH83CWf3XKYm266jyYidOXoE7rQIVEB_vSLFQJkLdJHaPLa0AG-DwOmgS7DG1SJqSmxnE2J6OzJjWh5x2h5_Cb1bIy0plskA/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEith0U0uvAv6mHAKhL8dEZ7etPtAtgJqjZhTBB5_oxVPPdUpH83CWf3XKYm266jyYidOXoE7rQIVEB_vSLFQJkLdJHaPLa0AG-DwOmgS7DG1SJqSmxnE2J6OzJjWh5x2h5_Cb1bIy0plskA/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-5.jpg" width="218" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />As will be readily understood by those con-<br />versant with the Sootch yoke linkage, rotation<br />of the drive shaft 28 about its own axis causes<br />an.orbital movement of the ‘crank pin 62, which,<br />in the usualor conventional case,,describes or<br />sweeps out a right cylinder whose axis coincides<br />with the axis of the drive shaft. The crank pin<br />62 rotatably fits in the bore 65 of the crosshead<br />66,’ and the crosshead is guided in the bore of<br />the transverse yoke 61. During one revolution<br />of the drive shaft, the crosshead will therefore<br />move lengthwise of the yoke with a linear recip-<br />rocatory motion, and the crosshead, yoke, and<br />piston will also have a linear reciprocatory mo-<br />tion with respect to the longitudinal axis of the<br />cylinder 56. The successive positions assumed by<br />these parts are shown in Figs. 3 to .6, wherein<br />Fig. 3 represents the end of the suction stroke<br />and the beginning of the compression stroke.<br />Counterclockwise rotation as viewed. in these<br />figures, will be assumed throughout the balance<br />of the description. The piston BI is then begin-<br />ning to move to the left, and the crosshead 56<br />is- moving in an upward direction. -<br /><br />In </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispctT1RNmf9k3SxkbNBIkrqw0evdCVjglKhPE02XC3zKAt5uDDU2-Cq6vva3XbnT6iPBsVaO5-rTG7ih0C5z1bWpCpAxeAoHC2z3EE5chyphenhyphen5b3VFBZhupAvpMRwPGehPZCRhm_ni1s4G3-/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PISTON__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEispctT1RNmf9k3SxkbNBIkrqw0evdCVjglKhPE02XC3zKAt5uDDU2-Cq6vva3XbnT6iPBsVaO5-rTG7ih0C5z1bWpCpAxeAoHC2z3EE5chyphenhyphen5b3VFBZhupAvpMRwPGehPZCRhm_ni1s4G3-/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_PISTON__F12M.jpg" width="255" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">the ensuing ninety degrees of rotation, the<br />displacement o</span><span style="font-size: small;">f the crank pin 62 has moved the<br />crosshead 66 upwardly to the limit of its travel <br />in this direction, and has also moved the piston<br />6| about half way in its stroke into the cylinder<br />56. This.is shown in Fig. 31. In Fig. 5, the end<br />of the compression stroke has been reached, and<br />the displacement of the crankpin has caused the<br />crosshead to recede from the upper end of its<br />travel, and to be again in a central position.<br />Fig. 6 illustrates the positions reached in the next<br />ninety degrees of rotation, when the piston Si, is<br />partially withdrawn, and the crosshead _ has<br />reached the lower limit of its transverse motion.<br />The motion of the crank pin transversely of the<br />yoke 61 is made possible by a slot 18 formed in<br />enter through a suction</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEith0U0uvAv6mHAKhL8dEZ7etPtAtgJqjZhTBB5_oxVPPdUpH83CWf3XKYm266jyYidOXoE7rQIVEB_vSLFQJkLdJHaPLa0AG-DwOmgS7DG1SJqSmxnE2J6OzJjWh5x2h5_Cb1bIy0plskA/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-5.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEith0U0uvAv6mHAKhL8dEZ7etPtAtgJqjZhTBB5_oxVPPdUpH83CWf3XKYm266jyYidOXoE7rQIVEB_vSLFQJkLdJHaPLa0AG-DwOmgS7DG1SJqSmxnE2J6OzJjWh5x2h5_Cb1bIy0plskA/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-5.jpg" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"> <br />the upper portion ofthe yoke, and the length<br />of the pin 62 is such as to terminate adjacent the<br />innermost chord taken through the arcs of inter-<br />section of the. bore 65 and the periphery Of the<br />crosshead 86. <br /> As noted, the piston SI and crank pin 62 are<br />inclined to the normal axes, and therefore the<br />arcuate motion of the crank pin is not such as to<br />describe a cylinder, but rather a cone or frustum<br />of a cone. That is to say, the inclination of the<br />crank pin 62 causes its lower extremity to sweep<br />through a circle of larger diameter than that<br />traced by its upper end. As the crank pin 62 is<br />fitted uniformly in the cylindrical bore 65 of the<br />crosshead 68, it will be apparent that the cross-<br />head will have a rocking or pendulum like mo-<br />tion about the vertical axis as it moves from-one<br />end of the yoke to the other. Similarly, the in-<br />clination and motion of the crank pin will cause<br />the yoke 61, and the connected piston Bl, to have<br />a rocking motion about the vertical axis. In<br />Figs. 3 to 6, wherein the vertical axis is normal<br />to the plane of the paper, the rocking. motion of<br />the piston BI is the same as an arcuate oscillatory<br />motion of the piston about the axis of the cylin-<br />der 56, and it is herein illustrated.by black dots<br />on the piston surface, which show the displace.-<br />ment on either side of the center line. If these<br />successive dot positions were ,connected,_ they<br />would outline a relatively long oval or‘ ellipse. '<br />The effect of the combined linear and arcuate<br />movements of the crosshead in the yoke, and the<br />piston in the cylinder, is to change the alignment<br />which, in association with the bearing surface<br />of the sleeve 21, provides a passageway through<br />which-oil may be delivered to the bearing, and<br />also ‘to the top of the rotor quill 3!. Oil dis-<br />charged from the top of the shaft 28 may drain<br />‘down through the’ rotor. clearance gap into ducts<br />82, 83',‘formed in the casting 24 (see also Fig. 1),<br />for delivery to the -exposed portion of the piston<br />6|." The excess" oil falls by gravity to the oil<br />bath contained in‘ the bottom or crankcase por-<br />tion of the casing.<br />Thelower and crank pin portions of the shaft<br />28 are longitudinally drilled to provide a duct<br />between longitudinal lines of ‘contact between <br />the pairs of arcuate surfaces, thus producing A<br />wiping or lapping action Which otherwise would not be obtained.<br /> This motion is beneficial, as it<br />serves to effect a better distribution of the oil<br />films between the surfaces, and it increases the<br />resistance to the introduction of small dirt particles which would cause scoring. </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEith0U0uvAv6mHAKhL8dEZ7etPtAtgJqjZhTBB5_oxVPPdUpH83CWf3XKYm266jyYidOXoE7rQIVEB_vSLFQJkLdJHaPLa0AG-DwOmgS7DG1SJqSmxnE2J6OzJjWh5x2h5_Cb1bIy0plskA/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-5.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEith0U0uvAv6mHAKhL8dEZ7etPtAtgJqjZhTBB5_oxVPPdUpH83CWf3XKYm266jyYidOXoE7rQIVEB_vSLFQJkLdJHaPLa0AG-DwOmgS7DG1SJqSmxnE2J6OzJjWh5x2h5_Cb1bIy0plskA/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-5.jpg" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">Another important feature of the compound<br />motions of linear reciprocation and arcuate oscillation is that the piston is always in motion in<br />at least one direction, either axially of or trans-<br />verse to the bore of the cylinder 56. As will ap-<br />pear from the motion diagrams, Figs. 3 to 6. the<br />piston is at mid-stroke when the. crosshead 66 is<br />at the end of its stroke, and vice versa. . Stated<br />otherwise, the linear and arcuate motions are<br />out of phase, and, in this particular case, by approximately 180°. <br />Inasmuch as the end of the<br />displacement or stroke of a body having har-<br />monic motion is accompanied by a reversal of di-<br />rection of motion, the body, at the instant of re-<br />versal, has a zero velocity, while maximum veloc-<br />ity occurs as it passes through its central. point<br />of reference. Thus, when the piston 6| reaches<br />the end of its linear movement or stroke, its arcu-<br />ate velocity is at its maximum, and the‘ piston<br />is therefore always in motion. It has heretofore<br />been observed that the reversal of stroke of a<br />conventional piston-in-cylinder compressor has<br />been accompanied by a slight hiss or noise, which<br />was considered to be inherent and irreducible.<br />It has now been discovered that by imparting the<br />described compound and continuous motion to<br />the piston, this source of noise is eliminated.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ4XCewnF_x7z5Wo1SC6rM4oUZZ55r-Ov3AGPex2Oj5CnF9qTmLysAvT13hVonx7qovwqz-eM0QwASjOY3X0hxitpT0TeVlP2gaFfqdKalxmKCUHMXdJullxppBwg2Z-eU9IxdFao13K6i/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ4XCewnF_x7z5Wo1SC6rM4oUZZ55r-Ov3AGPex2Oj5CnF9qTmLysAvT13hVonx7qovwqz-eM0QwASjOY3X0hxitpT0TeVlP2gaFfqdKalxmKCUHMXdJullxppBwg2Z-eU9IxdFao13K6i/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-6.jpg" width="218" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s200/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s1600/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB-MrhVK807VBsVm0sw-3L9jxhIP-40SWb9JhB5ZmcNFsmNDN6MC8ii4s8IkTo-bvS7s3TnKfti4YJ_pzLSCmq_foDlIs2bTrQrwk9jjLZZedZbL29W6W06xIdQa4rHaD8hxmdlBze7hmV/s320/DANFOSS_PANCAKE_SECTION__F12M.jpg" width="229" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><br />As heretofore noted, the inclination of the pis-<br />ton with respect to the horizontal axis is also<br />are ‘required. Considering particularly Fig. '9 the drive shaft <br />28 is formed on its periphery<br />above the crank arm 63 with a spiral groove <br /> utilized to provide a simple and effective lubricant pump, in which no additional moving parts<br /> which communicates with the groove<br />through a radial port 85. "The crank pin 82 is<br />formed with a radial slot 86 which intersects the<br />duct 84, and the lower‘ end of the duct, below the<br />slot 89, is‘ stopped off with a plug 81 after the<br />shaft has been machined. ‘The crosshead 66 is<br />formed with ‘a; transverse -or vertical groove 88,<br />which maybe machined» in the wall of the bore<br />65 from one end thereof a‘ suflicient distance to<br />overlap the radial slot 86 when the parts are as-<br />sembled, 'The crossheadnfifi ‘is also formed with<br />an ‘angularly ‘inclined, transversely disposed or<br />tangential slot"89,~ disposed on the external sur-<br />face and ‘extending upwardly from the bottom of<br />the bore 65, and in spaced relation to the groove<br />88. ‘An oil groove 90 is also formed circumfer-<br />entially of the crosshead 86, to supply lubricant<br />to the bearing surface against the yoke 81.<br /><br />The yoke. 61 is formed with a port 9|, posi-<br />tioned above the lower trace of the yoke, and<br />which is in open communication with a flattened<br />suction orriser tube 92, welded to the bottom of<br />the yoke, the lower end of which is adapted to<br />dip_into the oil bath. Both the tangential slot<br />89 and the,oil groove 90 are adapted to pass over<br />the port 9| when the compressor is operated.<br /><br />‘It will now be apparent </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">that, as the piston 6|<br />reciprocates, its yoke end moves downwardly with<br />respect to the crank pin 62 on the suction stroke,<br />andupwardly on the compression stroke, due to<br />the inclination of the piston with respect to the<br />. horizontal. Inasmuch as the lower end of the<br />crankpin 62 is adjacent the junction of the bore<br />65 with the wall of the crosshead 66, there is a<br />small well or reservoir 93 constituting, in effect,<br />a cylinder or pump chamber in which the crank<br />pin reciprocates as a piston. Referring again to<br />Figs. ‘3 -to‘ 8, it will be seen that, as the piston<br />6| , reaches the end of its compression stroke<br />(_Fig. 5-) the angularslot 89 in the crosshead 68<br />is; about to register with the port 9| in the yoke<br />61, and thus place the slot 89 in fluid communication with the oil bath. As thehshaft 28 continues,<br />‘to rotate, this communication becomes fully established, as ‘shown in Fig. 6, and the reservoir<br />93 also is in fluid communication with the oil<br />bath, since the slot 89 extends downwardly there-<br />to, as is clearly shown in Fig. 8. The cross-<br />head is moving downwardly over the crank pin<br />62, to increase the volume of the reservoir 93, and<br />the suction effect causes oil to flow into the res-<br />ervoir as long as the fluid passageway is open.<br />During this same time, the trailing edge of the<br />radial slot 86 in the crank pin 62 has moved past<br />the longitudinal duct 88 in the crosshead, thus<br />closing off this passage, and preventing flow of<br />oil therethrough.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ4XCewnF_x7z5Wo1SC6rM4oUZZ55r-Ov3AGPex2Oj5CnF9qTmLysAvT13hVonx7qovwqz-eM0QwASjOY3X0hxitpT0TeVlP2gaFfqdKalxmKCUHMXdJullxppBwg2Z-eU9IxdFao13K6i/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-6.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ4XCewnF_x7z5Wo1SC6rM4oUZZ55r-Ov3AGPex2Oj5CnF9qTmLysAvT13hVonx7qovwqz-eM0QwASjOY3X0hxitpT0TeVlP2gaFfqdKalxmKCUHMXdJullxppBwg2Z-eU9IxdFao13K6i/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-6.jpg" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"> -As the crosshead 66 moves<br />back to its central position the port 9! progres-<br />sively closes,' and is out off by the body of the<br />crosshead as the end of the suction stroke is<br />reached, as shown in‘ Fig. 3. As the compression<br />stroke begins, the leading edge of the_radial slot<br />86 opens the duct 88, and the pressure created<br />by the upward motion of the crosshead 66- with<br />respect to the crank pin 62 forces the oil into<br />the radial slot 86, and thence into" the longitud-<br />inal duct 84. The lubricant is then distributed<br />asheretofore described. <br /><br />It has heretofore been stated that the actual<br />inclination of the piston to the horizontal. and<br />the crank pin to the vertical, may be a small<br />angle of only two or three degrees. Preferably,<br />both piston and crank pin are inclined, and they<br />are inclined equally with respect to their ref-<br />erence axes<br />invention.<br /> For example, further consideration<br />of the Figures will show that, with equal angular-<br />ities, the axes of the crank pin and the piston are.<br />However, this condition need not .<br />be fulfilled within the broader principles of the<br />at right angles to each other when the crank pin <br />has revolved 180° from the position shown in</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s1600/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1-f0zIx1k7yiM4cYRGmQjZB8bJiBQOyJGtOTotYT3hyv_RuK4MQzC6zOWYFvog7EYXvRtQW9FkuAhY0WGOP7QEHdrsVwGS-RgbO1Qa6cKNNa_3y18X_a9NbVZD9y_304N_4GP4SWQd8t/s320/TOUBORG-COMPR-4.jpg" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">Fig. 1. Thus, the angularities become additive<br />on the suction stroke, and the small angularity of<br />each provides a displacement for the oil pump<br />which would not otherwise be obtained if the<br />crank pin axis were also vertical.<br />the angularity of the piston would be increased<br />to obtain the same displacement<br />be vertical references to vertical and horizontal planes and<br />axes are made for convenience of description, and<br />not to -limit the invention to compressors mount-<br />ed in one specific manner.<br /><br />It will thus be seen that a positive displacement oil pump has been formed from the basic<br />elements of the driving connection itself, that is.<br />the drive shaft, crosshead, and yoke, and in<br />which no additional moving parts are required.<br />In my prior application, a system of porting<br />through the driving elements is also disclosed, but<br />with added Darts to provide a pump cylinder and<br />piston. As with the lubricant pump of myprior<br />invention, the present pump is so organized as to<br />have its suction and pressure strokes coincide<br />substantially with the suction and compression<br />strokes of the refrigerant compressor. <br /><br />The present pump is quite noiseless in opera-<br />tion. and, while the displacements are numer-<br />ically small, they are suflicient to supply adequate<br />quantities of oil to the bearings and other work-<br />ing parts. In fact, the present pump delivers<br />enough oil that a portion of it may be sprayed<br />against the casing walls to aid in cooling. being<br />thrown oil’ centrifugally from the exposed upper<br />end of the groove 8|, while the remaining por-<br />tion drips through the rotor gap to lubricate the<br />piston. The provision of the depending suction<br />or riser tube 92 on the yoke 81 makes it unneces-<br />sary to submerge the yoke and cylinder block in<br />the lubricant.</span><br /><span style="font-size: small;">While the invention has been described with<br />respect to a single embodiment thereof, it will<br />be apparent to those skilled in the art that nu-<br />merous modifications and alterations may be<br />made without departure from its principles. It<br />is therefore intended that the invention should<br />be accorded a scope commensurate with that<br />expressed inthe following claims.<br /><br /> 1. A compressor having a crankcase portion<br />and a cylinder block formed with a cylinder bore,<br />a piston reciprocably mounted in the cylinder<br />bore and provided with a transversely disposed<br />yoke at the crankcase end thereof, a crosshead<br />slidably mounted in the yoke and formed with<br />In this case.<br /><br />When a larger </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">inclination of the piston is desired, and noise is.<br />not so much of a factor, the crank pin axis may<br />It will, of course, be understood that<br />a diametrical bore, a drive shaft having a crank<br />pin portion rotatably mounted in the crosshead<br />bore. a bearing for rotatably mounting the drive<br />shaft for rotation about its own axis, said cyl-<br />inder bore and piston_ being angularly inclined<br />with respect to the axis of the drive shaft,.said<br />yoke being positioned with its axis, at right angles<br />to the axis of the piston, whereby upon rotation<br />of the drive shaft the crank pin and crosshead<br />bore havelinear movement relative to each other,<br />an oil duct extending longitudinally of the crank<br />pin to the drive shaft bearing. an oil bath in<br />the crank case portion, and ports formed in the<br />crosshead adapted to be alternately opened and<br />closed in timed relation to the linear movement<br />of ‘the crosshead to alternately subject oil in the<br />oil duct to pressure and to replenish oil dis-<br />charged from the duct fr_om the oil bath.<br /><br />2. A compressor having a reciprocable piston<br />mounted in a fixed cylinder, said compressor<br />having a crank case portion adapted to contain<br />a bath of_ oil, a. drive shaft formed with a crank<br />pin inclined to the axis of the drive shaft, a hear-<br />ing for supporting the drive shaft for rotation<br />about its own axis, a crosshead having a—diamet-<br />rical bore in which the crank pin is rotatably<br /><br />mounted, a yoke surrounding the crosshead and-<br /><br />connected to the piston with the axes of the<br />piston and yoke at right angles to each other,<br />said yoke having an imperforate wall beneath<br />the bore of the crank pin, said piston having its<br />axis inclined to the axis of the drive shaft,<br />whereby upon rotation of the drive shaft the<br />piston will reciprocate linearly in the cylinder<br />and will also oscillate about its own axis and<br />said crosshead will reciprocate linearly in the<br />yoke, oscillate about its own axis, and reciprocate<br />linearly of the crank pin to change the volume<br />of the space between the end </span><span style="font-size: small;">of the crank pin<br />and said imperforate wall of the yoke, porting<br />means formed in the crosshead and adapted,<br />when said space is increasing in volume, to place<br />said space in communication with the oil bath,<br />an oil duct extending longitudinally of the crank<br />pin to said bearing, and additional porting means<br />between the pin and duct to place said duct in<br />communication with said space when it, is de-<br />creasing in volume.<br /><br />3. In a compressor having a supporting casting<br />and a drive shaft rotatably mounted in a bearing<br />in‘ the cast-ing for rotation about its own axis,<br />a cylinder block formed with a cylinder bore con-<br />nected to the casting, a reciprocable piston in<br />the cylinder bore, said piston and bore having a<br />common axis inclined to the axis/ of the drive<br />shaft, a yoke connected to the crank case end of<br />the piston, the axis of the yoke being disposed at<br />right angles to the axis of the piston and trans-<br />versely of the shaft axis, a cross head formed<br />with a diametrical bore slidably mounted in the<br />yoke, a crank pin on -the drive shaft rotatably<br />mounted in the crosshead bore, the end of the<br />crank pin terminating short of the end of the<br />bore to form a. reservoir between the end of said<br />crank pin. the wall of the bore, and the wall of<br />the yoke, a lubricant duct having one end adapted<br />to be placed in communication with the reser-<br />voir extending longitudinally of the crank pin<br />to the drive shaft bearing, valve means in the<br />crank pin and crosshead for establishing said<br />communication during one phase of rotation and<br />for interruptinlgsaid communication during a<br />successive phase, additional valve means in the<br />crosshead and yoke for interrupting and estab-<br />lishing communication between said reservoir<br />and the exterior of the yoke alternately to the<br />operation of said flrst named valve means, and<br />means exterior of -the yoke to supply oil to said<br />reservoir when said reservoir is in communication with the exterior of the yoke through said<br />additional valve means.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">4. A combined refrigerant compressor and oil<br />pump comprising a cylinder and a piston recip-<br />rocably mounted therein, a drive shaft and a<br />bearing for the drive shaft. and a, Scotch yoke<br />connection between the shaft and piston, said<br />yoke comprising a yoke cylinder disposed at right<br />angles to the piston and connected thereto and<br />a cylindrical crosshead slidably mounted in the<br />yoke, a bore in the crosshead, a crank pin on the<br />drive shaft rotatably mounted in‘ the bore. said<br />piston being inclined to the axis of the shaft,<br />a casing for the piston and shaft adapted to<br />contain a bath of oil, ports formed in the yoke<br />and crosshead adapted to be aligned during one<br />phase of movement of the shaft and piston and <br />upon alignment to admit oil from the casing to<br />the crosshead bore, a duct extending longitudi-<br />nally of the crank pin to the bearing, and other<br />ports formed in the crosshead and crank pin<br />adapted during a successive phase of movement<br />to transfer oil from the bore to said duct and<br />bearing.<br /><br />5; In a refrigerant compressor having a reciprocable piston fitted in a fixed cylinder and a<br />drive shaft rotatably mounted in a fixed bearing,<br />2. scotch yoke connection between the shaft and<br />piston comprising a, cylindrical yoke connected<br />to the crank end of the piston at right angles<br />to the axis thereof and a cylindrical crosshead <br />reciprocably mounted in the yoke, said crosshead<br />being formed with a diametrical bore and said<br />drive shaft being formed with a crank pin rotat-<br />ably mounted in said bore, the axis of the piston<br />being inclined to the axis of the drive shaft. said<br />yoke being formed with an oil admission port<br />disposed within the outermost trace of the cross-<br />head bore, said crosshead being formed with a<br />tangential slot communicating with the bore and<br />adapted upon reciprocation of the crosshead to<br />periodically register with and be displaced from<br />said port, an oil duct formed in the crank pin and<br />extending to the bearing, a radial slot formed<br />in the crank pin communicating with the duct <br />and a groove in the bore adapted to register with <br />the radial slot during that phase of motion of the<br />crank pin and crosshead when the tangential slot<br />is displaced from said port.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s1600/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwy6F0AZ0rvybm1dewHBi_ZRZNqtKbwFrjaW3sjhBpEXWB-14Wwezif6JnwXyhAfUaVgqFiEAmdCYHYZr8CnoBkxXKvvQn6P0q8gaClqciQ9bKHK3ZnDoOROMMKXoeGJP0mtdO476-J4EU/s320/TRESCO-COMPR-1.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">6. In a refrigerant compressor having a recip-<br />rocable piston fitted in a, fixed cylinder and a<br />drive shaft rotatably mounted in a fixed bearing,<br />a Scotch yoke connection between the piston and<br />shaft including a cylindrical yoke connected to<br />the piston at right angles to the axis thereof,<br />a cylindrical crosshead slidably mounted in the<br />yoke and formed with a diametrical bore, a crank pin on the drive shaft rotatably mounted in said<br /><br />Bore. said piston being inclined to the axis of<br />the drive shaft and said crank pin also being<br />inclined to the axis of the drive shaft at an angle<br />substantially equal to the inclination of the piston<br />to said shaft. an oil reservoir formed between<br />the end of the crank pin, crosshead bore, and yoke<br />surface, a crank case for the compressor con-<br />taining a bath of oil, and porting means formed<br />in the crank pin, crosshead, and yoke adapted<br />upon successive phases of rotative movement of<br />the shaft to admit oil from the crank case to the<br />reservoir and to transfer oil from the reservoir to<br />the bearing.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s320/IMGH_05997.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">7. A hermetic refrigerant compressor compris-<br />ing a casing having a supporting casting therein,<br />a motor mounted on the casting. a bearing<br />formed in the casting and a drive shaft rotatably<br />mounted in the bearing, said drive shaft project-<br />ing beyond the bearing at each end thereof and<br />being formed with an oil groove, a cylinder block<br />mounted on the casting and formed with a, cylin-<br />der bore, a piston reciprocably mounted in the<br />cylinder bore, a cylindrical yoke connected to the<br />crank end of the piston at right angles thereto,<br />said piston and cylinder bore being inclined to<br />the axis of the drive shaft, "a crosshead slidably<br />mounted in the yoke and formed with a dia-<br />metrical bore, a crank pin formed on one end<br />of the drive shaft and extending beyond the<br />bearing and rotatably mounted in the crosshead<br />bore, a. bath of oil in the casing, an oil duct<br />formed in the crank pin and communicating with<br />the oil groove of the drive shaft, ports formed in<br />the yoke and crosshead adapted to register dur-<br />ing one phase of movement of the drive shaft<br />to admit oil from the oil bath to the region<br />between the end of the crank pin, crosshead bore.<br />and yoke, other ports formed in the crank pin<br />and crosshead adapted to place said region in<br />communication with said oil duct during a suc-<br />cessive phase of movement, said oil groove ex-<br />tending the full length of the drive shaft and<br />to the opposite end thereof beyond said bearing,<br />whereby oil forced into said groove may be trans-<br />ferred from said opposite end of the shaft to the<br />motor and the casing walls to absorb heat there-<br />from, and a drain duct in said casting adjacent<br />the crank end of the piston and cylinder block<br />to direct at least a portion of the oil to the piston.<br /><br />(INVENTOR - JENS TOUBORG.)<b><br /></b></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh26Nm8VHYIGkOxcUmhYHbAtAm79U6DXARQZM8e-U5uh-m4uD-od1WvVICT8DajQcfAcaUYAdP3_KnGpK-iEyBGwDKmTXIjlz2j9Rp00euJZ2Qptk3bZGs5tMDuImZSDmtygdzmcyCqbKpF/s1600/IMGH_06000.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh26Nm8VHYIGkOxcUmhYHbAtAm79U6DXARQZM8e-U5uh-m4uD-od1WvVICT8DajQcfAcaUYAdP3_KnGpK-iEyBGwDKmTXIjlz2j9Rp00euJZ2Qptk3bZGs5tMDuImZSDmtygdzmcyCqbKpF/s320/IMGH_06000.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<u><b>L. Sterne & Co Ltd (refrigeration machinery manufacturers: 1882-c1960s: Glasgow, Scotland) </b></u><br />
Louis Sterne (1835-1924) was born in Philadelphia, USA, but moved to the UK in 1865. Although he had training and experience in locomotive engineering, he had also been something of a traveller and an adventurer before that date. In 1865 he set up business as a consulting engineer in London and, at the same time, entered into a partnership with a Mr Townsend, making draw and bearing springs for railway buffers. In 1873 he went into business with one of his competitors, W S Thomson, and incorporated, in 1874 , Thomson, Sterne & Co Ltd. This company was registered in England but its manufacturing base was at the Crown Iron Works, North Woodside Road, Glasgow, Scotland, close to the centre of engineering and locomotive building in the city at that time. During the 1870s and 1880s, although the company's profits were not large, they continued to make emery wheels, emery grinding machines and railway springs.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s320/IMGH_05997.jpg" width="320" /></a>In 1879, they started to manufacture Clerk's Patent Gas Engines in Glasgow, and by 1882 were doing well enough to purchase new premises in Lancashire, England. In the same year, Thomson retired, and the controlling interest passed to a James S Beale, who became managing director. The company now became known as L Sterne & Co Ltd and paid their first dividend at a modest 5 per cent. Samuel R Beale, son of J S Beale, became commercial manager in 1905 and, when his father died in 1912, he joined the board as general manager, under the chairmanship of Louis Sterne. At this time the company were selling, under licence, some small refrigerator machines to which S R Beale made some improvements. By 1914, refrigeration was fast becoming a major concern for the company, which obtained a contract for the Port of London Authority in 1915 and, a few years later, a contract for Clydeside Cold Storage Co Ltd. They were also involved in ice rinks, including Earls' Court and Wembley in London. In 1914 they entered the marine refrigeration business and opened an office in Liverpool.<br />
<br />
In 1918 the company undertook a process of rationalisation. They transferred their railway and grinding wheel interests to the Universal Grinding Wheel Co Ltd, whilst maintaining financial interests in Universal. In 1921, L Chew, formerly of H J West & Co, became a director of L Sterne & Co Ltd, who used his engineering expertise to begin the manufacture of compressors in Glasgow. They continued to flourish, absorbing, the London based Blackfriars Cold Storage Co Ltd in 1923 and buying, in 1935, the Haslam Foundry & Engineering Co Ltd, which had fallen into the hands of the bank.<br />
<br />
Management changes during these years saw Sir John F Beale, brother of S R Beale, take over as chairman when Louis Sterne died in 1924. Sir John Beale died himself in 1935 and he was succeeded as chairman by S R Beale. However, Samuel Beale moved south to England at this date to take his brother's place as chairman of Guest, Keen & Nettlefolds Ltd so that his own role became largely non-executive. Meanwhile, S R Beale's nephew, Peter Brown discovered a small automatic type of refrigerator, developed by a company called Universal Cooler Co, in Ontario. L Sterne & Co Ltd acquired the patent rights and started to market this product in the UK as the "Sternette" for domestic and household use. Samuel Beale retired in 1960 and was succeeded as chairman by his nephew, Peter Brown. The company went into liquidation in the 1960s.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s320/IMGH_05997.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><b>T</b><b>ecumseh products Company HISTORY:</b><br />
<br />
It
was Incorporated in 1930 as Hillsdale Machine & Tool Company, All
Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Air-Conditioning and Warm Air
Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment
Manufacturing; Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; Speed Changer,
Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing; Pump and Pumping
Equipment Manufacturing; Motor and Generator Manufacturing; Gasoline
Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing, Named for the legendary Shawnee
chief, Tecumseh Products makes a line of hermetically sealed compressors
and heat pumps for residential and commercial refrigerators and
freezers, water coolers, air conditioners, dehumidifiers, and vending
machines. The company's line of scroll compressor models are suited for
demanding commercial refrigeration applications and consist primarily of
reciprocating and rotary designs. Tecumseh sells its products to OEMs
and aftermarket distributors in more than 100 countries worldwide, with
80% of its sales generated outside of the US. It markets its products
under brand names that include Celseon, L'Unité Hermétique, Masterflux,
Silensys, and Vector. <br />
<br />
Tecumseh Products Company manufactures compressors for refrigeration and
air conditioning equipment, gasoline engines and automobile
transmissions, and pumps and pumping equipment for industrial,
commercial, and agricultural use. The second largest domestic
manufacturer of engines for small tractors, snow blowers, and lawn
mowers, the company is best known for its compressors, machines that
compress refrigerants in air conditioners and refrigerators. The town of
Tecumseh, Michigan, in which the company is headquartered, has since
become known as the "Refrigeration Capital of the World."<br />
<br />
An early 1990s public offering brought in new capital while allowing the
founding Herrick family to retain control. The company has since moved
to establish manufacturing hubs in Brazil and India while cutting back
on U.S. production. Tecumseh has acquired some suppliers and is
attempting to make its brand more visible to consumers and contractors.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh Products was founded by Ray W. Herrick, a master toolmaker who
came to prominence in the 1920s in Michigan's growing auto industry.
Herrick's reputation as a knowledgeable and highly skilled toolmaker led
to his rapid advancement in the industry. He was given supervisory
positions and became a friend and adviser to influential inventors and
industrialists such as Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone, and Thomas Edison.
In 1928 Herrick was asked to help turn around the struggling Alamo
Engine Company in the southeastern Michigan town of Hillsdale, where he
served until 1933 as factory manager and eventually as director of sales
and production. The company continued to decline, however, and during
this time Herrick and a local toolmaker named C.F. (Bill) Sage decided
to launch a business of their own, incorporating as Hillsdale Machine
& Tool Company in 1930.<br />
<br />
The Hillsdale company manufactured high-quality automobile and electric
refrigerator parts, as well as small tools and mechanical novelties.
Also handling orders that Alamo could not fill, the Hillsdale company
went from grossing $26,000 in sales during its first year of operation
to $284,000 by 1933. Initially, two-thirds of the company's stock was
owned by Sage and his wife, while Herrick owned the remaining third. By
1933, however, Herrick bought out most of their interest and gained
control of the company.<br />
<br />
Competition in the manufactured parts industry was fierce in 1933, and
Hillsdale soon sought larger production facilities. When Alamo went into
receivership that year, Herrick leased its plant for one year, hoping
to purchase it at the end of the term. The rent paid to Alamo's
receivers, however, cut into the Hillsd<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s320/IMGH_05997.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>ale
company's profits. Furthermore, the Hillsdale company had been founded
during the height of the Great Depression, and these early years were
characterized by escalating debt and inadequate cash flow. By 1934,
Herrick's company was close to bankruptcy.<br />
<br />
That year, however, as a result of a concerted effort by Herrick, the
Ford Motor Company, private investors, and the city of Tecumseh--located
about 60 miles southwest of Detroit--Hillsdale Tool & Machine
Company managed to raise a little more than $12,000, with which it
acquired a 30,000-square-foot abandoned facility in Tecumseh. Changing
the company's name to Tecumseh Products, Herrick had the building
renovated, borrowed the necessary machinery, and soon began the mass
production of automotive and refrigerator parts. The following year the
company gained much needed cash flow leverage when Henry Ford helped
Herrick secure a line of credit with a Detroit bank.<br />
<br />
In 1936 Tecumseh Products began to focus on manufacturing the product on
which its reputation would be built: the hermetically sealed
refrigeration compressor. Five years earlier, Herrick had been
approached by Frank Smith, an engineer interested in selling Herrick his
compressor designs. At that time, Herrick had employed Smith as a
machinist, agreeing to consider the prototypes that Smith was
developing. Over the next few years, engineers Curtis Brown and Jens
Touborg joined Smith, and the three eventually formed an engineering
business known as Tresco. Tresco worked closely with Tecumseh Products,
providing Herrick with designs for inexpensive and reliable
refrigeration compressors that rivaled those of the major manufacturers.
By the end of the 1930s, Tecumseh Products was producing more than
100,000 of these compressors a year.<br />
<br />
At the onset of World War II, Herrick shifted the focus of Tecumseh
Products to the manufacture of defense materials. The company continued
to produce compressors, which had applications in military equipment,
while also turning out anti-aircraft projectile casings and precision
parts for aircraft engines. By 1942, Tecumseh was mainly producing
40-millimeter shell casings, which it supplied to the U.S. Navy. In
April of that year the company received the Navy E award for excellence
for its contributions to the war effort; it received several similar
awards before the war ended.<br />
<br />
In 1945 Herrick's son, Kenneth G. Herrick, returned from the war and
went to work for Tecumseh Products as the company resumed its focus on
the production of compressors. During this time, competition in the
industry intensified, with postwar demand for electric appliances,
especially refrigerators, rising dramatically. Becoming known for the
high quality of its compressors, as well as for their timely delivery,
Tecumseh Products soon emerged as an industry leader. In 1947 a Tecumseh
Products compressor was featured in the first window unit air
conditioner for the home. By 1950, Tecumseh's sales reached $72 million,
and the company was producing more than two million compressors a year.<br />
<br />
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s Tecumseh Products sought to expand. First
it increased its production capacity with the 1950 and 1952 purchases
of Universal Cooler Corp. in Marion, Ohio, and the Acklin Stamping
Company of Toledo, respectively. Also involved in finding new uses for
its products, the company marketed an air conditioning compressor for
automobiles in 1953. The following year, Tecumseh's sales reached $124
million, and in 1955 Herrick is reported to have paid nearly $5 million
to purchase Tresco, the engineering business founded by Smith, Brown,
and Touborg. At this time, Herrick brought Joseph E. Layton in from
International Harvester to serve Tecumseh Products as president and
chief executive officer. Herrick remained the company's chairperson.<br />
<br />
Purchasing two Wisconsin companies in 1956 and 1957--the Lauson Engine
Company of New Holstein and Power Products of Grafton--Tecumseh Products
claimed two new divisions designated for the production of gasoline
engines. These two acquisitions were provided with new, modern equipment
and tools in order to begin production of compact, lightweight engines
suitable for use in lawn and garden machinery. Also during this time the
company began to establish licensees abroad, planning to one day market
its products worldwide.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s320/IMGH_05997.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
I<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>n
1960 Tecumseh Products of Canada, Ltd. was formed as a sales
distribution center for compressors manufactured in the United States.
This facility was later expanded into a production facility to handle
demand for compressors in Canada. Over the next decade the company
acquired the Diecast Division of Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, and the
Peerless Gear & Machine Company, which it designated as a separate
division and provided with a new plant to manufacture transaxles,
transmissions, and differentials for lawn and garden equipment.
Furthermore, the company set up research and development laboratories at
Purdue University and in Ann Arbor, Michigan, to support its divisions,
employing scientists in the fields of chemistry and metallurgy, as well
as mechanical and electrical engineers.<br />
<br />
In 1964 Layton died unexpectedly, and William Hazelwood, a divisional
vice-president, was named president of Tecumseh Products. Hazelwood
remained in this position until 1966 when the 76-year-old Herrick gave
up the chairmanship and, retaining a position for himself as
vice-chairman, named his son Kenneth as president. Four years later
Kenneth Herrick's son Todd came to work for Tecumseh Products. Kenneth
ascended to chairman and CEO, and William MacBeth was named president.
By this time the company had manufactured more than 100 million
compressors and 25 million small engines.<br />
<br />
In 1973 Ray Herrick died. Under Kenneth Herrick, Tecumseh Products built
compressor and engine plants in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi,
while continuing to add to its product line. For example, the company
acquired M.P. Pumps, Inc., of Detroit, which produced pumps used in
agricultural, industrial, and marine environments. Submersible pumps,
used as sump pumps and in large cooling systems, were introduced in
1980, with the company's purchase of the Little Giant Pump Company in
Oklahoma.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh Products sought to become an international company in the 1980s, and, over the next ten years, foreig<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s320/IMGH_05997.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>n
sales, both from exports and through European acquisitions, rose to 15
percent of the company's total sales revenues. In 1981 Tecumseh Products
entered into a joint venture with the Italian Fiat Settori Componenti,
which resulted in the formation of Tecnamotor S.p.A., a manufacturer and
marketer of engines for outdoor power equipment. The following year
Tecumseh Products increased its holdings in the Sociade Intercontinental
de Compressores Hermeticos SICOM, S.A. SICOM was based in Sao Paulo,
Brazil, and served world markets through its manufacture of compressors.
Tecumseh Products was further able to form a strong European interest
through a 1985 joint venture with L'Unite Hermetique S.A. in Paris, a
compressor manufacturer and exporter that Tecumseh Products eventually
acquired as a subsidiary. The company's expansion into the international
market had mixed results. It gained market share and enjoyed financial
success, particularly in the engine sales of Tecnamotor, of which it
acquired 100 percent ownership in 1989. This new subsidiary went on to
become the largest engine manufacturer of its kind in Europe.
Nevertheless, the company experienced a sharp decline in earnings during
the late 1980s, which it attributed to the undervalued American dollar
and delays in new product development.<br />
<br />
In the United States, foreign competition in the production of
refrigeration components intensified during the late 1980s and early
1990s. Tecumseh Products, though, continued to experience growth. In
1987 the company introduced a new line of air conditioning compressors
for residential use, designed to be both quieter and more energy
efficient in compliance with the federal government's National Appliance
Energy Conservation Act. In 1989 air conditioning compressors were
bolstered by a nationwide heat wave, and the company's net income rose
to $82 million, up from $70 million the year before.<br />
<br />
The company's interest in some foreign markets, however, suffered due to
political instabilities during this time, particularly in China, where
compressor sales fell almost to zero during the Tiananmen Square riots,
as well as in the Middle East, where export sales were threatened by the
Persian Gulf War. In 1992 Tecumseh was given an E Star award by the
U.S. Department of Commerce for its commitment to international markets
during these difficult times.<br />
<br />
As Tecumseh Products entered the 1990s, it featured a broad range of
products in several divisions. Refrigeration products, which accounted
for more than half of its total sales, included compressors sold to the
manufacturers of home cooling systems and appliances, water coolers,
vending machines, and refrigerated display cases. Engine products mainly
featured aluminum diecast engines of 2 to 12 horsepower used in
machinery for both home lawn maintenance and farming. Power train
products included transmissions, transaxles, and differentials produced
for lawn and garden equipment as well as for recreational vehicles. The
pump products division featured a variety of pumps made from cast iron,
aluminum, stainless steel, or brass, capable of pumping up to 300
gallons per minute, while the company's submersible pumps division
produced pumps for use in clothes washers and carpet cleaners as well as
kidney dialysis machines.<br />
<br />
In 1992 the company faced a new series of federal regulations designed
to protect the environment by imposing restrictions on compressor and
engine emissions and banning altogether chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
which were widely used in refrigeration. As the ban on CFCs neared
implementation in the mid-1990s, Tecumseh Products began converting its
compressors to operate on alternative refrigerants, which, the company
asserted, were available but costly. Furthermore, in joint efforts with
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Tecumseh Products researched
possible improvements to the engine manufacturing process that would
lead to less harmful emissions, and also developed new techniques for
treating and disposing of contaminated sediments resulting from
dangerous industrial wastes being dumped into rivers.<br />
<br />
Financially, in <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s320/IMGH_05997.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>March
1992 the stockholders of Tecumseh Products approved a proposal to
reclassify its existing shares as voting Class B stock, while creating a
new class of nonvoting Class A common stock. The stockholders were
issued one share of the Class A stock for each share they already owned.
At the time, Edward Wyatt observed in Barron's that "because 45% of the
equity currently outstanding is owned by members of the founding
Herrick family, the stock plan will allow them to retain their voting
rights while effectively splitting the stock 2-for-1." He also observed
that the new plan would probably induce analysts to follow the fortunes
of Tecumseh Products more closely.<br />
<br />
By this time the founding Herrick family had had four generations
involved in Tecumseh's management. In 1994, CEO Todd Herrick told
Financial World the credo of his grandfather that still guided the
company: "We believe in God, we mind our business and we work like
hell."<br />
<br />
In the mid-1990s, Tecumseh had revenues of about $2 billion and 15,000
employees. The company was developing its versions of the new,
energy-efficient scroll compressors that were beginning to replace
traditional reciprocating compressors in the air conditioning industry.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh opened a new plant in Georgia in 1995 and a 200,000-square-foot
factory in Corinth, Mississippi, in 1997. The latter's initial product
was an electric motor for air conditioner compressors that had
previously been sourced in Singapore.<br />
<br />
The company also was expanding abroad, entering a joint venture with the
Shriram Group to set up a plant in Hyderabad, India. It later bought
out its partner there and acquired a refrigerator compressor factory
near New Delhi from Whirlpool of India.<br />
<br />
The company began promoting its brand directly to consumers. It aired
ads urging them to look for its motors when they bought snow throwers, a
market in which Tecumseh held a lead over rival Briggs & Stratton
Corp., which led the lawn mower market.<br />
<br />
Sales were $1.65 billion in 2000. The company's three business segments
were each profitable. Strong Brazilian operations saved the Compressor
Business, while operations in India were affected by start-up costs and
work stoppages. The Engine & Power Train Business had slowed after a
Y2K-inspired run on generators the previous year. The smallest unit,
the Pump Business, was growing on the popularity of water gardening and
industrial sales. During the year, the company entered the residential
wastewater collection, transfer, and disposal market through the
purchase of the assets of Interon Corporation.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh cut 900 jo<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s1600/IMGH_05997.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvJaSAaC_qaxXekGt0UikF10HQmmScqiLWlHGTYgU5Quo3Re5Ol-2zwRiwB1lvLifnXsj9y07EoHE65pxIF_Ix_o5hYsVnxqo_-2yx0Xs2ICri81jeqpvoMJgZ4PA4eJTM3JeC-Z2W5Z_/s320/IMGH_05997.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF90DaqyGqezFoQHYZ3GOQHoquCmGMzHSwDzv5RYPoAXPY2VGx3IVd7_Ra9-iw_UXlnGigSNGXDa_gpdYkkHqkP68HxG4kQmrmO6OlCIu5zkyHsl9SIzG0-peVun94rABxaLGJfvgFDqYf/s1600/IMGH_06993__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>bs
in a 2000 restructuring that closed a plant in Somerset, Kentucky.
Another 600 were being cut at an Indian factory. The company was
expanding its operations in Mississippi, however.<br />
<br />
According to one report, Tecumseh controlled 20 percent of the world
market for small engines. It was growing its business in Europe, where
it was dominant, with a 25 percent market share. Europe made up nearly
40 percent of the world market and was expected to grow due to the
opening of Eastern Europe. Tecumseh acquired its Czech carburetor
supplier, Motoco, from Motor Jikov in May 2001. Tecumseh had other
European operations, including joint ventures and a subsidiary in
France.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh's subsidiary in India, Tecumseh Products India Ltd. (TPIL), was
starting to export to South Africa and West Asia. The Indian market
itself was ripe for development, with relatively few owning
refrigerators or air conditioners. Tecumseh's plants in India produced
compressor components as well as completed units.<br />
<br />
Tecumseh acquired a supplier of manufacturing
software, Manufacturing Data Systems, Inc. (MDSI), in 2002. The next
year, it bought FASCO Motors, Invensys PLC's electric motor operations,
for $415 million. FASCO formed the basis of a new business segment,
Electrical Components.<br />
<br />
Company officials told Contracting Business that although Tecumseh had
enjoyed a relatively low profile in the past, it was becoming more
retail-oriented. It leveraged its expertise in compressors to products
such as drinking water systems and cooling towers through its "Cool
Products" line. Tecumseh's products were distributed through 130
distribution centers and 1,700 outlets in the United States. Tecumseh
was phasing out its U.S. manufacturing due to price pressure from
customers. The company managed net income of $10 million on sales of
$1.9 billion in 2004.<br />
<br />
Principal Subsidiaries<br />
<br />
Evergy, Inc.; FASCO Australia Pty. Ltd.; FASCO Industries, Inc.; FASCO
Motors, Ltd. (Thailand); Little Giant Pump Company; Masterflux;
Manufacturing Data Systems, Inc.; Motoco a.s. (Czech Republic); M.P.
Pumps, Inc.; Tecumotor/Evergy; Tecumseh do Brasil, Ltda.; Tecumseh
Compressor Company; Tecumseh Europa, S.p.A. (Italy); Tecumseh France
S.A.; Tecumseh Power Company; Tecumseh Products Company of Canada, Ltd.;
Tecumseh Products India Ltd.; TMT Motoco, Ltd. (Brazil).<br />
<br />
Principal Divisions<br />
<br />
Compressors; Engines & Power Trains; Pumps; Electrical Components.<br />
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></div>
FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-65296213131989919302012-08-21T00:00:00.000-07:002013-12-25T11:42:04.396-08:00WHAT'S THAT CYCLO ISO PENTANE GREEN WRITED ADVICE REAR SIDE ANY MODERN REFRIGERATOR ??<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<u><i> <b><span style="font-size: large;">Refrigerator insulation material today (<span style="color: red; font-size: small;">FLAMMABLE</span>):</span></b></i></u><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><b> Most relevant foam selection criteria k-Values and densities of different blowing agents:</b></u></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The 2 most important criteria of selecting foam material are the thermal conductivity (k-value) and the density: The lower the thermal conductivity is the less energy will be lost,<br />the less density is reached, the less material is needed to fill a cavity, the less it costs.</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOTKaK3iWRm05HRfbh4kQIQMkpaXY6-NRNy5dnadGADDI6sN91cFocgXFXt1ZYEjFLd7Fr1J8WpK2sqjGLuL8Y75MfjC9O4RsPHq5IZQGRlIlEYGlKT9s-SgmzYw-hQ3No2ER4ELtGvIz6/s1600/TABLE-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOTKaK3iWRm05HRfbh4kQIQMkpaXY6-NRNy5dnadGADDI6sN91cFocgXFXt1ZYEjFLd7Fr1J8WpK2sqjGLuL8Y75MfjC9O4RsPHq5IZQGRlIlEYGlKT9s-SgmzYw-hQ3No2ER4ELtGvIz6/s320/TABLE-1.jpg" height="203" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><br />The following table contain compared test data under production conditions as made by foaming material producers (BASF-Elastogran, Huntman-I.C.I, Bayer and Dow), by some refrigerant producers, for HFC-365mfc (Solvay, licence of Bayer) and HFC-245a (Honeywell) by blowing agent producers. The overall density have a range: the lower range values can be reached in simpler cabinet geometry foamed in bath position and if the filling hole is centralised on the bottom point (so called top flow technology) while the upper overall density value is reached by longer foam rising ways filled from compressor compartment side or top plate side. Only in few single case their were deviations with worse values outside the given range as a result of not optimal production or material conditions. We did not take into consideration special controlled “laboratory” conditions which often could reach 1-2 mW/m*K better k-values as to be realised in running production even with strict quality control on material, machines and process. We estimate that the HCF-365mfc and HCF-245fa values could be improved in the future by 1-1.5mW/m*K similar to the values reached by other blowing agents after 2-3 years of research when the systems will be optimised.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> ² At –20°C the k-values are often higher than at +20°C for low boiling materials. Lowest values are often reached in the range of 15-20°C. To receive a more realistic k-value we selected the comparison value on 10°C as average value because freezers are inside <-20°C, representing normally 33% of refrigeration volume, refrigerator inside 3-8°C and environment temperature for both are 18-38°C for subtropical class, up to 18-43°C<br />for tropical class. Because of a condensation effect for lower temperatures underneath 0°C Cyclopentane foam have significant lower K-values than CFC-11.<br />³ see remarks to changes of standardisation of GWP 4 Old IPCC 1996 value, which probably have to be creased by 20% to make in comparable with WMO 1999<br />values 5 The value of CO2 can also be 0 id CO2 is taken from air and not by burning of fossil Hydrocarbon.<br />The data base of HFC-245fa is incomplete and on HFC-365mfa still very small. We did not mentioned anymore HCFC-123 which did not pass the health test (PAFT) as well as HFC-152a, because relevant research data were not yet presented or not known yet by us.<br />A Handicap for the replacement of HCFC-141b by HFC-245 or HFC-365mfa is the high prices of these 2 blowing agents. US$ 9,00 per kg HFC-245fa and US$ 5,50 for HFC-365mfa is much more expensive than Cyclopentane.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />Besides environmental aspects and density, which means cost of foam per refrigerator (the lower density can be reached the cheaper is the foam), an effective production is a decisive criterion for the economic efficiency of PU foams. The production efficiency are influenced by - foam material characteristics , specially the demoulding behaviour and flow behaviour, and also by - the used technology: foaming machines, the supporting jigs, opening and closing speed, heating, mixing heads,<br />cabinet carriage and their movement speed, which we will analyse separately. First we will concentrate of the foam material itself and after reanalysing many articles and research reports in this field we decided to cite an article of Udo Rotermund, Gottfried Knorr, Holger Seifert, Werner Wiegmann: Technical Comparison of Various Blowing Agents with Different PU-Systems set for the Appliances Industry, Elastogran (BASF), 2000.</span><br />
<br />
<u>FIELD OF THE INVENTION</u><br />
<br />
The present invention pertains to
rigid insulating foams prepared from the reaction of pentane blown
methylene diphenylene diisocyanates and its higher ring content
oligomers and polyols which exhibit low flammability while at the same
time possessing low thermal conductivities. More particularly, the
present invention pertains to polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foam
systems employing a brominated halocarbon in addition to an aliphatic
hydrocarbon as a blowing agent.<br />
<br />
<u>BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION</u><br />
<br />
Since
the widespread adoption of the Montreal Protocol, the urethane industry
has concentrated efforts directed to eliminating the use of
chlorofluorocarbons, such as the widely used CFC-11, from polyurethane
foam formulations of all types. The use of HCFC's such as HCFC-22,
monochlorodifluoromethane, which have lower ozone depletion potentials
(ODP's) has been promoted as an interim solution. However, HCFC-22, an
HCFC of choice, is a gas at room temperature with poor system
solubility, and thus extraordinary processing equipment must be used,
including in some cases, pressurized day tanks. <br />
Water has been
utilized for many years in polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foam
systems. However, the carbon dioxide generated by the water/isocyanate
reaction is markedly inferior to the CFCs and HCFCs with respect to
preparing rigid foams having low K-factors. To overcome this deficiency,
it has been suggested to include perfluorocarbons (PFAs) in a water
blown formulations. However PFAs are quite expensive despite being used
in modest amounts; have exceptionally poor system solubility, often
requiring emulsification rather than solution; and moreover offer only a
modest advantage over all-water-blown systems. <br />
Low-boiling
aliphatic hydrocarbons have been suggested as blowing agents for
polymeric foams, and are widely used in the expandable and expanded
polystyrene industry. However, they have been eschewed by the
polyurethane industry due to the flammability of the foams produced
through their use, as well as the high K-factors obtained in rigid
foams, making them undesirable for use in many applications. <br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ageing of foam. </span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">But we also should not look only on initial values after manufacturing, as it is part of the<br />refrigerator standards, but on values over the full lifetime of a refrigerator. For example CFC-11 and HCFC-141b used as blowing agent in foam produce foam with excellent initial k-values in the range of 17 mW/m*K (CFC-11) respective 17.5 mW/m*K (HCFC-141b); but after 310 days (CFC-11) respective 280 days (HCFC-141b) because of faster diffusion of this small molecules out of the cellular foam matrix, their k-values of foam became higher, that means lower insulating, as if larger blowing agent molecules, like Cyclopentane (18 mW/m*K) or HFC-365mfc (18 mW/m*K; not yet optimised). The speed of ageing depends from</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">- the temperatures the foam is exposed during life,<br />- the skin of foam (in the refrigerator one side in direction of cold storage are plastic like Polystyrene or ABS and the other side is quite good sealing steel),<br />-the size of molecule,<br />-the partial vapour pressure, which in case of Cyclopentane is slightly reduced because of partial solubility<br />inside the foam matrix.<br /> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">After 6-9 years the k-values of foam produced with different blowing agents will become similar to each other in the range of 27-28 kW/m*K, that is the value after complete diffusion of the blowing agent, so that the foam matrix is only filled by air. Therefore the discussion which blowing agent are the best should not to be taken too serious if the k-values are deviating only by 1kW/m*K - except under ODP, health aspect and bid differences of GWP values.<br />Values like:<br />- the cabinet constant (= reverse heat leakage), that represents the energy needed to maintain the temperature difference of a cold storage to its environment,<br />- the pull down energy (this is a question of the efficiency of the cooling circuit and has nothing to do with the insulation), and last not least</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />- energy consumption of the refrigerator, depending on insulation, design and cooling circuit construction) are the most important factor of global warming to be considered in the refrigeration sector.</span></span><br />
<br />
<u><span style="font-size: small;">At moment refrigerator companies in USA and Japan are using HCFC-141b, in Europe nearly only Cyclopentane and Cyclopentane mixtures and in the rest of the world mainly Cyclopentane.</span></u><br />
<br />
<br />
Modern (crap) fridges often contain insulating foam that is blown with hydrocarbon (HC)<br />
blowing agents, usually <u style="color: #45818e;"><i>cyclopentane </i></u>but may also include <i><span style="color: #38761d;">n-pentane</span> </i>and <i style="color: #6aa84f;">i-pentane</i>,<br />
collectively referred to in this report as “<span style="color: #76a5af;">pentane</span>”. These hydrocarbon blowing agents<br />
have replaced the use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbon<br />
(HCFC)blowing agents (ozone depleting substances (ODS)) and Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) blowing agents (gases with high global warming potential (GWP)). HC blowing agents are not ODS and do not have a high GWP but pose greater fire risk due to their high flammability.<br />
Permitted fridge treatment facilities accept fridges (those containing CFC/HCFC/HFC/HC refrigerants and blowing agents) and process them to remove the oil and capture the refrigerant from the cooling circuit. Once this is done, in accordance with the WEEE Directive and associated Defra BATRRT guidance4, the degassed CFC, HCFC and HFC fridge carcasses must be treated in dedicated plant, which will ensure that the blowing agent is collected and sent for destruction (e.g.incineration).<br />
<br />
Pentane blowing agents that are used in the insulating foam of fridges have the R11<br />
(highly flammable) risk phrase (note: term not to be confused with “R11” CFC<br />
refrigerant). The pentane is entrained within the foam and therefore the material<br />
should be assessed for flammability as a solid in accordance with Test Method A.10<br />
Flammability (Solids). If the foam is assessed as being hazardous (i.e. under the<br />
R11 risk phrase) then it would be assigned the H3A (highly flammable) hazardous<br />
property and appliances that contain it as a component would be classified<br />
hazardous waste under European Waste Code 16 02 13* (discarded equipment<br />
containing hazardous components other than those mentioned in 16 02 09 to 16 02<br />
12) or 20 01 35* (discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those<br />
mentioned in 20 01 21 and 20 01 23 containing hazardous components).<br />
<br />
The GC MS analysis of the blowing agent(s) contained in the foam panels confirmed<br />
that each panel contained a hydrocarbon blowing agent, as had been marked on the<br />
exterior of the appliances (see <span style="color: blue;">Appendix 1</span>). The results also confirmed that<br />
cyclopentane was the principal hydrocarbon blowing agent used in the foam panels.<br />
However, 9 foam panels also contained iso-pentane as a minor constituent (with<br />
cyclopentane identified as the main constituent), and 2 panels contained iso-pentane<br />
as the main constituent.<br />
<br />
<b>Burning rates:</b><br />
<br />
All foam samples burned the required distance (100mm) in a time under 20 seconds.<br />
The slowest burn rate recorded was 19.3 seconds (test sample 3, fridge 1) and the<br />
fastest recorded was 2.8 seconds (test sample 1, fridge 8). The average burning rate<br />
time across all 60 samples was 9.4 seconds.<br />
The fastest and slowest burning samples both contained cyclopentane blowing<br />
agent. The type of hydrocarbon blowing agent did not appear to have a significant<br />
effect on the burning rate of the foam samples, with the average burning rate<br />
between the 3 types (i.e. those containing a) cyclopentane, b) cyclopentane and iso-<br />
pentane (as minor constituent) and c) iso-pentane (as main constituent)) being 9.7,<br />
9.3 and 9.2 seconds respectively. Therefore, variability in burning rate between<br />
samples was possibly due to variability in hydrocarbon blowing agent content<br />
(quantity), rather than type.<br />
<br />
When assessing waste electrical equipment, such as fridges, it is the presence or<br />
absence of hazardous components that determines if they are classed as hazardous<br />
waste or not. Insulation foam that has been blown with a hydrocarbon blowing agent<br />
(pentane) has been demonstrated to posses the hazardous property H3A (highly<br />
flammable). This means it is a hazardous component and would, amongst other<br />
components, make a fridge a hazardous waste.<br />
<br />
<div style="color: #a64d79; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right;">
<u><span style="font-size: small;"><i>IT was concluded that all fridge panels tested should be considered as highly</i></span></u></div>
<div style="color: #a64d79; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right;">
<u><span style="font-size: small;"><i>flammable solid materials. As a result of this, we believe that all fridge insulation</i></span></u></div>
<div style="color: #a64d79; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right;">
<u><span style="font-size: small;"><i>foam produced using a hydrocarbon blowing agent should be considered highly</i></span></u></div>
<div style="color: #a64d79; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right;">
<u><span style="font-size: small;"><i>flammable, unless tested and demonstrated otherwise.</i></span></u></div>
<br />
<u><span style="color: blue;">APPENDIX-1</span>:</u><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyrIihfHflFnvw5hFB3cMj8I4sXDF7Lya3Lw1cXbmysHfzISB_bGtqTYt1TwmMULFtzPeG1qlk-0uIzzneoxERDOfGAkAqVg3bt4vd196mBDAbsHTv_fekuQgLBGMOhszh84me3juAipvK/s1600/APPENDIX1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyrIihfHflFnvw5hFB3cMj8I4sXDF7Lya3Lw1cXbmysHfzISB_bGtqTYt1TwmMULFtzPeG1qlk-0uIzzneoxERDOfGAkAqVg3bt4vd196mBDAbsHTv_fekuQgLBGMOhszh84me3juAipvK/s400/APPENDIX1.jpg" height="281" width="400" /></a><br />
<br />
I'VE ALWAYS SAID.............FREON12 (R12) FOREVER (AT LEAST NOT FLAMMABLE).................<br />
<br />
<br />FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-45938778054486763722012-08-20T18:00:00.000-07:002013-12-25T11:42:04.369-08:00ZOPPAS (ELECTROLUX) PD241S YEAR 2002.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGLWfUIHHSKq0SWHq0rk0eg3HjU0bMqfQBGjbweS_46qt6ftICyASq4eHfuziZB899-0ZY8c4NkLuI_OapcQVcv5p5KZRuvyrEShT_rtwbzme-mROEw7cByPFX9bDXEzrogDSsaf9wUTxk/s1600/IMGH_05798.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGLWfUIHHSKq0SWHq0rk0eg3HjU0bMqfQBGjbweS_46qt6ftICyASq4eHfuziZB899-0ZY8c4NkLuI_OapcQVcv5p5KZRuvyrEShT_rtwbzme-mROEw7cByPFX9bDXEzrogDSsaf9wUTxk/s320/IMGH_05798.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoRi1Cnth8j7hfCSOC8QSWZkUujgfj4TiH8dCtS_srBx0hRoBkhVB_ytJEWe6wVssdIyVIwfwmGjz0pVC8nyc2tkB9UuF_C6RA7-Yl78GVP8w3ESHsY5gPgCjU1ul8lDDIlVzng4tvYaIj/s1600/IMGH_05799.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoRi1Cnth8j7hfCSOC8QSWZkUujgfj4TiH8dCtS_srBx0hRoBkhVB_ytJEWe6wVssdIyVIwfwmGjz0pVC8nyc2tkB9UuF_C6RA7-Yl78GVP8w3ESHsY5gPgCjU1ul8lDDIlVzng4tvYaIj/s320/IMGH_05799.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuw-QmoBH009p_i5OlLIk2l2tKbVw7H25Y7LGzfCVnk7K85Zz20EzdNI8iUL1hwywfmFJkgaYXuoHczgZkTS_0xk0vk9rO0ekyxiir16bQUoH-zvEyB3TIe73S0g91chyEMx1tio_FQ8yU/s1600/IMGH_05800.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuw-QmoBH009p_i5OlLIk2l2tKbVw7H25Y7LGzfCVnk7K85Zz20EzdNI8iUL1hwywfmFJkgaYXuoHczgZkTS_0xk0vk9rO0ekyxiir16bQUoH-zvEyB3TIe73S0g91chyEMx1tio_FQ8yU/s320/IMGH_05800.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizZoz4bbb3TJW904FQ-lL64uTzy7GWljd3LAVG3pnAxAVfe91wJMTZn35ni0LFEheipLMaOJm0UMO4pM8JbBbPOy9VofYCHbv99txtXee5bx2sYmRsEJhoZbhChw-Q4VzIozd3CtIJvtzz/s1600/IMGH_05801.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizZoz4bbb3TJW904FQ-lL64uTzy7GWljd3LAVG3pnAxAVfe91wJMTZn35ni0LFEheipLMaOJm0UMO4pM8JbBbPOy9VofYCHbv99txtXee5bx2sYmRsEJhoZbhChw-Q4VzIozd3CtIJvtzz/s320/IMGH_05801.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRkKdi3MyKAiht_2BUx0YFviBLB9xwG43PE10niUwhAkvA36hfEuaTf2HodDaNdRehNuZfmZfGtmMLWQUfkYtz0tSktLY6jt31E5DdAxQqptC0H1S3VTOKtB_hljBY4P6BdfNFHsGhLBYv/s1600/IMGH_05794.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRkKdi3MyKAiht_2BUx0YFviBLB9xwG43PE10niUwhAkvA36hfEuaTf2HodDaNdRehNuZfmZfGtmMLWQUfkYtz0tSktLY6jt31E5DdAxQqptC0H1S3VTOKtB_hljBY4P6BdfNFHsGhLBYv/s320/IMGH_05794.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN7Swt8GgP3JLs_5AfcbmvDJb52NeYGlidFDBiE13oA1c4ZH0KCi8NN4RMGzyeBPfc1HRw9eZvYMnWRa3lTLGsfwGTF0LNcx1UL07a_XOlE8IGxrsxJLUS9_yBetRDmnvbvu5XwaJr289V/s1600/IMGH_05795.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN7Swt8GgP3JLs_5AfcbmvDJb52NeYGlidFDBiE13oA1c4ZH0KCi8NN4RMGzyeBPfc1HRw9eZvYMnWRa3lTLGsfwGTF0LNcx1UL07a_XOlE8IGxrsxJLUS9_yBetRDmnvbvu5XwaJr289V/s320/IMGH_05795.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgULk12n884ujWiEjHPKgUQ-qfJ4t_TCdlVXZWW8WRRlI7nbjb3XtcKMe2tKYBWuYnVDikK4KKjWaVb38fK6SkNw4LG1x7MhY1EDEUmuyUQbcYsKPF2UlOznoroyoVomGY_YODmPjeybXf1/s1600/IMGH_05796.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgULk12n884ujWiEjHPKgUQ-qfJ4t_TCdlVXZWW8WRRlI7nbjb3XtcKMe2tKYBWuYnVDikK4KKjWaVb38fK6SkNw4LG1x7MhY1EDEUmuyUQbcYsKPF2UlOznoroyoVomGY_YODmPjeybXf1/s320/IMGH_05796.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiakZ3pDNSW15P6XzMx4DtgAHXJpao5FsOyOAKuXmczkIhRBQeMjeN7H9_S5l11K7bpvW5lFZIZq58hx2Z1Xv8vauZaSrWdKZTx6z175fsbtP5EciXbi9RQOOV_KobghWog580PojtpEVQw/s1600/IMGH_05797.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiakZ3pDNSW15P6XzMx4DtgAHXJpao5FsOyOAKuXmczkIhRBQeMjeN7H9_S5l11K7bpvW5lFZIZq58hx2Z1Xv8vauZaSrWdKZTx6z175fsbtP5EciXbi9RQOOV_KobghWog580PojtpEVQw/s320/IMGH_05797.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy-p058CQVfqkdxdE6TrOU8dmoqT5U-xOCHg-kTRwOnraNwrpWT32rG8GBFcO2jTVeg_9rY_6-5kXUuYhKDQR4D_M11uP1ZdkuYy6yqDsMlPCIB4mT7xS8K5AiFT5s6NwQ10hYiTIOb5fe/s1600/IMGH_05802.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy-p058CQVfqkdxdE6TrOU8dmoqT5U-xOCHg-kTRwOnraNwrpWT32rG8GBFcO2jTVeg_9rY_6-5kXUuYhKDQR4D_M11uP1ZdkuYy6yqDsMlPCIB4mT7xS8K5AiFT5s6NwQ10hYiTIOb5fe/s320/IMGH_05802.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieXm3U6iUDnK_WS-y4kVM_zOcEn-wUhIFQS6u-FeHxFo_o0PFupj1j0rx1p0urZ_mli6qQuzwstznbio_oqyLchtBtPvCupAVFwHBIGh4QqgdLaw-hUAxhQhxqpYMyez-317iVbWRjVU9i/s1600/IMGH_05803.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieXm3U6iUDnK_WS-y4kVM_zOcEn-wUhIFQS6u-FeHxFo_o0PFupj1j0rx1p0urZ_mli6qQuzwstznbio_oqyLchtBtPvCupAVFwHBIGh4QqgdLaw-hUAxhQhxqpYMyez-317iVbWRjVU9i/s320/IMGH_05803.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb90FfVaxqb6DpCOohN75aPe_2SperasY068c7JTumIPtamMsNGbBwfFy5-OQBl0DRH8Hl3ejGwbgdNiXZO8r22UkdIBi-GVKGiXSES7SWsjOWcm0GIQIMpW3gDhv6Y7JEhouZ-nIoTx4k/s1600/IMGH_05806.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb90FfVaxqb6DpCOohN75aPe_2SperasY068c7JTumIPtamMsNGbBwfFy5-OQBl0DRH8Hl3ejGwbgdNiXZO8r22UkdIBi-GVKGiXSES7SWsjOWcm0GIQIMpW3gDhv6Y7JEhouZ-nIoTx4k/s320/IMGH_05806.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoT2N8TUfaKxq3Dh2t9vg3ec29njlNtwA1GNht2dawkSk94lONg7FA191DuEqdQdayZOeaeHyXfBZKMlaUJfaJEqx4ONqyAIeY79tvGi2GPBhlRNOOkUgF1uB1iFyQWZBpYR0tTxIhQBNL/s1600/IMGH_05804.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoT2N8TUfaKxq3Dh2t9vg3ec29njlNtwA1GNht2dawkSk94lONg7FA191DuEqdQdayZOeaeHyXfBZKMlaUJfaJEqx4ONqyAIeY79tvGi2GPBhlRNOOkUgF1uB1iFyQWZBpYR0tTxIhQBNL/s320/IMGH_05804.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3lUiIuMa3WjEUPjeALu_BOvmAq4jd9yFZe5D_ja2mVZ-cjKLNM4av9rs-gv65yoEKJsxfY_T9DTVGC2nlgXL2IuByOr-ZAuuF0cRVJ8U4Dh98b3iEZCVxpEj9ADJP7wCcTfcflZqjKtVO/s1600/IMGH_05805.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3lUiIuMa3WjEUPjeALu_BOvmAq4jd9yFZe5D_ja2mVZ-cjKLNM4av9rs-gv65yoEKJsxfY_T9DTVGC2nlgXL2IuByOr-ZAuuF0cRVJ8U4Dh98b3iEZCVxpEj9ADJP7wCcTfcflZqjKtVO/s320/IMGH_05805.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
Double door refrigerator Zoppas PD 241 Features Color: White Dimensions
(HxWxD): 140x55x60 cm Total gross capacity: 234 lt (lt 190/44) Energy
efficiency class: A + Climate class: SN-ST (optimum is 10 °/38 ° C)
Cooling system: static Automatic defrost......................<br />
<br />
COMPRESSOR ZEM HQY80AA R600A.<br />
<br />
The ZOPPAS (ELECTROLUX) PD241S was in excellent shape both externally and internally and when I've tested briefly it was cooling.....................but after a period of time the cooling suddenly stopped but compressor was still running...................as too much silent..............................<br />
<br />
Compressor went super silent and the freezer compartment started warming up.<br />
<br />
Further inspection gave the sentence............looking in the fridge wall compartment the bottom has bulged heavyly cause a gas leak.................<br />
<br />
The funny is if I stop for a period of time the comressor it will start cooling again but only like the half part of the freezer compartment as pictured above..................<br />
<br />
I have cut the inner wall side of refrigerator compartment to go at a deep looking at the <u><span style="color: red;">iron </span>evaporator</u> and...................what I've found....................see pictures.<br />
<br />
OH By the way<u> it was </u>a R600A modern Pentane crap toy so.......clear fact...........FREON12 FOREVER.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>THIS IS THE WAY HOW ALL ALMOST MODERN CRAP IS BUILD...................</b></span>PROGRAMMED SELF DESTRUCTION.<br />
<br />
...............happyly scrapped............................very happy............................<br />
<br />
<u><b>Electrolux AB History:</b></u><br />
<br />
Electrolux AB operates as the largest appliance manufacturer in the
world with customers in more than 150 countries. The company
manufactures a variety of household appliances including refrigerators,
washing machines, dishwashers, ovens, vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers, and
chain saws. The firm also manufactures professional foodservice and
laundry equipment used by hotels, restaurants, and laundromats.
Electrolux's brand arsenal includes its namesake, along with Eureka,
AEG, Frigidaire, Kelvinator, Zanussi, Flymo, Weed Eater, and Husqvarna.
In 2001, the firm held the leading market position in North America,
Europe, Latin America, and Australia. Electrolux completed a major
restructuring effort in 1999, which left it positioned with two main
business segments: Consumer Durables and Professional Products. In 2000,
the company purchased the rights to market the Electrolux brand in the
United States--the company had sold the brand along with its U.S.
floor-care business in 1969.<br />
<br />
<b>Key Dates:</b><br />
<br />
1919:<br />
Lux and Elektromekaniska merge to form Aktiebolaget Elektrolux. <br />
1921:<br />
The Lux V vacuum cleaner is introduced. <br />
1925:<br />
The company acquires Arctic, an absorption refrigerator manufacturer. <br />
1956:<br />
Axel Wenner-Gren sells his stake in the firm to Wallenberg, a Swedish finance group. <br />
1957:<br />
The company changes the spelling of its name to Electrolux. <br />
1962:<br />
ElektroHelios, a Scandinavian market leader in compressor refrigerators and freezers, is acquired. <br />
1967:<br />
Hans Werthén is named president. <br />
1974:<br />
Electrolux purchases United States-based Eureka. <br />
1984:<br />
Zanussi, an Italian household appliance manufacturer, is acquired. <br />
1997:<br />
Michael Treschow is named president and CEO; a major restructuring effort is launched. <br />
2000:<br />
The company buys the rights to the Electrolux brand in North America. <br />
2002:<br />
Treschow leaves to head up Ericsson; Hans Straberg is named his successor. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<u><i>Beginnings in Vacuum Cleaners</i></u><br />
<br />
The Electrolux empire originated with the perspicacity and marketing
flair of Axel Wenner-Gren, who spotted the potential of the mobile
vacuum cleaner only a few years after its invention by Englishman H.C.
Booth in 1901. In 1910 the young Wenner-Gren bought a part share in the
European agent of a U.S. company producing one of the early vacuum
cleaners, the clumsy Santo Staubsauger. After a couple of years as a
Santo salesman for the German-based agent, Wenner-Gren sold his share of
the company and returned to Sweden, where the building blocks for the
future Electrolux, Lux and Elektromekaniska AB, were already in place.<br />
<br />
Sven Carlstedt had formed Elektromekaniska in 1910 to manufacture motors
for a vacuum cleaner based on the Santo, which was produced by Swedish
engineer Eberhardt Seger. Since its founding in 1901, Lux had
manufactured kerosene lamps. Now confronted with a shrinking market
owing to the introduction of electric lighting, Lux head, C.G. Lindblom,
proposed to Sven Carlstedt that the two companies form a joint venture
for the production and marketing of a new vacuum cleaner.<br />
<br />
In 1912 Wenner-Gren became the agent for the Lux 1 vacuum cleaner in
Germany, subsequently taking on the United Kingdom and France. Over the
next few years Wenner-Gren's role in the company grew, and the machine
gradually became lighter and more ergonomic. Wenner-Gren foresaw a
potential sales bonanza in Europe after the end of World War I.
Initially unable to persuade his colleagues to step up production
capacity, he overcame their reluctance by guaranteeing a minimum sales
figure through his own sales company, Svenska Elektron (later known as
Finans AB Svetro).<br />
<br />
Lux and Elektromekaniska merged in 1919 as Aktiebolaget Elektrolux (the
spelling was changed to Electrolux in 1957). Wenner-Gren became
president and a major shareholder of the new company. In 1921 the Lux V
was introduced. This new model resembled a modern cylindrical vacuum
cleaner, but it glided along the floor on ski-like runners instead of
wheels. The Lux V was to present serious competition to the upright
Hoover machines in the 1920s.<br />
<br />
The convenience and attractive styling of its product helped to get the
new company off to a promising start, but the salesmanship of
Electrolux's president probably played an even bigger part. Wenner-Gren
was a great believer in the door-to-door sales techniques already
espoused by competitors such as Hoover in the United States. Vacuum
cleaners were demonstrated to potential customers in their own homes,
and buyers were allowed to pay for their machines in installments.
Wenner-Gren knew how to get the best out of his sales force.<br />
<br />
To today's sales managers, sales training, competitions, and slogans
like "Every home an Electrolux home" are familiar methods of boosting
sales, but when Wenner-Gren introduced them they were revolutionary. He
also believed in leading from the front. The story of how he sold a
vacuum cleaner to the Vatican is part of company mythology. Four
competitors demonstrated their machines first, each vacuuming their
allocated area of carpet. When Wenner-Gren's turn came, instead of
vacuuming the fifth area, he went over the first four again. The
resultant bagful of dust persuaded the pope to add his palace to the
growing number of Electrolux homes. Advertising, too, was imaginative.
Not only did Electrolux make extensive use of the press, but in the late
1920s, citizens of Stockholm, Berlin, and London were liable to
encounter bizarre vacuum cleaner-shaped cars in the streets.<br />
<br />
Bizarre or not, the sales methods worked, and the company grew.
Throughout the 1920s, new sales companies sprang up, not only all over
Europe but also in the United States in 1924, Australia in 1925, and
South America. Many of these were financed by Wenner-Gren himself rather
than by Electrolux in Sweden. Vacuum cleaner manufacturing plants also
started to open overseas, first in Berlin in 1926 and a year later in
Luton, England, and Courbevoie, France.<br />
<br />
By 1928 Electrolux had sales of SKr 70 million. It had five
manufacturing plants, 350 worldwide offices, and 20 subsidiaries. In
spite of this geographic expansion, the company was often short of
funds, in part because of the system of payment by installments. It
became clear that further growth would require increased capital, and it
was decided to float the company on the London Stock Exchange and to
issue more shares. Prior to flotation in 1928, Electrolux bought out
many of the related companies owned by Wenner-Gren, though he retained
his minority shareholding in the American Electrolux Corporation until
1949.<br />
<br />
Flotation on the Stockholm stock exchange was postponed until 1930 owing
to the stock market crash. When the shares did appear they were greeted
with some mistrust, as it was thought that the company was overvalued
and that sales would suffer during the anticipated recession. These
doubts, however, were to prove unfounded.<br />
<br />
<u><i>Diversifying into Refrigerators in the Mid-1920s</i></u><br />
<br />
During the 1920s Electrolux introduced a number of new products,
including floor-polishers, a natural progression from vacuum cleaners,
which were brought out in 1927. The main diversification of the 1920s,
however, came through the acquisition in 1925 of Arctic, a company
manufacturing a novel machine, the absorption refrigerator. This type of
refrigerator has no moving parts, though early models required
connection to a source of running water. Power can be provided by
electricity, gas, or kerosene as opposed to the compression method of
refrigeration, which relies on electric power. Early compressors were
noisy and bulky, so the new Electrolux system had several advantages
over its competitors' compression refrigerators.<br />
<br />
A new air-cooled version of Electrolux's absorption refrigerators was
introduced in 1931, and by 1936 more than one million had been sold.
Demand for the machines grew as restrictions were placed on the use of
food preservatives by legislation such as the United Kingdom Food
Preservative Act of 1927. In the United States, Servel Inc. had acquired
a license to manufacture Electrolux's refrigerators.<br />
<br />
Electrolux's original vacuum cleaner factory on Lilla Essingen was
devastated by fire in 1936. When it was rebuilt the following year, the
opportunity was taken to fit it with the latest equipment and to install
a central research laboratory.<br />
<br />
In 1926 Wenner-Gren became chairman of the board, with Ernst Aurell
taking over as president. During the 1930s Wenner-Gren remained chairman
but reduced his involvement in the running of the company, prior to
resigning from his post in 1939. Harry G. Faulkner, a British accountant
who had been instrumental in the company's consolidation prior to the
1928 flotation, succeeded Aurell in 1930 and remained president
throughout the 1930s.<br />
<br />
With intensive marketing and continued investment in research and
development, Electrolux rode out the Great Depression. By 1939 annual
sales stood at SKr 80 million. In 1939 Gustaf Sahlin, former president
of the United States Electrolux Corporation, took over the presidency of
the parent company from Faulkner. Throughout World War II, despite the
loss of some manufacturing plants, Electrolux managed to maintain many
of its usual activities, opening operations in Australia, Venezuela, and
Colombia. At home in Sweden, it acquired companies in the fields of
commercial laundry equipment and outboard motors. Much energy, however,
was diverted into the war effort, including the manufacture of munitions
and of air cleaners for the Swedish forces.<br />
<br />
After the war Electrolux resumed its normal operations, initially under
Elon V. Ekman, who became president in 1951, and from 1963 to 1967 under
his successor Harry Wennberg. The period was not without setbacks,
however. Many subsidiaries that had been opened in Eastern European
countries before the war disappeared from view behind the Iron Curtain.
In addition, despite a British government contract to supply 50,000
built-in absorption refrigerators for prefabricated temporary houses,
the company began to face problems in the refrigerator market.
Compression technology had advanced and was proving more effective for
the larger refrigerators that consumers were now demanding. Although at
first the company concentrated on improving the design of the absorption
refrigerator, Electrolux eventually was obliged to adopt compression
technology.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, diversification continued. During the 1950s Electrolux
started making household washing machines and dishwashers, and
floor-cleaning equipment production was extended to an increasing number
of countries, including Brazil and Norway. When, in 1956, Axel
Wenner-Gren sold his remaining shares in Electrolux to Wallenberg, a
Swedish finance group, annual turnover exceeded SKr 500 million. The
association with Wallenberg has often stood Electrolux in good stead,
helping, for example, to arrange overseas funding and to insulate the
group from any hostile takeover bids.<br />
<br />
In 1962, in an attempt to solve its refrigerator problems, Electrolux
bought the Swedish firm of ElektroHelios. This firm, founded in 1919,
had a major share of the Scandinavian market in compressor refrigerators
and freezers, as well as making stoves. In the year following the
acquisition, Electrolux launched a wide range of food-storage equipment,
putting it in a strong position to benefit from the demands generated
by the flourishing frozen food industry.<br />
<br />
<u><i>Major Acquisitions: Late 1960s-80s</i></u><br />
<br />
Until the 1960s Electrolux had continued to operate along the lines
conceived by Wenner-Gren in the early years. A new phase began in 1967,
when Hans Werthén was recruited from Ericsson, another member of the
Wallenberg group of companies. Werthén remained with Electrolux for more
than 25 years, first as president, and from 1975 to 1991 as chairman,
with Gösta Bystedt and then Anders Scharp succeeding him as president.
Under this regime, a series of momentous acquisitions was to allow
Electrolux to multiply its turnover by a factor of 60 in 20 years.<br />
<br />
When Werthén took over management of the Electrolux group the company
was in the doldrums; it had run into internal and external problems, and
its technology was outmoded. Electrolux, an international company, had
not been effectively integrated with its acquisition ElektroHelios,
which still focused on the Scandinavian market. In many ways the merged
companies had continued to behave as if they were still competitors,
resulting in a net loss of market share in the refrigerator market. Only
the vacuum cleaners were profitable: to use Werthén's own words, "they
represented 125 percent of the profits."<br />
<br />
Approaching the problem from a new perspective, Werthén managed to
resolve the Electrolux-ElektroHelios conflict and get rid of the
organizational overlap. His new head of production, Anders Scharp, set
about updating production technology to challenge the much more advanced
techniques he had seen in U.S. appliance factories. Werthén believed
that Electrolux's problems could not be overcome simply by operational
improvements. The company had a more fundamental problem: size.<br />
<br />
As Werthén saw it, Electrolux was neither small enough to be a niche
player, nor large enough to gain the economies of scale it needed to
compete with such giants as Philips and AEG. Growth was the only way
forward, and in the overcrowded market place for household goods, growth
meant acquisitions.<br />
<br />
The initial focus was on Scandinavia. One small competitor after
another, many of them struggling for survival, was bought up by the
growing company. The Norwegian stove manufacturer Elektra, the Danish
white goods company Atlas, and the Finnish stove maker Slev were among
the first acquisitions of the late 1960s. Soon Electrolux was shopping
for competitors outside Scandinavia. The 1974 acquisition of Eureka, one
of the longest established vacuum cleaner companies in the United
States, gave Electrolux a large slice of a valuable market overnight.<br />
<br />
At around this time there were glimmerings of hope for the reemergence
of the absorption refrigerator. The quiet-running units were ideally
suited to installation in smaller living spaces, such as mobile homes
and hotel rooms. Electrolux managers soon sensed these new
opportunities. After taking over competitors Kreft (of Luxembourg) and
Siegas (of Germany) in 1972, the group became world leader in this
sector.<br />
<br />
In addition to expanding its share of the company's existing markets,
Electrolux soon started to see acquisitions as a way of entering new
areas, particularly those related to existing product lines. Electrolux
acquired the British lawn mower manufacturer Flymo in 1968 because
Werthén saw lawn mowing as an activity allied to floor cleaning. The
provision of cleaning services seemed a logical extension to the
production of cleaning equipment, prompting the purchase of a half share
in the Swedish cleaning company ASAB.<br />
<br />
Buying up the venerable Swedish firm of Husqvarna in 1978 gave
Electrolux not only a new pool of expertise in commercial refrigeration,
but also a flourishing chainsaw-manufacturing concern, which
complemented its interests in outdoor equipment. Taking over a clutch of
other chainsaw manufacturers over the following decade--including the
U.S. firm Poulan/Weed Eater in 1986--enabled Electrolux to claim
leadership of the worldwide chainsaw market. The outdoor products sector
was further strengthened and broadened through the acquisitions of
American Yard Products in 1988 and of Allegretti & Co., a U.S. maker
of battery-driven garden tools, in 1990.<br />
<br />
This program of acquisitions brought some more radical departures from
existing product lines. In 1973 Electrolux bought Facit, a Swedish
office equipment company. The deal also brought to Electrolux the
production of Ballingslöv kitchen and bathroom cabinets. Initial doubts
about whether Electrolux had the know-how to manage a high-tech company
proved unfounded.<br />
<br />
The purchase of Swedish metal producer Gränges was greeted with equal
skepticism, since again the connection between the new and existing
businesses appeared to be rather tenuous. Gränges was seen as a troubled
company, but when Electrolux bought it in 1980, Werthén had already
been chairman of its board for three years and had overseen a marked
upturn in its fortunes. Gränges became part of Electrolux in 1980, and
by the late 1980s Gränges' aluminum products and car seat belts
represented a major aspect of Electrolux's business, although other
parts of Gränges were sold off.<br />
<br />
Under the presidency of Anders Scharp, which began in 1981, Electrolux's
program of acquisitions began to focus on the consolidation and
expansion of existing lines. Takeovers became increasingly ambitious as
Electrolux saw within its reach the chance to become one of the world
leaders in household appliances. Major steps toward this goal were the
acquisitions of Zanussi in Italy, White Consolidated in the United
States (the third largest white goods company in that country), and the
white goods and catering equipment divisions of the United Kingdom's
Thorn EMI, in 1984, 1986, and 1987, respectively.<br />
<br />
Through the years, Electrolux gained a reputation for buying only when
the price was right and for turning around sick companies, even at the
cost of heavy staff cuts and management shake-ups. As the Wall Street
Journal pointed out in 1986 in a piece about the acquisition of White
Consolidated, the group balance sheet looked unhealthy immediately after
some of the larger acquisitions, showing an equity-asset ratio as low
as 21 percent.<br />
<br />
Electrolux bounced back confidently, making divestments as well as
acquisitions. One of Werthén's earliest acts as president had been the
1968 sale of AB Electrolux's minority shareholding in the United States
Electrolux Corporation to Consolidated Foods, which raised SKr 300
million, although the subsequent Eureka purchase had placed the company
in the curious position of competing against its own brand name.
Management continued this policy of judicious divestment following
acquisitions, when it was considered that all or part of the new member
did not fit in with the group's strategy. Facit, for instance, was sold
to Ericsson in 1983, and shortly after the purchase of White
Consolidated, its machine-tool division, White Machine Tools, was sold
off.<br />
<br />
Another method of raising cash was through the sale of assets, although
Electrolux acquisitions were not primarily motivated by a desire to
strip assets. In the case of Husqvarna, the purchase price of SKr 120
million was more than covered within six months by the sale of its land
and other property. A third way of recovering the costs of acquisition
was the use of a troubled company's accumulated losses wherever possible
to reduce the group's tax liability. This was a major incentive in the
acquisition of Gränges.<br />
<br />
Not every company was delighted to hear Electrolux knocking on its door.
Many a takeover was resisted by the target company, although Electrolux
was also sometimes called in to rescue a troubled company (as happened
with Zanussi) or asked to act as a white knight (notably for the U.S.
household appliance company Tappan in 1979).<br />
<br />
<u><i>Geographic Expansion and Restructurings in the 1990s</i></u><br />
<br />
The 1990s brought major changes to Electrolux, spearheaded by a new
management team. Werthén resigned as chairman in early 1991, Scharp
became chairman and CEO, and Leif Johansson was named president of the
firm, taking over as CEO himself in 1994. During Werthén's long reign,
Electrolux had grown tremendously through acquisitions but had failed to
effectively consolidate the acquired operations into existing ones. The
result was an unwieldy array of brands, each of which needing the
support of separate production and marketing operations. Electrolux was
further hurt in the early 1990s by an economic downturn in its core
European and North American operations and by the maturing of the white
goods sectors in those same markets, which intensified competition. All
told, profits for Electrolux from 1990 through 1994 were much lower than
the heights reached during the late 1980s. The new management team
responded by seeking out new markets for its core products, by gradually
divesting its noncore industrial products operations, and by
streamlining its remaining business units.<br />
<br />
Electrolux targeted Eastern Europe, Asia, South America, the Middle
East, and southern Africa in its 1990s push for global growth. The
company had already, in 1989, arranged for Sharp Corporation to
distribute some of Electrolux's products in Japan. Subsequent moves in
Asia included the setting up of joint ventures in China for the
manufacture of compressors, vacuum cleaners, and water purifiers, and
the acquisition of majority stakes in refrigerator and washing machine
factories in India. In January 1996 another Chinese joint venture was
established for the production of refrigerators and freezers for
commercial users. The newly opened markets of Eastern Europe were first
targeted with the 1991 purchase of the Hungarian white goods company
Lehel. A 1995 joint venture with Poland's Myszkow FNE Swiatowit began
making washing machines under the Zanussi brand. In Latin America, where
Whirlpool was dominant, Electrolux acquired 99 percent of Refrigeraçao
Paraná S.A. (Refripar) in 1996. Refripar (soon renamed Electrolux do
Brazil) held the number two position among Brazilian white goods
companies. Also in 1996, Electrolux purchased a 20 percent stake in
Atlas Eléctrica S.A. of Costa Rica, the leading producer of
refrigerators and stoves in Central America. By 1994, about 10 percent
of Electrolux's sales came from outside the European Union and North
America. This figure more than doubled by 1996 to 20.4 percent, with
non-EU Europe accounting for 7 percent, Latin America for 6.4 percent,
Asia for 5.1 percent, Oceania for 1 percent, and Africa for 0.9 percent.<br />
<br />
While undergoing this global expansion, Electrolux also moved gradually
to concentrate solely on three core sectors: household appliances,
commercial appliances, and outdoor products. Profits in the company's
industrial products sector were falling and Scharp and Johansson
determined that these noncore operations should be jettisoned. The
culmination of this process came in 1996 and 1997, with the divestment
of the Constructor group, producers of materials-handling equipment; the
sale of the Swedish electronics operations of Electrolux Electronics,
and a sewing machines unit; and the spinoff of Gränges to the public.
The final divestment came in August 1997 when Electrolux's goods
protection operation, which sold tarpaulins and storage halls, was sold
to MVI, a privately owned investment fund.<br />
<br />
Electrolux greatly reduced its acquisitions activity in the European
Union and North America in the 1990s, although there was one major
addition. In 1992 the company bought a 10 percent stake in AEG
Hausgeräte, the household appliance division of Germany's Daimler-Benz.
This stake was increased to 20 percent in 1993 and the following year
Electrolux purchased the remaining 80 percent for about US$437 million.
The purchase brought the company another strong European brand, which
fit well into a renewed brand strategy for Electrolux. The company
sought to position the Electrolux brand as a global brand and
Electrolux, Zanussi, and AEG as pan-European brands, while continuing to
maintain strong local brands such as Faure in France and Tricity Bendix
in the United Kingdom.<br />
<br />
Along with the new brand strategy, Electrolux began in 1996 to reduce
its fragmented operations and become more efficient. A pan-European
logistics function was set up for white goods and floor-care products.
In late 1996 the company's North American white goods operation,
Frigidaire Company, was combined with the two North American outdoor
products companies, Poulan/Weed Eater and American Yard Products, to
form Frigidaire Home Products. Merging these operations made strategic
sense since the trend in retailing was toward single retailers selling
both indoor and outdoor appliances. Similar consolidations were planned
for Electrolux's operations elsewhere in the world.<br />
<br />
In April 1997 Johansson left Electrolux to become the chief executive at
Volvo AB. Replacing him as Electrolux president and CEO was Michael
Treschow, who had been president and CEO at Atlas Copco AB, a maker of
industrial equipment and, like Electrolux, part of the Wallenberg
dynasty. It was left to Treschow to announce, in June 1997, a major
restructuring plan, which had already been agreed upon before he took
over. Over a two-year period, Electrolux would lay off more than 11,000
of its workers (11 percent of its workforce) and close 23 plants and 50
warehouses (half of its global total), with the reductions coming mainly
in Europe and North America. A charge of SKr 2.5 billion (US$323
million) was incurred as the result of the restructuring in the second
quarter of 1997.<br />
<br />
Under the leadership of Treschow, Electrolux further streamlined its
operations in 1998, divesting its recycling business, its kitchen and
bathroom cabinets interests, and various professional cleaning and
heavy-duty laundry equipment units. The following year, the firm sold
off its food and beverage vending machine businesses and its
professional refrigeration equipment business. That year, Electrolux
nixed a large portion of its direct sales force.<br />
<br />
The company completed its restructuring efforts in 1999 and began to
focus on maintaining its leadership position in the future. Treschow was
confident that the firm's efforts would pay off, claiming in a 1999
Appliance Manufacturer article that the company was "ideally placed to
meet the challenges of the new millennium." To back up that claim, the
company began to develop new products that utilized cutting edge
technology. In 1999, it teamed up with Ericsson to develop and market
products for the "networked home." Managed under the joint venture,
e2Home, these products would be connected via the Web to a variety of
information and service providers. Another product line, the Live-In
Kitchen, connected appliances to mobile phones, which among other
features, allowed the owner to preheat their oven from their cell phone.
As part of its foray into new technology, Electrolux also developed the
Trilobite vacuum cleaner, a robotic product that used sensors to vacuum
a room, and a Smart Fridge, a top-of-the-line refrigerator complete
with built-in computer screen and Internet access.<br />
<br />
<u><i>Focusing on Brand Alignment in the New Millennium</i></u><br />
<br />
By 2000, both sales and net income had increased steadily over the past
three years. Sales had grown from SKr 113 billion to SKr 124.4 billion.
Net income also had recovered, skyrocketing from SKr 352 million
recorded in 1997, to SKr 4.4 billion secured in 2000. During that year,
the company repurchased its rights to the Electrolux brand in North
America, which it had sold in 1969 upon divesting its U.S. floor-care
company. The purchase was part of its plan to align its brand names,
especially in North America.<br />
<br />
The company's operating environment became turbulent in 2001. Weakening
demand and high costs related to upgrades at its refrigerator factories
in North America forced the firm's operating income to fall by nearly 23
percent over the previous year. Despite these challenges, the company
made two key acquisitions, including Email Ltd., Australia's largest
household appliance manufacturer, and Italy-based Marazzini, a lawn
mower manufacturer.<br />
<br />
In April 2002, Hans Straberg took over as president and CEO as Treschow
left the firm to head up Ericsson. Under new leadership, Electrolux
shifted its focus from cost cutting to brand realignment. At the time,
the company managed more than 50 different brands. The Economist
reported in April 2002 that the company realized that "rationalizing the
brands can be dangerous if done too quickly--so the rebranding will be
more evolution than revolution. The Electrolux name will become the
master brand, but the company will keep strong local brands, such as the
Flymo lawnmower in Britain."<br />
<br />
Facing strong competition and uncertain economic times, Straberg most
definitely had his work cut out for him. Although the repositioning of
the Electrolux brand name would no doubt face challenges, the company
appeared to be well on its way to maintaining its leadership position in
the appliance industry in the years to come.<br />
<br />
Principal Subsidiaries: Electrolux Home Products Pty. Ltd. (Australia);
Electrolux Hausgerate GmbH (Austria); Electrolux Home Products Corp.
N.V. (Belgium); Electrolux do Brasil S.A. (99.9%); Electrolux Canada
Corp.; Electrolux Home Appliances Co. Ltd. (China); Electrolux Holding
A/S (Denmark); Oy Electrolux Ab (Finland); Electrolux France S.A.;
Electrolux Deutschland GmbH (Germany); Electrolux Kelvinator Ltd.
(India; 76%); Electrolux Zanussi S.p.A. (Italy); Electrolux de Mexico,
S.A. de C.V.; Electrolux Associated Company B.V. (The Netherlands);
Electrolux Norge AS (Norway); Electrolux Espana S.A. (Spain); Husqvarna
AB; Electrolux Professional AB; Electrolux Holding AG (Switzerland);
Electrolux UK Ltd.; Electrolux Home Products Inc. (U.S.A.); Electrolux
North American Inc. (U.S.A.).<br />
<br />
Principal Competitors: BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH; GE Consumer Products; Whirlpool Corporation. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<u>Further Reading:</u><br />
<br />
"Brand Challenge; Electrolux," Economist (U.S.), April 6, 2002.<br />
Brown-Humes, Christopher, "Electrolux to Plug into Households in Opening Markets," Financial Times, April 27, 1995, p. 25.<br />
Burt, Tim, "Electrolux Set to Pull Out of Industrial Goods," Financial Times, October 30, 1996, p. 28.<br />
Calian, Sara, "Electrolux to Cut Force by 11%, Mainly in North America, Europe," Wall Street Journal, June 13, 1997, p. A15.<br />
Canedy, Dana, "Electrolux to Cut 12,000 Workers and Shut Plants," New York Times, June 13, 1997, p. D2.<br />
"Can 'Mike the Knife' Give Electrolux a Net-Age Edge?," Business Week, September 13, 2000.<br />
"Electrolux Expects to Be No. 1 Appliance Maker," Appliance Manufacturer, February 1994, p. 20.<br />
"Electrolux News," Appliance, December 1999, p. 18.<br />
"Electrolux News," Appliance, May 2002, p. 15.<br />
"Electrolux Plots a New Strategy," Housewares, January 1, 1990, p. 78.<br />
"Electrolux Sweeps into America," Business Week, September 23, 2002.<br />
Electrolux: Two Epochs That Shaped a Worldwide Group, Stockholm: Electrolux, 1989.<br />
Gordon, Bob, Early Electrical Appliances, Princes Risborough, United Kingdom: Shire Publications Ltd., 1984.<br />
Holding, Robert L., "Globalization: The Second Decade," Appliance Manufacturer, May 1999, p. 34.<br />
Jancsurak, Joe, "Big Plans for Europe's Big Three," Appliance Manufacturer, April 1995, pp. 26-30.<br />
Kapstein, Jonathan, and Zachary Schiller, "The Fast-Spinning Machine
That Blew a Gasket," Business Week, September 10, 1990, pp. 50, 52.<br />
Lorenz, Christopher, "The Birth of a 'Transnational,'" Financial Times, June 19, 1989.<br />
McGrath, Neal, "New Broom Sweeps into Asia," Asian Business, March 1996, p. 22.<br />
McIvor, Greg, "Electrolux Comes Under the Scalpel," Financial Times, October 29, 1997, p. 19.<br />
Moss, Nicholas, and Hale Richards, "Mike the Knife Cuts Deep," European, June 19, 1997, p. 17.<br />
Racanelli, Vito, "Autumn Fall for Electrolux," Barron's, July 29, 2002.<br />
"The Real Head of the Household," Director, November 1996, p. 17.<br />
Reed, Stanley, "The Wallenbergs' New Blood," Business Week, October 20, 1997, pp. 98, 102.<br />
Sparke, Penny, Electrical Appliances: Twentieth-Century Design, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987.<br />
"The Stars of Europe--Survivors," Business Week, June 11, 2001.<br />
"Sweden's Electrolux Plans for Expansion into Southeast Asia," Wall Street Journal, January 4, 1995, p. B7.<br />
Tully, Shawn, "Electrolux Wants a Clean Sweep," Fortune, August 18, 1986, p. 60.<br />
Zweig, Jason, "Cleaning Up," Forbes, December 11, 1989, p. 302.<br />
<br />
Source: International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 53. St. James Press, 2003.FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-74050681551069518312012-08-20T12:00:00.000-07:002016-01-10T11:50:13.887-08:00KELVINATOR MOD KT104/2 YEAR 1966.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjipyqsL_2PCjsHkyUsRq5ljvhHP2QaUWf-Bu0VafZGLcDoscL8CmUhtJR6BY_sEgTye1TsYRki6Mbm22hgrFeyzTd3cHXzKKUxshs8xaGali_VVR8fM4vSw6vmrZNZANyBlx4zkRt7XRZE/s1600/IMGH_05855.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjipyqsL_2PCjsHkyUsRq5ljvhHP2QaUWf-Bu0VafZGLcDoscL8CmUhtJR6BY_sEgTye1TsYRki6Mbm22hgrFeyzTd3cHXzKKUxshs8xaGali_VVR8fM4vSw6vmrZNZANyBlx4zkRt7XRZE/s320/IMGH_05855.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgePi3uggcGjjypE-YqOHK8tbawPNN3I91aKWd6dWWFobDKEQmJohlykLi4d0MzjyWRK0ehYFtD1Z2OL4OPOUg2-fBeAkzFPhYplRxAlzMIVJ8GHdeC9HRLOxsM0-WK_0ZxOd5WLFA6tk-L/s1600/IMGH_05856.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgePi3uggcGjjypE-YqOHK8tbawPNN3I91aKWd6dWWFobDKEQmJohlykLi4d0MzjyWRK0ehYFtD1Z2OL4OPOUg2-fBeAkzFPhYplRxAlzMIVJ8GHdeC9HRLOxsM0-WK_0ZxOd5WLFA6tk-L/s320/IMGH_05856.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpjvgXWRW-1PBazApBwD0fdR15syJqdDIyN9u8cQWU-pRctO49rVhblz1h6FMoQH9Wul21VBjmzz5xxPfafU1jSmfwiQTzaTaS8z4Dp_4ENFO9L5saQX41KVTu8zhKo0LxR6IZC_839Uvs/s1600/IMGH_05857.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpjvgXWRW-1PBazApBwD0fdR15syJqdDIyN9u8cQWU-pRctO49rVhblz1h6FMoQH9Wul21VBjmzz5xxPfafU1jSmfwiQTzaTaS8z4Dp_4ENFO9L5saQX41KVTu8zhKo0LxR6IZC_839Uvs/s320/IMGH_05857.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigqU2T8X7Ha_20-PAZvPZ45ErPAqEyiwuUB5NHroZ9_QAZ2TeLbioZ2TFyrcBgJ88VeGIPxqM9SpZMhHKidJVeTmlDViolHgJUzety8voQ0wcO2lEBw6KTFOdp-1UWIMFYtKpSj70JfRdF/s1600/IMGH_05858.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigqU2T8X7Ha_20-PAZvPZ45ErPAqEyiwuUB5NHroZ9_QAZ2TeLbioZ2TFyrcBgJ88VeGIPxqM9SpZMhHKidJVeTmlDViolHgJUzety8voQ0wcO2lEBw6KTFOdp-1UWIMFYtKpSj70JfRdF/s320/IMGH_05858.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyEuT-4sgvba40vpOHfjB2YpKc2zw0A5y5jVVsqmZzGKN4ldqUA4vx5z1HIyp594wNDNClWSu9SFOAg_-9HV-f5IXeYhrgHqm6T1BOV-5qhDHq6oBvsJTEhKtHX3-8PZPNKM2bRiLhicJw/s1600/IMGH_05859.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyEuT-4sgvba40vpOHfjB2YpKc2zw0A5y5jVVsqmZzGKN4ldqUA4vx5z1HIyp594wNDNClWSu9SFOAg_-9HV-f5IXeYhrgHqm6T1BOV-5qhDHq6oBvsJTEhKtHX3-8PZPNKM2bRiLhicJw/s320/IMGH_05859.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKFrSNYybIi_Q_AGl7p_srbSiEpQ8WiDgu9HDHC9fOXmyWQ5HL2TkaXKzY9EI-3pDw1jXeEXzeJzEDtMw4xG1cWEPdJ_eFuSoEwJ-hRpVJd_zGUQqQrMpDM8H-dOU2hC_ir2uItYkqUVWx/s1600/IMGH_05860.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKFrSNYybIi_Q_AGl7p_srbSiEpQ8WiDgu9HDHC9fOXmyWQ5HL2TkaXKzY9EI-3pDw1jXeEXzeJzEDtMw4xG1cWEPdJ_eFuSoEwJ-hRpVJd_zGUQqQrMpDM8H-dOU2hC_ir2uItYkqUVWx/s320/IMGH_05860.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaD6kcLhHm4DJfgLo1pVfP0OLS09l-fSdg6MYbqoG5POWKX9R0xJjlDnYz07aj5WpFJrr7Ve0LBkleexRGmvvWq5jyijmoqeOmFG30rvWmLE0ya95HwO-Uzr7vuDEjjJm6h6wMx6tANF36/s1600/IMGH_05861.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaD6kcLhHm4DJfgLo1pVfP0OLS09l-fSdg6MYbqoG5POWKX9R0xJjlDnYz07aj5WpFJrr7Ve0LBkleexRGmvvWq5jyijmoqeOmFG30rvWmLE0ya95HwO-Uzr7vuDEjjJm6h6wMx6tANF36/s320/IMGH_05861.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsckN9f_Xd7x_IkQ7CIkab4OQsUYL4iehlVo6gzaQvh0_zYuIlhZX3vhA9xAoabAt9ua1cT6V2Jah8pJGZSNFeToAuW6RhjCRP7oD61VIwoek0BiHyo2GoSr0piyCEziVVitbjFGWAx0am/s1600/IMGH_05862.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsckN9f_Xd7x_IkQ7CIkab4OQsUYL4iehlVo6gzaQvh0_zYuIlhZX3vhA9xAoabAt9ua1cT6V2Jah8pJGZSNFeToAuW6RhjCRP7oD61VIwoek0BiHyo2GoSr0piyCEziVVitbjFGWAx0am/s320/IMGH_05862.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir3sGWNPVuW3xIucoyupwOeCgafgCXlH1zxrTTKnR0uXJAzQG2RjaRHMByyVkyj7Ny16dxV_2zlJNnnkxK0hGL0hxdAHHLt6ksXdD_qCRzagof7StcYYinjbZ72ry5yNMXFHyVher5iIte/s1600/IMGH_05863.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir3sGWNPVuW3xIucoyupwOeCgafgCXlH1zxrTTKnR0uXJAzQG2RjaRHMByyVkyj7Ny16dxV_2zlJNnnkxK0hGL0hxdAHHLt6ksXdD_qCRzagof7StcYYinjbZ72ry5yNMXFHyVher5iIte/s320/IMGH_05863.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
The KELVINATOR MOD KT104/2 refrigerateur menager classe n has 230dm3 capacity. All parts are original, compressor is a NECCHI M7J with a 165W power displacement, but this fridge has a broken perimetral antidew line, therefore no cooling (R12 is gone) a must have to be restored (when I have time) Is a great refrigerator even by design that is why it should be preserved.<br />
<br />
The KELVINATOR MOD KT104/2 is made by KELLY ITALIANA which was at the time the KELVINATOR Italian division which was extint in 1972 by aquisition of Italian Candy group............................<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Kelvinator</b> is an appliance brand. It takes its name from William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, who developed the concept of absolute zero and for whom the Kelvin temperature scale is named. The name was thought appropriate for a company that manufactured ice-boxes and domestic refrigerators.<br />
<br />
Kelvinator was founded in 1914, in Detroit, Michigan, United States by engineer Nathaniel B. Wales who introduced his idea for a practical electric refrigeration unit for the home to Edmund Copeland and Arnold Goss.<br />
<br />
Wales, a young inventor, secured financial backing from Arnold Goss, then secretary of the Buick Automobile company, to develop the first household mechanical refrigerators to be marketed under the name "Electro-Automatic Refrigerating Company." After producing a number of experimental models, Wales selected one for manufacturing.<br />
<br />
In February 1916, the name of the company was changed to "Kelvinator Company" in honor of British physicist, Lord Kelvin, the discoverer of absolute zero. Kelvinator was among some two dozen home refrigerators introduced to the U.S. market in 1916. In 1918 Kelvinator introduced the first refrigerator with any type of automatic control.<br />
<br />
Frustrated by iceboxes, the Grand Rapids Refrigerator Company introduced a porcelain lined "Leonard Cleanable" ice cabinet.[4] Kelvinator began buying Leonard's boxes for its electric refrigerated models. By 1923, the Kelvinator Company held 80 percent of the market for electric refrigerators.<br />
<br />
On July 3, 1925, Kelvinator bought Nizer Corporation in a tri-party merger valued at $20,000,000.<br />
<br />
In 1926, the company acquired Leonard, which had been founded in 1881. Kelvinator concentrated its entire appliance production at the Grand Rapids factory in 1928.[4] That year, George W. Mason assumed control of Kelvinator. Under his leadership the company lowered its costs while increasing market share through 1936.<br />
<br />
In 1926, Kelvinator Limited, England, was started in London. From simple merchandising of the products of the American factories it grew until it was producing much of its own equipment for the British market. In 1946, it was considered that the time was ripe for this unit to expand and be self-contained in its manufacture of Kelvinator Equipment, and the London manufacturing activities were moved to Crewe and greatly expanded with a further 19,000 square metres (200,000 sq ft) of floor space. The Crewe factory was shared with Rolls-Royce Motors, but burned down in the 1950s and was replaced by a brand new facility in Bromborough, Cheshire.<br />
<br />
Italian manufacturer Candy bought the operation in 1979 together with the use of the Kelvinator brand name in the UK and produced both Candy and Kelvinator products until it closed around 2000.<br />
<br />
In 2005, Carrier sold the Kelvinator division to National Refrigeration of Honea Path, South Carolina. The company manufactured Kelvinator bunkers, dipping cabinets, blast chillers, reach-ins, and low- and medium-temperature merchandisers.<br />
<br />
The Kelvinator brand exists in Argentina for a wide variety of appliances marketed by Radio Victoria Fueguina in Tierra del Fuego. The factory is in this province.<br />
<br />
Likewise, the Kelvinator brand of refrigerators has continuously been marketed in the Philippines since 1960s by Concepcion Industries, a local maker of air conditioning equipment and refrigerators, including other notable brands: Carrier and Condura.<br />
<br />
The founders of Kelvinator were among the very first to introduce electric refrigeration to the United States. In 1914, engineer Nathaniel Wales introduced his idea for a practical electric refrigeration unit for the home to Edmund Copeland and Arnold Goss. With their help, Wales built and distributed his refrigerating mechanism with great success. Two years later, they changed their company name to Kelvinator in honor of the brilliant British physicist, Lord Kelvin.<br />
<br />
Since that time, Kelvinator has been credited with introducing many ”firsts” and has experienced numerous changes as well..<br />
<br />
1925: Kelvinator introduces the industry’s first self-contained refrigeration unit with cooling system, compressor and condenser in one cabinet.<br />
<br />
1926: Kelvinator establishes international branches in the United Kingdom and Canada.<br />
<br />
1931: The international branches of the Kelvinator Company are so successful that during this year more products are sold in the international branches than in the United States.<br />
<br />
1934: Kelvinator introduced the world’s first two-door household refrigerator.<br />
<br />
1936: Room air conditioners are added to the line.<br />
<br />
1937: Kelvinator is purchased by the Nash Company, an automotive manufacturer.<br />
<br />
1939: Kelvinator introduced the first across-the-top freezer on a refrigerator.<br />
<br />
1947: Kelvinator introduced the first two-door refrigerator with two separate cold zones.<br />
<br />
1952: Nash merges with Studebaker to form the American Motors Corporation(AMC). Kelvinator remains a part of AMC.<br />
<br />
1954: Electric range with disposable oven liner introduced.<br />
<br />
1955: Kelvinator introduced the first side-by-side refrigerator, called the Foodarama.<br />
<br />
1960: Kelvinator introduced the first all foamed-in-place refrigerator.<br />
<br />
1965: Kelvinator introduced the first uniquely designed refrigerators for the kitchen and recreation room, called the “Kelvinator Originals”.<br />
<br />
1966: Illuminated visual ice cream cabinet introduced.<br />
<br />
1968: Self-cleaning electric range introduced, with automatic lock on oven door.<br />
<br />
The Kelvinator Company is sold by AMC to White Consolidated Industries(WCI).<br />
<br />
1970: Electric range with automatic basting introduced.<br />
<br />
1986: WCI is purchased by A.B. Electrolux of Sweden.<br />
<br />
1987: Kelvinator International relocates to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.<br />
<br />
1996: All U.S. Manufacturing facilities are ISO 9000-certified.<br />
<br />
1999: Kelvinator’s freezer factory still produces 70 percent of freezers manufactured in<br />
the U.S.<br />
<br />
2001: Kelvinator introduced Home Smart Refrigerators, a totally re-designed and engineered line of refrigerators.<br />
<br />
2004: Kelvinator introduced a line of 60cm deep Built-in Refrigerators. Also, the BIG FAMILY Pair was introduced. An All Refrigerator and Up-right Freezer paired together for 946 liters of storage capacity.<br />
<br />
2005: All U.S. Manufacturing facilities are ISO 14001-certified.<br />
2006: Kelvinator introduced a 390 liter Frost Free Chest Freezer. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsckN9f_Xd7x_IkQ7CIkab4OQsUYL4iehlVo6gzaQvh0_zYuIlhZX3vhA9xAoabAt9ua1cT6V2Jah8pJGZSNFeToAuW6RhjCRP7oD61VIwoek0BiHyo2GoSr0piyCEziVVitbjFGWAx0am/s1600/IMGH_05862.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsckN9f_Xd7x_IkQ7CIkab4OQsUYL4iehlVo6gzaQvh0_zYuIlhZX3vhA9xAoabAt9ua1cT6V2Jah8pJGZSNFeToAuW6RhjCRP7oD61VIwoek0BiHyo2GoSr0piyCEziVVitbjFGWAx0am/s320/IMGH_05862.jpg" width="240" /></a><b>HISTORY OF NECCHI.</b> - Necchi was formed by a Family of Lombard entrepreneurs, whose business was developed by Ambrose, born in Pavia January 2, 1860 by Joseph and Teresa Besozzi.<br />
<br />
The father, since the first half of the nineteenth century, had started a craft and commercial production and sale of iron, branches and the like. In 1865 the company was established at the home of the family, located in so-called saints Bodies of Pavia, near the Castello Sforzesco. After a slow development in the beginning of the eighties it was possible a first extension of the business and the building, which, over the decades, he added, a mechanical workshop with adjoining foundry for iron castings. In 1892 the plant employed 85 workers and was renowned for the production of iron bridges, sheds, machinery and agricultural implements, which were then market in the agricultural district of Pavia. Three years later there was a further enlargement: the Necchi bought a building, opposite to that in which it was held until then the activity, and in 1896 put in place an extension of the first factory, to build a new foundry.<br />
<br />
Ambrose, who at that time was beginning to support his father, he designed a few years later a further increase in the scale of activities and, to this end, he began by seeking an area on which to build a new plant.<br />
<br />
After negotiations with the Municipality of Pavia, through which he obtained a reduction in the duty on coke, he chose to build the new building along the road leading to Abbiategrasso. In 1904, the far western suburbs of the city, near the train station was built an industrial complex that in a few years would gradually engulfed the buildings of two other local companies: the Gaslini-Rizzo and the rice mill Traverso-Noah.<br />
<br />
The new plant, called the "Junction" because of its direct connection with the railway network, was equipped with two melting furnaces that powered the production of radiators for radiators; three years later, in late 1907 and early 1908, Ambrose - now firmly at the helm of the family - bought a new plot of land by the municipality, willing to give areas of public property for industrial purposes. So it was that at the beginning of 1908, what had now become the Company limited foundries Ambrogio Necchi could expand its manufacturing capacity by expanding and adapting the existing plant and the former Foundry Torti ing. G. Callegari production of enameled bathtubs and cookers.<br />
<br />
In the same years, which proves the importance of the family in society bunting, closed the plant started in mid-nineteenth century, was built in its place a Liberty-style villa, which became from that moment the family residence. The closure of the old factory did not mean a reduction in activity. As evidenced by the limited data on the number of employees in all establishments Necchi, if at the end of the nineteenth century the attendants were just under 300 at the beginning of the second decade of the twentieth century exceeded the thousand. Between 1908 and 1911 in two new plants, albeit with slight seasonal variations, he worked a number of workers between 900 and 1150.<br />
<br />
For the purposes of the subsequent development company dirimenti were two choices made by Ambrose: the decision to diversify its activities, which allowed the company to deal with multi-level competition from other foundries operating in the domestic market, and the option in favor of the production malleable iron, made in the first factory opened outside of the Body saints, a product that for many years have been the strength of the foundry Necchi.<br />
<br />
This was a particular type of cast iron, characterized in that the alloy of iron and carbon from which it is costituta, decomposing after solidification, it is particularly elastic and ductile, and therefore particularly suitable for use in many mechanical production, which does not for the case soon became the company's customers bunting.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsckN9f_Xd7x_IkQ7CIkab4OQsUYL4iehlVo6gzaQvh0_zYuIlhZX3vhA9xAoabAt9ua1cT6V2Jah8pJGZSNFeToAuW6RhjCRP7oD61VIwoek0BiHyo2GoSr0piyCEziVVitbjFGWAx0am/s1600/IMGH_05862.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsckN9f_Xd7x_IkQ7CIkab4OQsUYL4iehlVo6gzaQvh0_zYuIlhZX3vhA9xAoabAt9ua1cT6V2Jah8pJGZSNFeToAuW6RhjCRP7oD61VIwoek0BiHyo2GoSr0piyCEziVVitbjFGWAx0am/s320/IMGH_05862.jpg" width="240" /></a><br />
That the strategy adopted by Ambrose - which on 1 December 1912 he was conferred the honor of Knight of the work - was winning was confirmed, a few years before the outbreak of the Great War, the last expansion. At the beginning of the second decade the Municipality of Pavia had in fact treated with the military authorities the acquisition of the parade ground, a large area located on the northern outskirts of the city, to direct it to industrial uses. After purchasing the area the municipality itself had opened a second round of negotiations to transfer the land plots to companies that had requested and among them an important role was certainly the foundry Necchi, who in 1913 - at the end of the negotiations - managed to secure more than a third of the 120,000 m2 that constituted the area. In the summer of 1915 he joined the company in their possession and started the construction of a new plant, completed two years later and went into production during 1919.<br />
<br />
The war did mark a setback in expanding business, because of the difficulties arising from the conflict itself and the subsequent economic depression that swept across the province of Pavia, but also for the events that affected the family. In one of the most difficult periods, while part of the production was converted to support the war effort, in accordance with the provisions of R. decree June 26, 1915 n. 993 - that granted to the government, through the institution of industrial mobilization, may impose directives to private industry for waste facilities and productions and sottoporne to military jurisdiction staff - Ambrose died suddenly in Pavia April 19, 1916, to only 56 years, leaving the company in the hands of his wife and children Vittorio Emilia Carcano, and Luigia Nedda.<br />
<br />
This set the stage for a decisive reorganization of productive activities, of which he was the protagonist's son Victor, born in Pavia November 21, 1898. After attending the local high school, he enrolled in law school but the untimely death of his father and the call to arms not allowed him to complete his studies (however, received an honorary doctorate in physics from the University of Pavia in 1955). As long as he was assigned to the IX artillery regiment stationed in Pavia, ran in the family business first, then when the regiment was called to the front of the entrusted to a man of his confidence. After his discharge he decided to groped a new production, taking advantage of the wide availability of iron coming from the foundry, and devote themselves to sewing machines use family. In 1919 he founded the then Industrie Riunite Italian with 50 employees, who arrived in 1920 to produce about 2000 sewing machines a year in a new facility specifically dedicated to this production.<br />
<br />
After a few years of activity precarious, in a market dominated by the competition of the American Singer and German manufacturers, the company moved toward stability, thanks to the network of national stores created by Vittorio in those years. In 1925 - after having sold the sisters Nedda and Luigia and the latter's husband, Angelo Campiglio, who became president, iron foundries and common enamelling, who went on to form the Fonderie A. and A. Necchi Campiglio - moved production of malleable cast iron and sewing machines to the new headquarters of the Yard. In the same year Industrie Riunite Italian were transformed into Company limited Vittorio Necchi, which Vittorio assumed the presidency.<br />
<br />
The production, which stood on the 6120 cars a year, continued to grow, thanks to the new technical director Emilio Cerri - an engineer from the Fiat reorganized on the basis of modern functional criteria the productive sector - and in 1930 the number of machines manufactured went up to 19,669, more than 2,000 of which are exported. In 1930 he joined the company, as CEO, Gino Gastaldi, who had married a sister Lina Ferrari, a few years became the first wife of Necchi.<br />
<br />
Gastaldi had to face the difficult business situation caused by the high operating costs due to a policy based solely on direct sales outlets; therefore decided to reorganize the entire network based on concessions provincial and local. The second half of the thirties, despite the restructuring of the sales network and reports all in all good that<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsckN9f_Xd7x_IkQ7CIkab4OQsUYL4iehlVo6gzaQvh0_zYuIlhZX3vhA9xAoabAt9ua1cT6V2Jah8pJGZSNFeToAuW6RhjCRP7oD61VIwoek0BiHyo2GoSr0piyCEziVVitbjFGWAx0am/s1600/IMGH_05862.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsckN9f_Xd7x_IkQ7CIkab4OQsUYL4iehlVo6gzaQvh0_zYuIlhZX3vhA9xAoabAt9ua1cT6V2Jah8pJGZSNFeToAuW6RhjCRP7oD61VIwoek0BiHyo2GoSr0piyCEziVVitbjFGWAx0am/s320/IMGH_05862.jpg" width="240" /></a> Vittorio settled with the fascist regime - witnessed by conferring the title of Knight of the work October 27, 1935 and, above all, by the frequent visits of politicians at the hunting family in Gambolò, the so-called "Portalupa ', and at the premises of the company (in 1938 the same Mussolini arrived in Pavia with his wife Rachel) - nevertheless marked a halt in the expansion of the company . The effects of the difficult international situation is translated into a decline in output, also determined by the increased foreign competition, particularly the Singer who had opened its own factory in 1934 in Monza.<br />
<br />
After 8 September 1943, the company management, in the face of difficulties of the market and to avoid requisitions, began to hide - in Pavia and in the district - a growing number of sewing machines (over 20,000), which formed after the war a valuable economic resource. At the time, on the other hand, the Necchi now boasted a leading position in the domestic market: it was the highest number of employees, about 1200, and quantity of parts produced. About 40% of the 120,000 sewing machines manufactured in Italy in 1947 came from its plants.<br />
<br />
The company, with its four divisions - the foundry, industrial sewing machines, sewing machines and household Cabinetmaking (that produced the furniture on which were then mounted machines) - is already characterized by a discrete degree of integration of the productions. In leading sectors, the foundry and the machines use family, had also reached a good level of quality. The foundry had established itself on the national market for the production of malleable iron; in the field of household sewing machines technical director Cerri had achieved good degree of standardization and organized production according to the technical needs of the product. He also designed and patented over the years Thirty a sewing machine family which, using a transmission system adopted previously only on industrial machines, allowed to sew with a needle that was moved in a zig-zag, useful for attaching buttons, do buttonholes, darning and embroidery; the product was the basis of the international success of the Necchi during the fifties.<br />
<br />
Affirmation company also concurred Leon Jolson, the son of an agent Necchi Warsaw's Jewish origins who, to escape Nazi persecution, at the end of the thirties had taken refuge in the United States. At the end of the conflict Jolson filming the activities of representation in New York, contributing its extensive network of agents to the spread of the machines Necchi on the American market. The production in 1948 surpassed the 75,000 sewing machines; of these, thanks in part to the difficulties of German companies in recovering pre-war production levels, approximately 67.24% taken into export: to Argentina (35.50%), the United States (13.33% ), Belgium (5.67%), Brazil (3.62%), Uruguay (2.92%), Denmark (1.16%) and a dozen other countries with lower percentages to ' units.<br />
<br />
In 1948, following the disappearance of Cerri, was hired Gino Martinoli, who for more than a decade he served as technical director at Olivetti, only to be taken in the mechanical IRI. The first decision of the new manager, in agreement with the owners and the general direction, was to increase the workforce: the arrival of 800 new units, easily found in the district of Pavia, brought the Necchi in the spring of 1949 to occupy 2034 employees between manufacturing and services. Subsequently, since the release of new staff and unprepared had resulted in a drop in productivity, was started the reorganization of the entire manufacturing process.<br />
<br />
Abandoned gradually the multi-storey building in which were placed the productions, we moved to a new section of the plant, the shed F, where they proceeded to reorganize the production flow: from the entrance of raw materials and semi-finished to final assembly, for which was adopted for the first time the assembly. The reorganization involved the purchase of new machinery (thanks to a huge financing plan and economic aid obtained under the Marshall Plan), the rethinking of the corporate structure and its coordination function, new design procedures of sewing machines. The collaboration with Marcello Nizzoli, known by Martinoli in Ivrea some years before, allowed the Necchi to win the Compasso d'oro for design in 1954 with the series BU - Coil Universal Supernova and then in 1957 with the series Mirella.<br />
<br />
In the mid-fifties, at the end of the reorganization process, compared to an increase of the workforce (4,500 units), the number of hours required to produce a sewing machine was reduced by over a third, ensuring the dominance Necchi on the domestic market, which held approximately 90% along with the company Singer and Vigorelli, and on that of exports, where the share was 74% of total exports.<br />
<br />
These were the years of maximum splendor of the house bunting but, at the end of the decade, began some signs of decline: in fact, the statistics showed quite clearly the impending saturation of the Italian market, while on the international growing competition from new foreign producers, first among all Japanese. Vittorio strongly <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsckN9f_Xd7x_IkQ7CIkab4OQsUYL4iehlVo6gzaQvh0_zYuIlhZX3vhA9xAoabAt9ua1cT6V2Jah8pJGZSNFeToAuW6RhjCRP7oD61VIwoek0BiHyo2GoSr0piyCEziVVitbjFGWAx0am/s1600/IMGH_05862.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsckN9f_Xd7x_IkQ7CIkab4OQsUYL4iehlVo6gzaQvh0_zYuIlhZX3vhA9xAoabAt9ua1cT6V2Jah8pJGZSNFeToAuW6RhjCRP7oD61VIwoek0BiHyo2GoSr0piyCEziVVitbjFGWAx0am/s320/IMGH_05862.jpg" width="240" /></a>opposed to any product diversification, at least not until this became indispensable. In 1959 he signed an agreement with Kelvinator to produce licensed compressors for refrigerators. It was a compromise that allowed the company to open up another market, for which possessed the technical skills required, without sacrificing the production of sewing machines. He was created a department compressors and intensified the process of mechanization, with increased levels of automation, which guaranteed to the compressor Necchi a decent reputation among manufacturers of refrigerators.<br />
<br />
It was, however, the corporate strategy of long period to present major problems: the compressor was in fact the most technologically advanced part of the refrigerator, the component which determined the main share of the production costs; opt for a work by 'contractors' meant giving the edge that only the production of the entire refrigerator would guarantee. This choice, along with the shrinking market of sewing machines and the decision to establish some 'connected', thus reintroducing direct sales, increased debt levels of the company, that the same Vittorio tried to mitigate, by bringing into play their personal assets.<br />
<br />
In 1974, after the death of Joseph Manidi (CEO who replaced Gastaldi mid sixties), in an attempt to revive the fortunes of the company was contacted Giuseppe Luraghi, managers with long experience in the mechanical sector private and public.<br />
<br />
Vittorio Necchi died in Milan on 17 November 1975 after a long illness.<br />
<br />
With him, who had not had children, ended the industrial dynasty. The lack of interest in the fortunes of the company shown by the sisters was in fact a little later at the origin of the sale thereof.<br />
<br />
NECCHI Industry today's is DEAD !<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Electrolux company built and marketed Kelvinator Commercial refrigeration products that included "stainless steel door refrigerators and upright freezers, high performance chest freezers, and glass top ice cream display freezers" designed to NSF and ANSI standards for food service applications.<br />
<br />
<br />FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-65489053748623974672012-08-19T18:30:00.000-07:002013-12-25T11:42:04.400-08:00REX (ELECTROLUX) IR023S YEAR 1990.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-e_IsbX8VaMlesO6tzLJ5pS-y-T0o5quyBpW59ZS53y5zftyZOq3nqB04cuHr-ZNegOoAlErNuNpWauwHfkMAvNjCTdEofm5AfsmfkOGhVa0J3Vwit6oX1PccmmZK1qfg9yhuasREjMcS/s1600/IMGH_05835.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-e_IsbX8VaMlesO6tzLJ5pS-y-T0o5quyBpW59ZS53y5zftyZOq3nqB04cuHr-ZNegOoAlErNuNpWauwHfkMAvNjCTdEofm5AfsmfkOGhVa0J3Vwit6oX1PccmmZK1qfg9yhuasREjMcS/s320/IMGH_05835.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s1600/IMGH_05836.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s320/IMGH_05836.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSdjKioMJUjW4t5NCuYRrhMd_7ufEZ2K7z-ifztE5u9rhMSyxJDhkJoMLNRxD2PPDiJhBnjU5RPzpD2J8pX7PqZw1bNPWEa05ms3EljEHLKK0SHb0wJMhuaAc2_CABumN7f9UEWMgGXjPz/s1600/IR023S-MAIN.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSdjKioMJUjW4t5NCuYRrhMd_7ufEZ2K7z-ifztE5u9rhMSyxJDhkJoMLNRxD2PPDiJhBnjU5RPzpD2J8pX7PqZw1bNPWEa05ms3EljEHLKK0SHb0wJMhuaAc2_CABumN7f9UEWMgGXjPz/s1600/IR023S-MAIN.jpg" height="320" width="188" /></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYioCquK1i4ZamM2ade23rSUXsuOycbTiuSJBa5MtujXWauCeG-0d-206TiK15-0YyQ97lIHfLEMFa1jFiXvePYrK0eYgs6azXDNb9F7pSL4eIJcV_Vc3Vx_rC16NE1KxWiEL19NQSARU/s1600/IMGH_05837.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYioCquK1i4ZamM2ade23rSUXsuOycbTiuSJBa5MtujXWauCeG-0d-206TiK15-0YyQ97lIHfLEMFa1jFiXvePYrK0eYgs6azXDNb9F7pSL4eIJcV_Vc3Vx_rC16NE1KxWiEL19NQSARU/s320/IMGH_05837.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ7cb6cJYdHP-ALhyphenhyphenEvOqEEmVBx1HG08UkBS_jb2vJLOl5_DXT7BIXkszf262CLzyJ8h97yv2ZigvDw1MfATxHkTHPswDeGI0zCUJCcMywJl_ALqoGeLLJcGVIodsn5L7J4bvwAFpiAqgs/s1600/IMGH_05838.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ7cb6cJYdHP-ALhyphenhyphenEvOqEEmVBx1HG08UkBS_jb2vJLOl5_DXT7BIXkszf262CLzyJ8h97yv2ZigvDw1MfATxHkTHPswDeGI0zCUJCcMywJl_ALqoGeLLJcGVIodsn5L7J4bvwAFpiAqgs/s320/IMGH_05838.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s320/IMGH_06008.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSPZVPNPZ4Ql4ZtKSgvySng5R-FuHxCMqBr9XBJpfbXat9BsHORCQkiEBP4kTFQDwqcGaqz3Z9oeUZoLa289A6PVLjoONCQwzCat4-Fr9Nx4imrKf5hayaOW_QcHj-cudr3ZNZeeS1V-dL/s1600/IR023S-DIFFUSOR.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSPZVPNPZ4Ql4ZtKSgvySng5R-FuHxCMqBr9XBJpfbXat9BsHORCQkiEBP4kTFQDwqcGaqz3Z9oeUZoLa289A6PVLjoONCQwzCat4-Fr9Nx4imrKf5hayaOW_QcHj-cudr3ZNZeeS1V-dL/s1600/IR023S-DIFFUSOR.jpg" height="245" width="320" /></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU5XxR2HfJ1rtakfNUZl-4YRFMyftjRwCmVyHe7oB-Oj_PC2I4hHaGZm_c1VYABQMS8HGFtzlHkXP6edtNnDkq0JtxEVUbrZhCKQfXi4v83eAJPVEmVRTBXHaooiy2zYFz0i_kIKxYthLk/s1600/IMGH_05839.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU5XxR2HfJ1rtakfNUZl-4YRFMyftjRwCmVyHe7oB-Oj_PC2I4hHaGZm_c1VYABQMS8HGFtzlHkXP6edtNnDkq0JtxEVUbrZhCKQfXi4v83eAJPVEmVRTBXHaooiy2zYFz0i_kIKxYthLk/s320/IMGH_05839.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJa_BA_KzW9ngGOmij29WiLq1MZlJQ-_AMjdC9wcPlge7Tm8Rck52_o0C4GHeDH61TYckS8YJD236DoZrBtXLIICQyYbfzVWPoTKqV2AoL3bM3g1KATHeVWpTZoRAS8GoEkEGobk-uk3Ld/s1600/IR023S-DOOR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJa_BA_KzW9ngGOmij29WiLq1MZlJQ-_AMjdC9wcPlge7Tm8Rck52_o0C4GHeDH61TYckS8YJD236DoZrBtXLIICQyYbfzVWPoTKqV2AoL3bM3g1KATHeVWpTZoRAS8GoEkEGobk-uk3Ld/s1600/IR023S-DOOR.jpg" height="320" width="266" /></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXEVmsvklutulR8q8tivkw8jpTH245lFZKHoAB5X7myScdHiUIjRmqvaGHzltB-a9-SS1n7_TxPoYbCBZu4kOyDutkums20BceSgJfDSFd2rMyVLMi6ZMrlUn7vXVafIbCBLnMIQ3bqRBn/s1600/IMGH_05840.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXEVmsvklutulR8q8tivkw8jpTH245lFZKHoAB5X7myScdHiUIjRmqvaGHzltB-a9-SS1n7_TxPoYbCBZu4kOyDutkums20BceSgJfDSFd2rMyVLMi6ZMrlUn7vXVafIbCBLnMIQ3bqRBn/s320/IMGH_05840.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsib8kfxhsO2tSVvaEXIYPcj4ZZQYUqo2KGmzraSCN5YU0X1JBFUpQihlYFeN06cKyOVDpf9YcxZmOvbZlFtg1oFPe_EGWjRTF7cVfsrrJQVvfrVuboLp27gyIW_xI6hX5hulS6NFXGDb3/s1600/IMGH_05841.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsib8kfxhsO2tSVvaEXIYPcj4ZZQYUqo2KGmzraSCN5YU0X1JBFUpQihlYFeN06cKyOVDpf9YcxZmOvbZlFtg1oFPe_EGWjRTF7cVfsrrJQVvfrVuboLp27gyIW_xI6hX5hulS6NFXGDb3/s320/IMGH_05841.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRcTGTS7YW7dqJSDK0W7NJ4Izyy7Am8UbEku7qgcFYs4Hf0YoeMWwcUK5EIEyQ8W052Uj5YQkOuvvGHF3Sqzmhfl6Jf4U-jcMJfs9lol4Qy50OgWSHfIgre_zEQspA1NjfAr8fV-4qz_z2/s1600/IR023S-PLANT.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRcTGTS7YW7dqJSDK0W7NJ4Izyy7Am8UbEku7qgcFYs4Hf0YoeMWwcUK5EIEyQ8W052Uj5YQkOuvvGHF3Sqzmhfl6Jf4U-jcMJfs9lol4Qy50OgWSHfIgre_zEQspA1NjfAr8fV-4qz_z2/s1600/IR023S-PLANT.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI1pvmvTdczik7LHYDr1PxXqF4Shv1nSXbZl2FNz5b-QObmhAeCe0OCGlf43N0pHW9LPMUSLrkqtgsNc2FPFz8LtLZVdbkLkX_yl1d10ViSqT4HdOPofBuOIRlSBhS-P5vY8DuC_0Ct1E/s1600/IMGH_05842.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI1pvmvTdczik7LHYDr1PxXqF4Shv1nSXbZl2FNz5b-QObmhAeCe0OCGlf43N0pHW9LPMUSLrkqtgsNc2FPFz8LtLZVdbkLkX_yl1d10ViSqT4HdOPofBuOIRlSBhS-P5vY8DuC_0Ct1E/s320/IMGH_05842.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlOuYY95XQNSoUDV3wMgSFJUscBUQrDDZH8N3RxLPp59T6DkwQ0yqbCR_G14NCRY7c_bJMemHwKSQWo8LY72UWMeJQpwuqD0sc9WZXMNDiWotEjVQc3M4q0z2aN8JQQhAhzEXu1XBUteYX/s1600/IMGH_05843.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlOuYY95XQNSoUDV3wMgSFJUscBUQrDDZH8N3RxLPp59T6DkwQ0yqbCR_G14NCRY7c_bJMemHwKSQWo8LY72UWMeJQpwuqD0sc9WZXMNDiWotEjVQc3M4q0z2aN8JQQhAhzEXu1XBUteYX/s320/IMGH_05843.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHaLzqCadwieOKwS4PklCEZn07hrUvGDvh0vWjLXpUmBHozTWOHnBKHWIhFkalFrd0fIWuOzSXu7L2D_e2Vj6noPTAWmhbZZbztWxU_-ywR4rR8vV-DvW11vVXe7mShBQYgQfN0KItzAjT/s1600/IMGH_05844.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHaLzqCadwieOKwS4PklCEZn07hrUvGDvh0vWjLXpUmBHozTWOHnBKHWIhFkalFrd0fIWuOzSXu7L2D_e2Vj6noPTAWmhbZZbztWxU_-ywR4rR8vV-DvW11vVXe7mShBQYgQfN0KItzAjT/s320/IMGH_05844.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
This REX (ELECTROLUX) IR023S was superficially scrapped by the owner only for a defective Compressor starting relay, an easy & cheap FIX. (that idiot surently bought a modern cellular look refrigerator toy claimed as AAAAAAAAAAA+++++++++++ shithole wich won't last more than 3 / 5 years !)<br />
<br />
Obviously it was dirty and dusty, so I've cleaned and restored to fully functional working order.<br />
<br />
The REX (ELECTROLUX) IR023S Refrigerator is really a beast it comes Up to evaporation In the Freezer compartment in 12 sec after compressor start even waiting a 24Hr of a complete stop and the Freezer compartment it's cooled in a time inferior as 18 mins.<br />
<br />
This is first REX IR023S model series fabricated under ELECTROLUX control because the model was originally earlier designed and fabricated in ZANUSSI Factory but shapes and construction art was different.<br />
Therefore all metal sheet shapes are differently fabricated compared to older models, others particulars too. <br />
<br />
<br />
It's super silent.<br />
<br />
All parts are original and furthermore this here was good used and cared.........then throwed away for a cheap fix........<br />
<br />
Compressor VOE (VERDICHTER VOE V1040N R-12 110WATT.<br />
<br />
<b>REX (ELECTROLUX) IR023S REFRIGERATING APPLIANCE WITH SINGLE THERMOSTATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICE:</b><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-e_IsbX8VaMlesO6tzLJ5pS-y-T0o5quyBpW59ZS53y5zftyZOq3nqB04cuHr-ZNegOoAlErNuNpWauwHfkMAvNjCTdEofm5AfsmfkOGhVa0J3Vwit6oX1PccmmZK1qfg9yhuasREjMcS/s1600/IMGH_05835.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-e_IsbX8VaMlesO6tzLJ5pS-y-T0o5quyBpW59ZS53y5zftyZOq3nqB04cuHr-ZNegOoAlErNuNpWauwHfkMAvNjCTdEofm5AfsmfkOGhVa0J3Vwit6oX1PccmmZK1qfg9yhuasREjMcS/s320/IMGH_05835.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>The
present invention relates to a refrigerating appliance comprising a
refrigerating circuit provided with a thermostatic temperature control
arrangement.<br />
Particularly, but not exclusively, the present
invention relates to a multi-temperature refrigerating appliance
provided with a single thermostatic temperature control device.<br />
Two-temperature
refrigerating appliances are well known, having two main compartments
which are kept at different temperatures and provided with independent
access doors. Usually, one of the compartments is maintained at an
average temperature of about + 5 DEG C for preserving fresh goods,
whereas the other compartment is maintained at an average temperature of
about - 18 DEG C for freezing purposes.<br />
Preferably, such
refrigerating appliances utilize one single-compressor refrigerating
circuit in which two evaporators associated with relevant storage and
freezer compartments are connected in series. An embodiment of this kind
is for instance disclosed in EP-A-0 298 349.<br />
The temperature in
the refrigerating appliance, determined by alternate operative and
inoperative phases of the compressor, is usually controlled by means of a
single thermostatic control device which is capable of sensing,
directly or indirectly, the temperature of the evaporator associated
with the storage compartment.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s1600/IMGH_05836.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s320/IMGH_05836.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>More particularly, the compressor is
actuated when the temperature of the storage compartment evaporator
exceeds a given maximum value and is deenergized, in order to perform a
corresponding defrost phase of the storage compartment evaporator, when
the above temperature falls below a predetermined minimum value. The
temperature inside the compartments depends on the ON/OFF ratio in the
operating cycle of the compressor, as well as on the general dimensions
of the refrigerating appliance, its loading conditions and the ambient
temperature.<br />
It is known, in this condition, that when the ambient
temperature is particularly low the thermostatic control device makes
the compressor run with correspondingly reduced operative phases with
respect to the inoperative phases, in order to maintain the
predetermined average temperature of approx. + 5 DEG C in the storage
compartment. Under these operating conditions, therefore, the freezer
compartment is likely to be cooled insufficiently by the associated
evaporator, with a consequent deterioration of the goods contained in
the freezer compartment itself. Anyway, the long inoperative phases of
the compressor in case of particularly low ambient temperature cause
undesirably wide temperature fluctuations to occur in both compartments,
and this is in contrast with a desirable correct operation.<br />
In
order to overcome the above drawbacks it is common practice to provide <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s320/IMGH_06008.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>a
so-called "balancing" heating element (consisting of a heating
resistance, for example) in the storage compartment, the heating element
being controlled by the thermostatic control device to be actuated in
place of the compressor during the inoperative phases of the compressor
itself.<br />
The amount of heat generated by the balancing resistance
during the defrost phases of the storage compartment evaporator
artificially compensated for the low ambient temperature, in this way
promoting a better ratio between the ON and OFF phases of the
compressor, thus enabling the freezer compartment to be refrigerated
correctly and causing narrower temperature fluctuations to occur in both
compartments.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ELECTROLUX) IR023S Temperature control for a cycle defrost refrigerator incorporating a roll-bonded evaporator :</b></span>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>A temperat<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s1600/IMGH_06007.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>ure control system for a refrigerator including a roll-bonded
evaporator in the fresh food compartment in which is formed a
non-refrigerant carrying passageway extending the full width of the
evaporator. A temperature control located in the compartment includes a
temperature sensitive capillary tube portion extending substantially the
full length of the passageway so as to be subjected to the limited
environment of the passageway and accordingly responsive to the true
temperature of the evaporator.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s1600/IMGH_05836.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s320/IMGH_05836.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
1. A cycle defrost
household refrigerator including a cabinet having an upper lower
temperature food compartment and a lower relatively high temperature
food compartment, evaporator means for refrigerating said compartments
comprising: <br />
a first evaporator located in said low temperature
compartment and a second evaporator arranged substantially vertically in
said relatively high temperature compartment and connected to said
first evaporator in series refrigerant flow relationship; <br />
means
for supplying liquid refrigerant to said liquid carrying conduits in
said first and second sections in series and for withdrawing evaporated
refrigerant therefrom; <br />
a temperature control means in said high
temperature food compartment including a temperature sensitive
capillary tube portion having a length corresponding substantially to
the width of said second evaporator; <br />
said temperature control
being operabl<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYioCquK1i4ZamM2ade23rSUXsuOycbTiuSJBa5MtujXWauCeG-0d-206TiK15-0YyQ97lIHfLEMFa1jFiXvePYrK0eYgs6azXDNb9F7pSL4eIJcV_Vc3Vx_rC16NE1KxWiEL19NQSARU/s1600/IMGH_05837.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYioCquK1i4ZamM2ade23rSUXsuOycbTiuSJBa5MtujXWauCeG-0d-206TiK15-0YyQ97lIHfLEMFa1jFiXvePYrK0eYgs6azXDNb9F7pSL4eIJcV_Vc3Vx_rC16NE1KxWiEL19NQSARU/s320/IMGH_05837.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>e by the coldest temperature sensed along the length of
said capillary for causing said compressor to cycle off to cause
defrosting of said section of said evaporator; <br />
a passageway
positioned in heat exchange relationship to said second evaporator
extending substantially the entire width between the vertical sides
thereof; <br />
said passageway having a cross-sectional dimension for
allowing insertion of said capillary tube portion to a position
substantially the full length of said passageway and for insuring
thermal relationship between said capillary tube portion and said
passageway so that said capillary tube portion is subjected to the
limited environment of said passageway and the temperature of said
second section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
2. The household refrigerator recited in claim 1 wherein
said passageway is arranged below the liquid carrying conduits.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
3. The household refrigerator recited in claim 2 wherein
said passageway is formed to include a central apex from which said
passageway extends downwardly and outwardly. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. The household refrigerator recited in claim 3 wherein
there is further provided a drain means located below said passageway
for receiving defrost water from said second section of said evaporator.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A cycle defrost household refrigerator including a
cabinet having an upper low temperature food compartment and a lower
relatively high <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s320/IMGH_06008.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>temperature food compartment, evaporator means for
refrigerating said compartments comprising:
a one piece evaporator
formed of a pair of sheets roll-forged together to include liquid
carrying conduits between said sheets, said evaporator having a first
section located in said low temperature compartment formed in a U-shape
to include a back wall portion having substantially horizontally
extending upper and lower wall portions and having a second section
arranged substantially vertically in said relatively high temperature
compartment and connected to said first section by means of a relatively
narrow neck portion; <br />
means for supplying liquid refrigerant to
said liquid carrying conduits in said first and second sections in
series and for withdrawing evaporated refrigerant therefrom; <br />
a
temperature control means in said high temperature food compartment
including a temperature sensitive capillary tube portion having a length
corresponding substantially to the width of said second evaporator. <br />
said temperature control being operable by the coldest temperature
sensed along the length of said capillary for causing said compressor to
cycle off to cause defrosting of said section of said evaporator. <br />
a passageway formed between the pair of sheets of said second section
extending substantially the entire width between the vertical sides
thereof; <br />
said passageway having a cross-sectional dimension for
allowing insertion of said capillary tube portion to a position
substantially the full length of said passageway and insuring thermal
relationship between said capillary tube portion and said passageway so
that said capillary tube portion is subjected to the limited environment
of said passageway and the temperature of said second section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
6. The household refrigerator recited in claim 5 wherein
said passageway is arranged below the liquid carrying conduits.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
7. The household refrigerator recited in claim 6 wherein
said passageway is formed to include a central apex from which said
passageway extends downwardly and outwardly. <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. The household refrigerator recited in claim 7 wherein
there is further provided a drain means located below said passageway
for receiving defrost water from said second section of said evaporator.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s320/IMGH_06008.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>The present
invention relates to cycle defrost refrigerator wherein defrost of the
fresh food compartment evaporator is accomplished during the compressor
OFF cycle primarily by convection of the relatively warm above freezing
fresh food compartment air and through the heat leakage entering the
fresh food compartment and more particularly to a control system for a
cycle defrost refrigerator incorporating a roll-bond evaporator. <br />
Generally
in a cycle defrost refrigerator the temperature of the fresh food
compartment is maintained by sensing the true temperature of the
evaporator. This requires that the entire length of the thermostat
control capillary tube be maintained in heat exchange relationship with
the evaporator. Traditionally many cycle defrost refrigerators suffer
from the inability of the control capillary to sense the true fresh food
evaporator conditions under critical usage conditions. This often
results from the inconsistencies of arranging the control capillary tube
relative to the fresh food evaporator so that it will sense accurate
evaporator conditions. These control errors often result in residual
icing problems, premature compressor trip-offs, and a wide dispersal of
operating response characteristics. One common manner of securing the
control capillary to the evaporator to insure that the full length of
the capillary tube is in contact with the evaporator has been to employ a
plurality of clamps spaced along the entire length of the capillary
tube. This method requires the use of external parts and labor to secure
them to the evaporator and falls short of solving the problem since the
relatively small diameter capillary tube realistically cannot conform
to the surface of the evaporator.<br />
<br />
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION<br />
An
object of the present invention is to provide a passageway which
extends across the full width of the roll-bonded plate evaporator and
whose cross-<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ7cb6cJYdHP-ALhyphenhyphenEvOqEEmVBx1HG08UkBS_jb2vJLOl5_DXT7BIXkszf262CLzyJ8h97yv2ZigvDw1MfATxHkTHPswDeGI0zCUJCcMywJl_ALqoGeLLJcGVIodsn5L7J4bvwAFpiAqgs/s1600/IMGH_05838.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ7cb6cJYdHP-ALhyphenhyphenEvOqEEmVBx1HG08UkBS_jb2vJLOl5_DXT7BIXkszf262CLzyJ8h97yv2ZigvDw1MfATxHkTHPswDeGI0zCUJCcMywJl_ALqoGeLLJcGVIodsn5L7J4bvwAFpiAqgs/s320/IMGH_05838.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>sectional area assures introduction of the capillary tube to
a position occupying the full length of the passageway so that it is in
contact with the walls of the passageway. <br />
By the present
invention there is provided in a houshold refrigerator having an upper
low temperature food compartment and a lower relatively high temperature
food compartment including a one-piece evaporator for refrigerating the
compartments. The one piece evaporator is formed of a pair of sheets
roll-forged together to include liquid carrying conduits between the
sheets. The evaporator has a first section located in the low
temperature compartment and a second section arranged substantially
vertically in the relatively high temperature compartment and connected
to the first section by means of a relatively narrow neck portion. A
hermetic compressor supplies liquid refrigerant to the liquid carrying
conduits in the evaporator sections in series and for withdrawing
evaporated refrigerant therefrom. Located in the high temperature
compartment is a temperature control means including a temperature
sensitive capillary tube portion. A passageway is formed between the
pair of sheets of the second section of the evaporator. The passageway
is located below the liquid carrying conduits and extends between the
vertical edges of the second section. The passageway has a
cross-sectional area which is dimensioned to allow easy insertion of the
capillary tube to a position where it occupies substantially the full
length of the passageway while at the same time insuring accurate
thermal response between the temperature sensitive capillary tube
portion and passageway walls so that the capillary tube portion is
subjected to the limited environment of the passageway and accordingly
the true temperature of the second section of the evaporator.<br />
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS<br />
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a two compartment refrigerator incorporating the present invention; <br />
FIG.
2 is a partial front elevational view with the cabinet door removed
showing the lower compartment evaporator incorporating the present
invention; <br />
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view along line
3--3 of FIG. 2 showing the arrangement of the control tube in
conjunction with the illustrated embodiment of the present invention;
and <br />
FIG. 4 is a diagramatic showing of the one-piece two-section
evaporator incorporated in the embodiment of the present invention.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp7b-QFYb39wQ3FFbZeGmYqSCJmkuEeaBG6qU6-1tnuALx5ITBy3zYYpaBt-BBUkbcdi7gUmzwKyidB7ibGEgJRjUOMO3fhIc8L2msVNtBNbk4hchDJRKRs6CzLqDpwJwk3d9UxOhqjUBh/s1600/ROLL-BOND-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp7b-QFYb39wQ3FFbZeGmYqSCJmkuEeaBG6qU6-1tnuALx5ITBy3zYYpaBt-BBUkbcdi7gUmzwKyidB7ibGEgJRjUOMO3fhIc8L2msVNtBNbk4hchDJRKRs6CzLqDpwJwk3d9UxOhqjUBh/s320/ROLL-BOND-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION<br />
Referring
now to the drawing wherein a preferred embodiment of the invention has
been shown, reference numeral 10 generally designates a conventional
insulated refrigerator cabinet having a below freezing frozen food
compartment 12 disposed in the upper part of the cabinet, an above
freezing main food storage compartment 14 disposed below the freezer
compartment 12, and a machinery compartment 16 arranged in the bottom
portion of the cabinet. The frozen food compartment 12 is adapted to be
maintained at a temperature low enough to properly preserve frozen food
for long periods of time. Thus, the temperature therein is preferably
maintained somewhere between -10° F. and 10° F. The main food storage
compartment 14 is preferably maintained at temperatures above freezing
but low enough to properly refrigerate perishable unfrozen foods. It has
been found that temperatures in the range of 37° to 40 20 F. are most
satisfactory for this purpose. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s1600/IMGH_05836.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s320/IMGH_05836.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
The compartments 12 and 14 are
refrigerated by a one-piece roll-forged evaporator including evaporators
sections 20 and 22 respectively which are connected in series flow in
the refrigerant circuit. The refrigerating system used for maintaining
the compartments 12 and 14 within the desired temperature ranges
mentioned above employs a conventional motor compressor unit 18 which is
adapted to be mounted in the machinery compartment 16 and which
discharges compressed refrigerant into the condenser 24 positioned
across the outside back wall of the refrigerator. Condense<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4KM7ggfezVMZru_6TGzUvG2vKdv9pXml_gehF6cUu3DlMYeY0hluVh7nHQ-K3EoHiUGv2u8f7LGOO6StCJC7Xu8KihMQena_AvkGmeY3jumXKx-YUIXaISBimZxHT2OP7xXty3PLpJci/s1600/IMGH_06007.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>d liquid
refrigerant from the condenser 24 then flow thru a conventional
capillary tube (not shown) to the evaporator section 20 located in the
freezer compartment and then to the series connected evaporator section
22 located in the food storage compartment 14.<br />
<br />
The evaporators
sections 20 and 22 are fabricated from two superimposed planar sheets
made in one piece by a roll-forging operation. While the present
invention does not reside in a roll-forging method as such, a brief
general description of this method is included in order to facilitate a
complete understanding of all aspects of the invention. The pair of
sheets are superimposed upon one another with a pattern of stop-weld
material coated on the one sheet. The stop-weld material provided
between the sheets prevents the sheets from adhering to one another
throughout the coated area. Following the roll-forging operation fluid
under pressure is supplied between the sheets so as to dilate the sheets
for the purpose of forming refrigerant passages corresponding to the
pattern of the stop-weld material. The stop-weld material is so applied
that the internal refrigerant passages extend throughout the major
portion of the plate and in effect form two spaced evaporator sections
connected in series refrigerant flow relationship. A slot 26 is cut in
the composite plate after the roll-forging operation as shown in FIG. 4
so as to separate the evaporator section 20 from evaporator section 22
except at the narrow neck 28.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s1600/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s320/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
This narrow neck 28 includes a refrigerant
passages 30 (FIGS. 2 & 4), which connects the evaporator section 20
in series with the evaporator section 22. In installing the evaporator
sections 20 and 22 in the cabinet the evaporator section 22 may be
arranged as shown in FIG. 2 with its vertical side edges 32 adjacent to
side walls 34 of the food storage compartment cabinet and substantially
parallel to the rear wall of compartment 14 as shown in FIG. 1. The
evaporator section 20 as best shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 is folded into a
U-shape configuration including a back wall 36 and horizontally
extending top and bottom walls 38. It should be noted that other
configurations of the freezer compartment evaporator may be used in
conjunction with the present invention. <br />
The temperature of the
fresh food compartment 14 is regulated by a thermostatically operated
temperature control 40 mounted on one side wall 34 in the compartment
14. The control 40 includes a manually adjustable control knob 41 used
to select the fresh food compartment temperature and a control capillary
tube 42 arranged as will be explained fully to be in contact with the
lower portion of the evaporator section 22. The control 40 is used for
starting and stopping the motor compressor unit 18 in response to the
selected refrigeration requirements. The control 40 is of the type which
is adapted to close the circuit to the motor compressor unit 18 when
the temperature of the coldest portion of the control capillary 42 is a
few degrees above the melting temperature of the frost which may form on
the evaporator section 22 during the "ON" cycle of t<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s1600/IMGH_06008.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkeQYfkUHssfnTQiN1SLuHv_y5zFQUa3h7ZJuWRxJ9fsG570gQET0JaQlKHwaDtIhrubzCYWjbi1CMZsr3lET2YjVJVLHYce66UhJ-6daosBNmumowq4SXDQr9jt5bTzS0IK7b7mnW4DQF/s320/IMGH_06008.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>he compressor and
is adapted to open the circuit to the compressor when the temperature of
the coldest portion of the control capillary 42 approaches the selected
evaporator OFF temperature. The relative sizes of the evaporators 20
and 22 and the arrangement of the passages therein are such to provide
for automatic defrosting of the evaporator section 22 during the OFF
cycle without defrosting the evaporator section 20. It is important to
note that the control capillary 42 responds to evaporator temperatures
rather than the temperature of the air in the food compartment as it has
been found that the temperature of the air in the food storage
compartment may be maintained substantially between 37° and 40° F. at
all times even though the temperature of the evaporator 22 sensed by the
bulb 42 fluctuates over a wide range such as -6° F. to 37° F. The
temperature values given herein are primarily for purposes of
illustration and may be varied to suit different requirements. <br />
In
order for the capillary tube 42 to r<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s1600/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTomR_iN9qYhleNI_pV9aH7yxADTV7HsAdJ2H6nHxopT1wJ3A02r0WmvwpcLI9ITW4ADfwlArTrB0ewLAh6LTESHJiM5yRgZ8onV4T_pX6FadXWnqV-Nul4yS1C3Sdck5YZFDeMiomj-1/s320/ROLL-BOND-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>espond to true evaporator
temperature rather than air temperature and to obtain accurate
temperature control it must control from the coldest point. In
conventional practice this can only be accomplished if the capillary
tube is securely and accurately positioned to be in direct contact with
the evaporator surface over its full intended sensing contact area or
length. To obtain uniform temperature calibrations for a multitude of
cabinets of the same type, it is necessary that the same predetermined
length of control bulb be arranged in heat exchange relationship with
the evaporator wall in each cabinet and that this entire length be in
heat relationship with the evaporator. <br />
By the present invention
the capillary tube 42 is positioned so as to respond to true evaporator
conditions. To this end an open non-refrigerant passageway 50 is formed
in the evaporator section 22. The passageway 50 as seen in FIG. 2 is
positioned below the lowermost refrigerant pass 52 and the lower edge 54
of the evaporator 22. The passageway 50 extends across the full width
of the evaporator and diverges downwardly and outwardly from a central
apex 56. The capillary tube 42 is inserted the full length of the
passageway 50 as shown by broken lines in FIG. 2 so as to be exposed to
temperatures across the full width of the evaporator. For example, the
temperature in the inlet area of refrigerant pass 52 might be different
than that in outlet area of pass 52. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ7cb6cJYdHP-ALhyphenhyphenEvOqEEmVBx1HG08UkBS_jb2vJLOl5_DXT7BIXkszf262CLzyJ8h97yv2ZigvDw1MfATxHkTHPswDeGI0zCUJCcMywJl_ALqoGeLLJcGVIodsn5L7J4bvwAFpiAqgs/s1600/IMGH_05838.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ7cb6cJYdHP-ALhyphenhyphenEvOqEEmVBx1HG08UkBS_jb2vJLOl5_DXT7BIXkszf262CLzyJ8h97yv2ZigvDw1MfATxHkTHPswDeGI0zCUJCcMywJl_ALqoGeLLJcGVIodsn5L7J4bvwAFpiAqgs/s320/IMGH_05838.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
The length and
cross-sectional area of the passageway 50 relative to the diameter and
length of capillary tube 42 is such that the capillary tube 42 may be
easily inserted therein while at the same time insuring that a thermal
relationship is maintained between the<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjqVx2rbn_aU6Kve7KiruD52aIO2QSS4SAUXfMXqCWkcGdw7yaulRGEzjDE4kRuK4DtSWK8P-vv-aJgr5rA9_GY-L-6ur050u1s13Vac0tHwLMZAwyPQTSJOiDJ_MWxMLjCuZDPIhSeqSF/s1600/IMGH_06005.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> capillary and evaporator. The
capillary 42 is so positioned in the passageway 50 that it sees only the
limited environment generated by the highly conductive walls of the
passageway. In the control employed in carrying out the present
invention the capillary controls from the coldest point along its
length. The arrangement of the capillary and passageway extending across
the evaporator insures that Off cycle will be initiated from coldest
point along the width of the evaporator which is below freezing and an
ON cycle which is initiated from the coldest part of the evaporator
which is above the freezing temperature. The passageway 50 as stated
above in effect creates an environment in which the capillary tube 40
can sense the true temperature of the evaporator. <br />
By the present
arrangement a constant temperature difference between the control
capillary and the evaporator is generated which insures a consistent
refrigeration cycle initiation and termination with respect to true
evaporator conditions such as overall average temperature and frost
conditions. <br />
The capillary tube due to its location below the
lowest refrigerant carrying pass senses the descending defrost water
which impinges on the outer surface of the passageway. The above
freezing temperature of the defrost water contacting the passageway 50
influences the temperature of the evaporator and accordingly the
temperature sensed by the capillary tube 42. Defrost water impinging on
the passageway 50 tends to flow downwardly toward the outer edges 32 and
into trough 58 where it flows into a drain tube 60 to be disposed of by
evaporation in the machine compartment 16 in any suitable manner (not
shown). <br />
While in the embodiment shown a single or one-piece
evaporator is shown it<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYioCquK1i4ZamM2ade23rSUXsuOycbTiuSJBa5MtujXWauCeG-0d-206TiK15-0YyQ97lIHfLEMFa1jFiXvePYrK0eYgs6azXDNb9F7pSL4eIJcV_Vc3Vx_rC16NE1KxWiEL19NQSARU/s1600/IMGH_05837.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYioCquK1i4ZamM2ade23rSUXsuOycbTiuSJBa5MtujXWauCeG-0d-206TiK15-0YyQ97lIHfLEMFa1jFiXvePYrK0eYgs6azXDNb9F7pSL4eIJcV_Vc3Vx_rC16NE1KxWiEL19NQSARU/s320/IMGH_05837.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> should be noted that evaporator sections 20 and
22 may be separately formed and connected by appropriate refrigerant
tubing. <br />
Further, the passageway 50 may be formed by brazing or
adhesively bonding a tube member to the plate evaporator. A tube so
bonded to the evaporator would create the same environment for the
capillary tube as formed passageway 50 does in that the capillary would
still be in a position to sense true evaporator temperature. <br />
It
should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiment
described heretofore is considered to be the presently preferred form of
this invention. In accordance with the Patent Statues, changes may be
made in the disclosed apparatus and the manner in which it is used
without actually departing from the true spirit and scope of this
invention. </div>
</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ZANUSSI-ELECTROLUX) IR023S Method for making an improved evaporator. </b></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYioCquK1i4ZamM2ade23rSUXsuOycbTiuSJBa5MtujXWauCeG-0d-206TiK15-0YyQ97lIHfLEMFa1jFiXvePYrK0eYgs6azXDNb9F7pSL4eIJcV_Vc3Vx_rC16NE1KxWiEL19NQSARU/s1600/IMGH_05837.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYioCquK1i4ZamM2ade23rSUXsuOycbTiuSJBa5MtujXWauCeG-0d-206TiK15-0YyQ97lIHfLEMFa1jFiXvePYrK0eYgs6azXDNb9F7pSL4eIJcV_Vc3Vx_rC16NE1KxWiEL19NQSARU/s320/IMGH_05837.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>A method for making an evaporator of the roll-bond type comprises a
first step of inserting a return pipe (1) into a passage (3) formed
between the two bonded sheets of the roll-bond evaporator (4), a second
step of compressing said passage (3) about the terminal portion (8) of
said return pipe so as to form a narrow and substantially annular space
(12) between said roll-bond passage (3) and a length of said return pipe
(1) inserted into said passage, and a subsequent third step consisting
of the injection of a semi-fluid substance having sealing and adhesive
properties into a further passage (9) obtained by suitably forming the
two roll-bonded sheets and having one of its ends provided with a port
(11) opening into said space (12), so that and until said substance
progressively fills all or part of its volume.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQEp6I4GccjQIkVxE4tryiR5lbeCq3OnU0XEY1glHkOhLnYmqNYZKjomkcy9QCWnSLEviIKCicQGrJja-NLV7CE14kEPvdJTQRgapB5QAVpyNMa5vuCR_Dt-NP5ns6dJfDupbC01FRtKXO/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQEp6I4GccjQIkVxE4tryiR5lbeCq3OnU0XEY1glHkOhLnYmqNYZKjomkcy9QCWnSLEviIKCicQGrJja-NLV7CE14kEPvdJTQRgapB5QAVpyNMa5vuCR_Dt-NP5ns6dJfDupbC01FRtKXO/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. A method for making an evaporator of the roll bond type,
particularly for use in domestic refrigerating appliances, with a frist
step comprising the insertion of a return pipe into a retrun passage
formed between the two bonded sheet layers of the roll bond evaporator, a
second step comprising the compression of said return passage about an
end portion of said return pipe so as to form a narrow substantially
annular space, preferably of a length of at least 20 mm, between the
inner wall of said return passage and the outer face of said return pipe
inserted therein, characterized by the provision of a third step
comprising the injection of a semi-fluid substance having sealing and
adhesive properties into a further passage (9) obtained by suitably
shaping the two sheet layers of the roll bond structure, said further
passage (9) having at one of its ends a port (11) opening into said
space (12), so that and until said substance progressively fills all or
part of the volume of said space. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that
said port (11) opens into said space (12) substantially adjacent the
bottom thereof. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that
said sealing substance is of the anaerobic polymerization type.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that
subsequent to the filling of said space (12), the corresponding area of
the roll bond structure is subjected to a heat treatment, preferably by
induction heating, for the polymerization of said sealing substance.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that
said induction heating step is carried out for an interval of about 10
to 20 seconds. <br />
<br clear="all" />
6. A method according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that said return pipe (1) is retained at a fixed
position within said passage (3) during the subsequent three steps of
the process. <br />
<br clear="all" />
7. A method according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the insertion of said return pipe (1) into said
passage (3) is carried out so as to avoid any contact between the two
components. <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that
said space (12) has a width of between o.2 and o.5 mm. <br />
<br clear="all" />
9. A refrigerating appliance provided with at least one
evaporator, characterized by being made with the employ of the method
according to any of the preceding claims. <br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
The invention relates to a method for fashioning a detail of
an evaporator of the roll bond type for use in a refrigerating
appliance, particularly of the domestic type, and to a refrigerating
appliance equipped with an evaporator fashioned by employing this
method.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYioCquK1i4ZamM2ade23rSUXsuOycbTiuSJBa5MtujXWauCeG-0d-206TiK15-0YyQ97lIHfLEMFa1jFiXvePYrK0eYgs6azXDNb9F7pSL4eIJcV_Vc3Vx_rC16NE1KxWiEL19NQSARU/s1600/IMGH_05837.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYioCquK1i4ZamM2ade23rSUXsuOycbTiuSJBa5MtujXWauCeG-0d-206TiK15-0YyQ97lIHfLEMFa1jFiXvePYrK0eYgs6azXDNb9F7pSL4eIJcV_Vc3Vx_rC16NE1KxWiEL19NQSARU/s320/IMGH_05837.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
The invention is in particular applicable to a
refrigerator of the static function type or the forced circulation type,
with a single capillary or twin capillaries. For the sake of
simplicity, the following description will refer to the single-capillary
type, it being understood, however, that the invention is similarly
applicable to refrigerating appliances having more than one evaporator
and a corresponding number of capillaries.<br />
In refrigerant circuits
for domestic refrigerating appliances of a known type, the capillary
and the return pipe are connected to the evaporator by means of a
"union" using a length of pipe, preferably aluminum pipe, to be inserted
into a suitable cavity formed between the two aluminum sheets of which
the well-known "roll bond" evaporator is composed.<br />
As generally
known, the employ of the roll bond technique permits the manufacture of
the refrigerant circuit to be greatly simplified, although there are
certain shortcomings known to those skilled in the art and relating to
the method employed for making and connecting the evaporator.<br />
As a
matter of fact, in known refrigerating appliances equipped with a roll
bond evaporator, the return pipe is compression-fitted thereto by
exclusively mechanical means. This fitting technique is unable, however,
to guarantee hermetic sealing at pressures of more than about 5
kp/cm<2>, so that under certain circumstances the high-pressure
fluid tends to leak from the mechanic connection and to thereby escape
from the refrigerant circuit.<br />
The gravest inconvenience resulting
from this technique is the possibility of the escape of gaseous
refrigerant into the ambient atmosphere. This is because the connection
of the return pipe to the return passage of the roll bond evaporator as
well as the connection of the capillary to the are generally
accomplished by the employ of well known procedures consisting in the
compression from the outside of determined portions of the roll bond
structure about the return pipe and the capillary at the locations of
the return passage and the inlet pasage, respectively, of the roll bond
evaporator.<br />
This compression-fitting process may be accompanied by
soldering the return pipe to the roll bond structure at the point of
entrance, or by the application of an adhesive having suitable
characteristics to the surface of the capillary and that of the return
pipe at the respective compression-fitting locations.<br />
The
discussed shortcomings derive from the fact that the soldering operation
is always a critical process with sometimes uncertain results, and in
any case rather costly. For this reason the soldering method is
whereever possible replaced by the application of adhesive at the
compression-fitting locations.<br />
On the other hand, however, the
application of an adhesive to the surface of the return pipe to be
inserted into the roll bond structure is not without problems caused for
instance by the formation of bubbles in the thin adhesive coating or by
the presence of adhesive-free areas resulting from the viscosity of the
adhesive or from the adhesive being scraped off by mutual contact
between complementary surfaces during the fitting process, which is
usually a manual operation. Finally, the manual application of the
adhesive may result in the presence of insufficient or excessive amount
of adhesive on different surface areas, giving rise to faulty sealing.<br />
The<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s1600/IMGH_05836.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s320/IMGH_05836.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>
escape of the gaseous refrigerant cannot always be detected in the
course of controls during the manufacturing process, particularly in the
case of extremely small leaks. The full impact of the defect is thus
noticed only after the refrigerating appliance has been put into use,
requiring the manufacturer to carry out extremely onerous and laborious
service operations, as well known by those skilled in the trade, without
any remedy in sight.<br />
The construction and maintenance of
refrigerating appliances of this type are thus rendered rather
complicated by the described operations which do not, moreover, lend
themselves to being readily automatized.<br />
It would therefore be
desirable, and is in fact an object of the present invention, to provide
a domestic refrigerating appliance in which the above discussed
shortcomings are avoided without incurring construction complications or
the necessity of novel technologies, so as to maintain low production
costs.<br />
These and other objects are attained in a refrigerating appliance as defined in the appended claims.<br />
The
invention will be more fully understood from the following description,
given by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings,
wherein: fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a first step in the
method according to the invention for sealingly connecting a return pipe
to a roll bond evaporator, fig. 2 shows a second step of said method,
and fig. 3 shows a third step of said method.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8AgM8pT56uXZpJUp8ebmxZ6Rk_xIJ9Ms-RllWFfkL1ZkWG-apLnbdYFU4J7doJWeYvfhsNj_wfIoN9cdM0h0SkHk6iKC-eMGPFQ8ulaYWAbUogg8XwxbQDjdBubJ7PCAtZUevPjI0kgwz/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8AgM8pT56uXZpJUp8ebmxZ6Rk_xIJ9Ms-RllWFfkL1ZkWG-apLnbdYFU4J7doJWeYvfhsNj_wfIoN9cdM0h0SkHk6iKC-eMGPFQ8ulaYWAbUogg8XwxbQDjdBubJ7PCAtZUevPjI0kgwz/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-2.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
The method according
to the invention is carried out in four distinct steps, the first one
of which comprises the insertion of a return pipe 1, with a capillary 2
enclosed therein, into a passage 3 formed between the two sheet layers
of a roll bond evaporator 4. The insertion of return pipe 1 into passage
3 has to be carried out in a manner ensuring that the two cylindrical
elements are maintained substantially coaxial with one another, or at
least with their respective surfaces out of contact with one another.<br />
To
this purpose the diameter of return pipe 1 is selected to be slightly
smaller than that of passage 3, so that a space 12 of preferably about
o.2 to o.5 is defined between the two respective surfaces.<br />
As
generally known, return pipe 1 is inserted to a predetermined position 5
of its inner end, while a certain length of capillary 2 projecting from
the end of return pipe 1 extends through a restriction 6 formed in a
linear extension 7 of return pipe receiving passage 3.<br />
This
positioning has to be maintained throughout the three subsequent steps
of the operation, but then the operations of inserting the components
and fixing them in position can be readily and fully automatised by one
skilled in the art.<br />
The second step comprises the compression of
passage 3 about an end portion 8 of return pipe 1, and of restriction 6
about capillary 2, and is performed in the conventional manner.<br />
The
third step of the process comprises the injection of a semi-fluid
substance having sealing and adhesive properties into a further passage 9
obtained by suitably shaping the two sheet layers of the roll bond
structure. As clearly shown in the drawings, possage 9 has an outwards
opening port 10 at one end, and at the other, a port 11 opening into the
narrow space 12 defined between passage 3 of the roll bond structure
and the length of return pipe 1 inserted thereinto.<br />
It is important that port 11 opens into the bottom portion of space 12 as shown in the drawings.<br />
The
pressure applied for the injection of the semi-fluid substance is
effective to ensure that the substance progressively and completely
fills space 12 so as to fully replace the air originally contained
therein, the length of space 12 having been selected with a view to
achieving a reliable sealing effect.<br />
It has thus been found that a
length of space 12 of at least 30 mm is sufficient to ensure such
reliable sealing effect to guard against gas losses, even when space 12
is not completely filled by the injected substance. Even when the air
has not been completely displaced from space 12, leaving a small air
pocket adjacent the closed end thereof, the desired sealing of the
connection will not be impaired.<br />
As a matter of fact, the hermetic
sealing of the connection is substanti<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYioCquK1i4ZamM2ade23rSUXsuOycbTiuSJBa5MtujXWauCeG-0d-206TiK15-0YyQ97lIHfLEMFa1jFiXvePYrK0eYgs6azXDNb9F7pSL4eIJcV_Vc3Vx_rC16NE1KxWiEL19NQSARU/s1600/IMGH_05837.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyYioCquK1i4ZamM2ade23rSUXsuOycbTiuSJBa5MtujXWauCeG-0d-206TiK15-0YyQ97lIHfLEMFa1jFiXvePYrK0eYgs6azXDNb9F7pSL4eIJcV_Vc3Vx_rC16NE1KxWiEL19NQSARU/s320/IMGH_05837.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>ally brought about by the
injected adhesive substance forming an annular diaphragm between, and
bonded to, the outer wall surface of return pipe 1 and the inner wall
surface of passage 3, this diaphragm being impermeable to the passage of
gas from one side thereof to the other.<br />
The formation of an
annular diaphragm having the above described sealing properties is
ensured by the injection of the sealing substance through the port 11
located, as has been pointed out, closely adjacent the bottom of space
12.<br />
It is preferable to employ a substance of the anaerobic
polimerization type and of very low viscosity, and thus capable of
penetrating even the smallest gaps of space 12 by capillary action.<br />
Preferred
in any case is the employ of a monocomponent anaerobic polymerization
substance, for instance TOPFIX NA 84 supplied by CECA company, which
requires a certain time for setting at least to a degree permitting the
evaporator to be subsequently handled as for mounting it in a
refrigerating appliance, without thereby endangering the previously
obtained seal.<br />
Since this time interval is usually not available
in an automatized manufacturing process with high production rates, it
is advisable to provide a fourth step which consists in performing a
heat treatment of the area previously supplied with the sealing
substance, preferably by subjecting the respective area to induction
heating for a very short time, for instance 10 to 20 seconds, by the
employ of a technique generally known to those skilled in the art.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0XjJLEjc0_OUIrMQGUyRUmwQ5oltdm_XAgCmMC14r6gYqm4_ok4JJHDP-57Zc3lu0dK_8Hh_z3fTz8icW3p2lUptlmz5dGKpyHjFCkrzUypuX-AEx6YEI8mgo6MbvedgjsQR3ioSpbxNC/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-3.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0XjJLEjc0_OUIrMQGUyRUmwQ5oltdm_XAgCmMC14r6gYqm4_ok4JJHDP-57Zc3lu0dK_8Hh_z3fTz8icW3p2lUptlmz5dGKpyHjFCkrzUypuX-AEx6YEI8mgo6MbvedgjsQR3ioSpbxNC/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-3.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
At
the end of this short period, the return pipe is perfectly sealed to
the roll bond structure, so that the evaporator is ready for further
processing.<br />
The preceding description has been given on the
assumption that the capillary 2 is contained within the return pipe 1.
The teaching of the invention still holds valid, however, when the
capillary 2 is to be connected to the evaporator independently of the
return pipe.<br />
The described method is thus conducive to obtaining
the following advantages: a) Rapid establishment of the connection
between the return pipe and the evaporator without the need for sealing
gaskets or other auxiliary parts, and without the necessity of a
soldering step, b) Simplified processing of the roll bond structure, c)
Simplification and flexibility of the manufacturing process (to be
carried out in separate steps capable of automatization), d) Overall
economy of the manufacturing process. e) Above all, the quality of the
connection is greatly improved as regards the obtention of a reliable
seal, particularly with a view to not readily detectable slow leaks.<br />
It
is of course possible to design refrigerating appliances with
modifications of what has been described above within the preview of the present invention.</div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Compressor ZANUSSI ELECTROLUX <span style="font-size: small;">(VERDICHTER OE) </span>V1040N R-12 110WATT. <span style="font-size: small;">Compressor with hermetically sealed casing:</span></b><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHxw-rNyPViCaVopMxWjbjymVqHf9n9dyLgsomidlFUbpMQ9hziF_oklmIVHM-r_Ji3pH89Rdhrfy8bcAJBGSkng947IG0WctoTsMxLRKC1YqBezRKdlSJZCjLih7eAZCZsxtIgFyKkqRD/s1600/IMGH_06142.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHxw-rNyPViCaVopMxWjbjymVqHf9n9dyLgsomidlFUbpMQ9hziF_oklmIVHM-r_Ji3pH89Rdhrfy8bcAJBGSkng947IG0WctoTsMxLRKC1YqBezRKdlSJZCjLih7eAZCZsxtIgFyKkqRD/s1600/IMGH_06142.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>An electric compressor, particularly for household refrigerators,
comprising an outside casing (1), an inside body (2), a cylinder head
(3), a silencer (4) interposed between the cavity inside the compressor
casing and the gas inlet pipe within the cylinder head (3), wherein the
silencer (4) is substantially L-shaped, the greater side containing the
expansion chamber (5) and the lesser side leading to the gas admission
port (7) in the inlet valve and then to the outlet pipe (9) toward a
Helmholtz resonator, the Helmholtz resonator being formed in the
compressor body. The ratio between the area of the admission pipe (6)
and the transverse section of the chamber (5) must be approximately
0.03, and the length of the chamber (5) must be approximately 34 mm.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiitqG9_J_Sn7ipUvTEOq03jQUr6je5_eV9r50vM3wFebNKGDo_f2f-Z3koTQLpvPMjcHTOSj8w6eZ67EUrtz1pI8yw4avfnTfExfgv4-G4Ml5hZPXNE7wvRNQMozTrzfXoXEZVB5e1EsPe/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-1.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiitqG9_J_Sn7ipUvTEOq03jQUr6je5_eV9r50vM3wFebNKGDo_f2f-Z3koTQLpvPMjcHTOSj8w6eZ67EUrtz1pI8yw4avfnTfExfgv4-G4Ml5hZPXNE7wvRNQMozTrzfXoXEZVB5e1EsPe/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. An electric compressor, particularly for household
refrigerators, comprising an outside casing (l), an inside body (2), a
cylinder head (3), a silencer (4) interposed between the cavity inside
the compressor casing and the gas inlet passage within the cylinder head
(3), <b>characterized in that</b> in the chamber (5) inside the
silencer (4) the ratio between the area of the admission pipe (6) and
the transverse section of the chamber (5) is approximately 0.03, and the
length of the chamber (5) is approximately 34 mm, the silencer (4) is
substantially L-shaped, whereby the greater side contains the expansion
chamber (5) and the gas admission pipe (6) into the chamber, and the
lesser side constitutes the gas outlet pipe (8) from the chamber (5) and
that the lesser side leads first to the gas admission port (7) in the
inlet valve and then to the outlet pipe (9) toward a Helmholtz
resonator. <br />
<br clear="all" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPXzIXVyaPDwpToFSC1vdzMDYuxQXyIDdwkhjFY2xA-4Ymkkp4UREj1MxFdP8oGMX888bEiPtb0BdNSNnOcI3ijnNSZp7BKEM9ZxXWPf9ddAM5ugySZIODd7SW6kJDVgCHI_nPat_3xKsD/s1600/IMGH_06299.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPXzIXVyaPDwpToFSC1vdzMDYuxQXyIDdwkhjFY2xA-4Ymkkp4UREj1MxFdP8oGMX888bEiPtb0BdNSNnOcI3ijnNSZp7BKEM9ZxXWPf9ddAM5ugySZIODd7SW6kJDVgCHI_nPat_3xKsD/s1600/IMGH_06299.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>2. The compressor of claim 1, <b>characterized in that</b> the Helmholtz resonator is formed within the compressor body. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. The compressor of claims 1 or 2, <b>characterized in that</b>
the expansion chamber (5) has two substantially parallel plane opposing
walls and two curved opposing walls with the same direction and
substantially the same angle of curvature. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. The compressor of the preceding claim, <b>characterized in that</b>
the silencer (4) has a constructional shape similar to a hook where the
outlet pipe (9) is placed on the end-portion of said hook.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
5. The compressor of any of the above claims, <b>characterized in that</b> the silencer (4) performs the function of reducing noise within an adiabatic change. <br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEictVgPgVKFJaB6xd3sQoK9OVgVZDofqHIJBd8iRAS9foLtlmBzx4AdfuGO_IlFjCD2lVvRLGjwMI9aGDr5DNxHlJa9xLo2MIYkDK4byEaZ3iZkbI0JcRC9_zsYEQ7Pwwt2GvUCdobXSBZ8/s1600/IMGH_06295.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEictVgPgVKFJaB6xd3sQoK9OVgVZDofqHIJBd8iRAS9foLtlmBzx4AdfuGO_IlFjCD2lVvRLGjwMI9aGDr5DNxHlJa9xLo2MIYkDK4byEaZ3iZkbI0JcRC9_zsYEQ7Pwwt2GvUCdobXSBZ8/s1600/IMGH_06295.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0CPycDSNDq_kFSa8rP9VQDx6lS4T1ZmyRB5DGQzJd34OhlEV0Es0C7aufFYiE3388ySYmODNJIx7zVX_oxHe0J2VGuXVG9c1L_kK0r_lIYpr7j2EdTNCSqKHh61nHttKjmV61DFwov-Hi/s1600/IMGH_06143.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0CPycDSNDq_kFSa8rP9VQDx6lS4T1ZmyRB5DGQzJd34OhlEV0Es0C7aufFYiE3388ySYmODNJIx7zVX_oxHe0J2VGuXVG9c1L_kK0r_lIYpr7j2EdTNCSqKHh61nHttKjmV61DFwov-Hi/s1600/IMGH_06143.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>The present invention relates to a special form of inlet
pipe for cooling gas inside an airtight enclosure containing an electric
compressor, particularly employed in refrigerators for household use.<br />
For
better illustration of the present invention it is assumed that the
pipe operates in close association with the compressor and that it is
made of injection-molded or stamped plastic. This naturally does not
limit the invention to this type of material and to this connection.<br />
The
fluctuations of gas pressure inside displacement compressors
particularly for household refrigerators are of considerable importance
in view of their influence on the efficiency and the level of acoustic
power emitted by the compressors. Therein the cooling gas coming from
the inlet pipe enters inside the airtight housing of the compressor.<br />
The
body of the compressor has an inlet pipe inside the casing connected to
the inlet valve via various channels and cavities that permit the
drawn-in gas to be conveyed inside the cylinder.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFYs_f1kStIr1fUofHxVmR3jBI3VL2rXpYIQZKh5-G5O0FISSMUm7xd626EcDnh1n4K0hKsDO6M5tt4FX77sJuBaklpZ1X8LKyGUU8W3BklcGBOVG6jd2GyjYIDIcWQLSm9gHBbxxGrWI/s1600/IMGH_06297.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFYs_f1kStIr1fUofHxVmR3jBI3VL2rXpYIQZKh5-G5O0FISSMUm7xd626EcDnh1n4K0hKsDO6M5tt4FX77sJuBaklpZ1X8LKyGUU8W3BklcGBOVG6jd2GyjYIDIcWQLSm9gHBbxxGrWI/s1600/IMGH_06297.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
Being in contact with all the hot surfaces of the compressor, the gas heats up and reduces its density during these passages.<br />
This leads to a reduction in the cylinder filling and thus ultimately to a reduction in the cooling capacity of the compressor.<br />
<br />
The basic mechanisms regulating the dynamics of the gas movements are as follows. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<li>1)
The mechanism of restriction of flow through each "collar" and each
connecting cavity constituting the system is regarded as an opening
constricting the flow of gas. This effect is of virtually static
character since the inertia of the gas is low, normally negligible, in
the inlet and outlet passages which have reasonable dimensions. </li>
<li>2)
The second mecha<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPXzIXVyaPDwpToFSC1vdzMDYuxQXyIDdwkhjFY2xA-4Ymkkp4UREj1MxFdP8oGMX888bEiPtb0BdNSNnOcI3ijnNSZp7BKEM9ZxXWPf9ddAM5ugySZIODd7SW6kJDVgCHI_nPat_3xKsD/s1600/IMGH_06299.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPXzIXVyaPDwpToFSC1vdzMDYuxQXyIDdwkhjFY2xA-4Ymkkp4UREj1MxFdP8oGMX888bEiPtb0BdNSNnOcI3ijnNSZp7BKEM9ZxXWPf9ddAM5ugySZIODd7SW6kJDVgCHI_nPat_3xKsD/s1600/IMGH_06299.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>nism is essentially of a dynamic nature, relating to
the sudden opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves. The
sudden discharge of an amount of gas inside a cavity of the system
causes an acceleration in the mass of the gas already existing in the
passages downstream of the cavity, thus permitting the arriving gas to
alter its thermodynamic characteristics minimally. The inertia of the
gas offers resistance to this variation of motion and results in a
pressure increase inside the cavity. Once this change of state has been
established the gas persists in its motion (due to inertia), producing a
rarefaction of gas in the cavity in which there was previously an
overpressure. The repetition of this process, as is characteristic of
reciprocating displacement compressors, produces a vibration of the gas.
From the point of view of efficiency alone, the ideal
solution would be the total elimination of any system of pipes,
manifolds and cavities that have the function of collecting the gas
upstream and downstream of the automatic valves.<br />
However,
maximizing thermodynamic efficiency in this way would accordingly
increase the level of acoustic power emitted, particularly during
intake, that is transmitted directly outside the casing of the
compressor, thereby compromising the requirements of quietness.<br />
It
would t<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl6V0yDf6H3DlWmqhMrD823iwoeo9VGrL6-BpnUDGdSrhN0VnWsOK-Yg4VsJHchuxX_Fp3nuhMAlMMa8tPRvdhXU7QP7JGVT1tPbmoJRjwGJ5spCwHglyfi8aUii_YphuZBD3_bW6qcF-z/s1600/IMGH_06296.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl6V0yDf6H3DlWmqhMrD823iwoeo9VGrL6-BpnUDGdSrhN0VnWsOK-Yg4VsJHchuxX_Fp3nuhMAlMMa8tPRvdhXU7QP7JGVT1tPbmoJRjwGJ5spCwHglyfi8aUii_YphuZBD3_bW6qcF-z/s1600/IMGH_06296.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>herefore be desirable, and is the object of the present
invention, to realize a compressor that combines high efficiency with
low noise, and is reliable, economical and easy to assemble while using
materials and techniques permitted by the state of the art.<br />
This
object is achieved with the device described, by way of example and
nonrestrictively, with reference to the adjoined figures in which: <br />
<dl>
<dt>Fig. 1</dt>
<dd>shows
a view of the inside of the compressor casing with the device shown
from the front, comprising a silencer interposed between the intake of
the gas from outside of the compressor and the cylinder head; </dd>
<dt>Fig. 2</dt>
<dd>shows a front inside view of the cover of the silencer; </dd>
<dt>Fig. 3</dt>
<dd>shows a lateral view of the same detail; </dd>
<dt>Fig. 4</dt>
<dd>shows a front inside view of the body of the silencer; </dd>
<dt>Fig. 5</dt>
<dd>shows a lateral section of the same detail. </dd></dl>
The essential idea of the invention is described here as follows.<br />
In
order to maintain the process of gas intake within an adiabatic change
(thereby preserving the cooling efficiency of the compressor), the
acousti<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyLVDwUsm41PRoOnE6LAj14aaNIs-888gcSTkAv7jjIig0nzFzCeVfW1e9rtrqGLAJmx3ULeYZubVFBpimJztzcw3_nns4twkMxDcKzMlVpMSII_91vC60CNNqBwoTZE7buJMXoNO-VO_k/s1600/IMGH_06292.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyLVDwUsm41PRoOnE6LAj14aaNIs-888gcSTkAv7jjIig0nzFzCeVfW1e9rtrqGLAJmx3ULeYZubVFBpimJztzcw3_nns4twkMxDcKzMlVpMSII_91vC60CNNqBwoTZE7buJMXoNO-VO_k/s1600/IMGH_06292.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>c control system is preferably made of plastic material.<br />
An
expansion silencer is realized between two pipes (having different
sections) and by a Helmholtz resonator whose collar is positioned along
the pipe at the outlet of the silencer on the side of the inlet valve.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFHOcFkaomWiqhyphenhyphenC9J7PXgg8PWF4_66qPMiVidvxe2oaLPITi_sABz5UK_yssk_dmZy1iTpQrE0vL1wTxvWpCrw1DyC8FxqiKkEWYDw8EC5Vy-4nw6IuZVVN6OfU1EvH30Y7nKPtyzTkp5/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-4.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFHOcFkaomWiqhyphenhyphenC9J7PXgg8PWF4_66qPMiVidvxe2oaLPITi_sABz5UK_yssk_dmZy1iTpQrE0vL1wTxvWpCrw1DyC8FxqiKkEWYDw8EC5Vy-4nw6IuZVVN6OfU1EvH30Y7nKPtyzTkp5/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-4.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Inside
the silencer the spread of the acoustic waves is subject to
interference and reflection phenomena that attenuate their acoustic
intensity (understood to be the energy flow per unit of area).<br />
Experiments
have shown the transfer function of this component (understood to be
the relation between an acoustic signal at the input and an acoustic
signal at the output) when the silencer is subjected to an
accidental-type acoustic signal, in static states and in air. The
silencer has been found to be a low-pass acoustic filter, equipped with
two resonances f1 and f2 (see Fig. 6).<br />
<br />
The attenuation of the acoustic
intensity to resonant frequencies f1 and f2 is obtained by means of the
Helmholtz resonator.<br />
It is known that in systems composed of
several weakly coupled components (silencer and resonator) the
(generally complex) resonant frequencies are divided and shifted along
the axis of the frequencies of a known range, so that one frequency is
higher and one is lower than the frequency of the unmodified system.<br />
Thus,
if a resonator is applied to a cavi<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFYs_f1kStIr1fUofHxVmR3jBI3VL2rXpYIQZKh5-G5O0FISSMUm7xd626EcDnh1n4K0hKsDO6M5tt4FX77sJuBaklpZ1X8LKyGUU8W3BklcGBOVG6jd2GyjYIDIcWQLSm9gHBbxxGrWI/s1600/IMGH_06297.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFYs_f1kStIr1fUofHxVmR3jBI3VL2rXpYIQZKh5-G5O0FISSMUm7xd626EcDnh1n4K0hKsDO6M5tt4FX77sJuBaklpZ1X8LKyGUU8W3BklcGBOVG6jd2GyjYIDIcWQLSm9gHBbxxGrWI/s1600/IMGH_06297.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ty (and tuned to have the same
natural frequency as an acoustic mode of the cavity), two new coupled
modes are produced whose natural frequencies are disposed on the sides
of the original frequency. The separation between the frequencies is
proportional to the value of the coupling parameter.<br />
To obtain
good results with this type of coupling it is necessary to optimize the
volume of the resonator in accordance with the volume of the cavity and
also the position of the resonator neck, which must be located near a
loop of the acoustic mode to be attenuated to a greater extent. It is
therefore necessary to apportion these parameters to obtain a reduction
of acoustic pressure at the starting frequency, whereby the reduction
should be considerable but not excessive so as not to be compensated by a
considerable increase of acoustic pressure to the two new frequencies
that will be produced.<br />
It is furthermore stressed that there is no
flow of gas through the resonator cavity. Since there is thus no
variation in the gas temperature due to the interpose<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitc1so-0ZgSjCAK9G5qlbN9qPluziWQ6_5UeaxZ-hfUQNEo69GGlKHhg5y3N672nqRYfyQ04vLF71Oa-XH5L1YCeAkg32ry3HRw2B0ed6nnTQgG8Jdj_GYpPTXBFw3lmsydFr5PiVoOpRM/s1600/IMGH_06291.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitc1so-0ZgSjCAK9G5qlbN9qPluziWQ6_5UeaxZ-hfUQNEo69GGlKHhg5y3N672nqRYfyQ04vLF71Oa-XH5L1YCeAkg32ry3HRw2B0ed6nnTQgG8Jdj_GYpPTXBFw3lmsydFr5PiVoOpRM/s1600/IMGH_06291.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>d cavity, the
efficiency characteristics of the thermodynamic cycle are maintained
unchanged.<br />
<br />
The gas entering the compressor and coming from the
inlet pipe is not dispersed in the casing to be then drawn into the
inlet pipe present in the compressor body, but is immediately
"intercepted" and directed toward the head without being allowed to
spread.<br />
For this purpose a silencer is designed and mounted for
guiding the path of the gas and connecting on one side the area facing
the gas entry port in the casing, and on the other side the inlet port
in the cylinder head. The separation which the flow of gas thus
undergoes and the particular path that develops achieve the result of
preventing the gas from overheating and of blocking the intake noise
within the pipe.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigH1yqGcpfkS-uKf1ZB5xmKJ1iQ_vxqP8gTjKMOaoDhvR9s0KvohX5e3jzG2NsgCOSNttSvzvOYH4e7YxFoT_sXFYvZ3P6esqot5wmWROS6eTTOGU90NexIdyDb2ecAauhGR6EI93ffii5/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigH1yqGcpfkS-uKf1ZB5xmKJ1iQ_vxqP8gTjKMOaoDhvR9s0KvohX5e3jzG2NsgCOSNttSvzvOYH4e7YxFoT_sXFYvZ3P6esqot5wmWROS6eTTOGU90NexIdyDb2ecAauhGR6EI93ffii5/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
The features of the invention are specified in the claims that follow.<br />
Referring to the figures we can see the following components: </li>
<li>1) compressor casing </li>
<li>2) compressor body </li>
<li>3) cylinder head </li>
<li>4) silencer, seen from its cover </li>
<li>5) expansion chamber of silencer </li>
<li>6) gas entry pipe into chamber 5 </li>
<li>7) gas admission port in inlet valve </li>
<li>8) gas outlet pipe from chamber 5 </li>
<li>9) outlet pipe to Helmholtz resonator Connected
to head 3 of the compressor cylinder is intake silencer 4 made of
plastic material, with gas entry port 6 and gas outlet pipe 8 from
chamber 5, followed by port 7 toward the gas inlet valve in the head.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAr-plduhVOGyBe2QFaNbcrtF3rTmsRs04mRRy4e_spia3T9h7xrRvuaH-WRuunHGkRcbpy_50lz8vaeiz9DqpYGg0oxycrwEm5Z46aNIduN319QwbR4mHU-6KidIq2FOvqZ1iAYVJsjgV/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-2.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAr-plduhVOGyBe2QFaNbcrtF3rTmsRs04mRRy4e_spia3T9h7xrRvuaH-WRuunHGkRcbpy_50lz8vaeiz9DqpYGg0oxycrwEm5Z46aNIduN319QwbR4mHU-6KidIq2FOvqZ1iAYVJsjgV/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-2.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
The cooling gas in pipe 6 enters chamber 5 inside silencer 4.<br />
The
silencer is interposed between the cavity inside the compressor casing
and the gas inlet pipe within cylinder head 3, and is substantially
L-shaped, whereby the greater side, widened at the center and virtually
box-shaped, contains expansion chamber 5 and gas admission pipe 6 into
the chamber, and the restriction of the lesser side constitutes gas
outlet pipe 8 from chamber 5.<br />
After the restriction the lesser
side leads first to gas admission hole 7 in the inlet valve and then to
outlet pipe 9 toward a Helmholtz resonator, consisting of a suitable
cavity formed within the compressor body.<br />
Expansion chamber 5 can
have different forms, but preferably has two substantially parallel
plane opposing walls and two curved opposing walls with the same
direction and with substantially the same angle of curvature.<br />
Chamber 5 can also have different forms provided that the following proportions are maintained between some critical dimensions.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZB5j80cd41murhaVmn5UhFj1jgLBgoKKzU3zsxXDlYkOwnR3S6kPLzbZJsd2wE-xUfFAW7sraZ5mOfibFxJ8fb57sMBoEtGexC5ESwil7Gep5Z0H-A3YhW26Ppw5c0Y-aEqCjnzLOKdgL/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-3.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZB5j80cd41murhaVmn5UhFj1jgLBgoKKzU3zsxXDlYkOwnR3S6kPLzbZJsd2wE-xUfFAW7sraZ5mOfibFxJ8fb57sMBoEtGexC5ESwil7Gep5Z0H-A3YhW26Ppw5c0Y-aEqCjnzLOKdgL/s1600/ELECTROLUX-OF1033A-INT-3.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
The ratio between the area of admission pipe 6 and the transverse section of chamber 5 must be approximately 0.03.<br />
Furthermore the length of cavity 5 must be approximately 34 mm.<br />
In
order to maintain the process of gas intake within an adiabatic change
(thereby preserving the cooling efficiency of the compressor), the
silencer is preferably made of plastic material.<br />
It is understood
that what has been said and shown with reference to the adjoined
drawings is intended only to exemplify the invention, and that numerous
variants and modifications may be produced without departing from the
present invention as defined in the claims.<br />
</li>
</div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The
compressor was originally designed by Bosch (Germany)<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><i>Verdichter
Oe </i></b> i</span>n Fürstenfeld, Austria., the largest producer of refrigeration
compressors in the world with an annual production of 21 million compressors in its seven
plants located in four continents.<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><i>Verdichter
Oe</i></b> </span><span style="color: #004000; font-size: small;">History</span></h2>
<table border="4" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1982</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Project initiated by the Zanussi Group for a factory near
Fürstenfeld, Austria, with the capacity of 1 million compressors per year. The name of
the factory, "Verdichter", is the German word for "compressor".</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1983</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of production in one shift</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1984</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of production in two shifts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1986</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Change of ownership (Electrolux
Group buys Zanussi)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1988</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of production in three shifts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1990</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Production decrease (Massacre on Tian'anmen Square, less
exports to China)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1994</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Restart of production in three shifts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1995</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of Flexible Shift System (including Saturday morning
shift)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1996</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of "Kappa" Project
(Development of a new generation of compressors)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1998</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Start of production 6 days x 24 hours a week</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" width="8%">1999</td>
<td align="left" width="92%">Enlargement of factory buildings for Kappa production line</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ELECTROLUX) IR023S Method of and apparatus for sealing tubes constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical conductivity:</b></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI1pvmvTdczik7LHYDr1PxXqF4Shv1nSXbZl2FNz5b-QObmhAeCe0OCGlf43N0pHW9LPMUSLrkqtgsNc2FPFz8LtLZVdbkLkX_yl1d10ViSqT4HdOPofBuOIRlSBhS-P5vY8DuC_0Ct1E/s1600/IMGH_05842.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI1pvmvTdczik7LHYDr1PxXqF4Shv1nSXbZl2FNz5b-QObmhAeCe0OCGlf43N0pHW9LPMUSLrkqtgsNc2FPFz8LtLZVdbkLkX_yl1d10ViSqT4HdOPofBuOIRlSBhS-P5vY8DuC_0Ct1E/s320/IMGH_05842.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>1. A method of welding
together pieces constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical
conductivity, wherein a piece to be welded is placed in contact with at
least one electrode of negative temperature coefficient, so as to
receive the heat energy which is developed therein when it is connected
to a source of electricity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the piece
or pieces to be welded together are placed in contact with a pair of
electrodes ol' negative temperature coeffici so as to establisll
electrical continuity between said electrodes and receive the energy
which is developed in these latter as a consequence of the establishment
of the electrical continuity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims,
wherein the electrodes are resiliently pressed on to the piece or
pieces. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims, wherein the welding is brazing. <br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims,
wherein the welding takes place as a result of plasticising.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
6. A method as claimed In Claim 4, which is used for
joining together elements of a refrigeration circuit, in particular a
capillary tube and a tube of greater diameter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
7. A method as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the tiie
tulle oi' greater diameter is previously deformed mechanically to
provide a seati ii# i'c,r the capillary tube, and to form a socket
region for receiving the brazing material <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. A method as claimed in Claim 4 and in one of the
remaining Claims, wherein, at least llnti ] the moment in which the
brazing material begins to melt, the intensity of the current
circulating through the electrodes is kept at a higher value than during
the time in which the electrodes are still maintained in contact witij
at least one of the pieces to be joined together. <br />
<br clear="all" />
9. A method as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the
intensity of the current circulating through the electrodes is decreased
for at least part of the time subsequent to the moment in which the
brazing material begins to melt, by connecting at least one resistive
component in series with the electrodes. <br />
<br clear="all" />
10. A method as claimed in Claim 5 and one or more
of the remaining claims, wllich is used for sealing a tube of a circuit
containing a fluid under pressure. <br />
<br clear="all" />
11. A method as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the
tube is meelBlically deformed on both sides of the weld before the weld
is made. <br />
<br clear="all" />
12. An apparatus for carrying out the method as
claimed in the preceding Claims, comprising at least one electrode ol'
negative temperature coefficient, and means for connecting it to a
source of electricity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
13. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 12, wherein the
means izor connecting it to the source of electricity comprise the
actual piece or pieces on which the electrode acts. <br />
<br clear="all" />
14. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 12 and/or 13,
comprisillg a pair of electrodes of~ negative temperature coefficient
which are mobile substantially in the same plane but in opposite
directions, and between which the piece or pieces, used as tlie
electrical connection means, are gripped <br />
<br clear="all" />
15. An apparatus as claimed in one or more of Claims
12 to 14, comprising a switch for connecting a resistive component I in
series with the electrodes. <br />
<br clear="all" />
16. An apparatus as cm aimed in Claim 15, wherein
the switch is controlled by a thermostat. <br />
<br clear="all" />
17. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 14, wherein at
least one electrode is mounted resiliently yieldable in a mobile
operating head wliicl, comprises at least one jaw for deforming the
piece, in particular for mechanically closing a tube.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
18. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 17, comprising
two mobile heads and control means for moving said heads.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
Method of and apparatus for welding together pieces constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical conductivity.<br />
This
invention relates to a method of welding together pieces constructed of
metals, which can be different, but which have high thermal and
electrical conductivity.<br />
Although the invention can be applied to
many fields, those of particular interest are a) joining a copper tube
to an aluminium tube, for example in the refrigeration circuit oi' a
domestic refrigerator, and b) sealing the copper tube through which the
refrigerant fluid is charged into the refrigeration circ<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI1pvmvTdczik7LHYDr1PxXqF4Shv1nSXbZl2FNz5b-QObmhAeCe0OCGlf43N0pHW9LPMUSLrkqtgsNc2FPFz8LtLZVdbkLkX_yl1d10ViSqT4HdOPofBuOIRlSBhS-P5vY8DuC_0Ct1E/s1600/IMGH_05842.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI1pvmvTdczik7LHYDr1PxXqF4Shv1nSXbZl2FNz5b-QObmhAeCe0OCGlf43N0pHW9LPMUSLrkqtgsNc2FPFz8LtLZVdbkLkX_yl1d10ViSqT4HdOPofBuOIRlSBhS-P5vY8DuC_0Ct1E/s320/IMGH_05842.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>uit of a
domestic refrigerator.<br />
In case a) , the copper tube can be the
capillary tube and alluminium tube the evaporator and/or the suction
tube of the compressor in the circuit. The capillary tube is that
element of the refrigeration circuit in which the (theoretically
isenthalpic) expansion occurs of the liquid refrigerating fluid whicli
leaves the condenser to then enter the evaporator. As the undercooling
of the capillary tube increases the useful effect of the refrigeration
circuit, it is usual to insert a portion of the capillary tube in said
suction tube.<br />
It is therefore necessary to make at least one joint
at the point in which the capillary tube enters the suction tube. A
further joint is usually necessary at the point in wliic the capillary
tube enters the evaporator, particularly if this latter is in the form
of a tubular coil. As it must be ensured that the refrigeration circuit
is absolutely hermetically sealed, the quality of the joints must be
excellent, in spite of the difficulties due to tulle fact that the two
pieces to be joined together are dii'ferent from each other, and have
such a high electrical conductivity that it is impossible to make the
joint by conventional resistance welding.<br />
<br />
Again with reference to
case a), a Jointing system is known which uses a short auxiliary copper
tube having an outer diameter intermediate between the diameter of the
capillary tube and the diameter of the aluminium tube. The capillary
tube passes through said auxiliary tube, and is joined to one end
thereof by torch brazing.<br />
The other end of the auxiliary tube is joined to the aluminium tube by further brazing or by pressure welding.<br />
<br />
This
jointing system is certainly of good quality, but is relatively
complicated and above all costly because of the copper construction of
said auxiliary tube. The absolute value of this cost is very high when,
in a modern industry, daily production amounts to several thousands of
refrigerators.<br />
<br />
With regard to case b), in the known method the
copper charging tube is firstly closed by mechanical deformation using a
clamp, and then, with the clamp applied, it is filled from its open end
with a brazing material melted by means of a torch. This method has the
disadvantage of not completely ensuring the opening of the welding
zone, requiring the use of specialised labour and involving the use of a
large quantity of brazing material when related to a daily production
of several thousands of refrigerators.<br />
The object of the present
invention is to provide a new welding method, in particular for joining a
copper capillary tube to an aluminium tube, and for closing the end of
t}ie charging tube of a refrigeration circuit, in which low cost and
simplicity of operation are attained together with excellent weld
quality.<br />
According to the method of the invention, a piece to be
welded is placed in contact with at least one electrode having a
negative temperature coefficient so as to recieve the heat energy
developed in it when it is connected to a source of electricity.<br />
In
a preferred embodiment of the method ac cordillar to the invention, he
piece or pieces to be welded together are placed in contact with a pair
of electrodes having a negative temperature coefficient so as to
establish electrical continuity between these electrodes and receive the
heat energy which is d<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI1pvmvTdczik7LHYDr1PxXqF4Shv1nSXbZl2FNz5b-QObmhAeCe0OCGlf43N0pHW9LPMUSLrkqtgsNc2FPFz8LtLZVdbkLkX_yl1d10ViSqT4HdOPofBuOIRlSBhS-P5vY8DuC_0Ct1E/s1600/IMGH_05842.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI1pvmvTdczik7LHYDr1PxXqF4Shv1nSXbZl2FNz5b-QObmhAeCe0OCGlf43N0pHW9LPMUSLrkqtgsNc2FPFz8LtLZVdbkLkX_yl1d10ViSqT4HdOPofBuOIRlSBhS-P5vY8DuC_0Ct1E/s320/IMGH_05842.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>eveloped in these latter as a consequence of
establishing electrical continuity.<br />
The term electrode having a
negative temperature coefficient" indicates an electrode, the electrical
resistallce of which decreases as the temperature increases.<br />
The
heat transmitted by the electrode or electrodes to the piece or pieces
melts the welding material in contact with the piece, or at least
transforms the piece into its plastic state so that, in this latter
case, it is sufficient for the electrodes to exert a low pressure on the
piece to form the weld.<br />
The apparatus which enables the method to
be carried out and is also part of the invention comprises at least one
electrode of negative temperature coefficient, and meals lor connecting
it to a source of electricity.<br />
In the preferred embodiment of the
apparatus, the mealls for connecting it to tulle source OS' electricity
comprise the actual piece or pieces on which the electrode is to act.<br />
In
the most advantageous embodinlent of the invention, the apparatus
comprises a pair of electrodes of Negative temperature coefficient,
which are mobile sub staiitially in the same plane but in opposite
directions, and between which are gripped the piece or pieces to be
welded, these latter being utilised as the electrical connectioii means.<br />
All
the characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be
apparent from the description given hereinafter (which, as a
non-limiting example of application of this method, relates both to
joining a copper capillary tube to an aluminium suction tube of the
refrigeration circuit oi a domestic refrigerator by brazil and to
sealing the end ol the charging' tube of such a refrigeration circuit)
and from the accompanying drawing, in which:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA9aRo-kU9mzs2u1TySC3ZQ2NfBCcNQ_ep8X3wDkObmVDWRVSbFWxMXjFsb-ZRO8y3wBDT7DWfEbqEsdaSrmHzIXRlynEFwfLt7INsh9B4vWwLxxljCXH0Z1r3W8STtBA07Iz0o7TSr-7Y/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-1__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA9aRo-kU9mzs2u1TySC3ZQ2NfBCcNQ_ep8X3wDkObmVDWRVSbFWxMXjFsb-ZRO8y3wBDT7DWfEbqEsdaSrmHzIXRlynEFwfLt7INsh9B4vWwLxxljCXH0Z1r3W8STtBA07Iz0o7TSr-7Y/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-1__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
: Figure 1 is a
sectional diagrammatic view, through their axes, of two tubes during the
operations involved in their joining; Figure 2 is a cross-section
through said tubes on the line Il-Il of Figure 1 after the joint has
been completed and the electrodes used have been removed; Figure 3 shows
the electrical circuit used for melting the brazing material; Figure 4
shows the variations in the current intensity through the suction tube
and its temperature adjacent to the electrodes during the joining by
brazing; Figure 5 is a side view of the apparatus for welding (sealing)
the charging tube of a refrigeration circuit; Figure 6 is a section on
the line VI-VI of Figure 5, and Figure 7 shows a portion of the charging
tube after its sealing.<br />
With reference to Figures 1 and 2, a
copper capillary tube 1 is inserted directly into a portion of an
aluminium tube 2, for example representing the tube which constitutes
the evaporator of a refrigeration circuit of a domestic refrigerator.
There is thus a first great financial advantage in eliminating the
aforesaid auxiliary copper tube. The aluminium tube 2 can have an outer
diameter of 10 mm (against the 2 mm of the capillary tube 1), and has
previously been mechanically deformed over a small portion 3 just after
the mouth 4 to provide a flare 5 and a double lobed section at said
portion 3 (see Fig. 2).<br />
The brazing material and its de-oxidising
agent are placed in the flare 5. These substances are indicated together
by the reference numeral 6. The brazing material tried by the applicant
in the example of the application of the method described here was the
alloy known commercially as "So) dwiiol 1 265" of Messrs. Degussa ( the
alloy carries the symbol L-CdZn 20, in accordance with D1N 1707). This
is a eutectic cadmium-zinc alloy with Hs.5es of cadmium and a melting
point of 266 C. The de-oxidising agent tried was wSoldaflux AL" of
Messrs.<br />
Degussa (carrying the symbol F-LW 3, in accordance with
DIN 8511), its action being effective over the temperature range of 200
to 300 C.<br />
According to the invention, the high conductivity of the
aluminium with which the tube 2 is made is utilised to melt the brazing
material. Thus the aforesaid technical and economical drawbacks due to
the use of torch brazing are obviated. For this purpose, an electrical
circuit (shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3) is constructed comprising the
terminals 7 and 8 which receive an alternating single phase current
from the secondary winding of a voltage step-down transformer (not
shown), supply cables 9 and 10, and a pair of electrodes 11 and 12 of a
material such as graphite which has a negative temperature coeffi cient.
By the Joule effect, the electrical energy at the electrodes 11 and 12
is transformed into heat which reaches the brazing material by
conduction through the tube 2.<br />
These electrodes are brought into
contact with the portion 3 of the tube 2 at the beginning of brazing.
ln the electrical circuit diagrai ot' Fig. 3, the electrodes are shown
as two variable resistor with the said reference numerals 11 and 12,
whereas the reference numeral 13 indicates the resistance, obviously of
extremely low value, of the tube 2 through which tulle circuit is made.<br />
The
circuit also comprises a switch 14 wlich, according to the control
signals which it <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI1pvmvTdczik7LHYDr1PxXqF4Shv1nSXbZl2FNz5b-QObmhAeCe0OCGlf43N0pHW9LPMUSLrkqtgsNc2FPFz8LtLZVdbkLkX_yl1d10ViSqT4HdOPofBuOIRlSBhS-P5vY8DuC_0Ct1E/s1600/IMGH_05842.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI1pvmvTdczik7LHYDr1PxXqF4Shv1nSXbZl2FNz5b-QObmhAeCe0OCGlf43N0pHW9LPMUSLrkqtgsNc2FPFz8LtLZVdbkLkX_yl1d10ViSqT4HdOPofBuOIRlSBhS-P5vY8DuC_0Ct1E/s320/IMGH_05842.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>receives from the regulator 15, can be shifted from
tulle contact 16 to the contact 17 to connect into the circuit a
secondary branch 18 which comprises a high ohmic resist or 19.<br />
The
reglll ator 15 can be any device able to cause said resistor 19 to be
connected in series with the electrodes 11 and 12 and tube 2 when the
brazing material has reached its melting point, so reducing the current
intensity l in the electrical circuit. In this respect, the applicant
has fouiid that this lives an energy saving because the absorbed power
of the circuit call be reduced by as much as 7596 during tlie second
brazing stage (i.e.<br />
when the switch 14 is closed on tlie contact
17) with respect to the first stage (i.e. when the switch 14 is closed
on the contact 16). Advantageously, said regulator 15 is a rapid
response thermostat, the sensor of which determines the temperature of
the aluminium tube 2 in the immediate vicinity of the point in which it
is joined to the capillary tube 1.<br />
However, the regulator 15 can
be in the form of a timer, provided it is known accurately after what
time from the beginning of the operation the timer must shift the switch
14 from the contact 16 to the contact 17 (on the basis of all accurate
trial run of the brazing operation).<br />
The variation in current
intensity I (measured in amperes) passing through the tube 2 during
brazing, and the variation in temperature in C of this tube ( which can
be sprayed with a conventional coolant after' brazing) shown in Figure 4
have been obtained by tests carried out by the applicant.<br />
After
the brazing material has melted, the electrodes 11 aiid 12 are removed
from contact with the portion 3 of the tube 2, so that it is possible to
remove this latter (now joined to the capillary tube 1) and proceed to a
further brazing operation. In Figure 1 the approach and withdrawal of
the tube electrodes are shown by arrows.<br />
Fiiially, it silould be
noted that in this example the el ectiodes do not exert any mechanical
deformation action on the pieces to be joined together ( the tubes 1 and
2 in tills example). Thus(also because of the fact that the material of
which the electrodes are made has a Ilegative tell1J#erature
coefficient, i.e.<br />
its electrical resistance decreases as its
temperature increases) the method described herein is conceptually the
opposite of collventional resistaiice welding of ferrous metals, which
have a relatively high thermal and electrical conductivity.<br />
The
advalltages of the method according to the present invention can be
suiirtriarised as follows: pieces made of materials of high electrical
and thermal conductivity can be joined together by brazing other than
torch brazing, and thus more simple to carry out and of much higher
reliability; the energy consumption can be considerably reduced by not
supplying excess energy when this is not required; in tlie particular
case of joining a capillary tube to an aluniinium tube, it is no longer
necessary to use an intermediate auxiliary tube.<br />
With reference to
Figures 5 to 7, which show the sealing of the tube for charging the
refrigeration circuit of a domestic refrigerator with refrigerant fluid,
the tube in question, constructed for example of copper, is indicated
by the reference numeral 100. It is welded to the casing 101 which
contains the compressor and its electrical drive motor (not shown), and
communicates with the casing interior.<br />
In order to introduce the
refrigerant fluid, a connector element 102 incorporating a non-return
valve 103 is mounted on the free end of tle tube 100 by well known
methods. Again by well known methods, a charging pistol is connected to
the connector element, and when operated causes pressurised refrigerant
fluid to flow into the circuit. After the charging operation, the pistol
is disconnected from the connector element, and the circuit then
contains pressurised refrigerant fluid which cannot escape because of
the non-return valve 103.<br />
The problem solved by the invention is
to properky seal the tube 100 after said charging operation, without
usi)ig welding material.<br />
According to the inventioll, the problem
is solved by causing localised plasticising or fusion of the charging
tube, mainly by the lleat given up by electrodes 104, 105 of negative
temperature coefficient, for example of graphite, which are moderately
pressed from opposing sides against the tube and thus cause permanent
sealing of the tube by welding as a result of the plasticising or fus
ioll .<br />
Advai)te(J;eousiy, to prevent the pressurised refrigerant
fluid iii the circuit from being able to escape through tlle passages
wllic}l can open up in the plasticising or fusion zone, the tube is
closed before welding and maintained closed during welding, by
mechanical deformation exerted in a zone between the electrodes 104, 105
and the casing 101, and optiollally also in a zone between the
electrodes and tulle free end of the charging tube.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHXItxIJpWDUgG02erU3vhegYY4Toj8trBb9qX35s7OWZeDjSYh_TFr2588bLodMwVgUkUPOgNjk92c66TvKUejC6Ea1QcRvCcpxCqY2twdlSTJfIKmo1sUB5rGkGJZte8NE6BVTmwnAM/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-2__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHXItxIJpWDUgG02erU3vhegYY4Toj8trBb9qX35s7OWZeDjSYh_TFr2588bLodMwVgUkUPOgNjk92c66TvKUejC6Ea1QcRvCcpxCqY2twdlSTJfIKmo1sUB5rGkGJZte8NE6BVTmwnAM/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-2__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
The said
operations are carried out by the device shown in Figures 5 to 7,
comprising electrodes 104, 105 and means for localised temporary
mechanical closure of the tube.<br />
Tulle device in question comprises
a pair of levers 106, 107 rotatable about their pivots 108, 109, and
supported at their ends in a pair of parallel fixed side plates 110.<br />
Each
lever 106, 107 comprises at one end a working head 111 in which the
electrode 104, 105 is disposed, and at the other end a roller 112 which,
urged by springs 113, 114, is kept in contact with the end of a rod 115
of a piston 116. This piston is slidably mounted in a cylinder 117, and
on one of its ends there acts a return spring 118 and on the other end
there acts a pressurised fluid fed for example through a solenoid valve,
not shown.<br />
The end part 119 of the rod 115 is conical so that
when the pressurised fluid is fed into the cylinder 117, the consequent
movement of the piston 116 in the direction of the arrow A causes the
levers 106, 107 to rotate in such a direction as to cause the working
heads 111 to approach each other.<br />
These heads comprise a fork
structure with a pair of anns 12(), 121, the purpose of which is to
deform the tube 100 at tlie two sides of the electrodes 104, 105 wheii
the rod 115 is moved in the direction of the arrow A.<br />
Each
electrode 104, 105 is removably housed in a dovetail cavity 122 provided
in a partly slotted metal block 123, with ducts 124 for the passage of
cooling water ied through flexible hoses, not shown. Tlie block 123 is
provided witlj a shank 125 of polyg'oiiai or square crosssection
slidable in a bore of correspolldillg cross-section provided in tlie
crosspiece 126 of tlse fork structure. The shank 125 comprises a head
127 against which a compression spring 128 acts,<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXydlv1yGlXrV09m8ZOklBwFLkZq8SjqxIEC-eRMn0ppobtZsZdtvmfUJGnkg-gTC3QOZeP8SE2kBVIdD5wLe1n-tphAJico1WPSQOgO47glSeSp51huVauSZFwsIFiP_KbDSjwv-oe9MD/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-3__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXydlv1yGlXrV09m8ZOklBwFLkZq8SjqxIEC-eRMn0ppobtZsZdtvmfUJGnkg-gTC3QOZeP8SE2kBVIdD5wLe1n-tphAJico1WPSQOgO47glSeSp51huVauSZFwsIFiP_KbDSjwv-oe9MD/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-3__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
its other end resting against a wall 129 rigid with the fork structure.<br />
In
the device concerned, the electrical circuit extends from the terminals
B and C of an electricity source, through the electrodes 104, 105 and
through the tube 100, when this latter is in contact with the
electrodes.<br />
The tube and electrodes are therefore in series when
the device operates. The circuit is opened when the electrodes 104, 105
withdraw from the tube 100 following the return of the rod 115. Thus the
welding operation, which will be discussed in greater detail
hereinafter, can be controlled by the operator by operating the valve
(e.g. a three-way valve) associated with the cylinder 117.<br />
Operation
is as follows: The two heads 111 are initially spaced apart from each
other to allow the insertion of the tube 100 to be sealed (welded). When
the tube is dosed between the heads, the operator feeds fluid under
pressure to the cylinder 117. The rod 115 moves in the direction of the
arrow A, the levers 106, 107 rotate about the pivots 108, 109, and the
heads 111 approacl# the tube 100. The electrodes 104, 105 firstly touch
the tube at the point N, but electricity is not as yet fed to the
electrical circuit, even though this is ready to receive it.<br />
The
arms 120, 121 tlien act on the tube to deform it and close it
mechanically in two zones K and M to tlie sides of the welding point N,
this point being where the electrodes act.<br />
The connector element 102 caii not be removed.<br />
Electricity
is now fed to the terminals B, C (e.g. by means of a contact) and flows
in<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI1pvmvTdczik7LHYDr1PxXqF4Shv1nSXbZl2FNz5b-QObmhAeCe0OCGlf43N0pHW9LPMUSLrkqtgsNc2FPFz8LtLZVdbkLkX_yl1d10ViSqT4HdOPofBuOIRlSBhS-P5vY8DuC_0Ct1E/s1600/IMGH_05842.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI1pvmvTdczik7LHYDr1PxXqF4Shv1nSXbZl2FNz5b-QObmhAeCe0OCGlf43N0pHW9LPMUSLrkqtgsNc2FPFz8LtLZVdbkLkX_yl1d10ViSqT4HdOPofBuOIRlSBhS-P5vY8DuC_0Ct1E/s320/IMGH_05842.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a> the circuit which is closed through the electrodes 104, 1()5 and
tube 100. The electrodes 104, 105 progressively increase in temperature
and thus heat point N to a sufficient extent to transform it into its
plastic or partly molten state so that the small pressure wlsich the
electrodes exert on the tube (by virtue of the springs 128) is
sufficiei,# to produce deformation and corlsequent welding (when the
opposing sides of the tube come into contact with each other).<br />
On
termination of welding (sealing), the operator unloads the cylinder 117,
the two heads 111 withdraw from the tube and as the circuit is broken
the electricity no longer traverses the electrodes 104, 105, which
therefore cease to heat up.<br />
The apparatus is thus ready for a new working cycle.<br />
The
present invention covers any other field of application of the
described method, comprising the joining together of more than two
pieces and the utilisation of the conductivity of all or some of the
metals of which the pieces are constructed, to perform the welding, i.e.
the fusion of the brazing materials.<br />
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> REX (ELECTROLUX) IR023S , Device for inspecting the heat insulation of household appliances, more particularly refrigerators:</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>1. In a plant for
manufacturing a product including insulation material, said plant
including means for forming the insulation material by foaming a
polyurethane or similar material, thereby causing an exothermic
reaction, and transport means for moving the product through said plant
during the manufacture thereof, the improvement comprising means for
inspecting the insulation characteristics of the insulation material,
said inspecting means comprising: <br />
thermographic means to be
directed toward the product for, during said foaming, detecting a heat
image of said insulation material as a function of said exothermic
reaction and for generating detected coded data representative thereof; <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
processing and control means containing reference coded data
representative of a heat image of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics and operatively connected to said
thermographic means for receiving said detected coded data therefrom,
for comparing said detected coded data with said reference coded data,
and for generating coded response data as a function of such comparison;
and <br />
said processing and control means being operatively
connected to said transport means for controlling the operation of said
transport means as a function of said coded response data.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
2. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
processing and control means contains plural reference coded data
representative of heat images of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics of respective different products, and further
comprising input means operatively connected to said processing and
control means for selecting a respective said reference coded data
corresponding to a particular product to be manufactured.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
3. The improvement claimed in claim 1, further
comprising a monitor connected to said processing and control means for
visually displaying said detected heat image. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
thermographic means is capable of orientation toward plural different
areas of the product. <br />
<br clear="all" />
5. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
transport means comprises a conveyor for moving products through said
plant, and further comprising an auxiliary conveyor for conveying
defective products, said processing and control means causing said
conveyor or said auxiliary conveyor to operate as a function of said
coded response data being respectively within or without a predetermined
range. <br />
<br clear="all" />
6. The improvement claimed in claim 1, further
comprising at least one additional thermographic means, and means for
selectively switching said thermographic means and said at least one
additional thermographic means into and out of operative connection with
said processing and control means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
7. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
thermographic means is connected to said processing and control means by
an interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. The improvement claimed in claim 7, wherein said
thermographic means further is connected to said processing and control
means by an analog/digital converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
9. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
processing and control means is connected to said transport means by an
interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
10. The improvement claimed in claim 9, wherein said
processing and control means further is connected to said transport
means by a digital/analog converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
11. An inspecting device, for use in a plant for
manufacturing a product including insulation mat<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s1600/IMGH_05836.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s320/IMGH_05836.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>erial, said plant
including means for forming the insulation material by forming a
polyurethane or similar material, thereby causing an exothermic
reaction, and transport means for moving the product through the plant
during the manufacture thereof, means for inspecting the insulation
characteristics of the insulation material, said inspecting means
comprising:
thermographic means to be directed toward the product
for, during the foaming operation, detecting a heat image of the
insulation material as a function of said exothermic reaction and for
generating detected coded data representative thereof; <br />
processing and control means containing reference coded data
representative of a heat image of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics and operatively connected to said
thermographic means for receiving said detected coded data therefrom,
for comparing said detected coded data with said reference coded data,
and for generating coded response data as a function of such comparison;
and <br />
said processing and control means including means to be
operatively connected to the transport means for controlling the
operation of the transport means as a function of said coded response
data.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
12. A device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said
processing and control means contains plural reference coded data
representative of heat images of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics of respective different products, and further
comprising input means operatively connected to said processing and
control means for selecting a respective said reference coded data
corresponding to a particular product to be manufactured.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
13. A device as claimed in claim 11, further
comprising a monitor connected to said processing and control means for
visually displaying said detected heat image. <br />
<br clear="all" />
14. A device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said
thermographic means is capable of orientation toward plural different
areas of the product. <br />
<br clear="all" />
15. A device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said
thermographic means is connected to said processing and control means by
an interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
16. A device as claimed in claim 15, wherein said
thermographic means further is connected to said processing and control
means by an analog/digital converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
17. A device as claimed in claim 11, further
comprising an interface for connecting said processing and control means
to the transport means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
18. A device as claimed in claim 17, further
comprising a digital/analog converter for further connecting said
processing and control means to the transport means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
19. A device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the
transport means comprises a conveyor for moving products through said
plant and auxiliary conveyor for conveying defective products, and said
processing and control means causes the conveyor or the auxiliary
conveyor to operate as a function of said coded response data being
respectively within or without a predetermined range.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
20. A device as claimed in claim 11, further
comprising at least one additional thermographic means, and means for
selectively switching said thermographic means and said at least one
additional thermographic means into and out of operative connection with
said processing and control means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
21. In a process for manufacturing a product<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s1600/IMGH_05836.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s320/IMGH_05836.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>
including insulation material, said process including forming the
insulation material by foaming a polyurethane or similar material,
thereby causing an exothermic reaction, and moving said product by
transport means during the manufacture thereof, the improvement
comprising inspecting the insulation characteristics of said insulation
material, said inspecting comprising:
directing thermographic means
toward said product and thereby, during said foaming, detecting a heat
image of said insulation material as a function of said exothermic
reaction and for generating detected coded data representative thereof; <br />
providing processing and control means containing reference coded data
representative of a heat image of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics; <br />
delivering said detected coded data
from said thermographic means to said processing and control means and
therein comparing said detected coded data with said reference coded
data and generating coded response data as a function of such
comparison; and <br />
controlling the operation of said transport means as a function of said coded response data.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
22. The improvement claimed in claim 21, comprising
provided said processing and control means with plural reference coded
data representative of heat images of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics of respective different products, and
inputting to said processing and control means a selected respective
said reference coded data corresponding to a particular product to be
manufactured. <br />
<br clear="all" />
23. The improvement claimed in claim 21, further
comprising visually displaying said detected heat image on a monitor
connected to said processing and control means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
24. The improvement claimed in claim 21, further
comprising orienting said thermographic means toward plural different
areas of said product. <br />
<br clear="all" />
25. The improvement claimed in claim 21, wherein
said transport means comprises a conveyor for moving products and an
auxiliary conveyor for conveying defective products, and further
comprising causing said processing and control means to operate said
conveyor or said auxiliary conveyor as a function of said coded response
data being respectively within or without a predetermined range.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
26. The improvement claimed in claim 21, further
comprising providing at least one additional thermographic means, and
selectively switching said thermographic means and said at least one
additional thermographic means into and out of operative connection with
said processing and control means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
27. The improvement claimed in claim 21, comprising
connecting said thermographic means to said processing and control means
by an interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
28. The improvement claimed in claim 27, further
comprising connecting said thermographic means to said processing and
control means by an analog/digital converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
29. The improvement claimed in claim 21, comprising
connecting said processing and control means to said transport means by
an interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
30. The improvement claimed in claim 29, further
comprising connecting said processing and control means to said
transport means by a digital/analog converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
31. The improvement claimed in claim 21, wherein
said product is a household appliance and said insulation material is
thermal insulation. <br />
<br clear="all" />
32. The improvement claimed in claim 31, wherein said product is a refrigerator. <br />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION<br />
The invention
relates to a device for inspecting the heat insulation of household
appliances, more particularly refrigerators, such device being capable
of detecting immediately and in a simple manner any deficiencies in the
heat insulation during the manufacture of the appliances. <br />
Nowadays,
the mass production of a household appliance such as a refrigerator
comprises the prefabrication of the body thereof in the form of a metal
cabinet which is of substantially parallelepipedal shape and is open on
its front side, and of a plastic cell of traditional type dimensioned to
fit within such cabinet so as to define therewith an intervening space
adapted to receive heat insulation. <br />
The body, in turn, is
provided with suitable fixtures for the attachment of a closure door on
the front side of the cabinet, such door likewise being of
parallelepipedal shape and comprising an outer metal covering and an
inner door of plastic material, which elements can be fitted together so
as to define an intermediate space adapted to receive heat insulation. <br />
In
practice, each door of the refrigerator is made separately from the
corresponding body and each of these components is then transported
separately by means known per se on a conveyor belt of an assembly line
for carrying out processing steps adapted to produce, one after the
other, the heat insulation of the body and of the door, as well as the
assembling of the body with the door and with other operating components
of the refrigerator. <br />
In particular, this heat insulation is
obtained by means of polyurethane materials which are known per se, and
the liquid components of which are injected separately by traditional
apparatus provided along the conveyor belt involved within the
corresponding intermediate spaces in the body and the door, in which
spaces such components polymerize (so-called foaming operation) and
spread out in such a manner as to occupy all of such intermediate
spaces. <br />
In order to be able to carry out the foaming operations
of the refrigerators satisfactorily, without defects being present in
the heat insulation of such appliances, it is necessary that the
equipment involved be caused to operate under the same operating and
environmental conditions throughout the foaming operation and,
furthermore, that the areas of injection of the bodies and doors of the
respective refrigerators permit the effective penetration of the
polyurethane material into the respective intermediate spaces of the
bodies and doors. <br />
In practice, however, such equipment is subject
to operating and environmental conditions which at times vary during
the foaming of the appliances in question, while the areas of injection
of the polyurethane material themselves can, at times, have structural
defects such as partly to prevent the penetration and proper
distribution of the material throughout the above-described spaces. <br />
Accordingly,
under such conditions, defects may appear in the heat insulation of the
refrigerators, due primarily to the presence of areas which are without
polyurethane material (continuous and non-continuous holes) and areas
in which such material is not completely polymerized (so-called
"exhausted foam"), which defects result in a decrease of the insulating
power of the layer of material and, in certain cases, even in the
formation of heat bridges which significantly impair the functionality
of the product. <br />
At the present time, the presence of any defects
of this type in the heat insulation of refrigerators is detected by the
workers during the manufacture of these appliances by means of a number
of visual and manual inspections in the areas of the appliances
themse<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ7cb6cJYdHP-ALhyphenhyphenEvOqEEmVBx1HG08UkBS_jb2vJLOl5_DXT7BIXkszf262CLzyJ8h97yv2ZigvDw1MfATxHkTHPswDeGI0zCUJCcMywJl_ALqoGeLLJcGVIodsn5L7J4bvwAFpiAqgs/s1600/IMGH_05838.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ7cb6cJYdHP-ALhyphenhyphenEvOqEEmVBx1HG08UkBS_jb2vJLOl5_DXT7BIXkszf262CLzyJ8h97yv2ZigvDw1MfATxHkTHPswDeGI0zCUJCcMywJl_ALqoGeLLJcGVIodsn5L7J4bvwAFpiAqgs/s320/IMGH_05838.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>lves in which such defects are most likely to be located. <br />
While,
on the one hand, this type of inspection makes it possible to single
out practically all appliances that have defects located in areas which
are directly noticeable from the outside, so that it is possible to
discard such defective appliances or to perform operations thereon aimed
at eliminating the defects found, this method is not, on the other
hand, completely reliable in that it does not enable one to accurately
examine the entire structure of the heat insulation and thus to single
out any defective areas which are found in the insulation itself or
which are difficult to locate by the inspections indicated above.<br />
<br />
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION<br />
Therefore,
it would be desirable, and this is the object of the present invention,
to provide for a device for inspecting the heat insulation or
insulation characteristics of household appliances such as
refrigerators, which device can immediately and automatically detect the
possible presence of defects of any kind and size in the insulation
during the production stages of these appliances, thereby obtaining a
thorough check of all the appliances manufactured and making it possible
to eliminate, or possibly repair, defective appliances. <br />
This
inspection device is essentially based on the use of at least one
traditional thermographic apparatus for detecting the images produced by
the heat insulation of the refrigerators as well as comparing the coded
data obtained by such apparatus with other coded data corresponding to
optimal functional conditions of the heat insulation, so that from such
comparison the presence of any defects of the insulation can be detected
immediately. <br />
This technique of detecting thermographic images is
used at present in combination with any preexisting type of heat
insulation and provides for the detection by the thermographic apparatus
of heat radiation passing through the insulation and produced by a
suitable separate heat source. <br />
The thermographic images thus
produced are visible on the screen of a monitor associated with the
apparatus and produce colors of different intensity, depending on the
defective areas and on the areas with different densities of the heat
insulation. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s1600/IMGH_05836.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s320/IMGH_05836.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><br />
The present inspection system, however, makes it
possible to point out the heat images of the insulation by utilizing the
thermal radiation produced by the insulation during its foaming as a
result of the corresponding chemical reaction, rather than that produced
by a separate heat source as in the past. <br />
These and other
objects are achieved, in accordance with the invention, by means of a
device for inspecting the heat insulation of household appliances, more
particularly refrigerators, which can be used in combination with a
plant for the manufacture of such appliances and including means for the
foaming of the heat insulation of the appliances by use of polyurethane
or similar materials as well as means for the transportation of the
appliances. The device includes at least one thermographic apparatus
associated with any monitor of traditional type in order to detect the
thermographic images of the insulation. <br />
The inspection device
also includes at least one control and processing unit known per se
containing a series of coded reference data corresponding to the correct
production of the heat insulation of each type of household appliance
to be produced. The control and processing unit is connected to the
thermographic apparatus, to the conveyor means and to at least one input
unit known per se for selecting the coded reference data corresponding
to the model of household appliance which is to be produced in order to
input such coded data into the control and processing unit with the
object of comparing it with the coded data supplied by the thermographic
apparatus and corresponding to the thermographic images detected
thereby, in the presence of the exothermic reaction of the material of
the heat insulation during its foaming. The control and processing unit
supplies, as a result of such comparison, coded response data adapted to
control the conveyor means.<br />
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING<br />
Other
aspects of the invention will become more apparent from the ensuing
description given solely by way of non-limiting example, reference being
had to the accompanying drawing which diagrammatically shows the
inspection device of the invention used in combination with a
traditional manufacturing plant for household refrigerators.<br />
<br />
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION<br />
Now,
with reference to the drawing, it shows the present device for
inspecting the heat insulation of household appliances, in the present
example refrigerators, which can be assembled in a manufacturing plant
comprising at least one traditional apparatus <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>1 for the foaming of heat
insulation by means of polyurethane or similar materials, and also
comprising a transport means such as a conveyor belt 2 of known
construction. Conveyor belt 2, in particular, can be driven with a
continuous forward motion by drive mechanisms known per se denoted
diagrammatically by the reference numeral 3, so as to permit the
transportation and assembly of the various elements constituting each
refrigerator, that is to say, the body 4 and the door 5. <br />
Each
body 4 is formed, as in the prior art, of a metal cabinet 6 which is of a
substantially parallelepipedal shape and has dimensions which may vary
from one appliance model to the next, cabinet 6 being open on its front
side and being adapted to contain a plastic cell 7 of traditional type
dimensioned such as to fit perfectly within cabinet 6, in order to
define therewith an intermediate space 8 in which the heat insulation is
foamed. <br />
Each door 5, in turn, is also of parallelepipedal shape
and is formed of an outer metal covering 9 and an inner door 10 of
plastic, the shapes of both being adapted to each other so as to define
an intermediate space 11 into which the heat insulation is foamed. <br />
As
an alternative, the transportion and assembly of the constituent parts
of each refrigerator could also be effected by at least one fully
automated production line, comprising any possible manipulators 12 or
similar apparatus of known construction. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ7cb6cJYdHP-ALhyphenhyphenEvOqEEmVBx1HG08UkBS_jb2vJLOl5_DXT7BIXkszf262CLzyJ8h97yv2ZigvDw1MfATxHkTHPswDeGI0zCUJCcMywJl_ALqoGeLLJcGVIodsn5L7J4bvwAFpiAqgs/s1600/IMGH_05838.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ7cb6cJYdHP-ALhyphenhyphenEvOqEEmVBx1HG08UkBS_jb2vJLOl5_DXT7BIXkszf262CLzyJ8h97yv2ZigvDw1MfATxHkTHPswDeGI0zCUJCcMywJl_ALqoGeLLJcGVIodsn5L7J4bvwAFpiAqgs/s320/IMGH_05838.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>The inspection device
incorporating the invention is essentially comprised of at least one
traditional thermographic apparatus 13, such as a pyroelectric
television camera, a pyrometer or similar sensor adapted to detect heat
images of the heat insulation so as directly to evaluate the condition
thereof, utilizing the exothermic reaction of the material of such
insulation during its foaming. <br />
Preferably, the spectral
sensitivity of the television camera or of the sensor in question will
be within the region of infrared radiation, with wavelengths equal to
those of transparency of the plastic materials used for the construction
of the refrigerator bodies and doors, in order to be able to obtain
heat images with good definition of the insulation. Such thermographic
apparatus, in particular, is connected to an electric power supply and
is arranged alongside the heat insulation of the refrigerators located
on the conveyor belt 2. <br />
Furthermore, such apparatus can be
oriented in different positions with respect to the body and door of
each refrigerator so as to be able selectively and accurately to check
all those areas of the heat insulation of these constituent parts which
have the greatest probability of being defective during manufacture. <br />
As
will be apparent from the drawing, the apparatus in question detects
the heat images by being aimed exclusively at the respective parts of
the body and door of plastic or other material with medium or low heat
conductivity in which there is the minimum distribution of heat on the
surface as compared with what takes place in the case of metal surfaces.
<br />
In addition, the present inspection device comprises at least
one control and processing unit 14 made up of a microcomputer, a
personal computer or some other processing apparatus of known
construction, such unit being connected to the thermographic apparatus
13 by at least one interface 15 and an analog/digital converter 16 of
known construction. <br />
In the control and processing unit 14 there<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>
has been previously stored data coded in digital form corresponding to
reference thermal maps of the heat insulation of each model of
refrigerator which is to be manufactured. <br />
In particular, each
thermal map is obtained experimentally on a series of models of
refrigerators and corresponds to a condition under which the heat
insulation of such appliances is produced properly, without the presence
of defective areas and under pre-established operating and
environmental conditions. <br />
Moreover, control and processing unit
14 is possibly connected to at least one monitor 17 of traditional type
for the visual display of the thermographic images of the heat
insulation detected by the thermographic apparatus described earlier,
and it is also connected to at least one input unit 18 made up of a
keyboard or other peripheral equipment of known construction (e.g., bar
code readers). <br />
The purpose of the input unit 18 is to select
coded data corresponding to the reference thermal map relative to the
model of refrigerator (or other household appliance) which is to be
produced, in order to input such coded data into the control and
processing unit 14 so that said such reference thermal map can be
compared therein with the thermal map found on each refrigerator
manufactured by the procedure described hereinafter. <br />
Furthermore,
the input unit 18 makes possible the introduction of further reference
thermal maps in coded form into the control and processing unit 14,
whenever other models of refrigerators (or other household appliances)
are produced. <br />
In this way, as soon as the thermographic apparatus
13 finds or determines a thermographic image of the area to be checked
of the heat insulation of the refrigerator body or door during the
course of production thereof, which image is visible to the operator on
the monitor 17, if provided, thermographic apparatus 13 produces data
coded in analog form which corresponds to such image and which is
converted into digital form by the analog/digital converter 16 and sent
to the control and processin<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s1600/IMGH_05836.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsFbRD9aWseXBz4jFcouj98mJc6oq80yhe6KOSONxHHJDvzCy6m_Ej08b4Uf8fmdBgxJjW5PY9ehHD-fEaF_9v66qn2Q6DWMdJRMufXYUtOG8emTGc008R6r4uOqZ-ETnbmSxLcxNL2AGq/s320/IMGH_05836.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>g unit 14. This coded data is then compared
in the unit 14 with the coded data corresponding to the relevant
reference thermal map previously stored in unit 14 in order thereby to
be able to verify whether the heat insulation in question has been
produced properly and is without manufacturing defects that could reduce
its insulating power. <br />
In practice, if such comparison shows
minimum differences between the corresponding coded data of the heat
image found or determined and the reference map in question, which
differences are, however, within a preestablished range of tolerance
corresponding to the proper production of the heat insulation, then the
control and processing unit 14 proceeds to process corresponding coded
response data in digital form, which may be converted into analog form
by a digital/analog converter 19 and sent to an interface 20 adapted to
control the drive mechanisms 3 and thereby to cause the conveyor belt 2
to move forward. <br />
Accordingly, under these circumstances, the assembling of the refrigerator which has thus been inspected can be completed. <br />
Conversely,
if the comparison between such coded data shows differences that do not
fall within the specified range of tolerance, the control and
processing unit 14 proceeds to process corresponding response data which
are adapted to control, by the same procedures described earlier,
another drive mechanism 21 which is associated with an auxiliary
conveyor belt 22 so as to enable repair work to be performed on the
defects found, for instance further foaming of the heat insulation or,
if this is not possible, transporting the defective appliances for
scrapping or replacement. <br />
Similarly, if the refrigerator
manufacturing plant consists of mechanical manipulators 12 or other
apparatus for automatic assembly instead of conveyor belts, the control
and processing unit 14 proceeds to control such manipulators under the
same criteria and for the same purposes as described above. Therefore,
the inspection device of the invention makes it possible to find in a
simple, immediate and automatic manner any defect in the heat insulation
of the appliances produced, thereby achieving a complete inspection of
all the appliances and the maximum degree of reliability of the plant
for their manufacture, and furthermore permitting the elimination or
repair of defective appliances. <br />
The present inspection device
can, of course, also be combined with plants for the manufacture of
products other than those described herein, for instance for producing
slabs of acoustic or thermal insulating materials, etc., their essential
characteristics being that they develop an exothermic reaction during
manufacture. <br />
Finally, it should be pointed out th<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>at the
inspection device of the invention can also be provided with further
thermographic apparatus 13 which can be switched selectively with the
control and processing unit 14 by means known per se (e.g., a
multiplexer or the like) and arranged along different areas of the heat
insulation of one or more appliances during the course of manufacture
thereof. </div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<u><b>Electrolux AB History:</b></u><br />
<br />
Electrolux AB operates as the largest appliance manufacturer in the
world with customers in more than 150 countries. The company
manufactures a variety of household appliances including refrigerators,
washing machines, dishwashers, ovens, vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers, and
chain saws. The firm also manufactures professional foodservice and
laundry equipment used by hotels, restaurants, and laundromats.
Electrolux's brand arsenal includes its namesake, along with Eureka,
AEG, Frigidaire, Kelvinator, Zanussi, Flymo, Weed Eater, and Husqvarna.
In 2001, the firm held the leading market position in North America,
Europe, Latin America, and Australia. Electrolux completed a major
restructuring effort in 1999, which left it positioned with two main
business segments: Consumer Durables and Professional Products. In 2000,
the company purchased the rights to market the Electrolux brand in the
United States--the company had sold the brand along with its U.S.
floor-care business in 1969.<br />
<br />
<b>Key Dates:</b><br />
<br />
1919:<br />
Lux and Elektromekaniska merge to form Aktiebolaget Elektrolux. <br />
1921:<br />
The Lux V vacuum cleaner is introduced. <br />
1925:<br />
The company acquires Arctic, an absorption refrigerator manufacturer. <br />
1956:<br />
Axel Wenner-Gren sells his stake in the firm to Wallenberg, a Swedish finance group. <br />
1957:<br />
The company changes the spelling of its name to Electrolux. <br />
1962:<br />
ElektroHelios, a Scandinavian market leader in compressor refrigerators and freezers, is acquired. <br />
1967:<br />
Hans Werthén is named president. <br />
1974:<br />
Electrolux purchases United States-based Eureka. <br />
1984:<br />
Zanussi, an Italian household appliance manufacturer, is acquired. <br />
1997:<br />
Michael Treschow is named president and CEO; a major restructuring effort is launched. <br />
2000:<br />
The company buys the rights to the Electrolux brand in North America. <br />
2002:<br />
Treschow leaves to head up Ericsson; Hans Straberg is named his successor. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<u><i>Beginnings in Vacuum Cleaners</i></u><br />
<br />
The Electrolux empire originated with the perspicacity and marketing
flair of Axel Wenner-Gren, who spotted the potential of the mobile
vacuum cleaner only a few years after its invention by Englishman H.C.
Booth in 1901. In 1910 the young Wenner-Gren bought a part share in the
European agent of a U.S. company producing one of the early vacuum
cleaners, the clumsy Santo Staubsauger. After a couple of years as a
Santo salesman for the German-based agent, Wenner-Gren sold his share of
the company and returned to Sweden, where the building blocks for the
future Electrolux, Lux and Elektromekaniska AB, were already in place.<br />
<br />
Sven Carlstedt had formed Elektromekaniska in 1910 to manufacture motors
for a vacuum cleaner based on the Santo, which was produced by Swedish
engineer Eberhardt Seger. Since its founding in 1901, Lux had
manufactured kerosene lamps. Now confronted with a shrinking market
owing to the introduction of electric lighting, Lux head, C.G. Lindblom,
proposed to Sven Carlstedt that the two companies form a joint venture
for the production and marketing of a new vacuum cleaner.<br />
<br />
In 1912 Wenner-Gren became the agent for the Lux 1 vacuum cleaner in
Germany, subsequently taking on the United Kingdom and France. Over the
next few years Wenner-Gren's role in the company grew, and the machine
gradually became lighter and more ergonomic. Wenner-Gren foresaw a
potential sales bonanza in Europe after the end of World War I.
Initially unable to persuade his colleagues to step up production
capacity, he overcame their reluctance by guaranteeing a minimum sales
figure through his own sales company, Svenska Elektron (later known as
Finans AB Svetro).<br />
<br />
Lux and Elektromekaniska merged in 1919 as Aktiebolaget Elektrolux (the
spelling was changed to Electrolux in 1957). Wenner-Gren became
president and a major shareholder of the new company. In 1921 the Lux V
was introduced. This new model resembled a modern cylindrical vacuum
cleaner, but it glided along the floor on ski-like runners instead of
wheels. The Lux V was to present serious competition to the upright
Hoover machines in the 1920s.<br />
<br />
The convenience and attractive styling of its product helped to get the
new company off to a promising start, but the salesmanship of
Electrolux's president probably played an even bigger part. Wenner-Gren
was a great believer in the door-to-door sales techniques already
espoused by competitors such as Hoover in the United States. Vacuum
cleaners were demonstrated to potential customers in their own homes,
and buyers were allowed to pay for their machines in installments.
Wenner-Gren knew how to get the best out of his sales force.<br />
<br />
To today's sales managers, sales training, competitions, and slogans
like "Every home an Electrolux home" are familiar methods of boosting
sales, but when Wenner-Gren introduced them they were revolutionary. He
also believed in leading from the front. The story of how he sold a
vacuum cleaner to the Vatican is part of company mythology. Four
competitors demonstrated their machines first, each vacuuming their
allocated area of carpet. When Wenner-Gren's turn came, instead of
vacuuming the fifth area, he went over the first four again. The
resultant bagful of dust persuaded the pope to add his palace to the
growing number of Electrolux homes. Advertising, too, was imaginative.
Not only did Electrolux make extensive use of the press, but in the late
1920s, citizens of Stockholm, Berlin, and London were liable to
encounter bizarre vacuum cleaner-shaped cars in the streets.<br />
<br />
Bizarre or not, the sales methods worked, and the company grew.
Throughout the 1920s, new sales companies sprang up, not only all over
Europe but also in the United States in 1924, Australia in 1925, and
South America. Many of these were financed by Wenner-Gren himself rather
than by Electrolux in Sweden. Vacuum cleaner manufacturing plants also
started to open overseas, first in Berlin in 1926 and a year later in
Luton, England, and Courbevoie, France.<br />
<br />
By 1928 Electrolux had sales of SKr 70 million. It had five
manufacturing plants, 350 worldwide offices, and 20 subsidiaries. In
spite of this geographic expansion, the company was often short of
funds, in part because of the system of payment by installments. It
became clear that further growth would require increased capital, and it
was decided to float the company on the London Stock Exchange and to
issue more shares. Prior to flotation in 1928, Electrolux bought out
many of the related companies owned by Wenner-Gren, though he retained
his minority shareholding in the American Electrolux Corporation until
1949.<br />
<br />
Flotation on the Stockholm stock exchange was postponed until 1930 owing
to the stock market crash. When the shares did appear they were greeted
with some mistrust, as it was thought that the company was overvalued
and that sales would suffer during the anticipated recession. These
doubts, however, were to prove unfounded.<br />
<br />
<u><i>Diversifying into Refrigerators in the Mid-1920s</i></u><br />
<br />
During the 1920s Electrolux introduced a number of new products,
including floor-polishers, a natural progression from vacuum cleaners,
which were brought out in 1927. The main diversification of the 1920s,
however, came through the acquisition in 1925 of Arctic, a company
manufacturing a novel machine, the absorption refrigerator. This type of
refrigerator has no moving parts, though early models required
connection to a source of running water. Power can be provided by
electricity, gas, or kerosene as opposed to the compression method of
refrigeration, which relies on electric power. Early compressors were
noisy and bulky, so the new Electrolux system had several advantages
over its competitors' compression refrigerators.<br />
<br />
A new air-cooled version of Electrolux's absorption refrigerators was
introduced in 1931, and by 1936 more than one million had been sold.
Demand for the machines grew as restrictions were placed on the use of
food preservatives by legislation such as the United Kingdom Food
Preservative Act of 1927. In the United States, Servel Inc. had acquired
a license to manufacture Electrolux's refrigerators.<br />
<br />
Electrolux's original vacuum cleaner factory on Lilla Essingen was
devastated by fire in 1936. When it was rebuilt the following year, the
opportunity was taken to fit it with the latest equipment and to install
a central research laboratory.<br />
<br />
In 1926 Wenner-Gren became chairman of the board, with Ernst Aurell
taking over as president. During the 1930s Wenner-Gren remained chairman
but reduced his involvement in the running of the company, prior to
resigning from his post in 1939. Harry G. Faulkner, a British accountant
who had been instrumental in the company's consolidation prior to the
1928 flotation, succeeded Aurell in 1930 and remained president
throughout the 1930s.<br />
<br />
With intensive marketing and continued investment in research and
development, Electrolux rode out the Great Depression. By 1939 annual
sales stood at SKr 80 million. In 1939 Gustaf Sahlin, former president
of the United States Electrolux Corporation, took over the presidency of
the parent company from Faulkner. Throughout World War II, despite the
loss of some manufacturing plants, Electrolux managed to maintain many
of its usual activities, opening operations in Australia, Venezuela, and
Colombia. At home in Sweden, it acquired companies in the fields of
commercial laundry equipment and outboard motors. Much energy, however,
was diverted into the war effort, including the manufacture of munitions
and of air cleaners for the Swedish forces.<br />
<br />
After the war Electrolux resumed its normal operations, initially under
Elon V. Ekman, who became president in 1951, and from 1963 to 1967 under
his successor Harry Wennberg. The period was not without setbacks,
however. Many subsidiaries that had been opened in Eastern European
countries before the war disappeared from view behind the Iron Curtain.
In addition, despite a British government contract to supply 50,000
built-in absorption refrigerators for prefabricated temporary houses,
the company began to face problems in the refrigerator market.
Compression technology had advanced and was proving more effective for
the larger refrigerators that consumers were now demanding. Although at
first the company concentrated on improving the design of the absorption
refrigerator, Electrolux eventually was obliged to adopt compression
technology.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, diversification continued. During the 1950s Electrolux
started making household washing machines and dishwashers, and
floor-cleaning equipment production was extended to an increasing number
of countries, including Brazil and Norway. When, in 1956, Axel
Wenner-Gren sold his remaining shares in Electrolux to Wallenberg, a
Swedish finance group, annual turnover exceeded SKr 500 million. The
association with Wallenberg has often stood Electrolux in good stead,
helping, for example, to arrange overseas funding and to insulate the
group from any hostile takeover bids.<br />
<br />
In 1962, in an attempt to solve its refrigerator problems, Electrolux
bought the Swedish firm of ElektroHelios. This firm, founded in 1919,
had a major share of the Scandinavian market in compressor refrigerators
and freezers, as well as making stoves. In the year following the
acquisition, Electrolux launched a wide range of food-storage equipment,
putting it in a strong position to benefit from the demands generated
by the flourishing frozen food industry.<br />
<br />
<u><i>Major Acquisitions: Late 1960s-80s</i></u><br />
<br />
Until the 1960s Electrolux had continued to operate along the lines
conceived by Wenner-Gren in the early years. A new phase began in 1967,
when Hans Werthén was recruited from Ericsson, another member of the
Wallenberg group of companies. Werthén remained with Electrolux for more
than 25 years, first as president, and from 1975 to 1991 as chairman,
with Gösta Bystedt and then Anders Scharp succeeding him as president.
Under this regime, a series of momentous acquisitions was to allow
Electrolux to multiply its turnover by a factor of 60 in 20 years.<br />
<br />
When Werthén took over management of the Electrolux group the company
was in the doldrums; it had run into internal and external problems, and
its technology was outmoded. Electrolux, an international company, had
not been effectively integrated with its acquisition ElektroHelios,
which still focused on the Scandinavian market. In many ways the merged
companies had continued to behave as if they were still competitors,
resulting in a net loss of market share in the refrigerator market. Only
the vacuum cleaners were profitable: to use Werthén's own words, "they
represented 125 percent of the profits."<br />
<br />
Approaching the problem from a new perspective, Werthén managed to
resolve the Electrolux-ElektroHelios conflict and get rid of the
organizational overlap. His new head of production, Anders Scharp, set
about updating production technology to challenge the much more advanced
techniques he had seen in U.S. appliance factories. Werthén believed
that Electrolux's problems could not be overcome simply by operational
improvements. The company had a more fundamental problem: size.<br />
<br />
As Werthén saw it, Electrolux was neither small enough to be a niche
player, nor large enough to gain the economies of scale it needed to
compete with such giants as Philips and AEG. Growth was the only way
forward, and in the overcrowded market place for household goods, growth
meant acquisitions.<br />
<br />
The initial focus was on Scandinavia. One small competitor after
another, many of them struggling for survival, was bought up by the
growing company. The Norwegian stove manufacturer Elektra, the Danish
white goods company Atlas, and the Finnish stove maker Slev were among
the first acquisitions of the late 1960s. Soon Electrolux was shopping
for competitors outside Scandinavia. The 1974 acquisition of Eureka, one
of the longest established vacuum cleaner companies in the United
States, gave Electrolux a large slice of a valuable market overnight.<br />
<br />
At around this time there were glimmerings of hope for the reemergence
of the absorption refrigerator. The quiet-running units were ideally
suited to installation in smaller living spaces, such as mobile homes
and hotel rooms. Electrolux managers soon sensed these new
opportunities. After taking over competitors Kreft (of Luxembourg) and
Siegas (of Germany) in 1972, the group became world leader in this
sector.<br />
<br />
In addition to expanding its share of the company's existing markets,
Electrolux soon started to see acquisitions as a way of entering new
areas, particularly those related to existing product lines. Electrolux
acquired the British lawn mower manufacturer Flymo in 1968 because
Werthén saw lawn mowing as an activity allied to floor cleaning. The
provision of cleaning services seemed a logical extension to the
production of cleaning equipment, prompting the purchase of a half share
in the Swedish cleaning company ASAB.<br />
<br />
Buying up the venerable Swedish firm of Husqvarna in 1978 gave
Electrolux not only a new pool of expertise in commercial refrigeration,
but also a flourishing chainsaw-manufacturing concern, which
complemented its interests in outdoor equipment. Taking over a clutch of
other chainsaw manufacturers over the following decade--including the
U.S. firm Poulan/Weed Eater in 1986--enabled Electrolux to claim
leadership of the worldwide chainsaw market. The outdoor products sector
was further strengthened and broadened through the acquisitions of
American Yard Products in 1988 and of Allegretti & Co., a U.S. maker
of battery-driven garden tools, in 1990.<br />
<br />
This program of acquisitions brought some more radical departures from
existing product lines. In 1973 Electrolux bought Facit, a Swedish
office equipment company. The deal also brought to Electrolux the
production of Ballingslöv kitchen and bathroom cabinets. Initial doubts
about whether Electrolux had the know-how to manage a high-tech company
proved unfounded.<br />
<br />
The purchase of Swedish metal producer Gränges was greeted with equal
skepticism, since again the connection between the new and existing
businesses appeared to be rather tenuous. Gränges was seen as a troubled
company, but when Electrolux bought it in 1980, Werthén had already
been chairman of its board for three years and had overseen a marked
upturn in its fortunes. Gränges became part of Electrolux in 1980, and
by the late 1980s Gränges' aluminum products and car seat belts
represented a major aspect of Electrolux's business, although other
parts of Gränges were sold off.<br />
<br />
Under the presidency of Anders Scharp, which began in 1981, Electrolux's
program of acquisitions began to focus on the consolidation and
expansion of existing lines. Takeovers became increasingly ambitious as
Electrolux saw within its reach the chance to become one of the world
leaders in household appliances. Major steps toward this goal were the
acquisitions of Zanussi in Italy, White Consolidated in the United
States (the third largest white goods company in that country), and the
white goods and catering equipment divisions of the United Kingdom's
Thorn EMI, in 1984, 1986, and 1987, respectively.<br />
<br />
Through the years, Electrolux gained a reputation for buying only when
the price was right and for turning around sick companies, even at the
cost of heavy staff cuts and management shake-ups. As the Wall Street
Journal pointed out in 1986 in a piece about the acquisition of White
Consolidated, the group balance sheet looked unhealthy immediately after
some of the larger acquisitions, showing an equity-asset ratio as low
as 21 percent.<br />
<br />
Electrolux bounced back confidently, making divestments as well as
acquisitions. One of Werthén's earliest acts as president had been the
1968 sale of AB Electrolux's minority shareholding in the United States
Electrolux Corporation to Consolidated Foods, which raised SKr 300
million, although the subsequent Eureka purchase had placed the company
in the curious position of competing against its own brand name.
Management continued this policy of judicious divestment following
acquisitions, when it was considered that all or part of the new member
did not fit in with the group's strategy. Facit, for instance, was sold
to Ericsson in 1983, and shortly after the purchase of White
Consolidated, its machine-tool division, White Machine Tools, was sold
off.<br />
<br />
Another method of raising cash was through the sale of assets, although
Electrolux acquisitions were not primarily motivated by a desire to
strip assets. In the case of Husqvarna, the purchase price of SKr 120
million was more than covered within six months by the sale of its land
and other property. A third way of recovering the costs of acquisition
was the use of a troubled company's accumulated losses wherever possible
to reduce the group's tax liability. This was a major incentive in the
acquisition of Gränges.<br />
<br />
Not every company was delighted to hear Electrolux knocking on its door.
Many a takeover was resisted by the target company, although Electrolux
was also sometimes called in to rescue a troubled company (as happened
with Zanussi) or asked to act as a white knight (notably for the U.S.
household appliance company Tappan in 1979).<br />
<br />
<u><i>Geographic Expansion and Restructurings in the 1990s</i></u><br />
<br />
The 1990s brought major changes to Electrolux, spearheaded by a new
management team. Werthén resigned as chairman in early 1991, Scharp
became chairman and CEO, and Leif Johansson was named president of the
firm, taking over as CEO himself in 1994. During Werthén's long reign,
Electrolux had grown tremendously through acquisitions but had failed to
effectively consolidate the acquired operations into existing ones. The
result was an unwieldy array of brands, each of which needing the
support of separate production and marketing operations. Electrolux was
further hurt in the early 1990s by an economic downturn in its core
European and North American operations and by the maturing of the white
goods sectors in those same markets, which intensified competition. All
told, profits for Electrolux from 1990 through 1994 were much lower than
the heights reached during the late 1980s. The new management team
responded by seeking out new markets for its core products, by gradually
divesting its noncore industrial products operations, and by
streamlining its remaining business units.<br />
<br />
Electrolux targeted Eastern Europe, Asia, South America, the Middle
East, and southern Africa in its 1990s push for global growth. The
company had already, in 1989, arranged for Sharp Corporation to
distribute some of Electrolux's products in Japan. Subsequent moves in
Asia included the setting up of joint ventures in China for the
manufacture of compressors, vacuum cleaners, and water purifiers, and
the acquisition of majority stakes in refrigerator and washing machine
factories in India. In January 1996 another Chinese joint venture was
established for the production of refrigerators and freezers for
commercial users. The newly opened markets of Eastern Europe were first
targeted with the 1991 purchase of the Hungarian white goods company
Lehel. A 1995 joint venture with Poland's Myszkow FNE Swiatowit began
making washing machines under the Zanussi brand. In Latin America, where
Whirlpool was dominant, Electrolux acquired 99 percent of Refrigeraçao
Paraná S.A. (Refripar) in 1996. Refripar (soon renamed Electrolux do
Brazil) held the number two position among Brazilian white goods
companies. Also in 1996, Electrolux purchased a 20 percent stake in
Atlas Eléctrica S.A. of Costa Rica, the leading producer of
refrigerators and stoves in Central America. By 1994, about 10 percent
of Electrolux's sales came from outside the European Union and North
America. This figure more than doubled by 1996 to 20.4 percent, with
non-EU Europe accounting for 7 percent, Latin America for 6.4 percent,
Asia for 5.1 percent, Oceania for 1 percent, and Africa for 0.9 percent.<br />
<br />
While undergoing this global expansion, Electrolux also moved gradually
to concentrate solely on three core sectors: household appliances,
commercial appliances, and outdoor products. Profits in the company's
industrial products sector were falling and Scharp and Johansson
determined that these noncore operations should be jettisoned. The
culmination of this process came in 1996 and 1997, with the divestment
of the Constructor group, producers of materials-handling equipment; the
sale of the Swedish electronics operations of Electrolux Electronics,
and a sewing machines unit; and the spinoff of Gränges to the public.
The final divestment came in August 1997 when Electrolux's goods
protection operation, which sold tarpaulins and storage halls, was sold
to MVI, a privately owned investment fund.<br />
<br />
Electrolux greatly reduced its acquisitions activity in the European
Union and North America in the 1990s, although there was one major
addition. In 1992 the company bought a 10 percent stake in AEG
Hausgeräte, the household appliance division of Germany's Daimler-Benz.
This stake was increased to 20 percent in 1993 and the following year
Electrolux purchased the remaining 80 percent for about US$437 million.
The purchase brought the company another strong European brand, which
fit well into a renewed brand strategy for Electrolux. The company
sought to position the Electrolux brand as a global brand and
Electrolux, Zanussi, and AEG as pan-European brands, while continuing to
maintain strong local brands such as Faure in France and Tricity Bendix
in the United Kingdom.<br />
<br />
Along with the new brand strategy, Electrolux began in 1996 to reduce
its fragmented operations and become more efficient. A pan-European
logistics function was set up for white goods and floor-care products.
In late 1996 the company's North American white goods operation,
Frigidaire Company, was combined with the two North American outdoor
products companies, Poulan/Weed Eater and American Yard Products, to
form Frigidaire Home Products. Merging these operations made strategic
sense since the trend in retailing was toward single retailers selling
both indoor and outdoor appliances. Similar consolidations were planned
for Electrolux's operations elsewhere in the world.<br />
<br />
In April 1997 Johansson left Electrolux to become the chief executive at
Volvo AB. Replacing him as Electrolux president and CEO was Michael
Treschow, who had been president and CEO at Atlas Copco AB, a maker of
industrial equipment and, like Electrolux, part of the Wallenberg
dynasty. It was left to Treschow to announce, in June 1997, a major
restructuring plan, which had already been agreed upon before he took
over. Over a two-year period, Electrolux would lay off more than 11,000
of its workers (11 percent of its workforce) and close 23 plants and 50
warehouses (half of its global total), with the reductions coming mainly
in Europe and North America. A charge of SKr 2.5 billion (US$323
million) was incurred as the result of the restructuring in the second
quarter of 1997.<br />
<br />
Under the leadership of Treschow, Electrolux further streamlined its
operations in 1998, divesting its recycling business, its kitchen and
bathroom cabinets interests, and various professional cleaning and
heavy-duty laundry equipment units. The following year, the firm sold
off its food and beverage vending machine businesses and its
professional refrigeration equipment business. That year, Electrolux
nixed a large portion of its direct sales force.<br />
<br />
The company completed its restructuring efforts in 1999 and began to
focus on maintaining its leadership position in the future. Treschow was
confident that the firm's efforts would pay off, claiming in a 1999
Appliance Manufacturer article that the company was "ideally placed to
meet the challenges of the new millennium." To back up that claim, the
company began to develop new products that utilized cutting edge
technology. In 1999, it teamed up with Ericsson to develop and market
products for the "networked home." Managed under the joint venture,
e2Home, these products would be connected via the Web to a variety of
information and service providers. Another product line, the Live-In
Kitchen, connected appliances to mobile phones, which among other
features, allowed the owner to preheat their oven from their cell phone.
As part of its foray into new technology, Electrolux also developed the
Trilobite vacuum cleaner, a robotic product that used sensors to vacuum
a room, and a Smart Fridge, a top-of-the-line refrigerator complete
with built-in computer screen and Internet access.<br />
<br />
<u><i>Focusing on Brand Alignment in the New Millennium</i></u><br />
<br />
By 2000, both sales and net income had increased steadily over the past
three years. Sales had grown from SKr 113 billion to SKr 124.4 billion.
Net income also had recovered, skyrocketing from SKr 352 million
recorded in 1997, to SKr 4.4 billion secured in 2000. During that year,
the company repurchased its rights to the Electrolux brand in North
America, which it had sold in 1969 upon divesting its U.S. floor-care
company. The purchase was part of its plan to align its brand names,
especially in North America.<br />
<br />
The company's operating environment became turbulent in 2001. Weakening
demand and high costs related to upgrades at its refrigerator factories
in North America forced the firm's operating income to fall by nearly 23
percent over the previous year. Despite these challenges, the company
made two key acquisitions, including Email Ltd., Australia's largest
household appliance manufacturer, and Italy-based Marazzini, a lawn
mower manufacturer.<br />
<br />
In April 2002, Hans Straberg took over as president and CEO as Treschow
left the firm to head up Ericsson. Under new leadership, Electrolux
shifted its focus from cost cutting to brand realignment. At the time,
the company managed more than 50 different brands. The Economist
reported in April 2002 that the company realized that "rationalizing the
brands can be dangerous if done too quickly--so the rebranding will be
more evolution than revolution. The Electrolux name will become the
master brand, but the company will keep strong local brands, such as the
Flymo lawnmower in Britain."<br />
<br />
Facing strong competition and uncertain economic times, Straberg most
definitely had his work cut out for him. Although the repositioning of
the Electrolux brand name would no doubt face challenges, the company
appeared to be well on its way to maintaining its leadership position in
the appliance industry in the years to come.<br />
<br />
Principal Subsidiaries: Electrolux Home Products Pty. Ltd. (Australia);
Electrolux Hausgerate GmbH (Austria); Electrolux Home Products Corp.
N.V. (Belgium); Electrolux do Brasil S.A. (99.9%); Electrolux Canada
Corp.; Electrolux Home Appliances Co. Ltd. (China); Electrolux Holding
A/S (Denmark); Oy Electrolux Ab (Finland); Electrolux France S.A.;
Electrolux Deutschland GmbH (Germany); Electrolux Kelvinator Ltd.
(India; 76%); Electrolux Zanussi S.p.A. (Italy); Electrolux de Mexico,
S.A. de C.V.; Electrolux Associated Company B.V. (The Netherlands);
Electrolux Norge AS (Norway); Electrolux Espana S.A. (Spain); Husqvarna
AB; Electrolux Professional AB; Electrolux Holding AG (Switzerland);
Electrolux UK Ltd.; Electrolux Home Products Inc. (U.S.A.); Electrolux
North American Inc. (U.S.A.).<br />
<br />
Principal Competitors: BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH; GE Consumer Products; Whirlpool Corporation. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<u>Further Reading:</u><br />
<br />
"Brand Challenge; Electrolux," Economist (U.S.), April 6, 2002.<br />
Brown-Humes, Christopher, "Electrolux to Plug into Households in Opening Markets," Financial Times, April 27, 1995, p. 25.<br />
Burt, Tim, "Electrolux Set to Pull Out of Industrial Goods," Financial Times, October 30, 1996, p. 28.<br />
Calian, Sara, "Electrolux to Cut Force by 11%, Mainly in North America, Europe," Wall Street Journal, June 13, 1997, p. A15.<br />
Canedy, Dana, "Electrolux to Cut 12,000 Workers and Shut Plants," New York Times, June 13, 1997, p. D2.<br />
"Can 'Mike the Knife' Give Electrolux a Net-Age Edge?," Business Week, September 13, 2000.<br />
"Electrolux Expects to Be No. 1 Appliance Maker," Appliance Manufacturer, February 1994, p. 20.<br />
"Electrolux News," Appliance, December 1999, p. 18.<br />
"Electrolux News," Appliance, May 2002, p. 15.<br />
"Electrolux Plots a New Strategy," Housewares, January 1, 1990, p. 78.<br />
"Electrolux Sweeps into America," Business Week, September 23, 2002.<br />
Electrolux: Two Epochs That Shaped a Worldwide Group, Stockholm: Electrolux, 1989.<br />
Gordon, Bob, Early Electrical Appliances, Princes Risborough, United Kingdom: Shire Publications Ltd., 1984.<br />
Holding, Robert L., "Globalization: The Second Decade," Appliance Manufacturer, May 1999, p. 34.<br />
Jancsurak, Joe, "Big Plans for Europe's Big Three," Appliance Manufacturer, April 1995, pp. 26-30.<br />
Kapstein, Jonathan, and Zachary Schiller, "The Fast-Spinning Machine
That Blew a Gasket," Business Week, September 10, 1990, pp. 50, 52.<br />
Lorenz, Christopher, "The Birth of a 'Transnational,'" Financial Times, June 19, 1989.<br />
McGrath, Neal, "New Broom Sweeps into Asia," Asian Business, March 1996, p. 22.<br />
McIvor, Greg, "Electrolux Comes Under the Scalpel," Financial Times, October 29, 1997, p. 19.<br />
Moss, Nicholas, and Hale Richards, "Mike the Knife Cuts Deep," European, June 19, 1997, p. 17.<br />
Racanelli, Vito, "Autumn Fall for Electrolux," Barron's, July 29, 2002.<br />
"The Real Head of the Household," Director, November 1996, p. 17.<br />
Reed, Stanley, "The Wallenbergs' New Blood," Business Week, October 20, 1997, pp. 98, 102.<br />
Sparke, Penny, Electrical Appliances: Twentieth-Century Design, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987.<br />
"The Stars of Europe--Survivors," Business Week, June 11, 2001.<br />
"Sweden's Electrolux Plans for Expansion into Southeast Asia," Wall Street Journal, January 4, 1995, p. B7.<br />
Tully, Shawn, "Electrolux Wants a Clean Sweep," Fortune, August 18, 1986, p. 60.<br />
Zweig, Jason, "Cleaning Up," Forbes, December 11, 1989, p. 302.<br />
<br />
Source: International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 53. St. James Press, 2003.<br />
<br />FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-75351847645902954192012-08-18T18:00:00.000-07:002014-08-30T13:00:13.068-07:00IGNIS (SIRI) MOD. 4210 SERIE IL MILIONE YEAR 1963.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPDtqVnsO-SrjSSSz7-5KvXzkJTU9oVfvelEMscur7zEKfkNPgo4UPB1prkYrR27hnhrVbyDZFG02OucyAwOhwwznjpMSk94XOj0AB1Lez5JVzTrud-ULebXP5o0WWziZYtut1tpfgzt75/s1600/IMGH_05823.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPDtqVnsO-SrjSSSz7-5KvXzkJTU9oVfvelEMscur7zEKfkNPgo4UPB1prkYrR27hnhrVbyDZFG02OucyAwOhwwznjpMSk94XOj0AB1Lez5JVzTrud-ULebXP5o0WWziZYtut1tpfgzt75/s320/IMGH_05823.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR24R2TseXXCZ3jM20J_nC5uSJjZGMWHULOMVNtAKfpncwUBADRLzv_JpYlJBwVD_WDzpf-b095a8mFU-m7kfS4JK2P0wCBpld4ekqO_eZ1mLQ-NLmubEkTVrBEWKqmK15cqWIJ6tquGcH/s1600/IMGH_05824.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR24R2TseXXCZ3jM20J_nC5uSJjZGMWHULOMVNtAKfpncwUBADRLzv_JpYlJBwVD_WDzpf-b095a8mFU-m7kfS4JK2P0wCBpld4ekqO_eZ1mLQ-NLmubEkTVrBEWKqmK15cqWIJ6tquGcH/s320/IMGH_05824.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJYZMy4MZl8Xr_s8BIzsqaFS_RooShwCs6_z30DjQ3LcvWuEl03infbVcJ2q_3oDRVsHvPqBCSiWS5jYfSed-ZNtgpg6EfZUhCnCImDP-ijEMwtonZmlhKOkK5Xu_-H_rYL2DmtRwm2WmH/s1600/IMGH_05825.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJYZMy4MZl8Xr_s8BIzsqaFS_RooShwCs6_z30DjQ3LcvWuEl03infbVcJ2q_3oDRVsHvPqBCSiWS5jYfSed-ZNtgpg6EfZUhCnCImDP-ijEMwtonZmlhKOkK5Xu_-H_rYL2DmtRwm2WmH/s320/IMGH_05825.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLcZInmGG-OXU0sfKTWOkWWpGFgwgaz5WF1EUgwAqI6pOKY5GFcOOlfqGs2xXq4oQ-Z0Yn3FQrfwCTEYgKAjBVd-nFzHyIGO_fDDSzqduVK3EuBh1w1Tr4KnZqR-j7ZurSup7KLy2ZJEgB/s1600/IMGH_05826.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLcZInmGG-OXU0sfKTWOkWWpGFgwgaz5WF1EUgwAqI6pOKY5GFcOOlfqGs2xXq4oQ-Z0Yn3FQrfwCTEYgKAjBVd-nFzHyIGO_fDDSzqduVK3EuBh1w1Tr4KnZqR-j7ZurSup7KLy2ZJEgB/s320/IMGH_05826.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUqGkSfr7FxFrIXRCkPNycZZHF_rNPt0dtXWQCFAEI_NhIISaMNEoAmT3yKv9yFVDbVtSLtciKTZJcoNtjukutmY_Dqbs-l0Tp5RR_ib8SXcepel94mNt4mlSj8qnJUf6b6WGLByQNVeeo/s1600/IMGH_05827.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUqGkSfr7FxFrIXRCkPNycZZHF_rNPt0dtXWQCFAEI_NhIISaMNEoAmT3yKv9yFVDbVtSLtciKTZJcoNtjukutmY_Dqbs-l0Tp5RR_ib8SXcepel94mNt4mlSj8qnJUf6b6WGLByQNVeeo/s320/IMGH_05827.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj318cXPQr2UWh_uFh6kwt-olqWX2pizTqpc5koFmy187OKjIoNMDHrIvVHbCg3aJ3ps66bglJoIemXoHTDp4bDuEJxlhB7dEFw9iuJv6HwpshZsH9oTH53qGzEPfY61SyIphGRFj1qNWYL/s1600/IMGH_05828.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj318cXPQr2UWh_uFh6kwt-olqWX2pizTqpc5koFmy187OKjIoNMDHrIvVHbCg3aJ3ps66bglJoIemXoHTDp4bDuEJxlhB7dEFw9iuJv6HwpshZsH9oTH53qGzEPfY61SyIphGRFj1qNWYL/s320/IMGH_05828.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4hiCawPAo5TVc95e5XHl6RDbi2KqBpQSZq1wEhROg6gbWhbZkAlWtmC8_5q__dG8K9gfJyOyKIvkkpx3GmbxATB0QVAcaQqm0NTw3fMjbYQiBCQaBMjNpEmmrzqQezQQaLnX34i-LANCo/s1600/IMGH_05829.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4hiCawPAo5TVc95e5XHl6RDbi2KqBpQSZq1wEhROg6gbWhbZkAlWtmC8_5q__dG8K9gfJyOyKIvkkpx3GmbxATB0QVAcaQqm0NTw3fMjbYQiBCQaBMjNpEmmrzqQezQQaLnX34i-LANCo/s320/IMGH_05829.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7KgS5AWqP8GKD5oQg9hIDOYdkLF80wmM_wdc8_w2StoHhXR1Yhp_PQpJYNgKzwnvK3xGq1QPCajGR-6ksUSQbM8JMdv3v07uXjbFyI0y_9xHdiBYE9aLYl0clnt7DsKW_2bMOA_4JY-cv/s1600/IMGH_05830.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7KgS5AWqP8GKD5oQg9hIDOYdkLF80wmM_wdc8_w2StoHhXR1Yhp_PQpJYNgKzwnvK3xGq1QPCajGR-6ksUSQbM8JMdv3v07uXjbFyI0y_9xHdiBYE9aLYl0clnt7DsKW_2bMOA_4JY-cv/s320/IMGH_05830.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3v8pXMIru0ix3Y0i2wlj_pLJP7_MSAVOC595MjBAcMAgd0MBeVmXpfBrmgTqkW5ctxHjNIV2OIWuALIEsxTW7khsumyOFkOSDFtPN043nCUycenHV7QVntt31M0UzS-K2Tyx8vXBxSHFT/s1600/IMGH_05831.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3v8pXMIru0ix3Y0i2wlj_pLJP7_MSAVOC595MjBAcMAgd0MBeVmXpfBrmgTqkW5ctxHjNIV2OIWuALIEsxTW7khsumyOFkOSDFtPN043nCUycenHV7QVntt31M0UzS-K2Tyx8vXBxSHFT/s320/IMGH_05831.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirc4E9JEYQ9FICEzyHS2Zv6IgNK7YJfgbZU7UtvymVW65zWUc71UXDmfpRx36yvydPOEUI38s91lUZSpcMhgYjl_Giy7i4kNvAQnnnYwJvtZ1pPrqPJj5FpwbHXw5zXd_LjxqC1164pO4L/s1600/IMGH_05832.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirc4E9JEYQ9FICEzyHS2Zv6IgNK7YJfgbZU7UtvymVW65zWUc71UXDmfpRx36yvydPOEUI38s91lUZSpcMhgYjl_Giy7i4kNvAQnnnYwJvtZ1pPrqPJj5FpwbHXw5zXd_LjxqC1164pO4L/s320/IMGH_05832.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s1600/IMGH_05833.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s320/IMGH_05833.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGRsdgieI9gug99tFihdhkbpZo2BFCN0A8mmU1JfJHG_NFIM5FjZTyMds8ZQP7pNkxcJC2o_eBhlNXrX5e15IuJOw9gYi3YRN_9JVChWwThyo3N0DCvpBFkaBjiqPjCcBDijG60rIefGhA/s1600/IMGH_05834.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGRsdgieI9gug99tFihdhkbpZo2BFCN0A8mmU1JfJHG_NFIM5FjZTyMds8ZQP7pNkxcJC2o_eBhlNXrX5e15IuJOw9gYi3YRN_9JVChWwThyo3N0DCvpBFkaBjiqPjCcBDijG60rIefGhA/s320/IMGH_05834.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
The IGNIS (SIRI) MOD. 4210 SERIE IL MILIONE is a special edition refrigerator and is another everlasting.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMQC-0c4BF4GNjaLwjnCIgCQgN-1jGGHrwTRYz_aQ-OgBUzHoNWO7E6LrPnanIx3I9iYxf9ZuGOfx-7tWmm2H0mQiEmSCgh3TAiMdq7HVg_lELWDqWs992AaqkMFDGAT6jlJSq1l05gGO0/s1600/IGNIS-60s-ADV__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMQC-0c4BF4GNjaLwjnCIgCQgN-1jGGHrwTRYz_aQ-OgBUzHoNWO7E6LrPnanIx3I9iYxf9ZuGOfx-7tWmm2H0mQiEmSCgh3TAiMdq7HVg_lELWDqWs992AaqkMFDGAT6jlJSq1l05gGO0/s1600/IGNIS-60s-ADV__F12M.jpg" height="143" width="200" /></a></div>
Was called serie "IL MILIONE" (The million series) because IGNIS (SIRI) manufacturer have surpassed at the time his million produced fridge, and designed this model with this special mark for that reason.<br />
<br />
It was produced by SIRI (Società Italiana Refrigeranti Industriali) wich was the BORGHI industrial conglomerate dedicated to refrigerator fabrication in ITALY capable to export his products widely in Europe in the 60's.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAet-632gjpCwqJK2uM97zK1vG2O0iQ0lUut4rh-SSzoN3UV90i-1OWzLW6UNeMDOxS5q6Qk0z6phfBBhTrN3Uxrg7fK_VHsH5IHnDSsV49_CDSRVZAqwFoi87w7PISbBzWcEJDc6aZlEG/s1600/OLD-FRIDGE-CHEESE__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAet-632gjpCwqJK2uM97zK1vG2O0iQ0lUut4rh-SSzoN3UV90i-1OWzLW6UNeMDOxS5q6Qk0z6phfBBhTrN3Uxrg7fK_VHsH5IHnDSsV49_CDSRVZAqwFoi87w7PISbBzWcEJDc6aZlEG/s1600/OLD-FRIDGE-CHEESE__F12M.jpg" height="200" width="142" /></a>The IGNIS (SIRI) MOD. 4210 SERIE IL MILIONE after power up starts cooling in less than 8 seconds<br />
and a nice hiss noise can be heard at freezer level. The compressor with it's 1150 rpm is almost runnin in absolute quietly silence with a quite powerful pumping feature.<br />
<br />
The IGNIS (SIRI) MOD. 4210 SERIE IL MILIONE is ready to be used after 30mins after startup, even with an external temperature of 35°C !! !! !<br />
and it has the awesome feature of a pedal to open the door when both hands are occupied. (A foot door opener attachment for a refrigerator for easily and conveniently opening the door of a refrigerator with little effort. The foot door opener attachment for a refrigerator includes a mounting bracket being adapted to securely attach to a side wall of the refrigerator near where the door to the refrigerator can be opened; and also includes a spring-loaded lever being pivotally mounted at a central portion thereof to the mounting bracket and having a second end, a first end, and a spring member being securely attached to the mounting bracket and to the first end to bias the first end of the spring-loaded lever out of contact with the door of the refrigerator; and further includes a foot support member being securely mounted to the second end of the spring-loaded lever; and also includes a door opening member securely attached to the first end of the spring-loaded lever).<br />
<br />
After 50 years it doesn't suffer the "weight" of it's age............................<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZwoVpaDGLoQt12cRI7MsqFAS4ZxnIbECAceFj1ZifYQ_nPdShyphenhyphen81mUqlHDNaC1KCpMA70RaYU-E3GNnVoZAYoOnX82kTwnGgXTVrSroQ4L_qWEOU77P2OGQsesujYjU2vCRj3BlQbsoI0/s1600/stempel-hermetik.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZwoVpaDGLoQt12cRI7MsqFAS4ZxnIbECAceFj1ZifYQ_nPdShyphenhyphen81mUqlHDNaC1KCpMA70RaYU-E3GNnVoZAYoOnX82kTwnGgXTVrSroQ4L_qWEOU77P2OGQsesujYjU2vCRj3BlQbsoI0/s1600/stempel-hermetik.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>The refrigerator is running with a <span style="font-size: small;">STEMPEL HERMETIK HP 1/8 V220 V230 50/60HZ. compressor which was last officially produced </span><span style="font-size: small;">STEMPEL HERMETIK before closing and deletion by Danfoss aquisition in 1964.</span> These compressors weren't sharing anything technologically with TECUMSEH or others brands related patents therefore are pretty unique.<br />
<br />
The compressor and the coil plant in this fridge is a rare example of powerful cooling.....quiet.....reliable evelasting running.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="color: #666666;">Many contemporary appliances would not have this level of staying
power, many would ware out or require major services within just five
years or less and of course, there is that perennial bug bear of
planned obsolescence where components our deliberately designed to
fail or manufactured with limited edition specificities..............................</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>IGNIS (SIRI) MOD. 4210 SERIE IL MILIONE Carrier for a motor compressor of a refrigerating machine:STEMPEL HERMETIK HP 1/8 V220 V230 50/60HZ. </b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /></b></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3v8pXMIru0ix3Y0i2wlj_pLJP7_MSAVOC595MjBAcMAgd0MBeVmXpfBrmgTqkW5ctxHjNIV2OIWuALIEsxTW7khsumyOFkOSDFtPN043nCUycenHV7QVntt31M0UzS-K2Tyx8vXBxSHFT/s1600/IMGH_05831.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3v8pXMIru0ix3Y0i2wlj_pLJP7_MSAVOC595MjBAcMAgd0MBeVmXpfBrmgTqkW5ctxHjNIV2OIWuALIEsxTW7khsumyOFkOSDFtPN043nCUycenHV7QVntt31M0UzS-K2Tyx8vXBxSHFT/s320/IMGH_05831.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s1600/IMGH_05833.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s320/IMGH_05833.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-xetTRCfpNaIKUgofoDmukfoiOM6o3Oz8Kb6VxziWacjeOSuATauR_st7ouzkOJBCfhyphenhyphenH2TgxItBWLbrQunO7c9BI7FlSFQDujAL0oV7JJTnW7dT4po8w2LgCcU78W3ugv7sVs8WJum4W/s1600/STEMPEL-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-xetTRCfpNaIKUgofoDmukfoiOM6o3Oz8Kb6VxziWacjeOSuATauR_st7ouzkOJBCfhyphenhyphenH2TgxItBWLbrQunO7c9BI7FlSFQDujAL0oV7JJTnW7dT4po8w2LgCcU78W3ugv7sVs8WJum4W/s320/STEMPEL-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">Application August 2, 1955, Serial No. 525,929<br />Claims priority, appiication Germany August 5, 1954<br /><br /><br />The present invention relates TO refrigerating machines.<br /><br />More particularly, the present invention relates to the<br />motor compressor unit of a refrigerating machine and<br />especially to the carrier which is connected to the motor<br />and the compressor of such a refrigerating machine.<br /><br />Such a carrier is conventionally made from a material<br />such as cast iron which must be machined considerably<br />after it is cast. Furthermore, such a carr</span><span style="font-size: small;">ier member<br />must be perfectly clean before it is incorporated into the<br />to refrigerating final assembly in order to guarantee proper operation, <br />and the machining of a cast member creates great prob-<br />lems in cleaning the member after it is machined because<br />chips, oil and the like, get into inaccessible places. In<br />addition, a motor compressor unit of a refrigerating<br />machine is required to be located in an extremely small<br />space, and the minimum size required by a carrier in<br />the form of a casting often creates difliculties with respect<br />to the small space afforded for the motor compressor<br />assembly. It is apparent, therefore, that in a conven-<br />tional motor compressor assembly the provision of a<br />conventional carrier which is a cast member machined<br />subsequent to its casting creates many difficulties and un-<br />desirably increases the cost of the structure.<br /><br />It is an object of the present invention to overcome<br />the above drawbacks by providing</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirc4E9JEYQ9FICEzyHS2Zv6IgNK7YJfgbZU7UtvymVW65zWUc71UXDmfpRx36yvydPOEUI38s91lUZSpcMhgYjl_Giy7i4kNvAQnnnYwJvtZ1pPrqPJj5FpwbHXw5zXd_LjxqC1164pO4L/s1600/IMGH_05832.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirc4E9JEYQ9FICEzyHS2Zv6IgNK7YJfgbZU7UtvymVW65zWUc71UXDmfpRx36yvydPOEUI38s91lUZSpcMhgYjl_Giy7i4kNvAQnnnYwJvtZ1pPrqPJj5FpwbHXw5zXd_LjxqC1164pO4L/s320/IMGH_05832.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"> for a motor compressor<br />assembly of the above type a carrier which is not made<br />from a cast member and which need not be machined.<br />In this way, many of the above-mentioned problems re-<br />sulting from the machining and the cleaning of a cast<br />member are avoided. <br /><br />It is a further object of the present invention to form<br />a carrier of the above type oL1t of sheet metal which<br />may be stamped to a desired configuration and which<br />may be formed with suitable openings and the like simul-<br />taneously With the stamping, so that the inconveniences<br />produced by the above-mentioned machining are com-<br />pletely avoided.<br /><br />Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention<br />to provide in sheet metal“ members of the above type<br />bulged portions which are capable of providing the carrier<br /> with chambers for reducing noise and for conveying<br />the refrigerating fluid along a desired path between<br />the compressor on the one hand and a condenser and<br />evaporator on the other hand.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoxyFW54TIWyl2jG_i4ofKicH_sOjNzheVoXyt99mJn0LMqTn_J5f0RU7FTMQ2OcmBVMa6SR6HMzB1jzB9Lx0SrfE-Ly-iTTfc7-0TD39fFdwaJzgrOAYiARiJMRluSNPb4Di-ioc4Hm3p/s1600/STEMPEL-4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoxyFW54TIWyl2jG_i4ofKicH_sOjNzheVoXyt99mJn0LMqTn_J5f0RU7FTMQ2OcmBVMa6SR6HMzB1jzB9Lx0SrfE-Ly-iTTfc7-0TD39fFdwaJzgrOAYiARiJMRluSNPb4Di-ioc4Hm3p/s320/STEMPEL-4.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Still another object of the present invention is to pro-<br />vide a process for forming a carrier of the above type<br />which eliminates many of the steps required in a conven-<br />tional process for forming a carrier.<br /><br />Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention<br />to provide a structure capable of accomplishing all of<br />the above objects and at the same time being composed<br />of simple, rugged elements which are more reliable in<br />operation, which are inexpensive and simple to manu-<br />facture, and which are very easily assembled together.<br /><br />With the above objects in view, the present invention<br />mainly consists of a carrier for the motor compressor<br />of a hermetically sealed refrigerating machine, this carrier including at least two sheet metal members at least<br />partly overlapping and joined fluid-tightly to each other<br />and formed with openings and bulging portions serving<br />as connecting surfaces, noise-reducing chambers, and a<br />bearing carrier.<br /><br />Also, with the above objects in view, the present in-<br />vention mainly consists of a process for forming a carrier<br />of the above type, this process comprising the steps<br />of stamping into at least one of a pair of sheet metal<br />plates a plurality of depressions and openings, and soldering these sheet metal plates together in an inert <br />atmosphere to provide a fluid-tight connection between the<br />plates.<br /><br />The novel features which are considered as charac-<br />teristic for the invention are set forth in particular in<br />the appended claims. The invention itself, however,<br />both as to its construction -and its method of operation,<br />together with additional objects and advantage thereof,<br />will be best understood from the following description<br />of specific embodiments when read in connection with<br />the accompanying drawings, in which:<br /><br />Fig. 1 is a sectional, elevational View of a carrier<br />constructed in accordance with the present invention<br />and shown assembled together with a bearing sleeve and<br />a fragmentarily illustrated stator of an electric motor,<br />Fig. 1 being taken along line I-——~I of Fig. 3 in the direc-<br />tion of the arrows and the carrier of Fig. 1 being inverted<br />with respect to Fig. 3 and being shown assembled with<br />the bearing sleeve and stator which are omitted from<br /><br />Fig. 3;<br /><br />Fig. 2 is -a sectional, elevational view taken along the<br />line -II~—lI of Fig. 3 in the direction of the arrows with<br />the carrier of Fig. 3 shown in Fig. 2 in a position inverted<br />with respect to the position of Fig. 3, the carrier being<br />shown in Fig. 2 assembled with a spring and with a<br />member for connecting the carrier with the compressor;<br /><br />Fig. 3 is a perspective View of one embodiment of a<br />carrier constructed in accordance with the present in-<br />vention, part of the structure of Fig. 3 being broken away<br />to illustrate the details of this structure;<br /><br />Fig. 4 is a perspective View of another embodiment<br />of a carrier constructed in accordance with the present in-<br />vention, part of the structure of Fig. 41 also being broken<br />away to show more clearly the details of this structure;<br /><br />Fig. 5 is a perspective View of one part of a carrier<br />of another embodiment of the present invention before<br />this part is formed into its final shape;<br /><br />Fig. 6 is a perspective View of the part shown in Fig. 5<br />after it has been formed into its final shape;<br /><br />Fig. 7 shows in a perspective, exploded View two ad-.<br />ditional parts which are assembled together with the<br />part shown in Fig. 6;<br /><br />Fig. 8 shows the elements of Figs. 6 and 7 in their as-<br />sembled condition in a sectional, elevational view, and<br />these parts are also shown joined to the stator of an<br />electric motor and carrying a bearing sleeve for the crank<br />shaft of the compressor;<br /><br />Fig. 9 shows in a sectional, elevational View still an-<br />other embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 9 illus-<br />trating the manner in which the carrier of this figure is<br />joined to the stator of an electric motor as well as to<br />the compressor and to the bearing sleeve for the crank<br />shaft of the compressor;<br /><br />Fig. 10 is a sectional Vi</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoxyFW54TIWyl2jG_i4ofKicH_sOjNzheVoXyt99mJn0LMqTn_J5f0RU7FTMQ2OcmBVMa6SR6HMzB1jzB9Lx0SrfE-Ly-iTTfc7-0TD39fFdwaJzgrOAYiARiJMRluSNPb4Di-ioc4Hm3p/s1600/STEMPEL-4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoxyFW54TIWyl2jG_i4ofKicH_sOjNzheVoXyt99mJn0LMqTn_J5f0RU7FTMQ2OcmBVMa6SR6HMzB1jzB9Lx0SrfE-Ly-iTTfc7-0TD39fFdwaJzgrOAYiARiJMRluSNPb4Di-ioc4Hm3p/s320/STEMPEL-4.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">ew of the motor compressor<br />unit, the section being taken along line 10-10 of Fig.<br />3 in the direction of the arrows and showing a carrier as<br />shown in Figs. 1-3;<br /><br />Fig. 11 is an elevational, partly sectioned View similar<br />E) Fig. 10, the section being taken along line 11 of Fig. 3;<br /><br />Fig. 12 is a partial end view of Fig. 10 viewed in the<br />direction of the arrow A in Fig. 10; and<br />Fig. 13 is a schematic, overall view of the refrigerator<br />unit, showing the pipe connections between the motor<br />compressor, condenser and evaporator.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-xetTRCfpNaIKUgofoDmukfoiOM6o3Oz8Kb6VxziWacjeOSuATauR_st7ouzkOJBCfhyphenhyphenH2TgxItBWLbrQunO7c9BI7FlSFQDujAL0oV7JJTnW7dT4po8w2LgCcU78W3ugv7sVs8WJum4W/s1600/STEMPEL-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-xetTRCfpNaIKUgofoDmukfoiOM6o3Oz8Kb6VxziWacjeOSuATauR_st7ouzkOJBCfhyphenhyphenH2TgxItBWLbrQunO7c9BI7FlSFQDujAL0oV7JJTnW7dT4po8w2LgCcU78W3ugv7sVs8WJum4W/s320/STEMPEL-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Referring now to the Figs. 1-3, it will be seen that the<br />carrier illustrated in these figures includes an outer dished<br />member 1 and an inner dished member 2 nested within<br />the outer dished member 1 and joined together in a fluid-<br />tight manner preferably by soldering in an inert atmos-<br />phere so that the dished members 1 and 2 are unified<br />into a single unit.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In accordance with the present invention the dished<br />members 1 and 2 are formed with bulged portions which<br />define the noise-reducing chambers 3 and 4- when the<br />dished members 1 and 2 are assembled in the manner<br />illustrated in Figs. 1-3. Furthermore, the dished mem-<br />bers 1 and 2 have bulged portions which together define<br />antechambers 5 and 6 adapted to communicate with the<br />compressor and respectively communicating with the<br />chambers 3 and 4 through the conduit portions 7 and<br /><br />3, respectively formed by elongated bulges in the outer ‘I<br /><br />dished member 1. These dished members are formed<br />with additional bulged portions 9 which are adapted to<br />be connected to springs 10 in the manner shown in Fig.<br />2, these springs resiliently supporting the motor compressor assembly, best shown in Figs. 10 and 11, and it <br />will be noted that all of these bulged portions are sym-<br />metrically distributed in the floors of the dished mem-<br />bers 1 and 2. The dished member 1 is furthermore<br />formed with lateral, outwardly bulging portions 11 serv-<br />ing to fasten the dished members to the stator 12 of an<br />electric motor. Preferably, bored blocks M are located<br />within the spaces 13 formed between the bulged portions<br />11 of outer dished member 1 and the outer surface of<br />inner dished member 2, and these blocks 14 are soldered<br />to the dished members and serve to guide the connecting<br />members 15 w</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoxyFW54TIWyl2jG_i4ofKicH_sOjNzheVoXyt99mJn0LMqTn_J5f0RU7FTMQ2OcmBVMa6SR6HMzB1jzB9Lx0SrfE-Ly-iTTfc7-0TD39fFdwaJzgrOAYiARiJMRluSNPb4Di-ioc4Hm3p/s1600/STEMPEL-4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoxyFW54TIWyl2jG_i4ofKicH_sOjNzheVoXyt99mJn0LMqTn_J5f0RU7FTMQ2OcmBVMa6SR6HMzB1jzB9Lx0SrfE-Ly-iTTfc7-0TD39fFdwaJzgrOAYiARiJMRluSNPb4Di-ioc4Hm3p/s320/STEMPEL-4.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">hich serve to connect the carrier to the<br />motor. Furthermore, the bottom wall portions of the<br />dished members 1 and 2 are formed during stamping of<br />these dished members, for example, with substantially<br />frusto-conical extensions 16 and 17, respectively, which<br />are centrally located with respect to the dished members<br />and which extend away from each other in the manner<br />indicated in Figs. 1-3. These tubular extensions 16 and<br />17 serve as a support for a bearing sleeve 18 (Fig. 1)<br />which serves as a bearing for the crank shaft of the com-<br />pressor, this crank shaft being driven by the motor 12<br />as shown in Figs. 10 and 11. This bearing sleeve 18 is<br />welded firmly to the extensions 16 and 17 so that in ad-<br />dition to serving as a bearing, the sleeve 18 serves the<br />additional function of adding stiffness to the assembly<br />which forms the carrier of the present invention.<br />Where the carrier of the invention is to be used with<br />a hermetically sealed motor compressor assembly of high<br />output, such as for large refrigerators or refrigerated<br />show cases, then, of course, the noise-reducing chambers<br />3 and 4 as well as the antechambers 5 and 6 must be<br />fairly large. In order to be able to form chambers 3-6<br />of the required size in a practical manner, the bulged<br />portions of the dished members 1 and 2 which define<br />these chambers are mirror images of each other so that<br />each member 1 and 2 is required t</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-xetTRCfpNaIKUgofoDmukfoiOM6o3Oz8Kb6VxziWacjeOSuATauR_st7ouzkOJBCfhyphenhyphenH2TgxItBWLbrQunO7c9BI7FlSFQDujAL0oV7JJTnW7dT4po8w2LgCcU78W3ugv7sVs8WJum4W/s1600/STEMPEL-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-xetTRCfpNaIKUgofoDmukfoiOM6o3Oz8Kb6VxziWacjeOSuATauR_st7ouzkOJBCfhyphenhyphenH2TgxItBWLbrQunO7c9BI7FlSFQDujAL0oV7JJTnW7dT4po8w2LgCcU78W3ugv7sVs8WJum4W/s320/STEMPEL-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">o provide only a frac-<br />tion of the volume of these chambers, and in this way<br />it is possible to provide the desired large volume of these<br />chambers without difficulty. On the other hand, the<br />smaller conduit portions 7 and 8 as well as the suction<br />conduit portion 19 leading to the chamber 3 are formed<br />only in the dished member 1 by stamping the elongated<br />bulged portions therein indicated in the drawings.<br /><br /> Openings 20-23 are preferably formed by stamping<br />simultaneously with the stamping of the dished mem-<br />bers or if these dished members are drawn then the<br />openings 2tl——23 may be stamped immediately after the<br />drawing in a combined drawing and stamping machine.<br />The opening 23 serves as a connection for a looped pres-<br />sure conduit which extends from the opening 235 the casing wall of the refrigerating machine through the<br />sealed cooling medium to the condenser, while the re-<br />frigerating medium flowing back from the evaporator of<br />the refrigerating machine flows along the suction con-<br />duit 19 to the suction side of the compressor as diagram-<br />matically shown in Fig. 13. In other words, the suc-<br />tion inlet of the compressor communicates with the open-<br />ing 21 to draw fluid through conduit 19 into chambers<br />3 and from the latter through the conduit 8 into the<br />antechamber 5 from where the fluid flows into the com-<br />pressor to be forced by the compressor through the<br />opening 21 connected to the pressure outlet of the com-<br />pressor and then along the conduit 8 through the cham-<br />bers 4 to the opening 23 from where the medium flows<br />in the manner described above to the condenser.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3v8pXMIru0ix3Y0i2wlj_pLJP7_MSAVOC595MjBAcMAgd0MBeVmXpfBrmgTqkW5ctxHjNIV2OIWuALIEsxTW7khsumyOFkOSDFtPN043nCUycenHV7QVntt31M0UzS-K2Tyx8vXBxSHFT/s1600/IMGH_05831.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3v8pXMIru0ix3Y0i2wlj_pLJP7_MSAVOC595MjBAcMAgd0MBeVmXpfBrmgTqkW5ctxHjNIV2OIWuALIEsxTW7khsumyOFkOSDFtPN043nCUycenHV7QVntt31M0UzS-K2Tyx8vXBxSHFT/s320/IMGH_05831.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In order to connect the compressor 4’ to the carrier<br />1, 2 in a fluid-tight manner, a steel plate 24 (Figs. 2,<br />10, 11 and 12) is soldered to the outer surfaces of the<br />antechambers 5 and 6 and the compressor is joined to<br />this steel plate 24 with a suitable sealing element located<br />therebetween. The plate 24 is provided with a pair of<br />elongated cutouts 25 separated by a wall portion of<br />the plate 24, and these cutouts 25 respectively commu-<br />nicate with the openings 21 and 22 and with the suction<br />and pressure sides of the compressor so that in this<br />way the compressor sucks fluid from chamber 5 and<br />forces fluid into chamber 6.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />The em</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBzNoeWurnbvU9u0k40mxaFKU-F7529M2oE1VbySEllBrlhYsK7zR20udmM0eqYHmpwUn2l2LVulh1nQOeD-2Wtns0-aGHjtytcRut65GqwLKjj223-EYQ8_p4ELhGTbYZXUomHijFogkX/s1600/STEMPEL-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBzNoeWurnbvU9u0k40mxaFKU-F7529M2oE1VbySEllBrlhYsK7zR20udmM0eqYHmpwUn2l2LVulh1nQOeD-2Wtns0-aGHjtytcRut65GqwLKjj223-EYQ8_p4ELhGTbYZXUomHijFogkX/s320/STEMPEL-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">bodiment of the invention which is illustrated<br />in Fig. 4- and which is suitable for motor compressor<br />units of lighter weight and smaller output as compared<br />to that associated with the embodiment of Figs. 1-3,<br />differs from that of Figs. 1-3 in that the carrier of Fig. 4<br />includes only one dished member 1a. The other sheet<br />metal member which cooperates with the dished sheet<br />metal member 1a to form the carrier of Fig. 4 is simply<br />in the form of a substantially disc-shaped plate 2a<br />soldered to the outer surface of the bottom wall of<br />the dished member 1a. With the embodiment of Fig. 4<br />only the sheet metal member 2a is formed with the<br />bulged portions which provide the chambers 3-6 and<br />the conduit means 7, 8 and 19 communicating with these<br />chambers. However, the bulged portions 9 which serve<br />as connections to the springs 10 and the bulged portions<br />11a which serve to connect the carrier to the motor are<br />formed in the dished member 1a. Furthermore, the<br />substantially frusto-conical tubular projections 16 and<br />17 are respectively formed in the members 2a and la<br />and serve in the same way as in the embodiment of<br />Figs. 1-3 to carry the bearing sleeve for the crank shaft<br />of the compressor. With the embodiment of Fig. 4 the<br />outer diameter of the single dished member 1a may be<br />made relatively large inasmuch as the bulged portions</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s1600/IMGH_05833.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s320/IMGH_05833.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Ila are formed by reentrant portions extending inwardly From the outer periphery of the dished member 1a, and with this embodiment, elements such as the blocks 14 shown in Fig. 1 are unnecessary and are omitted. Except for the above differences the embodiment of Fig. 4<br />is identical with that of Figs. 1-3 and cooperates in the same way with the motor and the compressor of the refrigerating machine.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMeGb5o4lTMF-1IU42zkk73xWVBIeZ-Vc5TS7PnYk9rsBcQnrPIn-72mkXBEIIzpGQqDIuIp8CiFXOaVPxXw5Nd3D5yL0KssPjQyH5jArsVciqne50gQz_zfFD-eRCf3ZbmzNPpuqbDIT2/s1600/STEMPEL-3.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMeGb5o4lTMF-1IU42zkk73xWVBIeZ-Vc5TS7PnYk9rsBcQnrPIn-72mkXBEIIzpGQqDIuIp8CiFXOaVPxXw5Nd3D5yL0KssPjQyH5jArsVciqne50gQz_zfFD-eRCf3ZbmzNPpuqbDIT2/s320/STEMPEL-3.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Figs. 5-8 illustrate an embodiment of the invention<br />which may advantageously be used with stators which<br />do not have a cylindrical outer configuration, but which<br />are, instead, more rectangular and provided with rounded<br />corners, as they are sometimes formed in the newer re-<br />frigerating machines in order to save weight and space.<br />Thus, with this embodiment of the invention, the carrier<br />includes essentially a four-cornered box 32 open at its<br />top as shown in Fig. 6 and formed by turning upwardly<br />and joining to each other the flaps 30a formed in the<br />plate 34) of Fig. 5 by forming angular cutouts 31 in the<br />corners of this plate 36, and a substantially fiat plate<br />33 joined to the outer surface of the bottom wall of the<br />box 32 and extending at one Sid? beyond the box 32.<br /><br /><br />The joining of the members 32 and 33 is preferably<br />formed by spot or roll welding at suitable places. Fur-<br />thermore, the upwardly bent flaps 30a which abut at<br />their side edges are welded together at these abutting side<br />edges. As is apparent from the drawings, the floor<br />portion of the box 32 as well as the plate 35 are formed<br />with the substantially frusto-conical tubular aligned ex-<br />tensions 17 and 16, respectively, which extend away<br />from each other in the manner shown in the drawings<br />and which serve to carry the bearing sleeve 18, as in-<br />dicated in Fig. 8. Furthermore, both the plate St) and<br />the plate 35 are formed with openings 20, the openings<br />20 of plate 35 being aligned with the openings 20 of<br />box 32 when these elements are joined to each other, and<br />the connecting screws 15 of the stator extend through<br />these openings when the motor is fixed to the carrier of<br />Figs. 5-8.<br /><br />The bulging portion</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMeGb5o4lTMF-1IU42zkk73xWVBIeZ-Vc5TS7PnYk9rsBcQnrPIn-72mkXBEIIzpGQqDIuIp8CiFXOaVPxXw5Nd3D5yL0KssPjQyH5jArsVciqne50gQz_zfFD-eRCf3ZbmzNPpuqbDIT2/s1600/STEMPEL-3.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMeGb5o4lTMF-1IU42zkk73xWVBIeZ-Vc5TS7PnYk9rsBcQnrPIn-72mkXBEIIzpGQqDIuIp8CiFXOaVPxXw5Nd3D5yL0KssPjQyH5jArsVciqne50gQz_zfFD-eRCf3ZbmzNPpuqbDIT2/s320/STEMPEL-3.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">s which form the noise-reducing<br />as well as fluid guiding chambers 3--6 as well as the<br />conduits communicating with the same are formed in<br />a separate plate 34 with the embodiment of Figs. 5-8,<br />this plate 34 being joined directly to the underside of<br />the plate 35 as by being soldered thereto in a fluid-tight<br />manner. In the same way as was described above, the<br />outer surfaces of the antechambers 5 and 6 have a plate<br />24 fixed thereto in order to properly connect the com-<br />pressor with these antechambers. After the three parts<br />32-34 are joined together in the abovedescribed manner,<br />the portion of parts 33 and 34 which extend beyond<br />the box 32 in the manner shown at the right of Fig. 8<br />are bent upwardly to the dot-dash line position indicated<br />in Fig. 8 so that the conduits 8 formed by elongated<br />bulges in the plate 34 are curved, and it will be noted<br />that in this dot-dash line position, which represents the<br />final form of the structure, the portion 35 of plate 33<br />which extends beyond the box 32 as well as the portion<br />of plate 34 joined to portion 35 are located closely ad-<br />jacent to the box 32 so that the space required for the<br />assembly is reduced in this way.<br /><br />A further embodiment of t</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBzNoeWurnbvU9u0k40mxaFKU-F7529M2oE1VbySEllBrlhYsK7zR20udmM0eqYHmpwUn2l2LVulh1nQOeD-2Wtns0-aGHjtytcRut65GqwLKjj223-EYQ8_p4ELhGTbYZXUomHijFogkX/s1600/STEMPEL-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBzNoeWurnbvU9u0k40mxaFKU-F7529M2oE1VbySEllBrlhYsK7zR20udmM0eqYHmpwUn2l2LVulh1nQOeD-2Wtns0-aGHjtytcRut65GqwLKjj223-EYQ8_p4ELhGTbYZXUomHijFogkX/s320/STEMPEL-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">he present invention is illus-<br />trated in Fig. 9 which is of advantage in that the distance<br />through which the compressor extends downwardly from<br />the carrier and radially toward the casing wall is less<br />than would otherwise be the case, which is of consider-<br />able significance with respect to the eflective size and<br />material requirements of the casing, so that with this<br />embodiment great advantage is derived from the saving<br />of space required by the casing in the refrigerator. As<br />is Well known, only a minimum space is provided in a<br />modern refrigerator to accommodate the refrigerating<br />machine.<br /><br />In contrast to the embodiment of Figs. 5-8, the em-<br />bodiment of Fig. 9 is provided with relatively large<br />frusto-conical tubular extensions 17a and 16a respectively<br />formed in the sheet metal plates 32 and 33 which are<br />joined to each other in a fluid-tight manner, as described<br />above. These plates 32 and 33 which are, for example,<br />soldered together, are fixed to the stator 12 in the man-<br />ner shown in Fig. 9. Because of the relatively large<br />aligned extensions 16a and 17a which extend away from<br />each other, these extensions together with the bearing<br />sleeve 13 carried by the same define a relatively large<br />chamber ea. Furthermore, the sheet metal member 33<br />is not spot welded to the dished sheet metal member 32.<br />instead, these members are soldered together in a fluid-<br />tight manner and furthermore, an opening 22a is stamped<br />in the member 33 and is located in a position diamet-<br /><br />'rically opposed to the tubular extension 40 which is<br /><br />soldered to the plate 33 in alignment with another open-<br />ing passing therethrough. Finally, the valve plate 24<br />of the compressor 41 fragmentarily illustrated in Fig. 9<br />is soldered in a fluid-tight manner to the plate 33 and<br />extends as much as possible toward the lower tubular<br />extension 16a.<br />In this manner, the distance through which the com-<br />pressor 41 extends downwardly and laterally from the<br />carrier 32, 33 of Fig. 9 is substantially shortened which<br />is principally made possible </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBzNoeWurnbvU9u0k40mxaFKU-F7529M2oE1VbySEllBrlhYsK7zR20udmM0eqYHmpwUn2l2LVulh1nQOeD-2Wtns0-aGHjtytcRut65GqwLKjj223-EYQ8_p4ELhGTbYZXUomHijFogkX/s1600/STEMPEL-2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBzNoeWurnbvU9u0k40mxaFKU-F7529M2oE1VbySEllBrlhYsK7zR20udmM0eqYHmpwUn2l2LVulh1nQOeD-2Wtns0-aGHjtytcRut65GqwLKjj223-EYQ8_p4ELhGTbYZXUomHijFogkX/s320/STEMPEL-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">by the fact that now the<br />chamber 4a may be used as part of the path for the fluid<br />under pressure as well as for noise-reducing purposes<br />and, therefore, this space between the tubular extension<br />and the bearing sleeve is no longer a dead space which<br />serves no purpose. The suction noise-reducing chamber<br />3:: is formed as a separate element with this embodiment<br />of the invention and communicates through a tube 42<br />connected to chamber 3a with a suitable bore formed in<br />the valve plate 24. The suction line communicates with<br />the chamber 3;; at the opening 43 thereof so that the<br />sealed gas may flow in the direction shown in the arrows<br />in Fig. 9 through the pressure noise-reducing chamber<br />dc: to the outlet opening 23;: of the tubular extension 4-2<br />to which the pressure line leading to the condenser is<br />joined.<br /><br />It will be understood that each of the elements de-<br />scribed above, or two or more together, may also find a<br />useful application in other types of refrigerating machines<br />differing from the types described above.<br /><br />While the invention has been illustrated and described<br />as embodied in a carrier for refrigerating machines, it is<br />not intended to be limited to the details shown, since<br />various modifications and structural changes may be<br />made without departing in -any way from the spirit of the<br />present invention.<br /><br />Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully<br />reveal the gist of the present invention that others can<br />by applying current knowledge readily adapt it for various<br />applications without omitting features that, from the stand-<br />point of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteris-<br />tics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention<br />and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended<br />to be comprehended within the meaning and range of<br />equivalence of the following claims.<br /><br />What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by<br />Letters Patent is:</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirc4E9JEYQ9FICEzyHS2Zv6IgNK7YJfgbZU7UtvymVW65zWUc71UXDmfpRx36yvydPOEUI38s91lUZSpcMhgYjl_Giy7i4kNvAQnnnYwJvtZ1pPrqPJj5FpwbHXw5zXd_LjxqC1164pO4L/s1600/IMGH_05832.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirc4E9JEYQ9FICEzyHS2Zv6IgNK7YJfgbZU7UtvymVW65zWUc71UXDmfpRx36yvydPOEUI38s91lUZSpcMhgYjl_Giy7i4kNvAQnnnYwJvtZ1pPrqPJj5FpwbHXw5zXd_LjxqC1164pO4L/s320/IMGH_05832.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">1. A carrier for the motor compressor of a hermeti-<br />cally sealed refrigerator machine comprising, in com-<br />bination, two sheet metal members at least partly over-<br />lapping and joined fluid-tightly to each other, said sheet<br />metal members respectively being formed with aligned<br />tubular extensions extending away from each other; a<br />bearing sleeve extending into and fixed to said tubular<br />extensions and adapted to support a crank shaft for the<br />compressor; and closed chamber means formed in part<br />by at least one of said sheet metal members and adapted<br />to be connected to the compressor and the condenser of<br />the refrigerator machine for forming a noise-reducing<br />chamber.<br /><br />2. A carrier for use in a refrigerating machine com-<br />prising, in combination, a first sheet metal member adapted<br />to be connected to the stator of a motor and a second<br />sheet metal member overlapping and joined in a fluid—tight<br />manner to said first sheet metal member, said second<br />sheet metal member having an outwardly bulged portion<br />forming with said first sheet metal member a noise-re-<br />ducing chamber through which a fluid is adapted to pass<br />and said first sheet metal member including a tubular<br />portion formed integrally therewith for supporting a<br />bearing for a crankshaft of a compressor.<br /><br />3. A carrier, adapted to be connected</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoxyFW54TIWyl2jG_i4ofKicH_sOjNzheVoXyt99mJn0LMqTn_J5f0RU7FTMQ2OcmBVMa6SR6HMzB1jzB9Lx0SrfE-Ly-iTTfc7-0TD39fFdwaJzgrOAYiARiJMRluSNPb4Di-ioc4Hm3p/s1600/STEMPEL-4.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoxyFW54TIWyl2jG_i4ofKicH_sOjNzheVoXyt99mJn0LMqTn_J5f0RU7FTMQ2OcmBVMa6SR6HMzB1jzB9Lx0SrfE-Ly-iTTfc7-0TD39fFdwaJzgrOAYiARiJMRluSNPb4Di-ioc4Hm3p/s320/STEMPEL-4.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"> to the motor and<br />compressor of a refrigerating machine, comprising, in<br />combination, inner and outer dished sheet metal mem-<br />bers nested together and joined to each other in a fluid-<br />tight manner, said outer member being formed with bulg-<br />ing portions bulging away from said inner member and<br />the latter being formed with depressions bulging away<br />from said bulging portions of said outer member and de-<br />fining with the latter a plurality of chambers, said outer<br />member being formed with grooves communicating with<br />said chambers and with openings for connecting said<br />chambers to a compressor and for connecting said sheet<br />metal members to the stator of a motor.<br /><br />4. A carrier, adapted to be connected to the motor<br />and compressor of a refrigerating machine, comprising, in<br />combination, inner and outer dished sheet metal members<br />nested together and joined to each other in la fluid-tight<br />manner, said outer member being formed with bulging<br />portions bulging away from said inner member and the<br />latter being formed with depressions bulging away from<br />said bulging portions of said outer member and defin-<br />ing with the latter a plurality of chambers, said outer<br />member being formed with grooves communicating with<br />said chambers and with openings for connecting said<br />chambers to a compressor and for connecting said sheet<br />metal members to the stator of a motor, said inner and<br />outer members being respectively formed with aligned<br />integral tubular portions extending away from each other<br />and serving to carry a bearing for a crankshaft".</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLcZInmGG-OXU0sfKTWOkWWpGFgwgaz5WF1EUgwAqI6pOKY5GFcOOlfqGs2xXq4oQ-Z0Yn3FQrfwCTEYgKAjBVd-nFzHyIGO_fDDSzqduVK3EuBh1w1Tr4KnZqR-j7ZurSup7KLy2ZJEgB/s1600/IMGH_05826.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLcZInmGG-OXU0sfKTWOkWWpGFgwgaz5WF1EUgwAqI6pOKY5GFcOOlfqGs2xXq4oQ-Z0Yn3FQrfwCTEYgKAjBVd-nFzHyIGO_fDDSzqduVK3EuBh1w1Tr4KnZqR-j7ZurSup7KLy2ZJEgB/s320/IMGH_05826.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">5. A carrier, adapted to be connected to a motor and<br />compressor of a refrigerating machine, comprising, in<br />combination, a first box-shaped sheet metal member ope<br />at one side and having opposite said open side a wall<br />portion formed with an integral tubular extension; :1<br />second sheet metal member fixed to and extending beyond<br />said wall portion of said first member and having an in-<br />tegral tubular extension aligned with and extending away<br />from said tubular extension of said box--shaped member;<br />and a third sheet metal member formed with a plurality<br />of depressions some of which communicate with each<br />other, said third member being joined in a fluid-tight<br />manner to said second member at the face thereof dis-<br />tant from said first member and said depressions form-<br />ing with said second member suction and pressure noise-<br />reducing chambers as well as chambers adapted to com-<br />municate respectively with the suction and pressure sides<br />of a compressor.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3v8pXMIru0ix3Y0i2wlj_pLJP7_MSAVOC595MjBAcMAgd0MBeVmXpfBrmgTqkW5ctxHjNIV2OIWuALIEsxTW7khsumyOFkOSDFtPN043nCUycenHV7QVntt31M0UzS-K2Tyx8vXBxSHFT/s1600/IMGH_05831.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3v8pXMIru0ix3Y0i2wlj_pLJP7_MSAVOC595MjBAcMAgd0MBeVmXpfBrmgTqkW5ctxHjNIV2OIWuALIEsxTW7khsumyOFkOSDFtPN043nCUycenHV7QVntt31M0UzS-K2Tyx8vXBxSHFT/s320/IMGH_05831.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzKiq14RHgyTUTHTMChsVck2CdTPpLZAUaTyigEmmH6CnTjTHZGKkzhlLQS1I9tvQIvzK8OUpEZNFmmwhVszROkPungV4VN6w2gzvgEtFiDw1pJ4newZ4gF1aCgd2onUgkbxB0s5l3yFsa/s1600/STEMPEL-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzKiq14RHgyTUTHTMChsVck2CdTPpLZAUaTyigEmmH6CnTjTHZGKkzhlLQS1I9tvQIvzK8OUpEZNFmmwhVszROkPungV4VN6w2gzvgEtFiDw1pJ4newZ4gF1aCgd2onUgkbxB0s5l3yFsa/s320/STEMPEL-6.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">6. A carrier, adapted to be connected to a motor and<br />compressor of a refrigerating machine, comprising, in<br />combination, a first box-shaped sheet metal member open<br />at one side and having opposite said open side a wall<br />portion formed with an integral tubular extension; a<br />second sheet metal member fixed to and extending beyond<br />said wall portion of said first member and having an in-<br />tegral tubular extension aligned with and extending away<br />from said tubular extension of said box—shaped member;<br />and a third sheet metal member formed with a plurality<br />of depressions some of which communicate with each<br />other, said third member being joined in Va fluid-tight<br />manner to said second member at the face thereof dis-<br />tant from said first member and said depressions form-<br />ing with said second member suction and pressure noise-<br />reducing chambers as well as chambers adapted to com-<br />municate respectively with the suction and pressure sides<br />of a compressor, the portion of said second and third<br />members which extend beyond said first member being<br />curved away from the remainder of said second and third<br />members and located adjacent said first member.<br /><br />7. A carrier, adapted to be attached to the motor and<br />compressor of a refrigerating machine, comprising a first<br />dished sheet metal member formed with a frusto-conical<br />tubular extension; 21 second sheet metal member joined<br />in a fluid-tight manner to said first member an</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzUHqPyMZaeMEk7JEM7cQbH7Dw4UuDrbO0Lu-ZE7UWlB0u1uAa493FWYAy6Xf7dxdGve7jhxux6xPdCaMAyD3GNv3rEbrx0SAoxLKAvTVESPXDzEZzNTSueTnk6jQwneJ36cv6dO33mqby/s1600/STEMPEL-5.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzUHqPyMZaeMEk7JEM7cQbH7Dw4UuDrbO0Lu-ZE7UWlB0u1uAa493FWYAy6Xf7dxdGve7jhxux6xPdCaMAyD3GNv3rEbrx0SAoxLKAvTVESPXDzEZzNTSueTnk6jQwneJ36cv6dO33mqby/s320/STEMPEL-5.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;">d formed<br />with a frusto-conical tubular extension aligned with and<br />extending away from said extension of said first member,<br />said second member being formed with a pair of openings<br />communicating with the interior of said conical extension<br />of said first member; a bearing sleeve fixed within said<br />tubular extensions of said first and second members and<br />defining with the latter a noise-reducing pressure chamber<br />adapted to communicate through one of said openings<br />with a compressor and through the other of said openings<br />with a condenser.<br /><br />8. In a refrigerating machine, in combination, a pair of<br />sheet metal members superimposed on each other, said<br />sheet metal members having respectively opposite contacting portions fixedly connected to each other and op-<br />posite portions respectively spaced from each other, said<br />spaced portions forming respectively a pressure noise-<br />reducing chamber adapted to be connected to a condenser,<br /> pressure antechamber communicating with said pres-<br />sure noise—reducing chamber and adapted to be connected<br />to the pressure outlet of a compressor, a suction noise-<br />reducing chamber adapted to communicate with an evapo-<br />rator, a suction antechamber communicating with said<br />suction noise-reducing chamber and adapted to communi-<br />cate with the suction inlet of the compressor, all of said<br />chambers and the communications therewith being formed<br />only from said two sheet metal members.<br /><br />9. In a refrigerating machine, in combination, a pair<br />of sheet metal members superimposed on each other, said<br />sleet metal members having respectively opposite con-<br />tacting portions fixedly connected to each other and op-<br />posite portions respectively spaced from each other, said<br />spaced portions forming respectively a pressure noise-<br />reducing chamber adapted to be connected to a condenser,<br />a pressure antechambcr communicating with said pressure<br />noise—reducing chamber and adapted to be connected to<br />the pressure outlet of a compressor, a suction noise-reduc-<br />ing chamber adapted to communicate with an evaporator,<br />a suction antccharnber communicating with said suction<br />noise-reducing chamber and adapted to communicate with<br />the suction inlet of the compressor, all of said chambers<br />and the communications therewith being formed only<br />from said two sheet metal members; and a tubular projec-<br />tion intcgral with one of said members for carrying a hear-<br />ing for the crankshaft of the compressor.<br /><br />10. A carrier, adapted to be connected to the motor<br />and compressor of a refrigerating machine, comprising,<br />in combination, inner and outer dished sheet metal mem-<br />bers nested together and joined to each other in a fluid-<br />tight manner, said outer member being formed with bulg-<br />ing portions bulging away from said inner member and<br />the latter being formed with depressions bulging away<br />from said bulging portions of said outer member and de-<br />fining with the latter a plurality of chambers, said outer<br />member being formed with grooves communicating with<br />said chambers and with openings for connecting said<br />chambers to a compressor and for connecting said sheet<br />metal members to the stator</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzKiq14RHgyTUTHTMChsVck2CdTPpLZAUaTyigEmmH6CnTjTHZGKkzhlLQS1I9tvQIvzK8OUpEZNFmmwhVszROkPungV4VN6w2gzvgEtFiDw1pJ4newZ4gF1aCgd2onUgkbxB0s5l3yFsa/s1600/STEMPEL-6.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzKiq14RHgyTUTHTMChsVck2CdTPpLZAUaTyigEmmH6CnTjTHZGKkzhlLQS1I9tvQIvzK8OUpEZNFmmwhVszROkPungV4VN6w2gzvgEtFiDw1pJ4newZ4gF1aCgd2onUgkbxB0s5l3yFsa/s320/STEMPEL-6.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"> of a motor, and said outer<br />member being formed with bulged portions for connecting<br />said members to the stator of a motor.<br /><br />11. A carrier, adapted to be connected to the motor<br />and compressor of a refrigerating machine, comprising,<br /> combination, inner and outer dished sheet metal mem-<br />‘ocrs nested together and joined to each other in a fluid-<br />trght manner, said outer member being formed with<br />bulging portions bulging away from said inner member<br />and the latter being formed with depressions bulging away<br />from said bulging portions of said outer member and de-<br />fining with the latter a plurality of chambers, said outer<br />member being formed with grooves communicating with<br />said chambers and with openings for connecting said<br />chambers to a compressor and for connecting said sheet<br />metal members to the state: of a motor, -and said outer<br />member being "formed with bulged portions for connecting<br />said members to the stator of a motor, said inner and outer<br />members being formed with opposed bulged portions for<br />connecting to said members springs for supporting the<br />carrier.</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3v8pXMIru0ix3Y0i2wlj_pLJP7_MSAVOC595MjBAcMAgd0MBeVmXpfBrmgTqkW5ctxHjNIV2OIWuALIEsxTW7khsumyOFkOSDFtPN043nCUycenHV7QVntt31M0UzS-K2Tyx8vXBxSHFT/s1600/IMGH_05831.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3v8pXMIru0ix3Y0i2wlj_pLJP7_MSAVOC595MjBAcMAgd0MBeVmXpfBrmgTqkW5ctxHjNIV2OIWuALIEsxTW7khsumyOFkOSDFtPN043nCUycenHV7QVntt31M0UzS-K2Tyx8vXBxSHFT/s320/IMGH_05831.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">12. A carrier, adapted to be connected to the motor and<br />compressor of a refrigerating machine, comprising, in<br />combination, a dished sheet metal member formed in a<br />rim portion with reentrant portions for connecting the<br />said dished member to a stator of a motor, said dished<br />member also being formed in a wall portion thereof sur-<br />rounded by said rim portion with bulged portions adapted<br />to be connected to springs; and a second sheet metal mem-<br />ber fixed in a fluid-tight manner to the outer surface of<br />said wall portion of said dished member and formed with<br />a pluraIity of depressions some of which communicate References Cited in the file of this patent<br />with each other and whose interior spaces are directed <br />toward said outer surface of said wall portion of said<br />first member to define with the latter suction and pressure <br />chambers adapted to reduce noise and to provide communication between a compressor and an evaporator and <br />condenser respectively.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b></b></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /></b></span>
<br />
<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br />
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>IGNI</b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b>S (SIRI) MOD. 4210 SERIE IL MILIONE Motor-compressor </b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b>STEMPEL HERMETIK HP 1/8 V220 V230 50/60HZ.</b></span></div>
<div style="color: black;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirc4E9JEYQ9FICEzyHS2Zv6IgNK7YJfgbZU7UtvymVW65zWUc71UXDmfpRx36yvydPOEUI38s91lUZSpcMhgYjl_Giy7i4kNvAQnnnYwJvtZ1pPrqPJj5FpwbHXw5zXd_LjxqC1164pO4L/s1600/IMGH_05832.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirc4E9JEYQ9FICEzyHS2Zv6IgNK7YJfgbZU7UtvymVW65zWUc71UXDmfpRx36yvydPOEUI38s91lUZSpcMhgYjl_Giy7i4kNvAQnnnYwJvtZ1pPrqPJj5FpwbHXw5zXd_LjxqC1164pO4L/s320/IMGH_05832.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s1600/IMGH_05833.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s320/IMGH_05833.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br style="color: black;" />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br />The present invention relates to motor-compressors.<br /><br />More particular</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3v8pXMIru0ix3Y0i2wlj_pLJP7_MSAVOC595MjBAcMAgd0MBeVmXpfBrmgTqkW5ctxHjNIV2OIWuALIEsxTW7khsumyOFkOSDFtPN043nCUycenHV7QVntt31M0UzS-K2Tyx8vXBxSHFT/s1600/IMGH_05831.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3v8pXMIru0ix3Y0i2wlj_pLJP7_MSAVOC595MjBAcMAgd0MBeVmXpfBrmgTqkW5ctxHjNIV2OIWuALIEsxTW7khsumyOFkOSDFtPN043nCUycenHV7QVntt31M0UzS-K2Tyx8vXBxSHFT/s320/IMGH_05831.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">ly, the present invention relates to<br />motor-compressors of the type which are hermetically<br />sealed and “used in household refrigerators, for example.<br /><br />With such motor-compressors it is known to provide<br />a carrier which is common to the motor as well as the<br />compressor in order to provide a very compact arrange-<br />ment. However, the motor-compressors known upto<br />the present time are expensive to manufacture particu-<br />larly because of the difficulties in providing the suction<br />and discharge valves for the cylinder of the compressor.<br />It is conventional to locate these valves in the end wall<br />of the cylinder, and this latter arrangement is exceed-<br />ingly complicated and expensive because of the necessity<br />for providing in the end wall of the cylinder a chamber<br />for accommodating both the suction and the- discharge<br />valves as wellas all of the structure associated ‘with the<br />suction and discharge valves. . V<br /><br />One of the objectsiof the present invention is to over-<br />come the above drawbacks by providing an arrangement<br />which is far less expensive than the conventional;ar.-<br />rangement described above.<br /><br />Another ‘object of the present invention is to provide<br />an‘ arrangement where only one valve need be accom-<br />modated at the end Wall of the cylinder of ‘the com-<br />pressor.<br /><br />A further objectof the present i</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLcZInmGG-OXU0sfKTWOkWWpGFgwgaz5WF1EUgwAqI6pOKY5GFcOOlfqGs2xXq4oQ-Z0Yn3FQrfwCTEYgKAjBVd-nFzHyIGO_fDDSzqduVK3EuBh1w1Tr4KnZqR-j7ZurSup7KLy2ZJEgB/s1600/IMGH_05826.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLcZInmGG-OXU0sfKTWOkWWpGFgwgaz5WF1EUgwAqI6pOKY5GFcOOlfqGs2xXq4oQ-Z0Yn3FQrfwCTEYgKAjBVd-nFzHyIGO_fDDSzqduVK3EuBh1w1Tr4KnZqR-j7ZurSup7KLy2ZJEgB/s320/IMGH_05826.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">nvention is to pro<br />vide a motor.-compressor partwhich serves to mount the<br />cylinder on the carrier of the motor-compressor with a<br />structure which enables this part to additionally serve<br />the function of housing a valve of the motor-compressor.<br /><br />An additional‘ object of the; present invention is to <br />provide a structure capable of accomplishingall of the<br />above objects and at the same time being composed of<br />simple ‘and ruggedly constructed; elements which are in-<br />expensive to manufacture and assemble and which are<br />very reliable in operation. <br />With the above objects in view, the present invention<br />mainly consists of a motor-compressor which includes a<br />carrier for carrying both the motor and compressor. A<br />cylinder forms part of the compressor and is provided<br />of the cylinder for controlling the flow of fluid therefrom. <br />The novel features which are considered as character-<br />istic for the invention are set forth in particular in the<br />appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as<br />to its construction and its method of operation, together<br />with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be<br />best understood from the following description. of specific<br />embodiments when read in connection with the accom-<br />panying drawings, in which: <br /><br />Fig. 1 is a fragmentary, sectional, perspective, partly<br />exploded view of a construction according to the present<br />invention; <br /><br />Fig. 2 is a plan view of the cylinder of the compressor<br />with the block which mounts the cylinder on the carrier<br />which is common to the compressor and the_motor; <br /><br />Fig. 2a is a fragmentary elevational view illustrating<br />the manner in which the cylinder is fixed to the carrier;<br /><br />Fig. 3 is a perspective exploded view .illustrating the<br />structure of the suction valve of the cylinder; <br /><br />Fig. 3a is a fragmentary sectional view further illustrat-<br />ing the ‘structure of the suction valve of ‘the cylinder; ‘ _<br /><br />Fig. 4 is a -sectional elevational view onan enlarged<br />scale illustrating the discharge valve structure according<br />to the present invention; and <br /><br />Fig. 5 is a fragmentary plan view taken alongline 5--5<br />of Fig. 4 in the direction of the arrows.’ ‘ <br /><br />Referring now to the drawings and to Fig.‘ 1 in par-<br />ticular, it will be seen that a carrier 18 is provided for<br />carrying both the motor and the compressor. This car-<br />rier l8 isjmade of sheet metal and is ‘suitably shaped<br />as indicated in Fig._ 1 for carrying both the motor ‘and<br />the compressor. The stator" of the motor is directly<br />carried by the carrier 18, and at the upper left_ portion<br />of Fig. 1 is shown‘ the bearing of the motor which turn-<br />ably guides the motor shaft, this hearing being ‘directly<br />carried by the carrier 18, as indicated in Fig. _1. “The<br />motor shaft extends downwardly beyond the bearing<br />shown at the upper left portion of </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s1600/STEMPEL-7.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s320/STEMPEL-7.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Fig. 1 in a substan-<br />tially vertical direction and is connected through a suit-<br />able crank to a piston which reciprocates i.n the cylinder<br />1 shown in Fig. 1, this cylinder, 1 ‘forming part'.o_f the<br />compressor which is also carried, by the carrier 18.<br />The cylinder 1 is fixed to, the carrier 18 ‘through the<br />medium of a block 2 which will be further ‘described<br />below. <br /><br />The cylinder 1 has an elongated end portion‘ 3 of a.<br />lesser thickness than the remainder of the cylinder ‘and<br />joined to the remainder of the cylinder by a shoulder 4.<br />An end ‘wall 5 together with a sealing disc _6 formfan<br />end wall means for the cylinder, and this end. wall‘._5,is<br />' surrounded by the end portion 3 of. the cylinder and.is<br />with an end portion of a lesser wall thickness than the <br />remainder of the cylinder and joined to the remainder<br />of the cylinder by a shoulder in the, interior of the cylin-<br />der. This end portion of the cylinder accommodates<br />an end wall which is fixed to the cylinder and formed<br />with a bore for admitting fluid into the interior of the<br />cylinder. Between this end wall and? the shoulder of<br />the cylinder there is clamped, a« sealing ‘disc which is<br />formed with an elongated cutout in which is located a<br />valve member for opening and closing the bore of the<br />end wall ‘of the cylinder. The cylinder is further formed<br />with a lateral bore which ‘communicates with a bore in<br />a ‘block which forms part of ‘a mounting means for<br />mounting the cylinder on the carrier. ‘This mounting<br />meansincludes a discharge‘ valve structure which com-<br />municates through a bore of the block with the interior<br />spaced from the shoulder 4, in the manner indicatedjin<br />Fig. 1.. The sealing disc 6 is, clamped between the shoul-<br />der 4 and the end wall 5,‘_and’this clamping is‘brought<br />about by the free end portion of the cylinder which </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s1600/IMGH_05833.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s320/IMGH_05833.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">ex-<br />tends beyond the end walls and which is rolled over<br />in the manner indicated in Fig. 1 against the ‘end wall<br />5 to fix the latter to the cylinder as ‘well has to press<br />the sealing disc 6 against end wall 5 and the ‘shoulder <br />This sealing disc 6 may be made of any relatively soft<br />metal such as lead or tin, or it may be made of a_ -suitable plastic. <br />The end wall 5 is formed with a substantially“axial-<br />bore 7 through which fluid to be compressed‘ e‘nters.int_o<br />the‘ cylinder 1 during the suction strokes of thepiston<br />which lies therein. 1 At its face which is directedtoward<br />the interior of the cylinder 1, the end wall _5 is, formed<br />with an annular recess surrounding the bore 7 and pro-<br />viding at the inner face of the end wall 5 a valve ‘seat<br />portions.<br />The sealing disc 6 is formed, as is shown Almost"'clear<br />in’Fig. 3, with -an elongated‘ diametr-al cutout 10 which<br />is‘ of a substantially rectangular configuration and which<br />has narrow end portions 11, so as to provide the cutout<br />1_0: withclateral portions 12 which. are wider than the<br />portions 11. The end portions 11 of ‘the cutout Ill ex-<br />tend almost upto the periphery of the disc 6 and over-<br />lap,’ the. shoulder 4, in the manner shown most clearly<br />in Fig. 3a. .<br /><br />The valve. member 9 is in the form of an elongated<br />metal strip, for example, and has a lesser thickness than<br />the sealing disc 6, as shown in _Fig._ 3a. This valve mem-<br />ber..9.'overlaps~with its free end portions the shoulder 4,<br />so that, as indicated in Fig. 3a, the valve member 9 is<br />freely movable between the shoulder 4 and the end wall<br />5; within the limits provided by the difference between<br />the thickness of the sealing disc 6 and the valve member<br />9. As is indicated in Fig. 1,. the annular channel of the<br />end. wall" 5 whichforms the valve seat 8 is wider than<br />the valve member 9, so that the latter is capable of en-<br />gaging. the valve seat 8 without interference in order<br />to close the bore 7.<br /><br />THE opeRAtion. of the above described suction valve<br />structure for the cylinder 1 is believed to be evident.<br />‘Whenever. the piston in the cylinder 1 performs a suc-<br />tion stroke it willfautomatically draw the valve member<br />9.. away from the plate 5 to. open the bore 7, while .dur-<br />ing the pressure. strolzesof the piston the valve member<br />9 will be urged automatically into engagement with the<br />valve seat 8 in order to close the bore 7.<br /><br />The block 2 which serves to connect the cylinder 1 of<br />the compressor to the carrier 18 is formed with a ‘bore<br />13,’and a lateral wall portion of cylinder .1 is formed with<br />a.bo1'.e which forms an extensionof the bore 13 and<br />which. is tangential to the shoulder 4 and the disc 6,<br />asisindicated in Fig. 1.. These latter bores form the<br />discharge bore. thro</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s1600/STEMPEL-7.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s320/STEMPEL-7.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">ughwwhich-fluid‘ under pressure is<br />discharged.fROm..the.interior..of thecylinder .1 during the<br />compression strokes of the pistontherein.<br /><br />A channel means.22a is fixed to.the carrier .18 in the<br />manner indicated in Fig. llto form therewith a pressure<br />chamber .22 which also serves as .a noise reducing cham-<br />hen. This. pressure chamber 22 communicates with a<br />discharge conduit 25. The channel means 22a includes<br />apart opposite ‘a wall portion .of the carrier.18 and<br />formed with oneof a pair of openings 21 communicat-<br />ing with. the interior of the pressure chamber 22.<br /><br />c A wall. member 23a is fixed to the channel means 22a<br />at its exterior wall and is also formed with an opening<br />Zlcommunioating with the opening 21 of the channel<br />means 22a. Four side walls 23 are fixed to and extend<br />fromthe -wall 23a to form therewith a substantially box-<br />shaped structure which. serves as a discharge valve cham-<br />ber... A sealing ring 21: engages the free edges of the<br />walls» 23, and the block 2 engages the sealing ring 2a.<br />As..is, indicated in Figs. 2 and 2a the block 2 is formed<br />witha pair of openings 19 through which a bolt extends<br />into threaded engagement with a pair of the walls 23 in<br />order to fix the block 2 to the walls 23, and in this way<br />fix the cylinder 1 to the carrier 18, the ‘cylinder 1 being<br />‘directly fixed to the block 2. The. channel means 22a<br />may be soldered or welded to the carrier 18, and the wall<br />23a may be soldered or welded to the channel means 22a,<br />while the four walls 23 also may be soldered or welded<br />to the wall 23a. Thus, it will be seen that the block 2<br />together with the walls 23a.and 23 form a valve cham-<br />ber 20 in which a discharge valve means is accom-<br />modated. <br /><br />The. face 14 of the block 2 which.is.‘directed toward<br />the. interior. of the enclosure 20 and away from the cyl-<br />inder .1 is polished and is.formed with an annular recess<br />surrounding the bore 13 and providing at the interior of<br />the enclosure 20 a valve seat 15. An elongated. valve<br />member 16 having awidthwhioh is less than the outer<br />diameter of the annular recess defining the valve seat 15<br />iswadapted to engage the -valve seat 15 for closing the<br />bore 13 and to move’ away from the valve seat 15 for<br />opening the bore. The structure of the discharge valve<br />means isshown most clearly in Figs. 4 and 5.<br /><br />Thus, referring to Figs. 4 and 5 it will be seen that the<br />block 2 has a pair of pins 17:: fixed to and extending<br />therefrom into the interior of the enclosure 20. These<br />pins extend through a valve stop member 16a and into<br />a pair of coil springs 17 in order. to guide the latter.<br />Thus, the springs 17 urge the valve stop member 16::<br />toward the block 2, this valve stop member 16a being<br />formed with bores through which the pins 17a freely<br />extend. As is indicated in Fig. 4 the central portion of<br />the valve stop member 16a is curved away from the block<br />2 and has a concave face directed toward the same. </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s1600/STEMPEL-7.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s320/STEMPEL-7.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">The valve member 16 is located between the stop<br />member 16a and the block~2, and thistvalve member 16<br />is formed at its ends portions with a pair of notches<br />through which the pins 17a freely extend, as clearly indi-<br />cated in ‘Fig. 5. Thus, the springs 17 act through the<br />member 16a to urge the" valve 16 to its closed position,<br />where the valve 16 engages the valve seat 15. However,<br />when fluid under pressure is urged through the bore 13<br />from the cylinder 1 during the pressure strokes of the<br />piston therein, the fluid under pressure is capable of mov-<br />ing thevalve member 16 away from the valve seat 15<br />into engagement with the central curved portion of the<br />valve stop member 16a, and at’ this-time the fluid under<br />pressure can flow freely into the enclosure 20 and through<br />the openings 21’ into the pressure chamber 22 and from<br />the latter through the discharge conduit 25. During. the<br />suction strokes of the piston in the ‘cylinder 1, the valve<br />member 16 automatically .moves back to ‘its.position-en-<br />gaging the valve seat 15 for closing the bore 13. Thus‘,<br />the structure whichserves to mount. -the cylinder '1 on<br />the carrier 18 also serves to accommodate the discharge<br />valve structure which cooperates withithe compressor.<br /><br />A suction. chamber 24 which also serves as -anoise re-<br />ducing chamber is provided,- in’ the ‘manner’ shown’ in<br />Fig. 1, with a wall portion having ‘a tubular extension 7a<br />drawn therefrom, and this tubular extension 7a extends<br />with a press fit intothe bore —7 of the end wall 5, so that<br />in this exceedingly simple manner the suction chamber<br />24 is fixed directly to the end walL<br />Thus, it will be seen that with the above described<br />structure of the invention the end wall ‘assembly of- the<br />cylinder is exceedingly simple,’ and the structure for<br />mounting the cylinder on the carrier 18 also serves to<br />‘accommodate the discharge valve structure for the cylin-<br />der. Thus, the cost of the assembly‘ is greatly reduced.<br />The unillustrated parts of the motor compressor are con-<br />ventional and well known to those skilled in the art.<br />It will be understood thateach of the elements de-<br />scribed above, or two or more together, may ‘also find<br />a useful application in other types of motor-compressors<br />difiesring from the types described above. .</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s1600/IMGH_05833.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s320/IMGH_05833.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">‘While the invention has.been illustrated and described<br />as embodied in motor-compressors for household‘ re-<br />frigerators and the-like, it is not intended to be limited to<br />the details shown, since various modifications and struc-<br />tural changes may be made without departing in any way<br />from the spirit of the present invention.<br /><br />Without further ‘analysis, the foregoing will so fully<br />reveal the gist‘ of the present invention that others can by<br />applying current knowledge readily adapt it for various<br />applications without ‘omitting features that, from’ the<br />standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential char-<br />acteristics of the generic or‘ specific aspects of thisinven-<br />tion and, therefore, such adaptations should and are in-<br />tended to be comprehended within the meaning and range<br />of equivalence of the following claims. <br /><br />What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by<br />Letters Patent is: <br /><br />1. In a motor-compressor, incombination, a cylinder<br />forming of the compressor-and having an openend<br />portion of lesserwall thickness than the remainder of<br />said cylinder joined to the remainder of "said, cylinder by<br />a shoulder in the i</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s1600/STEMPEL-7.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s320/STEMPEL-7.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">nterior of said cylinder; an end wall<br />surrounded by said open end portion of lesser thickness<br />of said cylinder and closing said open end portion of said<br />cylinder, said end wall being spaced from said shoulder;<br />a sealing disc located between and engaging said end wall<br />and said shoulder, said sealing disc being formed with a<br />cutout and said end wall being formed with a bore com-<br />municating with said cutout; means for clamping said<br />sealing disc between said shoulder and said end wall and<br />for fixing said end wall to said cylinder; and a valve<br />member of lesser thickness than said sealing disc located<br />in said cutout thereof and adapted to move toward ‘and<br />away from said end wall for closing and opening said<br />bore thereof. -<br /><br />2. In a motor-compressor, in combination, carrier<br />means for carrying a motor and a compressor; a cylinder<br />forming part of the compressor and having an end por-<br />tion of a lesser thickness than the remainder of the cylin-<br />der and joined to the remainder of the cylinder by a<br />shoulder located in the interior of said cylinder; mount-<br />ing means fixed to a side of said cylinder adjacent said<br />end portion thereof and mounting said cylinder on said<br />canrier means, said mounting means including a block<br />fixed directly to said cylinder and having a free face dis-<br />tant from said cylinder, said free face having a valve<br />seat portion and said 'b1ock being formed with a bore-<br />which communicates with the interior of said cylinder<br />and which is surrounded by said valve seat portion; first<br />valve means located in said mounting means and cooper-<br />ating with said valve seat portion of said block for con-<br />trolling the flow of fluid in said cylinder; end wall means<br />fixed to said cylinder and said end portion of lesser thick-<br />ness and engaging said shoulder of said cylinder, said<br />end wall means including an outer end wall spaced from<br />said shoulder and an inner sealing disc located between<br />said shoulder and end wall, clamped between said shoul-<br />der and end wall, and formed with an elongated cutout<br />extending substantially diametrically across said disc and<br />overlapping said shoulder, said end wall being formed<br />with -'a bore communicating with said cutout and sur-<br />rounded at the face of said end wall directed toward the<br />interior of said cylinder with a second valve seat portion;<br />and an elongated valve member of a lesser thickness than<br />said disc located in said elongated cutout thereof, having<br />'a pair of free end portions overlapping said shoulder of<br />said cylinder, and adapted to move into and out of en-<br />gagement with said second valve seat portion for closing<br />and opening said bore in said end wall.<br /><br />3. In ‘a motor-compressor, in combination, carrier<br />means for carrying a motor and la compressor; a cylin-<br />der forming part of the compressor and having an end<br />portion of a lesser thickness than the remainder of the<br />cylinder and joined to the remainder of the cylinder by a<br />shoulder located in the interior of said cylinder; mount-<br />ing means fixed to a side of said cylinder adjacent said<br />end portion thereof and mounting said cylinder on said<br />carrier means, said mounting means including a block<br />fixed directly to said cylinder and having a free face<br />distant from said cylinder, said free fiace having a valve<br />seat portion and said block being formed with a bore<br />which communicates with the interior of said cylinder<br />and which is surrounded by said valve seat portion; first<br />valve means located in said mounting means and co-<br />operating with said valve seat portion of said block for<br />controlling the flow of fluid in said cylinder; end wall<br />means fixed to said cylinder and said end portion of les-<br />ser thickness and engaging said shoulder of said cylinder,<br />said end ‘wall means including an outer end tilall spaced<br />from said shoulder and an inner sealing disc located be-<br />tween said shoulder and end wall, clamped between said<br />shoulder and end wall, and formed with an elongated cut-<br />out extending substantially diametrically across said disc<br />and overlapping said shoulder, said end wall being formed<br />with a bore communicating with said cutout and sur-<br />rounded at the face of said end wall directed toward the<br />interior of -said cylinder with a second valve seat<br />portion; and an elongated valve member of a lesser<br />thickness than said disc located</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s1600/STEMPEL-7.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s320/STEMPEL-7.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> in said elongated cutout<br />thereof, having a pair of free end portions overlapping<br />said shoulder of said cylinder, and adapted to move into<br />and out of engagement with said second valve seat portion<br />for closing and opening said bore in said end wall, said<br />cylinder being formed with «‘a «bore extending substan-<br />tially radially from the axis of said cylinder, and being<br />tangential to said sealing disc, and forming an extension<br />of said bore of said block. ,<br /><br />4. In a motor-compressor, in combination, carrier<br />means for carrying a motor and a compressor; a cylinder<br />forming part of the compressor and having an end por-<br />tion of alesser thickness than the remainder of the cyl-<br />inder and joined to the remainder of the cylinder by a<br />shoulder located in the interior of said cylinder; mount-<br />ing means fixed to a side of said cylinder adjacent said<br />end portion thereof and mounting said cylinder on said<br />carrier means, said mounting means including, a block<br />fixed directly to said cylinder and having a free face dis-<br />tant from said cylinder, said free face having a valve<br />seat portion and said block being formed with a bore<br />which communicates with the interior of said cylinder<br />and which is surrounded by said valve seat portion; first<br />valve means located in said mounting means and co-<br />operating with said valve seat portion of said block for<br />controlling the flow of fluid in said cylinder; end wall<br />means fixed to said cylinder and said end portion of<br />lesser thickness and engaging said shoulder of said cyl-<br />inder, said end wall means including an outer end wall<br />spaced from said shoulder and an inner sealing disc lo-<br />cated between said shoulder and end wall, clamped be-<br />tween said shoulder and end wall, and formed with an<br />elongated cutout extending substantially diametrically<br />across said disc and overlapping said shou:lder,,said end<br />wall being formed with a bore communicating with said<br />cutout and surrounded at the face of said end wall di-<br />rected toward the inte</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s1600/IMGH_05833.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s320/IMGH_05833.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">rior of said cylinder with a second<br />valve seat portion; an elongated valve member of a lesser<br />thickness than said disc located in said elongated cutout<br />thereof, having a pair of free end portions overlapping<br />said shoulder of said cylinder, and adapted to move into<br />and out of engagement with said second valve seat por-<br />tion for closing and opening said bore in said end wall;<br />and a suction chamber having a wall portion provided<br />with a tubular extension which extends with a press fit<br />into said bore of said end wall.<br /><br />5. In a motor-compressor, in combination, a cylinder<br />forming part of the compressor and having an open end<br />portion of a lesser wall thickness than the remainder of<br />said cylinder joined to the remainder of said cylinder by<br />a shoulder in the interior of said cylinder; an end wall<br />surrounded by said open end portion of lesser thickness<br />of said cylinder and closing said open end portion of<br />said cylinder, said end wall being spaced fro.m said shoul-<br />der; a sealing disc located between and engaging said end<br />wall and said shoulder, said end portion of said cylinder<br />having a free peripheral portion extending beyond said<br />end wall and rolled over against the same for clamping<br />said sealing disc between said shoulder and end wall for<br />fixing said sealing disc and end wall to said cylinder, said<br />sealing disc being formed </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s1600/STEMPEL-7.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s320/STEMPEL-7.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">with an elongated cutout over-<br />lapping said shoulder and said end wall being formed<br />with a bore communicating with said cutout; and an<br />elongated valve member of a lesser thickness than said<br />sealing disc located in said cutout thereof, having free<br />end portions overlapping said shoulder, and adapted to<br />move toward and away from said end wall for closing<br />and opening said bore thereof.<br /><br />6. In a motor-compressor, in combination, a cylinder<br />having an end portion of a lesser thickness than the<br />said cylinder‘by“ a shouldeR in” the’4iiit’ei'-ioi-'1‘of‘said CYLINder; a‘: sealing" disc surrounded by said’-end portioniof<br />said’- cylinder‘ and’ located" in said shoulder thereof, said<br />sealing disc being formed with an elongated diametral<br />cutout having opposed end portions which are narrower<br />than the remainder of said cutout respectively overlap-<br />ping said shoulder of said cylinder; an end wall fixed to<br />said1 end portion of said cylinder and forming an end<br />wall of said cylinder, said end [wall engaging ‘said sealing<br />disc and pressing the same against said shoulder and being<br />formed with a bore communicating with said cutout of<br />saidisealing disc; and an elongated valve member longer<br />than the diameter of the interior ofsaid cylinder at a<br />portion thereof beyond said end portion of lesser thick-<br />ness located invsaid cutout and overlapping said shoulder<br />of» said cylinder, said- valve member havingin said nar-<br />rower‘ end p’ortioni'of said sealing disc free ends, respec-<br />tively,‘ which are of a lesser width than said narrow end<br />portion of said sealing disc-and said valve member hav-<br />ing a lesser thickness than said-sealing discso as to be<br />freely movable‘ toward and away from said bore of said<br />end wall.</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">7. In-—a'rnotor-compressor, in combination, a cylinder<br />having an end portion of a’ lesser thickness than the<br />remain‘der'of said cylinder joined to the remainder of<br />said’ cylinder by a shoulder in the interior of said cylin-<br />der; a sealing disc surrounded by said end-portion of<br />said cylinder and located at said shoulder thereof, said<br />sealing disc being formed with an elongated diametral<br />cutout having opposed end portions which are narrower<br />than the -remainder of said cutout respectively overlap-<br />ping said shoulder‘ of said cylinder; an end wall fixed to<br />said‘ end‘ portion of said‘_cylin'der‘ and forming an‘ end<br />wall of said'-cylinder,‘ saidcnd Wall engaging said sealing<br />disc and pressing the same against said shoulder and<br />being forrnedwith a borecommunicating with said cutout<br />of’ said -sealing disc; and an-—» elongated valve member<br />longer than the diameter‘ of the interior of said cylinder<br />at a portion thereof- beyond said end portion of lesser<br />thickness’ located in said cutout and overlapping said<br />shoulder of said cylinder, said valve member having in<br />said narrower end portions of said sealing disc, </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s1600/IMGH_05833.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s320/IMGH_05833.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">cutout<br />freeends, respectively, which are of a lesser width than<br />said narrow end portions of said sealing disc cutout and<br />said valve member havinga lesser thickness than said<br />sealing disc soas to be freely movable toward and away<br />from said bore of said end wall, -said cylinder being<br />formed with a substantially radial bore whichis tangential.<br />to‘ said sealing disc and shoulder, whereby said radial<br />bore may serve as an outlet for’ compressed fluid while<br />said’ bore of said end wall may serve‘ as a suction inlet<br />for! admitting fluid into the cylinder. _<br /><br />- 8. Ina -motor-compressor, in combination, a carrier<br />for carrying a motor and</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s1600/STEMPEL-7.jpg" style="clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyHUmoGmvbX8vLuxbqmAkh24clNbsQ5bq6RbppfPNIMZLZCO2UQDD841P71_8NQCIwuyQYaXO6EQZLCzN1AJbsj1diqT_a3K4Yq4pOwEYrUumnwlltMEbXEMOFiTrhqYm3itrr3xYnQdDm/s320/STEMPEL-7.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> a compressor; a mounting mem-<br />ber fixed to said carrier and having four side wall por-<br />tions extending from said carrier and defining a cham-<br />ber; -a block fixed to said mounting member at said four<br />wall portions thereof and closing said chamber, said block<br />being formed with a bore communicating wtih the interior<br />of said chamber; valve‘ means in said chamber for closing<br />and opening said bore; and a cylinder fixed at a lateral<br />portion thereof ‘to said block‘ at the exterior of said cham-<br />ber and» formed in awall portion-thereof with a bore com-<br />municating with the inter-iorof said cylinder and form-<br />ing’ an extension of the bore ofasaid block.<br /><br />9; In a motor-compressor, in combination, a carrier‘<br />for carrying" a motor and a compressor; wall means fixed<br />tovsaid carrier‘ and forming a? pressure chamber with" a<br />part of said carrier, said wlall means having a wall por-<br />tionlocated opposite said part of said carrier; a substan-<br />tially box-shaped member fixed to said wall portion of<br />said wall means at the exterior of said pressure cham-<br />ber," said box-sliapedvmemberi having four’ side wall por-<br />tionsvand an‘-endvwall,.said end wall being fixed. to said‘<br />w-all-portion of: said wall-means. and saiclwall portion of<br />said“ wall’. m"'eai1"s=’» and: said?’ end’, wall being”-‘formed’: WitHIN<br />openings I which ‘-comrnunicate with each :-other‘ so‘ -that’ the<br />interior‘ of. said‘ box’-‘shaped member. communicates--with<br />the interior -of said pressure chamber,‘ said -four‘ sideiwall<br />portions having’ freevedges distant from‘ said pressure<br />chamber; a blockfixed‘ to said freeedges -of said box-‘<br />shapedmember and closing the same, said’block”b‘eing<br />formed with a bore passing therethrough and‘havi'ng-at<br />its face in the interior of said box-shaped member a valve<br />seat portion surrounding said bore; valve means located<br />in said box-shaped member and cooperating withsaid<br />valve seat for a'_dmitting fluid’ into said box-shaped mem-<br />ber and from the latter i11to said pressure chamber when<br />fluid above a given pressure flowsalong said bore of said<br />block» into said box-shaped member; anda-cylinder fixed<br />at a lateral portion thereof to said block at the exteri'or<br />of said box’-shaped member ‘and formed'with7a bore which<br />communicateswith the interior of said cylinder and-forms<br />an extension of the bore ‘of saidblock, whereby when com-<br />pressed fluid in said cylinder is discharged through said<br />bore of said‘ cylinder into‘ said bore of said block, the<br />compressed fluid willflow into said, pressure chamber<br />through said box-shaped member.<br /><br />10. In‘-afmotor-compressor, in ‘combination; va-cylinder<br />forming part of‘ the compressor-and having an ropen-end<br />portion of lesserwiall thickness than the remainder-of said<br />cylinder joined to the remainderof said cylinder by" a<br />shoulder inthe interior of said" cylinder; an end wall<br />surrounded by said openend portion oflesser thickness<br />of said cylinder and «closing said openend portionrof said<br />cylinder, said”-end wallbeing spaced from said shoulder;<br />asealing disc located. between and engagingisaid endwall<br />and said shoulder, said‘ sealing disc? being formed with<br />an elongated cutout ‘overlapping said’ shoulder. andsaid<br />end wall being formed witlta bore communicating with<br />said cutout; means-for =clamp‘ing’_‘:saidsealingdisc between‘<br />said shoulder and said‘ end wall and for fixing said end<br />wall to said cylinder; and -an elongated valve member‘ of<br />lesser thickness than said sealing‘ d-isc'locate'd in said cut-‘<br />out thereof, having free end portionsoverlapping. said<br />shoulder.-' and adapted to move toward and away‘ from<br />said end wall for closing and opening said bore thereof.<br /><br />11. In a motor-compressor, in combination, a cylinder<br />forming part ofthe compressor and havingin the‘ region<br />of an open-end thereof an annular face substantially nor-’<br />mal to the axis -of saidcylinder; a sealing disc abutting<br />with one face thereof against said annular face of said<br />cylinder andibeingfor</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s1600/IMGH_05833.jpg" style="clear: right; color: black; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_6y9Kc4wEqUyzIHxq3mof-JkEVAFI5Dj8MUpC0NQHW4VVca3x2VLC658XnepXk9wsqqSCwiguEzvw_Z4CZjShcmW1bdD_xKaI9ibWFpO8QzUg_8vxwocBX0RCbus0CkDNzj0wCLyR8IW/s320/IMGH_05833.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">med with -an elonga_ted’cutout'ove’rl<br />lapping said annularface; an end wall abutting against<br />the other face of said sealing disc and being formed.’ with<br />a bore communicating with said cutout; means for‘ fasten-<br />ing said end wall to" said cylinder and for clamping said<br />sealing disc between said-annular face’ and said end wall;<br />and an elongated valve member of Falesser thickness than<br />said. sealing disc located in said" cutoutthereof, having-<br />free end portions overlapping said annular" face. and<br />adapted to move toward and away from said end wall for<br />closing and opening said bore‘ thereof.<br /><br />12. In :a motor-compressor, in combination, a carrier<br />for carrying the motor and compressor, said ‘carrier hav-<br />ing a wall portion; channelmeans fixedito said wall por-<br />tion of said carrier‘ and forming a pressure chamber there-‘<br />with, said channel means having :a part distant from said<br />carrier wall portion formed with a borercommunicating<br />with the interior of said pressure chamber; a wall fixedt-o<br />said channel means at the exterior’ of said pressure cham-<br />ber andat s-aidi part of -said‘ channel meansformed with<br />said opening, said Wall being formedwith an opening<br />communicating with said opening of said part of said<br />channel mieans; four side walls fixed to and extending<br />from said wall fixed to said channel means to define an<br />enclosure therewith; a block fixed to said side walls and<br />defining with the latter and with said wall a closed en-<br />closure communicating. with said pressure chamber.<br />through ~saidesopening; said block being~.forme‘d with a-bore<br />passing therethrough; valve means in said enclosure for<br />closing and opening said bore; a cylinder fixed at an ex-<br />terior side portion thereof to said block and formed with<br />a lateral bore forming an extension of said block bore,<br />said cylinder having an elongated end portion of a lesser<br />thickness than the remainder of said cylinder and joined<br />to the remainder of said cylinder by a shoulder located in<br />the interior of said cylinder; a sealing disc located in said<br />cylinder against said shoulder thereof and formed with<br />an elongated diametral cutout overlapping said shoulder;<br />an end wall fixed to said end portion of said cylinder and<br />pressing said sealing disc against said shoulder, said end<br />wall being formed with a bore communicating with the<br />interior of said cylinder through said cutout of said sealing disc, said end portion of said cylinder having a free <br />peripheral portion extending beyond said. end wall and<br />,being rolled over against the same to clamp said sealing<br />disc between said end wall and shoulder; and an elongated<br />valve member in said cutout of said sealing -disc, of -a<br />lesser thickness than said sealing disc, having free end por-<br />tions respectively overlapping said shoulder, and being<br />freely movable toward and away from said bore of said<br />end wall for closing and opening the same.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #351c75; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> IGNIS, GIOVANNI BORGHI HISTORY.</span></b></u></span></div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Investing in the industrial development of artisan villages<br />in Varese, Italy, Giovanni Borghi builds a factory for 200<br />employees to manufacture not only ovens and cooktops, but<br />also an appliance previously unknown in Italy: the <b>refrigerator</b>.<br />Ignis workers produce appliances for third-party companies<br />like Fiat, Atlantic, Philco, Emerson and Philips. Borghi builds<br />the “Villages of Ignis,” with affordable one- and two-family<br />houses (Borghi Villages), as well as a pool and sports center<br />in Comerio, Italy, and a hostel vvith recreational facilities for<br />young workers in Cassinetta, Italy, all intended to promote a<br />comfortable, healthy lifestyle.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfWMs23PFqU2PZOHLy1t6f7wtNqPap2YxnbyVxtuUBFp2SNIHv2n6MlH_jdNWhK1MUpdrvIBmTZXni6BtyiTVR-BeoQ8KWFmbvPfrdptvd_pyXtC9cAe1C_0UCn3noLevZ5kr6YcSPsQw/s1600/IGNIS-BORGHI.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfWMs23PFqU2PZOHLy1t6f7wtNqPap2YxnbyVxtuUBFp2SNIHv2n6MlH_jdNWhK1MUpdrvIBmTZXni6BtyiTVR-BeoQ8KWFmbvPfrdptvd_pyXtC9cAe1C_0UCn3noLevZ5kr6YcSPsQw/s320/IGNIS-BORGHI.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> The Milan industrialist </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Giovanni Borghi </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">founded
the IGNIS brand of household appliances. His factories would turn out
one appliance every eight seconds, and make billions selling them to
Italy's exploding middle class. Borghi was famous for his early
support of cycling, and his yellow IGNIS jerseyed squadra won more than a
few great races in the late fifties and early sixties.<br /><br />Borghi
was aggressive, flamboyant and flashy. And he took care of his stars -
famously buying Spanish sprinter Miguel Poblet a Lancia convertible
after his Milan San Remo win. On top of his 25 million lire per year
salary. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Giovanni
Borghi, was an Italian industrialist pioneer in the field of domestic
appliances, returned from a trip in the USA with a real<br />illumination: refrigerators insulated with Polyurethane foam were much more<br />efficient and capacious than those hand-filled with mineral wood.<br />His refrigerators Group, Ignis, developed internally this technology and the<br />related equipment, a suitable alternative to the imported foam dispensers, which<br />were difficult to get, fix and maintain, stimulating an industrial supply of<br />similar machines. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-jfvegevg0KxR7BUSORTbD3B2sIe7JWwwQrMwvvCg9Hf-rB6y17SkWVZ79hJ6N2A4uMIP1xFAL3L7xKFacIDf2ItJ1U3CDw_P3YGZl7fLgca0kmtSwRDabqJWO0eeoARGk0-3UpSH8Rg/s1600/GIOVANNI-BORGHI.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-jfvegevg0KxR7BUSORTbD3B2sIe7JWwwQrMwvvCg9Hf-rB6y17SkWVZ79hJ6N2A4uMIP1xFAL3L7xKFacIDf2ItJ1U3CDw_P3YGZl7fLgca0kmtSwRDabqJWO0eeoARGk0-3UpSH8Rg/s320/GIOVANNI-BORGHI.jpg" height="320" width="244" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> And
in 1959 Borghi signed the man most of Italy thought would be the man to
replace Fausto Coppi: 1956 Olympic, 1958 Giro d'Italia and World
Champion Ercole Baldini. He lured Baldini away from Legnano with a
contract so fat many said it only served to asurre that il treno di
Forli.. would...well...get a little too fat himself! He was never quite
as hungry once he went to IGNIS.</span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Borghi
kept control of IGNIS in the family. In the paternalistic Italian
industrial model - like Ferrari, Maserati or Campagnolo. He later
turned the reins over to his son, who in turn finally sold the company
to Dutch conglomerate, Philips.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-size: small;">When Philips decided to get into the maj<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">or household appliances</span><br style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">market,
its procedure was to buy increasing quantities of these goods from the
Italian firm, Ignis, then at the height of its prosperity.</span><br style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Once it became the principal client of the manufacturer, it took over </span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">supplying the latter by purchasing 50 percent of its capital. It took </span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">over the firm completely in 1972, to the satisfaction of the founder </span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">of Ignis, Giovanni Borghi. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">BORGHI DIED IN 1975.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Borghi is still remembered in Italia. RAI even aired TV miniseries about his life this past year, "Mister Ignis". </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-48670022240004968262012-08-16T13:04:00.000-07:002014-01-28T12:27:49.788-08:00LIST OF ITALIAN APPLIANCES MANUFACTURERS ACTIVE BTW 1961 - 1971.<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<u><b>Here a List of Extint appliances manufacturers active in Italy in the florid industry excellence period from 1961 - 1971.</b></u></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
(manufacturing and fabrication of various appliances, such refrigerators, fridge, kitchen, cooking appliances, washing machines, dishwashers, and other household apparates.)<u><b><br /></b></u></blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Very very few of them are still present...............until.................but all others are long time defunct or aquired/deleted.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div style="color: #073763;">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="color: #073763;">
MP ITALIA S.p.A. - Collegno.<br />
AREILOS di R. Rognani - Soliera<br />
ARIETE - BIMAK S.r.l. — Calenzano<br />
ARRIGO MAROCCHI - Suzzara<br />
ASPERA FRIGO S.p.A. — Torino<br />
ATLANTIC ELECTRIC S.p.A. - Milano<br />
AUTOVOX S.p.A. — Roma<br />
BJM S.r.1. - Milano<br />
BRUNI ALFONSO & C. - Milano<br />
CANDY S.p.A. - Brugherio<br />
CAPPELLINI & ROSSI S.r.1. - Milano<br />
COGEN - ELECTRIC S.n.c. - Gravellona Toce<br />
COMPAGNIA SINGER S.p.A. — Leini<br />
COSTRUZIONE ELETTROMECCANICHE SPECIALIZZATE UGO BOLDRINI — Brescia<br />
CROUZET S.p.A. — Milano<br />
DELCHI S.p.A. - Villasanta<br />
EATON ELPA S.p.A. — Casale Monferrato<br />
ELCHIM S.p.A. - Milano<br />
ELECTROLUX S.p.A. — Milano<br />
ELETTRODOMESTICI REM S.r.1. — Milano<br />
ELETTRODOMESTICI SAN GIORGIO — La Spezia<br />
ELIO BAGGIO — Bassano del Grappa<br />
EMERSON ELECTRONICS S.p.A. - Firenze<br />
EXTRASTYLE S.r.1. - Milano<br />
FABER PLAST S.p.A. — Fabriano<br />
F.A.I;S. di Simonato Cav. Arrigc - San Giovanni Lupatoto<br />
FARGAS S.p.A. — Milano<br />
F.A.R.R. S.r.1. — Rescaldina<br />
FIMI S.p.A. — Milano<br />
FONDERIA LUIGI FILIBERTI - Cavaria<br />
F.LLI DEL MAGRO S.p.A. ~ Pescia<br />
FRATELLI ONOFRI S.p.A. - Cassago B.<br />
GENERAL LUX S.n.c. - Cormano<br />
GIRMI SUBALPINA S.p.A. - Omegna—Cireggio<br />
GREEN GRAS S.p.A. — MilanoGUTRIS S.p.A. — Milano<br />
HOLZER ITALIA S.p.A. - Belluno<br />
IDROPI' S.n.c. — San Giovanni Lupatoto<br />
IGNIS S.p.A. - Comerio<br />
IMIT S.p.A. - Castelletto T.<br />
INDESIT INDUSTRIA ELETTRODCMESTICI ITALIANA S.p.A. Orbassano<br />
INDUSTRIE A. ZANUSSI S.p.A. - Pordenone<br />
INFIN NOVA — Milano<br />
INFIN S.a.s. - Prodotti Magnadyne — Torino<br />
IRE S.p.A. Industrie Riunite Eurodomestici — Cassinetta di Biadronno<br />
IRES S.p.A. - Industrie Riunite Eurodomestici Siena - Siena<br />
KARSER S.r.l. - Roma<br />
KELLY ITALIANA S.p.A. - Cernusco S/N<br />
LAMAL Laminati Alluminio S.p.A. — Milano<br />
LA PAVONI S.p.A. - Milano<br />
LA TERMOZETA S.r.l. - Parabiago<br />
LESA COSTRUZIONI ELETTROMECCANICHE S.p.A. - Milano<br />
LIGMAR S.p.A. - Milano<br />
LOFRA & C. S.r.l. — Treponti di Teolo<br />
MAGIC CHEF ITALIANA S.p.A. - Torino<br />
MALLORY TIMERS CONTINENTAL S.p.A. — Frosinone<br />
MENOWATT di Chierici e Salvi — Societa di fatto - Firenze<br />
MERLONI S.p.A. — Fabriano<br />
MORPHY RICHARDS ITALIANA S.p.A. - Roma<br />
NECCHI S.p.A. — Pavia<br />
NEOWATT B.C. S.r.l. — Milano<br />
NIVEN LA SOVRANA S.p.A. - Sorbolo<br />
OCEAN S.p.A. - Verolanuova<br />
OFFICINE ELETTROMECCANICHE ZANUZZI BRUNO - Cusano M.<br />
OFFICINE RIBER S.a.s. — Binasco<br />
OMRE S.a.s. — Monza<br />
O.T.M. - Cassina de' Pecchi<br />
PEZZONI O. - Milano<br />
PHILIPS s.p.A - Milano<br />
PRODOTTI ETERPHON — Torino<br />
QUEEN LUX — Milano<br />
RADIOMARELLI — Sesto San Giovanni<br />
RANCO CONTROLS S.p.A. — Lomazzo<br />
RENT S.a.s. - Torino<br />
RHEEM RADI S.p.A. - Rovereto<br />
RICAGNI ELETTRODOMESTICI S.p.A. — Milano<br />
SABAF S.p.A. — Lumezzate S.S.<br />
SAMET S.p.A. - Bassano del Grappa<br />
SCARIONI & C. S.r.1. — Milano<br />
S.G.R. SOCIETA' GENERALE ELETTRODOMESTICI S.p.A. - Grassobbio<br />
SICER S.n.c. - Torino<br />
SIEMENS ELETTRA S.p.A. — Milano<br />
S.I.L.T.A.L. S.p.A. - Abbiategrasso<br />
SITAM — Modena<br />
SMALTERIA METALLURGICA VENETA S.p.A. - Bassano del Grappa<br />
SMALTERIE METALLURGICHE EMILIANE SMEG — Guastalla<br />
SOREL — Milano<br />
S.p.A. R. BIALETTI & C. — Crusinallo<br />
S.p.A. TERIMA — Baggiovara<br />
STYLE S.p.A. — Torino<br />
SUNBEAM ITALIANA S.p.A. — Milano<br />
TAPIES S.r.1. - Milano<br />
TECNOINDUSTRIA S.r.1. — Milano<br />
TI.ELLE Termoplastica Lombarda S.r.1. — Milano<br />
TORNADO ITALIA S.p.A. - Milano<br />
TRIPLEX S.p.A. - Solaro<br />
VORWERK FOLLETTO S.p.A. — Milano<br />
WESTMAN S.p.A. — Milano<br />
WONDER NEOVOLTA S.p.A. - Milano<br />
ZEROWATT S.p.A. — Milano<br />
ZOPPAS FERDINANDO S.p.A. - Conegliano Veneto.<br />
<br /></blockquote>
Source:<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><b> ANIE Federation</b> is the
Confindustria member representing the electrotechnical and electronic
companies operating in Italy. This is a high-tech globalised industry
sector, which invests substantial resources in research and development.</span><br />
<br />FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-34993683818091995052012-08-15T18:00:00.000-07:002015-03-14T12:34:30.903-07:00REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL YEAR 1991.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL is a 285 liters fridge freezer incorporated model.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Is a simple model (as should be) easy appliance running with the R12 refrigerant.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Here is his history:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<b>REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL BEFORE:</b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwz0e57oCtclFTT38QYzTXbqQKBruOtx33gwFWoJXRWdbjANQ9xaPOqvsygkB6Z7_0YFIx4fiTF0qWDdAvhw5fjNG6fuP15y4DOAY4wuCSC5NiiFjKyDpt8b_nsHwBWpXAoPPX37xyx-go/s1600/IMGH_05902.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwz0e57oCtclFTT38QYzTXbqQKBruOtx33gwFWoJXRWdbjANQ9xaPOqvsygkB6Z7_0YFIx4fiTF0qWDdAvhw5fjNG6fuP15y4DOAY4wuCSC5NiiFjKyDpt8b_nsHwBWpXAoPPX37xyx-go/s320/IMGH_05902.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><b></b></div>
The
REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL was installed in 1992 in an incorporated
heavy wooden expensive kitchen and from that era it was used and runned without
having never extracted it for any kind of maintenance service or any cleanings except for internal and defrost.<br />
<br />
The compressor was running <u style="color: red;">very </u>noisy & <span style="color: red;">HOT </span>and was running almost ever without stopping.<br />
<br />
As
far I know the refrigerator was running 24H day for YEARS and rarely
stopped manually by the owner to defrost it. This because the termostat
was gone and the door gasket was in bad shape and condenser was full of
dust and crap.<br />
<br />
Further it was leaking water on the floor due to a broken burnt defrost pan.<br />
<br />
Here shown what I've found after 21 years ! <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMnVltHeHumMkPRRjLeS_HFeZXMyYj5pWdxR4R87cpX_YtedUGJCJr_VrMNlhMFkH2plWYEzmKUKsrPGuUHCZQVRNhQxjTXJqks4hz_lBeeF_vu_76SLOu0GaYx-uqdUoOl1HgI6_0glCj/s1600/IMGH_05727b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMnVltHeHumMkPRRjLeS_HFeZXMyYj5pWdxR4R87cpX_YtedUGJCJr_VrMNlhMFkH2plWYEzmKUKsrPGuUHCZQVRNhQxjTXJqks4hz_lBeeF_vu_76SLOu0GaYx-uqdUoOl1HgI6_0glCj/s320/IMGH_05727b.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL9AAXRj7gjEdM0WE0aL3h6k67Tdyh0f9mv9Oa4LHh9FMqoji2h-EP97VMfw7va-4w8FE38eF0Ed9Z26BfamQ0McZmo87x_xA89n6CDtIpyoC9ybILm8jaapFcH-dh-qX1K2IhHQt-XW0f/s1600/IMGH_05737.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL9AAXRj7gjEdM0WE0aL3h6k67Tdyh0f9mv9Oa4LHh9FMqoji2h-EP97VMfw7va-4w8FE38eF0Ed9Z26BfamQ0McZmo87x_xA89n6CDtIpyoC9ybILm8jaapFcH-dh-qX1K2IhHQt-XW0f/s320/IMGH_05737.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijVcKuwIN8mdyJyAqKcrwqxVK97cDDSPHpd-JHqOfQJE0qrOtxKfZgxO8KRFcp0fyMzxH5VvJdakbt0s15XzOEtkAW9dcEqRWP6e_vHuiezQb7cqbfPZsjn6iWW3SmeSios18RQLNENmaf/s1600/IMGH_05738.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijVcKuwIN8mdyJyAqKcrwqxVK97cDDSPHpd-JHqOfQJE0qrOtxKfZgxO8KRFcp0fyMzxH5VvJdakbt0s15XzOEtkAW9dcEqRWP6e_vHuiezQb7cqbfPZsjn6iWW3SmeSios18RQLNENmaf/s320/IMGH_05738.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUF4T2lPxHn-GZrIRhoYz4MWwMwrBOAX5fZtakHj4QpUl4FhcX_XLtb0ogUB6Q7yUuOjGL6MA-40HqVhAvBXnbb80nEPB7MabML0hAQsHT1Uc4KbpnyAo-EvN-fTztSVDqTZi7yyQTKB-S/s1600/IMGH_05728.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUF4T2lPxHn-GZrIRhoYz4MWwMwrBOAX5fZtakHj4QpUl4FhcX_XLtb0ogUB6Q7yUuOjGL6MA-40HqVhAvBXnbb80nEPB7MabML0hAQsHT1Uc4KbpnyAo-EvN-fTztSVDqTZi7yyQTKB-S/s320/IMGH_05728.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwyLbLjA6qw5FPO7FqMETYOv0OvwVxeepipsITnvROpGDdIGIeVH5nrWNUjUZGYK2WOgWRvRrzi-3gheibbso8DaDexbrPlogfy088JEJRLiK3dmDRplPROUBUalJl6GHPdzWHFm17GZ-R/s1600/IMGH_05729.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwyLbLjA6qw5FPO7FqMETYOv0OvwVxeepipsITnvROpGDdIGIeVH5nrWNUjUZGYK2WOgWRvRrzi-3gheibbso8DaDexbrPlogfy088JEJRLiK3dmDRplPROUBUalJl6GHPdzWHFm17GZ-R/s320/IMGH_05729.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrrzxEWY3huALfN0OLWwGinCBp-EKUSuZNtgJtdbcTXnZUEXyRqmJVr20_jhauZqUzmJMHKsMZmaP-tZ2R_1JCWlNMlsPVK9p8cTKd8JTQK8uyKagPPBr9boe7kKRqfbwtoGFk_txpvcLv/s1600/IMGH_05730.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrrzxEWY3huALfN0OLWwGinCBp-EKUSuZNtgJtdbcTXnZUEXyRqmJVr20_jhauZqUzmJMHKsMZmaP-tZ2R_1JCWlNMlsPVK9p8cTKd8JTQK8uyKagPPBr9boe7kKRqfbwtoGFk_txpvcLv/s320/IMGH_05730.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgadPILMND4L1NHp3hYfjrHEg-DPPvE7RTHiybF0lAk8wsmDOVhC2GL_BaFFRgR2i3v7TJ307r4MeCENlUTr2Bt1sNVGDzYQJcDAndPaShUTb4OnQThFFUB9j0a8g6SRi3p8pvUiGLqWY3F/s1600/IMGH_05732.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgadPILMND4L1NHp3hYfjrHEg-DPPvE7RTHiybF0lAk8wsmDOVhC2GL_BaFFRgR2i3v7TJ307r4MeCENlUTr2Bt1sNVGDzYQJcDAndPaShUTb4OnQThFFUB9j0a8g6SRi3p8pvUiGLqWY3F/s320/IMGH_05732.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy7g66lJVwii9OfRscXiwdZwuQmgGTHuuTY2zhnPyxzumWrCMO6I_Fss9UDpTxRtH4epqN6iWd4xuLj3DQGxQ5499EgNjLVAkn6Y6ThE1H4jo5JLylwwF7_TBTpuq0r5XOeLVpstoL1hmE/s1600/IMGH_05736.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy7g66lJVwii9OfRscXiwdZwuQmgGTHuuTY2zhnPyxzumWrCMO6I_Fss9UDpTxRtH4epqN6iWd4xuLj3DQGxQ5499EgNjLVAkn6Y6ThE1H4jo5JLylwwF7_TBTpuq0r5XOeLVpstoL1hmE/s320/IMGH_05736.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWFwvaSX_2kJY7ARMeDYq1gTag57MBEWz58qY_vyUfc0TDI1pOg15K9ZaOGDh8djwL-IH9B43ZD4AULEpihSmw1f2iJbun_mX2I8IbrI_mbwqL-tgxti4InxHhDPmVajap2CshXQy_Q3SU/s1600/IMGH_05731.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWFwvaSX_2kJY7ARMeDYq1gTag57MBEWz58qY_vyUfc0TDI1pOg15K9ZaOGDh8djwL-IH9B43ZD4AULEpihSmw1f2iJbun_mX2I8IbrI_mbwqL-tgxti4InxHhDPmVajap2CshXQy_Q3SU/s320/IMGH_05731.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmpf0t7f1X9Rew5ldBbWybLC7LDxjJ_xPtKvY0dy0xzHY7AvLXg2E5KSptj2iY-S9zYy4YKQd0ePKYd0xJ8eCTNTPJBYBw2gnxfpOrpSF-Zaneb5bOe4cc6YX-KEkNSBxcP0LrvXEbMD_u/s1600/IMGH_05733.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmpf0t7f1X9Rew5ldBbWybLC7LDxjJ_xPtKvY0dy0xzHY7AvLXg2E5KSptj2iY-S9zYy4YKQd0ePKYd0xJ8eCTNTPJBYBw2gnxfpOrpSF-Zaneb5bOe4cc6YX-KEkNSBxcP0LrvXEbMD_u/s320/IMGH_05733.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBGpEOiyvknDQoIvFOorq37m_jnjBeOTfjm3RA2n3KrWeYZNvZfDoLrkeb3XcNbeHfOuDiYhHsBHmiC_KKTJkW9RqD5nBi2IELqYczlfJo8472gOBSTkcZdZjg1p4BsCpWaxigVC8RcFVi/s1600/IMGH_05735.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBGpEOiyvknDQoIvFOorq37m_jnjBeOTfjm3RA2n3KrWeYZNvZfDoLrkeb3XcNbeHfOuDiYhHsBHmiC_KKTJkW9RqD5nBi2IELqYczlfJo8472gOBSTkcZdZjg1p4BsCpWaxigVC8RcFVi/s320/IMGH_05735.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnQy0UpnepvmkPpYhnV4-F1LzUeGE0-Zn82MxIWXUzqvX1-To5pe8zflHuFTV4EZyvksb_Y4wiyDPzZc56ZyCGlbcMKRZLgUbSaoKOIb8MdHTImyL2AJo6bzouDk7U6hKP_2-7ZIEuarr2/s1600/IMGH_05734.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnQy0UpnepvmkPpYhnV4-F1LzUeGE0-Zn82MxIWXUzqvX1-To5pe8zflHuFTV4EZyvksb_Y4wiyDPzZc56ZyCGlbcMKRZLgUbSaoKOIb8MdHTImyL2AJo6bzouDk7U6hKP_2-7ZIEuarr2/s320/IMGH_05734.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<b>REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL <u>AFTER MY RESTORING:</u></b><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXLm-NJ2Dy0CyG9fiZNGoWR3APZwyafELtiGG5huiPYV4Edu3OGBjUPRaSbawp-vUF3ROqTqPtWsfffjaUAZwinWlkq0SYj-J_FlT8jvrPxvTu0lx1vLWpaVtQ1qt7Vg1ZvT1alwP50adx/s1600/IMGH_05739.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXLm-NJ2Dy0CyG9fiZNGoWR3APZwyafELtiGG5huiPYV4Edu3OGBjUPRaSbawp-vUF3ROqTqPtWsfffjaUAZwinWlkq0SYj-J_FlT8jvrPxvTu0lx1vLWpaVtQ1qt7Vg1ZvT1alwP50adx/s320/IMGH_05739.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
Now the REX (ZANUSSI-ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL runs good cooling quiet job without issues.<br />
<br />
Lets see modern crap lasting in a <span style="color: blue;">heavy </span><span style="color: red;">cooking </span>way like this REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL today.<br />
And this is an example on how<u> R12 FRIDGES are undestroyable </u>machines, expecially these models here shown which are dayly thrown away in "recycling crapcenters without justice ! <br />
<br />
People today just buy fancy fridgephone models time bombs.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYhARQ8AoswnlSJGGKnfxIitAvV6_CS4mMe1OVihUpEjXz7dDtctK4AMiYEEDEZa5pc18oHU9KxJ8kTyNYQja5Z1vwYkWfRhjyI5tGviAy6O15UYdvQYnzWgKWkcW5bWsFG2o5RXcQAkG_/s1600/IMGH_05740.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYhARQ8AoswnlSJGGKnfxIitAvV6_CS4mMe1OVihUpEjXz7dDtctK4AMiYEEDEZa5pc18oHU9KxJ8kTyNYQja5Z1vwYkWfRhjyI5tGviAy6O15UYdvQYnzWgKWkcW5bWsFG2o5RXcQAkG_/s320/IMGH_05740.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj73uyiHETXgluqWpO9KdhnqBju0_hHtGz8EYBkdxrzSCmasdvDnVjuDuIoAwMvVbmodIdUSNIxnuWdZWa56jqZ91C916PIFNg4zH_958WgWSGs7BKyjkBeNjPmMvmm5fA8AFW-42aTamoc/s1600/IMGH_05741.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj73uyiHETXgluqWpO9KdhnqBju0_hHtGz8EYBkdxrzSCmasdvDnVjuDuIoAwMvVbmodIdUSNIxnuWdZWa56jqZ91C916PIFNg4zH_958WgWSGs7BKyjkBeNjPmMvmm5fA8AFW-42aTamoc/s1600/IMGH_05741.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj73uyiHETXgluqWpO9KdhnqBju0_hHtGz8EYBkdxrzSCmasdvDnVjuDuIoAwMvVbmodIdUSNIxnuWdZWa56jqZ91C916PIFNg4zH_958WgWSGs7BKyjkBeNjPmMvmm5fA8AFW-42aTamoc/s320/IMGH_05741.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha6cF66NYa_feNQmOgnFSDHy5JCMt-uiOTXtW_MrNbP7s8dMVfo0sgfdWUVsCr61_BIi4SVdkhwP3rMQLb0jHM2gCFVs7KuV8ijTblaQCJOcAgIWTn9aOatFuPBDtmrK_kTU78IG9YZC2K/s1600/REX-RI285_Cooling+system+797.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha6cF66NYa_feNQmOgnFSDHy5JCMt-uiOTXtW_MrNbP7s8dMVfo0sgfdWUVsCr61_BIi4SVdkhwP3rMQLb0jHM2gCFVs7KuV8ijTblaQCJOcAgIWTn9aOatFuPBDtmrK_kTU78IG9YZC2K/s320/REX-RI285_Cooling+system+797.jpg" height="320" width="258" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s320/IMGH_05742.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwz0e57oCtclFTT38QYzTXbqQKBruOtx33gwFWoJXRWdbjANQ9xaPOqvsygkB6Z7_0YFIx4fiTF0qWDdAvhw5fjNG6fuP15y4DOAY4wuCSC5NiiFjKyDpt8b_nsHwBWpXAoPPX37xyx-go/s1600/IMGH_05902.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwz0e57oCtclFTT38QYzTXbqQKBruOtx33gwFWoJXRWdbjANQ9xaPOqvsygkB6Z7_0YFIx4fiTF0qWDdAvhw5fjNG6fuP15y4DOAY4wuCSC5NiiFjKyDpt8b_nsHwBWpXAoPPX37xyx-go/s320/IMGH_05902.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1bM_uOxBEauMMq7kLCZHUHJmc7CCxb5K3SJfthwSOMGsElBpFISlOrxrkiqEeWW9eugZZa82ZLJvfQrBtmH70v6fCF34fhU8fTddti_aSVIQjX0djRWaMeRtaS3wSBlzRqvg5lkBHsHG3/s1600/IMGH_06725__F12M.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<b></b><span id="goog_1368181612"></span><span id="goog_1368181613"></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmtOk0_s65inxnZ583HKwvBmbbpG9zUcCLrhhz0KguRFLnJwt7PAwIVjsGB3NjYYyvHEKCDHeEkU8tFGI2TVy3A_Sd9dFKD9ZGEM-PmdqRf9ANKBOJz8y1meXY6pB0gQ2YdKs660MMONy/s1600/IMGH_06722__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmtOk0_s65inxnZ583HKwvBmbbpG9zUcCLrhhz0KguRFLnJwt7PAwIVjsGB3NjYYyvHEKCDHeEkU8tFGI2TVy3A_Sd9dFKD9ZGEM-PmdqRf9ANKBOJz8y1meXY6pB0gQ2YdKs660MMONy/s1600/IMGH_06722__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
Here is it now in place after my restoring work, with new refrigerator compartment gasket (freezer is still good even if not in superb shape), new thermostat fitted, repaired refrigerator compartment door internal part.<br />
<br />
Quality of materials is clearly shown after cleanings. <br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
NOTE:Many if not all people have had the common idea to dump it.........sometime a rare chance is given.......to be opposite at the so called normality....................... this here is the example of what i mean for..... opposite. IT WORKS !</blockquote>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2A_p0cUFN6NUaCVe5_PabqraJica4PnwLRCS9jloTsz1S_0tQXRWTW6uOdwk8zDfDazYubo-M6bBGIOC2CeXxWWlFAMRo1KPW5cmpV8IK-yP1Xb5DmRCa98Kc0wUpS9JpAeCESFN2wSrw/s1600/IMGH_06723__F12M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2A_p0cUFN6NUaCVe5_PabqraJica4PnwLRCS9jloTsz1S_0tQXRWTW6uOdwk8zDfDazYubo-M6bBGIOC2CeXxWWlFAMRo1KPW5cmpV8IK-yP1Xb5DmRCa98Kc0wUpS9JpAeCESFN2wSrw/s1600/IMGH_06723__F12M.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
(This Important Picture is showing particularly the last piece of the bent thermostat capillar terminal in place for "sensing" temperature in the last section of the evaporator <span style="font-size: small;">apparatus having a heat exchanger adhesively secured to the wall of the refrigerating compartment. The aluminium tin sheet was added toghether with little termo conductive paste with the means to improve the temperature acquisition / transmission by the thermostat capillar terminal in place which may be critical when / if the plastic wall holder isn't secured perfectly to the wall surface itself, causing eventually a wrong permanent or too long not necessary running of the refrigerator compressor.)</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1bM_uOxBEauMMq7kLCZHUHJmc7CCxb5K3SJfthwSOMGsElBpFISlOrxrkiqEeWW9eugZZa82ZLJvfQrBtmH70v6fCF34fhU8fTddti_aSVIQjX0djRWaMeRtaS3wSBlzRqvg5lkBHsHG3/s1600/IMGH_06725__F12M.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1bM_uOxBEauMMq7kLCZHUHJmc7CCxb5K3SJfthwSOMGsElBpFISlOrxrkiqEeWW9eugZZa82ZLJvfQrBtmH70v6fCF34fhU8fTddti_aSVIQjX0djRWaMeRtaS3wSBlzRqvg5lkBHsHG3/s1600/IMGH_06725__F12M.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL COMPRESSOR ZEM E88601 R12. 180 watt.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The
REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL <u>It's last REX-ELECTROLUX model series
refrigerator using the FREON12 R-12 (chlorofluorocarbons)
refrigerant</u>.............all after models are running R134 and all moderns
the R600A................All evaporators here in this model are in quality heavy alluminium.<br />
The REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL was first refrigerator model series with Having a Heat
Exchanger Adhesively Secured to the Wall of the
Refrigerating Compartment<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBEtynd5N2Aiw_C50W_kepYTZbq1JuOJ4ePG3GqjHdPuTLnvgsR3P3BOfxgLSTnkqzLuVQGsfTz9KSS4NfIn-sD_mmTleIKJe2boEYrIF_V6tyyohLqmEcFvwPhxR0ChK0YzyeqFxkChU7/s1600/REX-RI285_Diffusor+264.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBEtynd5N2Aiw_C50W_kepYTZbq1JuOJ4ePG3GqjHdPuTLnvgsR3P3BOfxgLSTnkqzLuVQGsfTz9KSS4NfIn-sD_mmTleIKJe2boEYrIF_V6tyyohLqmEcFvwPhxR0ChK0YzyeqFxkChU7/s320/REX-RI285_Diffusor+264.jpg" height="248" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj18X3j6uvXYmfvS5PCyjGzH4WgQ5AhW4X29rTOV8CnDzVOAP3HPATTyg2_ilLfjD4zCpAHBeIjZONdafuLD7tHB1CKaXMtV7gbOI7zG9FdrO5Cm302IdsZoEKVw-b_RZVotyPSNsu2o_dC/s1600/REX-RI285_Door+4150.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj18X3j6uvXYmfvS5PCyjGzH4WgQ5AhW4X29rTOV8CnDzVOAP3HPATTyg2_ilLfjD4zCpAHBeIjZONdafuLD7tHB1CKaXMtV7gbOI7zG9FdrO5Cm302IdsZoEKVw-b_RZVotyPSNsu2o_dC/s320/REX-RI285_Door+4150.jpg" height="320" width="254" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_WzoVfPP5vIvr4M_24aMe7_ptNQilLdw7YnFvHePMtNpiIMc0svpZvr1hcpCSAodsnhnL27hQjq9XjxKbm2bl57PT99OJz-jsVcrNdSdzS2ZQIjSK7D2wGm0bzLBUSgNn7P0vJ0Pv2qjy/s1600/REX-RI285_Housing+001+8658.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_WzoVfPP5vIvr4M_24aMe7_ptNQilLdw7YnFvHePMtNpiIMc0svpZvr1hcpCSAodsnhnL27hQjq9XjxKbm2bl57PT99OJz-jsVcrNdSdzS2ZQIjSK7D2wGm0bzLBUSgNn7P0vJ0Pv2qjy/s320/REX-RI285_Housing+001+8658.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL THERMOSTAT:K59L1260FF (2262154038)</b><br />
<br />
<div style="color: #351c75;">
Temperature control with SPST switch and auxiliary switch<br />
for OFF position. Automatic defrost function by constant cut-in value.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
Terminal 3-4 closes at temperature rise<br />
Terminal 3-6 opens in OFF position (version C without auxiliary terminal 6)</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br />
Closing with rising temperature and auxiliary switch (terminal 3-6) connected in series with the main switch breaks the current circuit as soon as the temperature control is set to OFF position.<br />
The main feature of the temperature control K59 is the cut-out point adjustable via the dial shaft and the cut-in point remaining constant in all positions. As this cut-in point normally is in the positive range, automatic defrosting is initiated during each compressor stop period.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCpv8kuvFbEA49Hqj7jbG8O5rf7mra05hTjlbPrh2CegWTUNIOJXk44Rb0_mDa2qHR3tLhwQQncDHOmoRtCfjZP9JrGssoDm79C73O0c4DXkbxAT5X9HWwjIvzc_UeaF_T6Dncr1SsoQmN/s1600/REX-RI285-K59L1260FF-DIAG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCpv8kuvFbEA49Hqj7jbG8O5rf7mra05hTjlbPrh2CegWTUNIOJXk44Rb0_mDa2qHR3tLhwQQncDHOmoRtCfjZP9JrGssoDm79C73O0c4DXkbxAT5X9HWwjIvzc_UeaF_T6Dncr1SsoQmN/s320/REX-RI285-K59L1260FF-DIAG.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a>In general type K59 is classified into 3 basic versions:<br />
Version A: as desbribed above<br />
Version B: as desbribed above, but with so-called bellows heater. This is a metal film resistor (82 kΩ) connected in paralle to the main switch, which when the main switch is open (compressor stop period), heats the control housing and bellows (diaphragm) of the capillary system. By this the X-ambient effect (crossing of ambient temperature) is avoied in the compressor stop period, i.e. defrost period of the evaporator.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
Heating of the bellows ensures that the defrost sensing point at the evaporator is the coldest point of the capillary system. Perfect function of the temperature control is guaranteed.<br />
Version C: without bellows heater and without auxiliary switch for cut-out.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br />
There is a possibility to choose between the type with wnd that without OFF position. OFF position here means manual opening of the main switch 3-4 within a dial angle of 45° and at the same time mechanical locking.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
The thermals of the thermostats identify the trend of the temperature in function of the knob<br />
position.<br />
The cut-out thermal interrupts th<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw9GKcMMIgCHkARFTLaeJkaJWOBnQPCq4mXHA25N1JKdzSt_ytfA_MGEHsqlc1P0OTy5kU7ahiSo3Eroq3PYcxrUcvw1qekm1Ys7saU2A3y7-N_uPTocFZgtnocm383TvLSZExrVlAC9lr/s1600/IMGH_07093__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw9GKcMMIgCHkARFTLaeJkaJWOBnQPCq4mXHA25N1JKdzSt_ytfA_MGEHsqlc1P0OTy5kU7ahiSo3Eroq3PYcxrUcvw1qekm1Ys7saU2A3y7-N_uPTocFZgtnocm383TvLSZExrVlAC9lr/s1600/IMGH_07093__F12M.jpg" height="150" width="200" /></a>e compressor power, while the cut-in thermal powers the<br />
compressor.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br />
The “min” position of the thermostat knob corresponds to the highest temperatures (generally<br />
indicated with no. 1).</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br />
The “max” position of the thermostat knob corresponds to the lowest temperatures (generally<br />
indicated with no. 6).</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPBIZ9Thy4HXsKG-vTURfsP6-cFoCw2KkXCTFbVkPdwxuGhUDIwbIrtOd6yeVY9y1-rz9OjmzEhKl1aS2Yp4su2d-tcz6fg0UZchwNS0hBqKgnnCWebgNw3NAEzNJto_VGhhBNlkDfC_Ur/s1600/REX-RI285-K59L1260FF-DIAG-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPBIZ9Thy4HXsKG-vTURfsP6-cFoCw2KkXCTFbVkPdwxuGhUDIwbIrtOd6yeVY9y1-rz9OjmzEhKl1aS2Yp4su2d-tcz6fg0UZchwNS0hBqKgnnCWebgNw3NAEzNJto_VGhhBNlkDfC_Ur/s320/REX-RI285-K59L1260FF-DIAG-2.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></div>
<br />
The cut-in and cut-out thermals can have a “linear” or “bent” trend. In case of replacement of<br />
a thermostat with a “linear” thermal with one having a “bent” thermal or vice-versa, you <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAGhPhWJGApR8hMHtg1CgrNRGPhVFRO_3hO7Dixdcvz2YZ8rrZuEqWzp_FB4r2Ga4meh9_eur2mGa3PsdCaoLLwD_k_w6SkjnsuPXqRaL77CnuDBIHUqxuuYTcIpNuB-MJor73OQFt4lsF/s1600/IMGH_07094__F12M.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAGhPhWJGApR8hMHtg1CgrNRGPhVFRO_3hO7Dixdcvz2YZ8rrZuEqWzp_FB4r2Ga4meh9_eur2mGa3PsdCaoLLwD_k_w6SkjnsuPXqRaL77CnuDBIHUqxuuYTcIpNuB-MJor73OQFt4lsF/s1600/IMGH_07094__F12M.jpg" height="148" width="200" /></a>need<br />
to consider that, in the intermediate positions, the temperatures of the “bent” thermal are<br />
lower if compared to the temperatures of the “linear” thermal.</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
The sleeve used for covering the capillary has two functions:</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br />
- to guarantee the safety of the users against electric shocks in case<br />
the capillary comes close to electric components;</div>
<div style="color: #351c75;">
<br />
- to g<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPhj1bB2kAJL0d_NVNkX5tG391zZte4Bd0qayyDCcn4CPFduuS-C608Obvn7klfuVm8AWtjdtVaSENcg95lCurqvm23GdAkrBH7IGiY55O5cJA-VxXhft-2QEZ45NaPlP1Yym3-hh1kYDd/s1600/IMGH_07096__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPhj1bB2kAJL0d_NVNkX5tG391zZte4Bd0qayyDCcn4CPFduuS-C608Obvn7klfuVm8AWtjdtVaSENcg95lCurqvm23GdAkrBH7IGiY55O5cJA-VxXhft-2QEZ45NaPlP1Yym3-hh1kYDd/s1600/IMGH_07096__F12M.jpg" height="200" width="150" /></a>uarantee the functionality of the appliance so as the capillary<br />
does not come into contact with cold parts, thus bypassing the<br />
reading of the bulb.</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL REFRIGERATING APPLIANCE WITH SINGLE THERMOSTATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICE:</b>
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmtOk0_s65inxnZ583HKwvBmbbpG9zUcCLrhhz0KguRFLnJwt7PAwIVjsGB3NjYYyvHEKCDHeEkU8tFGI2TVy3A_Sd9dFKD9ZGEM-PmdqRf9ANKBOJz8y1meXY6pB0gQ2YdKs660MMONy/s1600/IMGH_06722__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmtOk0_s65inxnZ583HKwvBmbbpG9zUcCLrhhz0KguRFLnJwt7PAwIVjsGB3NjYYyvHEKCDHeEkU8tFGI2TVy3A_Sd9dFKD9ZGEM-PmdqRf9ANKBOJz8y1meXY6pB0gQ2YdKs660MMONy/s1600/IMGH_06722__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>The
present invention relates to a refrigerating appliance comprising a
refrigerating circuit provided with a thermostatic temperature control
arrangement.<br />
Particularly, but not exclusively, the present
invention relates to a multi-temperature refrigerating appliance
provided with a single thermostatic temperature control device.<br />
Two-temperature
refrigerating appliances are well known, having two main compartments
which are kept at different temperatures and provided with independent
access doors. Usually, one of the compartments is maintained at an
average temperature of about + 5 DEG C for preserving fresh goods,
whereas the other compartment is maintained at an average temperature of
about - 18 DEG C for freezing purposes.<br />
Preferably, such
refrigerating appliances utilize one single-compressor refrigerating
circuit in which two evaporators associated with relevant storage and
freezer compartments are connected in series. An embodiment of this kind
is for instance disclosed in EP-A-0 298 349.<br />
The temperature in
the refrigerating appliance, determined by alternate operative and
inoperative phases of the compressor, is usually controlled by means of a
single thermostatic control device which is capable of sensing,
directly or indirectly, the temperature of the evaporator associated
with the storage compartment.<br />
More particularly, the compressor is
actuated when the temperature of the storage compartment evaporator
exceeds a given maximum value and is deenergized, in order to perform a
corresponding defrost phase of the storage compartment evaporator, when
the above temperature falls below a predetermined minimum value. The
temperature inside the compartments depends on the ON/OFF ratio in the
operating cycle of the compressor, as well as on the general dimensions
of the refrigerating appliance, its loading conditions and the ambient
temperature.<br />
It is known, in this condition, that when the ambient
temperature is particularly low the thermostatic control device makes
the compressor run with correspondingly reduced operative phases with
respect to the inoperative phases, in order to maintain the
predetermined average temperature of approx. + 5 DEG C in the storage
compartment. Under these operating conditions, therefore, the freezer
compartment is likely to be cooled insufficiently by the associated
evaporator, with a consequent deterioration of the goods contained in
the freezer compartment itself. Anyway, the long inoperative phases of
the compressor in case of particularly low ambient temperature cause
undesirably wide temperature fluctuations to occur in both compartments,
and this is in contrast with a desirable correct operation.<br />
In
order to overcome the above drawbacks it is common practice to provide a
so-called "balancing" heating element (consisting of a heating
resistance, for example) in the storage compartment, the heating element
being controlled by the thermostatic control device to be actuated in
place of the compressor during the inoperative phases of the compressor
itself.<br />
The amount of heat generated by the balancing resistance
during the defrost phases of the storage compartment evaporator
artificially compensated for the low ambient temperature, in this way
promoting a better ratio between the ON and OFF phases of the
compressor, thus enabling the freezer compartment to be refrigerated
correctly and causing narrower temperature fluctuations to occur in both
compartments.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL Refrigerating apparatus having a heat exchanger adhesively secured to the wall of the refrigerating compartment. </b></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKn57FTeOZDgWyYG1PtwgPVTdM8JDkIfV8UVDqd81WVe9QeLdC50a92uL5gq4QKsOAMooUnLWoFZLiJavr9PZxpuxrQ7O9DLxziXkHbeMyQAYdwE5LA3RXf8U1VnkCWEGdwqjkpvStjUMJ/s1600/REX-RI285-FRIDGE-COMP-EVAP-TECH-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKn57FTeOZDgWyYG1PtwgPVTdM8JDkIfV8UVDqd81WVe9QeLdC50a92uL5gq4QKsOAMooUnLWoFZLiJavr9PZxpuxrQ7O9DLxziXkHbeMyQAYdwE5LA3RXf8U1VnkCWEGdwqjkpvStjUMJ/s320/REX-RI285-FRIDGE-COMP-EVAP-TECH-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>A refrigerating apparatus, particularly of the domestic type, comprising
a refrigerating compartment (7) having walls of a plastic material, and
a panel-shaped metal evaporator (5) secured in contact with a wall (6)
of the refrigerating compartment (7) by the interposition therebetween
of a double-faced adhesive film For permitting the evaporator to be
constructed without dimensional limits the thermal transition surfaces
between the heat exchanger panel (5) and the wall (6) are provided with
expansion joints (8A, 8B; 10).<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_text">
Refrigerating Apparatus Having a Heat
Exchanger Adhesively Secured to the Wall of the
Refrigerating Compartment Patent Claims:<br />
<br clear="all" />
1. A refrigerating apparatus, particularly of the
domestic type, comprising a refrigerating compartment having walls of a
plastic material, and at least one panel-shaped heat exchanger made of
metal and mounted in contact with a wall of said refrigerating
compartment by means of a double-faced adhesive film interposed
therebetween, characterized in that the thermal transition surface
between said heat exchanger panel (5) and the adjacent wall (6) of said
refrigerating compartment (7) is provided with discontinuities (8A, 8B;
10) acting as expansion joints. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. A refrigerating apparatus according to claim 1,
characterized in that said discontinuities are formed as incisions (8A,
8B) passing transversely through the body of said heat exchanger panel
(5). <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. A refrigerating apparatus according to claim 1,
characterized in that said discontinuities are formed as recessed areas
(10) in said wall (6) of said refrigerating compartment (7) at the side
facing towards said heat exchanger panel (5) ot positions determining
interruptions of the continuity between areas (9) of said wall (6)
contacting said heat exchanger panel (5) and between said areas (9) and
adjacent surfaces of said wall (6) not in contact with said panel (5).
<br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
Description The present invention re<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwyLbLjA6qw5FPO7FqMETYOv0OvwVxeepipsITnvROpGDdIGIeVH5nrWNUjUZGYK2WOgWRvRrzi-3gheibbso8DaDexbrPlogfy088JEJRLiK3dmDRplPROUBUalJl6GHPdzWHFm17GZ-R/s1600/IMGH_05729.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwyLbLjA6qw5FPO7FqMETYOv0OvwVxeepipsITnvROpGDdIGIeVH5nrWNUjUZGYK2WOgWRvRrzi-3gheibbso8DaDexbrPlogfy088JEJRLiK3dmDRplPROUBUalJl6GHPdzWHFm17GZ-R/s320/IMGH_05729.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>lates to a refrigerating
apparatus, particularly of the domestic type, comprising an evaporator
acting as a heat exchanger made of metal and adhesively secured to the
outer surface of a wall of a refrigerating compartment formed of a
plastic material.<br />
In a refriegrator of this type, the rear wall of
the refrigerating compartment and the surface of the evaporator
participating in the thermal transition process are of planar
configuration and connected in close contact with each other by means of
a double-faced adhesive sheet or film interposed therebetween.<br />
It
is noted that the plastic material of which the refrigerating
compartment is made (usually polystyrene) has a thermal expansion
coefficient which is about three times that of the material of the
evaporator (usually aluminum).<br />
Variations of temperature (for
instance during transport of the apparatus, on starting operation of the
apparatus for the first time, or during normal operation thereof) thus
result in different expansion of the two components, which has to be
accommodated by the double-faced adhesive film. The latter is selected
to have an infinitesimally small thickness (about ten hundredth of a
millimeter) so as not to interfere with the thermal exchange process,
and al<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKn57FTeOZDgWyYG1PtwgPVTdM8JDkIfV8UVDqd81WVe9QeLdC50a92uL5gq4QKsOAMooUnLWoFZLiJavr9PZxpuxrQ7O9DLxziXkHbeMyQAYdwE5LA3RXf8U1VnkCWEGdwqjkpvStjUMJ/s1600/REX-RI285-FRIDGE-COMP-EVAP-TECH-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKn57FTeOZDgWyYG1PtwgPVTdM8JDkIfV8UVDqd81WVe9QeLdC50a92uL5gq4QKsOAMooUnLWoFZLiJavr9PZxpuxrQ7O9DLxziXkHbeMyQAYdwE5LA3RXf8U1VnkCWEGdwqjkpvStjUMJ/s320/REX-RI285-FRIDGE-COMP-EVAP-TECH-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a>so for economical reasons, in that a double-faced adhesive film of
greater thickness, and thus more expensive, although ensuring a
reliable mechanical connection, would excessively interfere with the
thermal exchange process.<br />
In the course of laboratory experiments
it has been found that the different expansion of an evaporator made of
aluminium and a wall made of polystyrene can be accommodated by this
type of double-faced adhesive film only with an evaporator the surface
dimensions of which do not exceed a certain value, for instance an area
of about 30x40 cm.<br />
The different expansion characteristics of
these two materials have thus formerly limited the construction of
evaporators to the dimensions stated above, or even smaller dimensions.
In refrigerators requiring the use of evaporators of greater dimensions,
the double-faced adhesive film had to be replaced by more complicated
and expensive connection systems. In this context it is known from
German Patent No. 3,329,614 to accomplish the connection between the
wall of the refrigerating compartment and the heat exchanger or
evaporator by interposing therebetween a layer of a gel-type viscous
thixotropic material. This solution involves the employ of a difficultly
treatable material, of suitable sealing means, and in many cases of
additional supply containers for compensating possible losses of the
connecting substance.<br />
This solution thus complicates the
construction of the refrigerator while reducing, although not
eliminating, the employ of adhesive substances.<br />
It is therefore an
object of the invention to achieve, soleley by the employ of the
described double-faced adhesive film, an optimum interconnection between
a cell made of a plastics material and an evaporator made of metal and
having a greater surface area than formerly admissible with regard to
the adhesive capacity of the double-faced adhesive film.<br />
According
to the invention, this object is attained in a refrigerating apparatus,
particularly of the domestic type, comprising a refrigerating
compartment having walls of a plastic material, and at least one
panel-shaped heat exchanger made of metal and mounted in contact with a
wall of said refrigerating compartment by means of a doublefaced
adhesive film interposed therebetween, characterized in that the thermal
transition surface between said heat exchanger panel and the adjacent
wall of said refrigerating compartment is provided with discontinuities
acting as expansion joints.<br />
The characteristics of the
refrigerating apparatus according to the invention will become more
clearly evident from the following description, given by way of example
with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: fig. 1 shows a
diagrammatic front view of a metal evapor ator mounted in contact with
the refrigerating compartment, fig. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of
the refrigerating apparatus according to the invention, depicting in
particular a portion of the wall of the refrigerat in compartment from
the side not in contact with the evaporator or heat exchanger, and fig. 3
shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of the refrigerating
compartment taken along the line 111-111 in Fig. 2.<br />
The figures of
the drawing refer to a refrigerating apparatus provided with an
evaporator/heat exchanger 5 of the so-called "hidden" type secured to
the outer face of a rear wall 6 of a refrigerating compartment 7.<br />
Evaporator/heat
exchanger 5 is of the "panel" type made<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKn57FTeOZDgWyYG1PtwgPVTdM8JDkIfV8UVDqd81WVe9QeLdC50a92uL5gq4QKsOAMooUnLWoFZLiJavr9PZxpuxrQ7O9DLxziXkHbeMyQAYdwE5LA3RXf8U1VnkCWEGdwqjkpvStjUMJ/s1600/REX-RI285-FRIDGE-COMP-EVAP-TECH-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKn57FTeOZDgWyYG1PtwgPVTdM8JDkIfV8UVDqd81WVe9QeLdC50a92uL5gq4QKsOAMooUnLWoFZLiJavr9PZxpuxrQ7O9DLxziXkHbeMyQAYdwE5LA3RXf8U1VnkCWEGdwqjkpvStjUMJ/s320/REX-RI285-FRIDGE-COMP-EVAP-TECH-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a> by joining two metal sheets,
preferably of aluminium, for example by the roll-bond method. The
evaporator/heat exchanger may also be formed of a single metal sheet
carrying a meandering tubular conduit secured thereto in a suitable
manner and acting to convey a refrigerant.<br />
Refrigerating
compartment 7 is of box-shaped configuration formed preferably of
polystyrene by injection molding, vacuum drawing or a similar process.<br />
The
connection between evaporator panel 5 and rear wall 6 is accomplished
by the interposition therebetween of a double-faced adhesive film (not
shown) of an infinitesimally small thickness and having a surface area
at least equalling that of evaporator panel 5.<br />
In one embodiment
of the refrigerating apparatus according to the invention, the body of
evaporator panel 5 is formed with transversely extending incisions 8
passing therethrough (fig. 1). To this purpose, conduits 11 for the
refrigerant are formed to follow a course permitting the formation of a
cruciform central incision 8A and of four peripheral incisions 8B.<br />
As
a result, the expansions and contractibns to which evaporator panel 5
is subjected are no longer directly related to the overall dimensions of
its entire surface, but only to the dimensions of the partial surface
areas defined by incisions 8 and the outer boundaries of evaporator
panel 5.<br />
The incisions 8 thus permit evaporator panel 5 to adapt
itself to the greatest expansions and contractions to which plastic wall
6 may be subjected without surpassing the limits of the adhesion
capacity of the double-faced adhesive film joining the two components.<br />
It
is thus evident that the provision of the incisions 8 in evaporator
panel 5 permits the dimensions of the latter to be increased over the
limits imposed by the different thermal expansion characteristics of the
materials employed and by the adhesion capacity of a double-faced
adhesive film of infinitesimally small thickness. Any increase of the
dimensions of the surface area of evaporator panel 5 may be accompanied
by a corresponding increase of the number of incisions 8 acting <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwyLbLjA6qw5FPO7FqMETYOv0OvwVxeepipsITnvROpGDdIGIeVH5nrWNUjUZGYK2WOgWRvRrzi-3gheibbso8DaDexbrPlogfy088JEJRLiK3dmDRplPROUBUalJl6GHPdzWHFm17GZ-R/s1600/IMGH_05729.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwyLbLjA6qw5FPO7FqMETYOv0OvwVxeepipsITnvROpGDdIGIeVH5nrWNUjUZGYK2WOgWRvRrzi-3gheibbso8DaDexbrPlogfy088JEJRLiK3dmDRplPROUBUalJl6GHPdzWHFm17GZ-R/s320/IMGH_05729.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>as
expansion joints, and thus of the number of partial surface areas
defined therebetween.<br />
Shown in figs. 2 and 3 is an alternative
embodiment of the refrigerating apparatus according to the invention. In
this case evaporator panel 5 may be of conventional construction, that
is, not provided with incisions 8, while rear wall 6 of refrigerating
compartment 7 is of a modified construction.<br />
In particular, as
shown in the cross-sectional view of fig. 3, the area of rear wall 6
coming into contact with evaporator panel 5 is formed with raised
surface portions 9 projecting rearwards of rear wall 6 towards
evaporator panel 5. Raised surface portions 9 may by way of example be
of quadrangular shape, but may of course also have any other suitable
configuration.<br />
In this second embodiment, the different thermic
behaviour of the two bonded elements is compensated by peripheral areas
10 of each raised surface area 9. In effect these areas 10 act as
deformable diaphragms permitting plastic wall 6 to adapt itself to the
smaller expansion and contraction of the metal evaporator panel 5.<br />
Both
of the described solutions permit an optimum bond to be achieved
between a wall of a plastics material and a metallic heat exchanger by
the interposition therebetween of a double-faced adhesive film of
infinitesimally small thickness, with the metallic heat exchanger having
a surface area of greater dimensions than formerly admissible in view
of the adhesion capacity ofa double-faced adhesive film of this type and
of the different thermal expansion characteristics of the materials
joined thereby. It is obvious that both of the described solutions may
be employed in one and the same refrigerating apparatusso as to combine
their individual advantages.<br />
The object of the invention is thus
attained without the employ of complicated and expensive connection
systems or-materials the processing of which is difficult.<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL Method for making an improved evaporator. </b></span>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s320/IMGH_06004.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>A method for making an evaporator of the roll-bond type comprises a
first step of inserting a return pipe (1) into a passage (3) formed
between the two bonded sheets of the roll-bond evaporator (4), a second
step of compressing said passage (3) about the terminal portion (8) of
said return pipe so as to form a narrow and substantially annular space
(12) between said roll-bond passage (3) and a length of said return pipe
(1) inserted into said passage, and a subsequent third step consisting
of the injection of a semi-fluid substance having sealing and adhesive
properties into a further passage (9) obtained by suitably forming the
two roll-bonded sheets and having one of its ends provided with a port
(11) opening into said space (12), so that and until said substance
progressively fills all or part of its volume.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQEp6I4GccjQIkVxE4tryiR5lbeCq3OnU0XEY1glHkOhLnYmqNYZKjomkcy9QCWnSLEviIKCicQGrJja-NLV7CE14kEPvdJTQRgapB5QAVpyNMa5vuCR_Dt-NP5ns6dJfDupbC01FRtKXO/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQEp6I4GccjQIkVxE4tryiR5lbeCq3OnU0XEY1glHkOhLnYmqNYZKjomkcy9QCWnSLEviIKCicQGrJja-NLV7CE14kEPvdJTQRgapB5QAVpyNMa5vuCR_Dt-NP5ns6dJfDupbC01FRtKXO/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. A method for making an evaporator of the roll bond type,
particularly for use in domestic refrigerating appliances, with a frist
step comprising the insertion of a return pipe into a retrun passage
formed between the two bonded sheet layers of the roll bond evaporator, a
second step comprising the compression of said return passage about an
end portion of said return pipe so as to form a narrow substantially
annular space, preferably of a length of at least 20 mm, between the
inner wall of said return passage and the outer face of said return pipe
inserted therein, characterized by the provision of a third step
comprising the injection of a semi-fluid substance having sealing and
adhesive properties into a further passage (9) obtained by suitably
shaping the two sheet layers of the roll bond structure, said further
passage (9) having at one of its ends a port (11) opening into said
space (12), so that and until said substance progressively fills all or
part of the volume of said space. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that
said port (11) opens into said space (12) substantially adjacent the
bottom thereof. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that
said sealing substance is of the anaerobic polymerization type.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that
subsequent to the filling of said space (12), the corresponding area of
the roll bond structure is subjected to a heat treatment, preferably by
induction heating, for the polymerization of said sealing substance.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that
said induction heating step is carried out for an interval of about 10
to 20 seconds. <br />
<br clear="all" />
6. A method according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that said return pipe (1) is retained at a fixed
position within said passage (3) during the subsequent three steps of
the process. <br />
<br clear="all" />
7. A method according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the insertion of said return pipe (1) into said
passage (3) is carried out so as to avoid any contact between the two
components. <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that
said space (12) has a width of between o.2 and o.5 mm. <br />
<br clear="all" />
9. A refrigerating appliance provided with at least one
evaporator, characterized by being made with the employ of the method
according to any of the preceding claims. <br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
The invention relates to a method for fashioning a detail of
an evaporator of the roll bond type for use in a refrigerating
appliance, particularly of the domestic type, and to a refrigerating
appliance equipped with an evaporator fashioned by employing this
method.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s320/IMGH_06004.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
The invention is in particular applicable to a
refrigerator of the static function type or the forced circulation type,
with a single capillary or twin capillaries. For the sake of
simplicity, the following description will refer to the single-capillary
type, it being understood, however, that the invention is similarly
applicable to refrigerating appliances having more than one evaporator
and a corresponding number of capillaries.<br />
In refrigerant circuits
for domestic refrigerating appliances of a known type, the capillary
and the return pipe are connected to the evaporator by means of a
"union" using a length of pipe, preferably aluminum pipe, to be inserted
into a suitable cavity formed between the two aluminum sheets of which
the well-known "roll bond" evaporator is composed.<br />
As generally
known, the employ of the roll bond technique permits the manufacture of
the refrigerant circuit to be greatly simplified, although there are
certain shortcomings known to those skilled in the art and relating to
the method employed for making and connecting the evaporator.<br />
As a
matter of fact, in known refrigerating appliances equipped with a roll
bond evaporator, the return pipe is compression-fitted thereto by
exclusively mechanical means. This fitting technique is unable, however,
to guarantee hermetic sealing at pressures of more than about 5
kp/cm<2>, so that under certain circumstances the high-pressure
fluid tends to leak from the mechanic connection and to thereby escape
from the refrigerant circuit.<br />
The gravest inconvenience resulting
from this technique is the possibility of the escape of gaseous
refrigerant into the ambient atmosphere. This is because the connection
of the return pipe to the return passage of the roll bond evaporator as
well as the connection of the capillary to the are generally
accomplished by the employ of well known procedures consisting in the
compression from the outside of determined portions of the roll bond
structure about the return pipe and the capillary at the locations of
the return passage and the inlet pasage, respectively, of the roll bond
evaporator.<br />
This compression-fitting process may be accompanied by
soldering the return pipe to the roll bond structure at the point of
entrance, or by the application <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwyLbLjA6qw5FPO7FqMETYOv0OvwVxeepipsITnvROpGDdIGIeVH5nrWNUjUZGYK2WOgWRvRrzi-3gheibbso8DaDexbrPlogfy088JEJRLiK3dmDRplPROUBUalJl6GHPdzWHFm17GZ-R/s1600/IMGH_05729.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwyLbLjA6qw5FPO7FqMETYOv0OvwVxeepipsITnvROpGDdIGIeVH5nrWNUjUZGYK2WOgWRvRrzi-3gheibbso8DaDexbrPlogfy088JEJRLiK3dmDRplPROUBUalJl6GHPdzWHFm17GZ-R/s320/IMGH_05729.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>of an adhesive having suitable
characteristics to the surface of the capillary and that of the return
pipe at the respective compression-fitting locations.<br />
The
discussed shortcomings derive from the fact that the soldering operation
is always a critical process with sometimes uncertain results, and in
any case rather costly. For this reason the soldering method is
whereever possible replaced by the application of adhesive at the
compression-fitting locations.<br />
On the other hand, however, the
application of an adhesive to the surface of the return pipe to be
inserted into the roll bond structure is not without problems caused for
instance by the formation of bubbles in the thin adhesive coating or by
the presence of adhesive-free areas resulting from the viscosity of the
adhesive or from the adhesive being scraped off by mutual contact
between complementary surfaces during the fitting process, which is
usually a manual operation. Finally, the manual application of the
adhesive may result in the presence of insufficient or excessive amount
of adhesive on different surface areas, giving rise to faulty sealing.<br />
The
escape of the gaseous refrigerant cannot always be detected in the
course of controls during the manufacturing process, particularly in the
case of extremely small leaks. The full impact of the defect is thus
noticed only after the refrigerating appliance has been put into use,
requiring the manufacturer to carry out extremely onerous and laborious
service operations, as well known by those skilled in the trade, without
any remedy in sight.<br />
The construction and maintenance of
refrigerating appliances of this type are thus rendered rather
complicated by the described operations which do not, moreover, lend
themselves to being readily automatized.<br />
It would therefore be
desirable, and is in fact an object of the present invention, to provide
a domestic refrigerating appliance in which the above discussed
shortcomings are avoided without incurring construction complications or
the necessity of novel technologies, so as to maintain low production
costs.<br />
These and other objects are attained in a refrigerating appliance as defined in the appended claims.<br />
The
invention will be more fully understood from the following description,
given by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings,
wherein: fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a first step in the
method according to the invention for sealingly connecting a return pipe
to a roll bond evaporator, fig. 2 shows a second step of said method,
and fig. 3 shows a third step of said method.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8AgM8pT56uXZpJUp8ebmxZ6Rk_xIJ9Ms-RllWFfkL1ZkWG-apLnbdYFU4J7doJWeYvfhsNj_wfIoN9cdM0h0SkHk6iKC-eMGPFQ8ulaYWAbUogg8XwxbQDjdBubJ7PCAtZUevPjI0kgwz/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8AgM8pT56uXZpJUp8ebmxZ6Rk_xIJ9Ms-RllWFfkL1ZkWG-apLnbdYFU4J7doJWeYvfhsNj_wfIoN9cdM0h0SkHk6iKC-eMGPFQ8ulaYWAbUogg8XwxbQDjdBubJ7PCAtZUevPjI0kgwz/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-2.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
The method according
to the invention is carried out in four distinct steps, the first one
of which comprises the insertion of a return pipe 1, with a capillary 2
enclosed therein, into a passage 3 formed between the two sheet layers
of a roll bond evaporator 4. The insertion of return pipe 1 into passage
3 has to be carried out in a manner ensuring that the two cylindrical
elements are maintained substantially coaxial with one another, or at
least with their respective surfaces out of contact with one another.<br />
To
this purpose the diameter of return pipe 1 is selected to be slightly
smaller than that of passage 3, so that a space 12 of preferably about
o.2 to o.5 is defined between the two respective surfaces.<br />
As
generally known, return pipe 1 is inserted to a predetermined position 5
of its inner end, while a certain length of capillary 2 projecting from
the end of return pipe 1 extends through a restriction 6 formed in a
linear extension 7 of return pipe receiving passage 3.<br />
This
positioning has to be maintained throughout the three subsequent steps
of the operation, but then the operations of inserting the components
and fixing them in position can be readily and fully automatised by one
skilled in the art.<br />
The second step comprises the compression of
passage 3 about an end portion 8 of return pipe 1, and of restriction 6
about capillary 2, and is performed in the conventional manner.<br />
The
third step of the process comprises the injection of a semi-fluid
substance having sealing and adhesive properties into a further passage 9
obtained by suitably shaping the two sheet layers of the roll bond
structure. As clearly shown in the drawings, possage 9 has an outwards
opening port 10 at one end, and at the other, a port 11 opening into the
narrow space 12 defined between passage 3 of the roll bond structure
and the length of return pipe 1 inserted thereinto.<br />
It is important that port 11 opens into the bottom portion of space 12 as shown in the drawings.<br />
The
pressure applied for the injection of the semi-fluid substance is
effective to ensure that the substance progressively and completely
fills space 12 so as to fully replace the air originally contained
therein, the length of space 12 having been selected with a view to
achieving a reliable sealing effect.<br />
It has thus been found that a
length of space 12 of at least 30 mm is sufficient to ensure such
reliable sealing effect to guard against gas losses, even when space 12
is not completely filled by the injected substance. Even when the air
has not been completely displaced from space 12, leaving a small air
pocket adjacent the closed end thereof, the desired sealing of the
connection will not be impaired.<br />
As a matter of fact, the hermetic
sealing of the connection is substanti<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s1600/IMGH_06004.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF33zS02pOQJC2AycwSDtRUzwj8j_Zitjp482zmgEw6AoRZBYBFpa0NlKyMjD6uUVIgDPdHCoDV7h9ylSldOFGpvcnspzNATjm8JOzu1ffiUu-fOGOqC8Ilh0v09I3bhRWfJ2LEi6GDgNl/s320/IMGH_06004.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ally brought about by the
injected adhesive substance forming an annular diaphragm between, and
bonded to, the outer wall surface of return pipe 1 and the inner wall
surface of passage 3, this diaphragm being impermeable to the passage of
gas from one side thereof to the other.<br />
The formation of an
annular diaphragm having the above described sealing properties is
ensured by the injection of the sealing substance through the port 11
located, as has been pointed out, closely adjacent the bottom of space
12.<br />
It is preferable to employ a substance of the anaerobic
polimerization type and of very low viscosity, and thus capable of
penetrating even the smallest gaps of space 12 by capillary action.<br />
Preferred
in any case is the employ of a monocomponent anaerobic polymerization
substance, for instance TOPFIX NA 84 supplied by CECA company, which
requires a certain time for setting at least to a degree permitting the
evaporator to be subsequently handled as for mounting it in a
refrigerating appliance, without thereby endangering the previously
obtained seal.<br />
Since this time interval is usually not available
in an automatized manufacturing process with high production rates, it
is advisable to provide a fourth step which consists in performing a
heat treatment of the area previously supplied with the sealing
substance, preferably by subjecting the respective area to induction
heating for a very short time, for instance 10 to 20 seconds, by the
employ of a technique generally known to those skilled in the art.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0XjJLEjc0_OUIrMQGUyRUmwQ5oltdm_XAgCmMC14r6gYqm4_ok4JJHDP-57Zc3lu0dK_8Hh_z3fTz8icW3p2lUptlmz5dGKpyHjFCkrzUypuX-AEx6YEI8mgo6MbvedgjsQR3ioSpbxNC/s1600/FREEZER-EVAP-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0XjJLEjc0_OUIrMQGUyRUmwQ5oltdm_XAgCmMC14r6gYqm4_ok4JJHDP-57Zc3lu0dK_8Hh_z3fTz8icW3p2lUptlmz5dGKpyHjFCkrzUypuX-AEx6YEI8mgo6MbvedgjsQR3ioSpbxNC/s320/FREEZER-EVAP-3.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
At
the end of this short period, the return pipe is perfectly sealed to
the roll bond structure, so that the evaporator is ready for further
processing.<br />
The preceding description has been given on the
assumption that the capillary 2 is contained within the return pipe 1.
The teaching of the invention still holds valid, however, when the
capillary 2 is to be connected to the evaporator independently of the
return pipe.<br />
The described method is thus conducive to obtaining
the following advantages: a) Rapid establishment of the connection
between the return pipe and the evaporator without the need for sealing
gaskets or other auxiliary parts, and without the necessity of a
soldering step, b) Simplified processing of the roll bond structure, c)
Simplification and flexibility of the manufacturing process (to be
carried out in separate steps capable of automatization), d) Overall
economy of the manufacturing process. e) Above all, the quality of the
connection is greatly improved as regards the obtention of a reliable
seal, particularly with a view to not readily detectable slow leaks.<br />
It
is of course possible to design refrigerating appliances with
modifications of what has been described above within the purvieew of
the present invention.</div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<b>ZEM E88601 R12. </b><b>HERMETIC COMPRESSOR INTERNAL VIEW.</b><br />
<br />
<i>(NOTE: THIS COMPRESSOR MODEL ZEM E88601 R12 (Zanussi Elettromeccanica) WAS DEVELOPED IN THE 70'S, the photographed opened model is a 80's scrapped identical model taken as example and still by me today's on the web!)</i><b><br /></b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s320/IMGH_05742.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s1600/IMGH_05854.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s320/IMGH_05854.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfU_CoDNYRk5YBOJaXSHj3WAR8-XYoOzk9E08p3nnBKcGeMZTb0yOzjrg2LPXGCDvaXeL4Q9-5qQp42qFvK3pVW4GyqIAqfVSJFdbgH3sLvlOXu3OopOvvRA7ikh2M6TJKELJfKto71ZFZ/s1600/IMGH_05847.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfU_CoDNYRk5YBOJaXSHj3WAR8-XYoOzk9E08p3nnBKcGeMZTb0yOzjrg2LPXGCDvaXeL4Q9-5qQp42qFvK3pVW4GyqIAqfVSJFdbgH3sLvlOXu3OopOvvRA7ikh2M6TJKELJfKto71ZFZ/s320/IMGH_05847.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYluQYMx6QejAGW_tO2nZ97_oz2eLWUEOEcf6cKOdIbJBohs-xKr9SY_pec_f4wiBS553SokkeXpiORwEjYU7Xa2s31MmF20hG9JvoARzPz2PiRXXg6XRype1L4qmE77RQHHQfmBfmmalC/s1600/IMGH_05848.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYluQYMx6QejAGW_tO2nZ97_oz2eLWUEOEcf6cKOdIbJBohs-xKr9SY_pec_f4wiBS553SokkeXpiORwEjYU7Xa2s31MmF20hG9JvoARzPz2PiRXXg6XRype1L4qmE77RQHHQfmBfmmalC/s320/IMGH_05848.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibFByjq0213TzQ22yMExmmxzYHHHs5aajWCWiR_QIsHgMRqgdaZf_FodkGnZC2ADvq4a_O_OoXxg8eG0BAJCmydKjRIqIcnLGAuHGV-sBVxLWdXzIMhGFDjBiTluC0jPWgQfJTOzzcXR3r/s1600/IMGH_05849.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibFByjq0213TzQ22yMExmmxzYHHHs5aajWCWiR_QIsHgMRqgdaZf_FodkGnZC2ADvq4a_O_OoXxg8eG0BAJCmydKjRIqIcnLGAuHGV-sBVxLWdXzIMhGFDjBiTluC0jPWgQfJTOzzcXR3r/s320/IMGH_05849.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ5eDu1mFg3oAeRmqucTQRLxghNQiBn6BENSeaQuIcrOZg9VeNgsC6cBtmibkElKd8hG92rhLXRvlSCzoJoNfXdBPHPmkb1fJxhPd_VzvxWIYps1-5quCZu40xVrbzfhWxiZ4na0lBu8WY/s1600/IMGH_05850.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ5eDu1mFg3oAeRmqucTQRLxghNQiBn6BENSeaQuIcrOZg9VeNgsC6cBtmibkElKd8hG92rhLXRvlSCzoJoNfXdBPHPmkb1fJxhPd_VzvxWIYps1-5quCZu40xVrbzfhWxiZ4na0lBu8WY/s320/IMGH_05850.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXmz2JnBJE5KhwCJsFNm9r-tl6g1tzJJ25zKkS9Rg1TjTpLisT58R89_zInJrIDyhyd7hl8xujwEcdxSW5CxXIbuaM_sWHbITdsm0EIjT-M8iOhpvMeN673983aFATwIYGmLVaSMDyeW3V/s1600/IMGH_05846.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXmz2JnBJE5KhwCJsFNm9r-tl6g1tzJJ25zKkS9Rg1TjTpLisT58R89_zInJrIDyhyd7hl8xujwEcdxSW5CxXIbuaM_sWHbITdsm0EIjT-M8iOhpvMeN673983aFATwIYGmLVaSMDyeW3V/s320/IMGH_05846.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN4WzgsWIQvyLawbL7gLn7Wo_e-ONhBWxVUUrCYcXJYVdPU4yID6j1C_F_vgJO9kbAH5GLMsyhe47g6HpwV8VyQra9bJfq9k9MH2SkmVUkOoruSa9wbzAn2a6yf90jNnBdetzdkJjs2Si/s1600/IMGH_05853.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN4WzgsWIQvyLawbL7gLn7Wo_e-ONhBWxVUUrCYcXJYVdPU4yID6j1C_F_vgJO9kbAH5GLMsyhe47g6HpwV8VyQra9bJfq9k9MH2SkmVUkOoruSa9wbzAn2a6yf90jNnBdetzdkJjs2Si/s320/IMGH_05853.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_iW6BsI_Ih8iRxJ8oz_UcpanW1wXIJcVUl1yCU_iewSmx3Jv1FtZcNuPwLoVeccikVnP1kl9CVWX51azzznvapjxdwhEBaE-rtrDM_EI0A234FbPAeOiMHQT5IKn2TnDLkOF73up0vgr/s1600/IMGH_05845.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_iW6BsI_Ih8iRxJ8oz_UcpanW1wXIJcVUl1yCU_iewSmx3Jv1FtZcNuPwLoVeccikVnP1kl9CVWX51azzznvapjxdwhEBaE-rtrDM_EI0A234FbPAeOiMHQT5IKn2TnDLkOF73up0vgr/s320/IMGH_05845.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s1600/IMGH_05851.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s320/IMGH_05851.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s1600/IMGH_05852.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s320/IMGH_05852.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL ZEM E88601 R12. </b><b>HERMETIC COMPRESSOR </b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Lubrication of sealed compressor: </b></span></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_iW6BsI_Ih8iRxJ8oz_UcpanW1wXIJcVUl1yCU_iewSmx3Jv1FtZcNuPwLoVeccikVnP1kl9CVWX51azzznvapjxdwhEBaE-rtrDM_EI0A234FbPAeOiMHQT5IKn2TnDLkOF73up0vgr/s1600/IMGH_05845.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_iW6BsI_Ih8iRxJ8oz_UcpanW1wXIJcVUl1yCU_iewSmx3Jv1FtZcNuPwLoVeccikVnP1kl9CVWX51azzznvapjxdwhEBaE-rtrDM_EI0A234FbPAeOiMHQT5IKn2TnDLkOF73up0vgr/s320/IMGH_05845.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>Improved lubrication of sealed compressors having a crankshaft provided
with a longitudinal interior duct and a tubular member coupled to a
lower end of the interior duct and having a substantially cylindrical
upper section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil. An upper end of the internal lubrication duct ends in a
first substantially conical section and a second substantially
cylindrical section of variable contour depending upon the profile of
the upper end of the crankshaft. A spring may also be situated inside of
the tubular member. </div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>1. In a sealed
compressor including a sealed casing in which an alternating
motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the assembly including a
vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a longitudinal interior
lubrication duct communicating with points on an exterior surface of the
crankshaft and with an upper end of the same eccentrically to the axis
of rotation thereof, said assembly also including a tubular member
coupled to a lower end of said interior duct of the crankshaft and
comprising a substantially cylindrical upper section and a substantially
conical lower section adapted to be submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first
substantially conical section and a second substantially cylindric<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s1600/IMGH_05851.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s320/IMGH_05851.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>al
section of variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of
the crankshaft, and <br />
the profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft cutting the duct at a transition point between the second
substantially cylindrical section of variable contour and the first
substantially conical section.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
2. In a sealed comp<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s320/IMGH_05742.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of a
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
formed as a closed loop ending with a lower leg extending towards the
lower substantially conical portion of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
3. In a sealed compres<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s1600/IMGH_05852.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s320/IMGH_05852.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>sor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on a
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped as a substantially inverted U with two arms and bent according to
a profile of the lower conical section of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
4. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
w<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN4WzgsWIQvyLawbL7gLn7Wo_e-ONhBWxVUUrCYcXJYVdPU4yID6j1C_F_vgJO9kbAH5GLMsyhe47g6HpwV8VyQra9bJfq9k9MH2SkmVUkOoruSa9wbzAn2a6yf90jNnBdetzdkJjs2Si/s1600/IMGH_05853.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHN4WzgsWIQvyLawbL7gLn7Wo_e-ONhBWxVUUrCYcXJYVdPU4yID6j1C_F_vgJO9kbAH5GLMsyhe47g6HpwV8VyQra9bJfq9k9MH2SkmVUkOoruSa9wbzAn2a6yf90jNnBdetzdkJjs2Si/s320/IMGH_05853.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>hich an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, said assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of said interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
an upper
end of said interior lubrication duct ending in a first substantially
conical section and a second substantially cylindrical section of
variable contour depending upon a profile of the upper end of the
crankshaft, and <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped substantially as a U with upper free ends joined together and a
lower end shaped according to a profile of the lower conical section of
the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
5. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly inc<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s1600/IMGH_05854.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s320/IMGH_05854.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a>luding a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
formed as a closed loop ending with a lower leg extending towards the
lower substantially conical portion of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
6. In a sealed compressor including a sealed <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s320/IMGH_05742.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>casing in
which an alternating motor-drive compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof, the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped as a substantially inverted U with two arms bent according to a
profile of the lower conical section of the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
7. In a sealed compressor including a sealed casing in
which an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly is housed, the
assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft provided with a
longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating with points on an
exterior surface of the crankshaft and with an upper end of the same
eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof. the assembly also
including a tubular member coupled to a lower end of the interior duct
of the crankshaft and comprising a substantially cylindrical upper
section and a substantially conical lower section adapted to be
submerged in oil, <br />
the improvement comprising <br />
a spring situated inside said tubular member, <br />
wherein said spring is constituted by an elastic and resistant wire
shaped substantially as a U with upper free ends joined together and a
lower end shaped according to a profile of the lower conical section of
the tubular member.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION<br />
The present invent<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s1600/IMGH_05854.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtixg3kzj5AaOHohCJrysWf1oxYznUTJagdq1leJ-H1bX9QUJWMGEx6SAyoWrI3mMh5MvaAo1q9Byo0FxluVzfMpUAWQS7x-9LYk5grFnEiEBsYO3WOEeXv_cOxX_goI_SRgphrDVO-AV8/s320/IMGH_05854.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a>ion relates to improvements in the lubrication system of sealed compressors for cooling fluids. <br />
Sealed
compressors for cooling fluids are known which include a sealed casing
with an alternating motor-driven compressor assembly housed in the
interior thereof, the assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft
provided with a longitudinal interior lubrication duct communicating
with various points on the exterior surface of the crankshaft and with
an upper end of the same, eccentrically to the axis of rotation thereof.
The assembly also includes a tubular device coupled to a lower end of
the interior duct of the crankshaft, such tubular device having a first
upper section substantially cylindrical and a second substantially
conical section with an end having an orifice for the introduction of
oil. <br />
In such compressors, the oiling of the parts that are in
friction is accomplished by means of the oil fluid supplied by the
tubular device, which, when rotating and immersed in an oil mass,
produces by centrifugal force the raising of the oil through the
interior duct of the crankshaft towards the oiling points of the
mechanism. Part of the oil exits out of the eccentric orifice at the
upper end of the crankshaft, propelled against the interior surface of
the sealed casing of the compressor. <br />
There are various patents
that disclose particular details of this oiling or lubricating system.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,410,478 discloses a cylindrical tubular device joined by
a conical section, as well as a wall placed in the interior of the
tubular device acting as a gate, such a wall being costly to construct.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,451,615 discloses a lateral outflow passage from an
eccentric upper section of the interior duct of the crankshaft.<br />
<br />
Lastly,
Spanish Patent No. 504,039 discloses a channel in the extreme upper
face of the crankshaft, arguing the lower cost of constructing such a
channel in relation to the lateral outflow passage disclosed in the
aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,451,615. <br />
It has been possible to
confirm that the current solutions of tubular pumping devices lose part
of their effectiveness as the compressor's operating temperature rises.
Under these conditions, the fluidity of the oil mass deposited in the
housing of the compressor reaches a point such that the oil mass loses
velocity of rotation in relation to the velocity of rotation of the
tubular device. Such device loses effectiveness as a centrifugal pump
due to sliding between the interior wall of the tubular device and the
layer of oil in contact with the wall. <br />
The aforementioned
interior wall that acts as a gate may, in part, solve the problem
described, but it has the drawback of having a high cost of
construction. Moreover, the orifice at the upper end of the crankshaft
should have a certain form, so that the oil that exits therefrom has
sufficient force to be propelled against the interior wall of the sealed
casing of the compressor. This certain form, in the compressors that
are known, entails significant difficulties in construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION<br />
With the improvements of the invention, the noted drawbacks can be eliminated. <br />
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to elim<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s1600/IMGH_05851.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XvkRShXYEYhvVGZ1TkNmhY7e8I3e-V91NVgCMqn72uFzW6n3jPOiXd9cQEqf26iLzInJHrskMqA1xeWDpTld0H-CesWyKqWj-WrWIRxmjXL7KSBIJao7QzAC6boKjhV3bXqEpY9qCC7M/s320/IMGH_05851.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>inate the drawbacks noted above with respect to the prior art. <br />
It is also an object of the present invention to simplify the lubrication of compressors. <br />
It is another object of the present invention to lower manufacturing cost of a lubrication system for compressors. <br />
It
is a further object of the present invention to compensate for the
decrease in oil viscosity caused by a rise in temperature in the
lubrication system of a compressor. <br />
These and other objects are
attained by the present invention which is directed to improvements in
the lubrication system of compressors for cooling fluids. According to
the present invention, the upper end of the interior lubrication duct in
a crankshaft of the compressor ends in a first substantially conical
section and a second substantially cylindrical section of variable
contour depending upon the profile of the upper end of the crankshaft.
This distinct configuration of the upper end of the lubrication duct
offers the advantage of greater simplicity in construction and
consequently a lower manufacturing cost, while at the same time
maintaining the same efficiency as other current forms of more
complicated configuration. <br />
Advantageously, the tubular device,
which is coupled to the lower end of the interior duct of the
crankshaft, is provided in its interior with a spring formed by an
elastic and resistant wire affixed by means of pressure and by insertion
of a part of the spring in a substantially conical section of the
tubular device or member submerged in oil (the tubular devic<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s1600/IMGH_05852.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48FRteUA0zVWlXdJFdJU-aogSjQl-uGISrTDebibIvI3mVYz5W54xQcslfAKZjol1rQ-VhDjjxtOKxMzpWkUQEe551ClLkpyI5EpTCyy5cZ-j74YVc2WB5ZX28QeybGBfF4ziY9K0rCRH/s320/IMGH_05852.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>e comprises a
first substantially cylindrical upper section and a second
substantially conical lower section adapted to be inserted into oil).
The part of the spring submerged in the oil acts as a paddle propelling
the oil, and thereby compensating for decrease in oil viscosity caused
by the temperature. <br />
The aforementioned spring may have various
forms or structures in accordance with the present invention. In one
embodiment, the spring forms a closed loop which ends with a lower leg
thereof extending towards the lower substantially conical portion of the
tubular device or member. In a second embodiment, the spring takes the
form of two arms making a substantially inverted U, and bent according
to the conical profile of the tubular device. In another embodiment, the
spring takes the form of two arms shaped in a U and bent according to
the conical profile of the tubular device and with the free ends thereof
joined at the upper portion thereof. <br />
All the noted spring shapes
may be constructed with wire having a circular or a square
cross-section so as to improve the attachment thereof within the
interior of the tubular device or member.<br />
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS<br />
For
a fuller understanding thereof, the present invention will be described
in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which certain embodiments of the present invention are schematically
illustrated and to which the present invention is not intended to be
exclusively restricted. <br />
In the drawings, <br />
FIG. 1
illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of a sealed compressor of
cooling fluids, in which the improvements according to the present
invention are applied; <br />
FIG. 2 is a partially sectional side view
of a crank shaft and of a tubular device having the improvements
according to the present invention; and <br />
FIGS. 3 and 4 each illustrate springs for the tubular device illustrated in FIG. 2.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7VV6oJDWcxqVWPE1V6YOvwwuv7JMjP-vkycM7mxcEPfZ37G29TcU9rklSfRK_lk6ArrDjaz329Z7Zsi1qE-BFLb0whKY7MArRdvVIVQKvpXOia67jeF4QXmhANIpoKuO7zIakCtdJdN0a/s1600/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7VV6oJDWcxqVWPE1V6YOvwwuv7JMjP-vkycM7mxcEPfZ37G29TcU9rklSfRK_lk6ArrDjaz329Z7Zsi1qE-BFLb0whKY7MArRdvVIVQKvpXOia67jeF4QXmhANIpoKuO7zIakCtdJdN0a/s320/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-1.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS<br />
Referring
to FIG. 1, a compressor 1 includes a sealed casing 2 with an
alternating motor-driven compressor assembly housed in the interior
thereof, the assembly including a vertical-axis crankshaft 3 provided
with a longitudinal interior lubrication duct 4 (FIG. 2) communicating
with various points 5,6 on the exterior surface of the crankshaft 3, and
with the upper end 7 of the same, eccentrically to the axis of rotation
thereof. The assembly also includes a tubular device 8 coupled to a
lower end of the interior duct 4 of the crankshaft 3, the tubular device
8 comprising a first upper section 9 that is substantially cylindrical
and a second lower substantially conical section 10 to be submerged in
oil. <br />
As can be seen in FIG. 2, the upper end 7 of the lubrication
duct 4 terminates in a first substantially conical section 11 and a
second substantially cylindrical section 12 of variable contour
depending upon the profile 13 of the upper end 7 of the crankshaft 3. <br />
As
also illustrated in FIG. 2, the tubular device 8 is provided in the
interior with a spring 14 formed by an elastic and resistant wire, e.g.
of tempered steel, and affixed by means of pressure and by insertion of
part of the spring in the conical section 10 of the tubular device or
member 8 which is adapted to be submerged in the oil. As shown in FIG.
2, the spring 14 takes the form of two arms 15 and 16 shaped into an
inverted U and bent at points 17 and 18 according to the conical profile
of the tubular device or member 8. <br />
In FIG. 3, the spring 14
forms a closed loop 19 ending with a lower leg 20 thereof extending
towards the lower conical part 10 of the tubular device 8.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-X6348kKhfNsjBT4Cj1MTMNep4CXCswQExUwrxQyTEKNmQczO1LVqX77TI9lkAlwD1cqqLqkW6zvrI8pcbVRhW9xK1gEHyVHDhqQJCO7dJE6xmZV6Aclh6ZxsHnV1ip7Tm3I9jZQliwCE/s1600/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-X6348kKhfNsjBT4Cj1MTMNep4CXCswQExUwrxQyTEKNmQczO1LVqX77TI9lkAlwD1cqqLqkW6zvrI8pcbVRhW9xK1gEHyVHDhqQJCO7dJE6xmZV6Aclh6ZxsHnV1ip7Tm3I9jZQliwCE/s320/ZEM-COMPR-LUB-2.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
<br />
The
spring illustrated in FIG. 4 takes the form of two arms 21 and 22 in the
shape of a U bent at points 23 and 24 according to the conical profile
of the tubular device 8 (i.e. the lower substantially conical section 10
thereof) and with the free ends 25 and 26 thereof joined at the upper
portion as illustrated. <br />
As described above, the springs are
introduced into the tubular device 8 with the lower portion thereof
situated in the conical section 10 to be submerged in oil. When the
crankshaft 3 rotates, driven by the rotor of the electrical motor, the
tubular device 8 rotates along with spring 14, with the lower part of
the spring submerged in oil acting as a paddle. <br />
The
characteristic form 11 of the outflow orifice in the upper end 7 of the
lubrication duct 4 permits the oil that flows through the eccentric duct
4 to be propelled in a continuous jet against the interior wall of the
casing 2. <br />
It follows from the description above that the
improvements according to the present invention allow for enhancement in
the lubrication of the crankshaft and in the propulsion of oil against
the interior wall of the casing 2 due to the springs 14 acting as
paddles, and allows for a reduction in the cost of manufacture of the
crankshaft 3 by simplifying the orifice at the upper end 7 of the
crankshaft 3 without diminishing the effectiveness thereof. Similarly,
the cost of construction of the spring 14 is much lower than the
previously described interior wall with respect to the prior art. <br />
The
preceding description of the present invention is merely exemplary, and
is not intended to limit the scope thereof in any way. </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b> </b>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<b>
<span style="font-size: small;">REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL Hermetically enclosed compressor with mechanical and electrical connection means:</span></b>
</div>
<br />
For an electrically opera<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s320/IMGH_05742.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ted, hermetically enclosed compressor (2)
particularly for use in domestic refrigerators there is provided a novel
system for the electric connection of the compressor (2) to the
electric circuit of the refrigerator by means of a single support and
fixation system (13) on the compressor which may be used for
alternatively connecting two different components, one such component
being a conventional support adapted to receive onle the power supply
cables for the compressor, the other component comprising a complete
terminal strip (23) to which all the circuits of the refrigerator are
connected and which is designed for the automatized mounting thereon of
an electric connector.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOq19VOig7LsytvxWLhew-Np6EhxrzOI-1qFi2UiHSXVirQ1U7SAGLHXeQMC76KTR8OOHxlGVkfA60JBLRoX9TbmoC32yn3jH4B2RHxXrLR-GJYqK5EKoC44wbk53nYbS2QKZyGXEJQFiW/s1600/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOq19VOig7LsytvxWLhew-Np6EhxrzOI-1qFi2UiHSXVirQ1U7SAGLHXeQMC76KTR8OOHxlGVkfA60JBLRoX9TbmoC32yn3jH4B2RHxXrLR-GJYqK5EKoC44wbk53nYbS2QKZyGXEJQFiW/s320/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
1. Hermetically enclosed compressor (2) with a mounting base
(13) secured to the compressor for carrying the electrical connections,<br />
characterized by<br />
a support member (26) which is dismountably attached to the compressor
(2) and formed as a single module adapted to hold a starter (20) and a
thermal protection device (21); and<br />
two different cable connection
members, one being a terminal strip (22) and the other being a cable
clamping insert (24), the mounting base (13), the terminal strip (22)
and the cable clamping insert (24) being formed such that the terminal
strip (22) and the cable clamping insert (24) are selectively mountable
on the mounting base (13). <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. Compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that there is provided a housing (25) to cover the support member (26) and the cable connection member (22 or 24). <br />
<br clear="all" /></div>
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
The present invention relates to a hermetically enclosed compressor according to DE-B-26 04 764.<br />
According
to the actual state of the art, the design of the electric connection
of such compressors is fundamentally dictated by the design of the
electric circuit<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s320/IMGH_05742.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a> of the refrigerator as a whole.<br />
The innumerable
possibilities of designing an electric circuit for a domestic
refrigerator manufactured on an industrial scale may be basically
reduced to just two alternative arrangements: the first of these
arrangements is directed to the provision at any suitable location
within the refrigerator of a suitable terminal strip or box so as to be
accessible from the exterior, usually from the rear of the refrigerator.<br />
Combined
in this terminal box or strip are the terminals of all the electric
component circuits of the refrigerator, the terminal box or strip being
internally provided with means for interconnecting the various component
circuits so as to result in a unitary circuit.<br />
The terminal box
or strip is finally connected to an external power supply cable to
thereby complete the wiring of the refrigerator. This solution is
represented by DE-A-31 42 773 with respect to the connections between
relays, the starter and the thermal protection device.<br />
The second
arrangement, applicable as an alternative to the first one proceeds from
the recognition that the compressor is usually provided with certain
electric components associated and connected thereto in a permanent
manner and required for ensuring proper operation of the compressor,
typically a starter and a thermal protection device.<br />
As this
assembly already constitutes an elementary electric circuit, it is found
convenient to connect the compressor itself directly to the external
power supply. The power is then supplied to the remaining circuit
components of the refrigerator via a suitable connection arrangement
including a terminal box or strip to which the circuit components other
than the compressor are connected and which serves the same purpose as
described before, to thereby complete the wiring of the refrigerator.
This second solution is represented by DE-A-33 20 391. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj73uyiHETXgluqWpO9KdhnqBju0_hHtGz8EYBkdxrzSCmasdvDnVjuDuIoAwMvVbmodIdUSNIxnuWdZWa56jqZ91C916PIFNg4zH_958WgWSGs7BKyjkBeNjPmMvmm5fA8AFW-42aTamoc/s1600/IMGH_05741.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj73uyiHETXgluqWpO9KdhnqBju0_hHtGz8EYBkdxrzSCmasdvDnVjuDuIoAwMvVbmodIdUSNIxnuWdZWa56jqZ91C916PIFNg4zH_958WgWSGs7BKyjkBeNjPmMvmm5fA8AFW-42aTamoc/s320/IMGH_05741.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>A box includes
the starter and the thermal protection device.<br />
From a purely
electrical viewpoint the two solutions are substantially equivalent.
From the viewpoint, however, of assembly of the connections in the
production line there are relevant differences.<br />
In the first case,
in which the various components are electrically connected to the
terminal box or strip, there is the advantage of good accessibility,
since the terminal box or strip can be disposed at the optimum location;
on the other hand this solution requires the additional electric
connection of the compressor to the terminal box or strip, obviously
resulting in economical disadvantages as regards material requirements
and assembly operations.<br />
In contrast thereto, in the second case
explained above there is a concentration of the various circuits at a
single location, namely, on the compressor, with evident advantages with
regard to material requirements, but indubitably with greater
difficulties in finishing and inspection of the wiring, because the
connections are established manually after the compressor has been
installed, these operations being sometimes rendered difficult by
limited accessibility on all sides of the already installed compressor
in its housing.<br />
In addition to all that has been said above, it is
to be kept in mind that up to now all of the connections in the wiring
of the refrigerator are established by wholly conventional manual
operations, with the inevitable possibility of human errors and at
relatively high cost.<br />
The present invention is therefore directed to the obtention of the following advantages:<br />
In a hermetically enclosed compressor similarly conceived for
connection via a separate terminal strip or an integrated terminal
strip, to permit the alternative employ of two integrated structures
each having the same mechanical and electrical mounting base to be
attached to the compressor, and an integral module including the
starter, the thermal protection device and a protection cover, but
having different systems for the electric connection to the remaining
circuit components of the refrigerator.<br />
According to the
invention, these objects are attained in a domestic refrigerator
comprising a compressor having the features defined in claim 1.<br />
The
cable connection members comprise at least one integrated structure
including a mounting base and a terminal strip, or alternatively an
integrated structure including a mounting base and a cable clamping
insert, said integrated structures being adapted to be mechanically
mounted in an interlocking fit on a metallic base formed by punching and
bending a sheet metal blank and permanently secured to the compressor
adjacent the hermetically sealed connection terminal thereof.<br />
It
normally also happens that one and the same compressor model is used by
different refrigerator makers in different refrigerator models having
different wiring systems, so that it is not always possible to employ an
integral structure incorporating a terminal strip for different
refrigerator models having different electric circuits.<br />
The
characteristics and advantages of the invention will become evident from
the following description, given by way of example with reference to
the accompanying drawings, wherein: <br />
<dl>
<dt>Fig. 1</dt>
<dd>is a diagrammatic perspective rear view of a domestic refrigerator of conventional type; </dd>
<dt>fig. 2</dt>
<dd>is
an elevational view of a compressor according to the invention,
including a starter, a thermal protection device and a terminal strip; </dd>
<dt>fig. 3</dt>
<dd>is an elevational view of a compressor according to the invention, including a cable clamping insert; </dd>
<dt>fig. 4</dt>
<dd>shows an exploded perspective view of the components of the integrated structure. </dd></dl>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOq19VOig7LsytvxWLhew-Np6EhxrzOI-1qFi2UiHSXVirQ1U7SAGLHXeQMC76KTR8OOHxlGVkfA60JBLRoX9TbmoC32yn3jH4B2RHxXrLR-GJYqK5EKoC44wbk53nYbS2QKZyGXEJQFiW/s1600/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOq19VOig7LsytvxWLhew-Np6EhxrzOI-1qFi2UiHSXVirQ1U7SAGLHXeQMC76KTR8OOHxlGVkfA60JBLRoX9TbmoC32yn3jH4B2RHxXrLR-GJYqK5EKoC44wbk53nYbS2QKZyGXEJQFiW/s320/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-1.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
With
reference to Fig. 1, a domestic refrigerator presents, when viewed from
the rear, a lower cavity 1 housing a compressor 2 with its external
components 3 and the delivery and return pipes 4 and 5, respectively, of
the refrigerant circuit. Also diagrammatically shown are a condenser 6
and a capillary 7.<br />
In the "external terminal strip" version shown
in fig. 1, the refrigerator further includes a terminal strip or box 8,
an external power supply cable 9, a connection 10 leading from terminal
strip 8 to compressor 2, and a number of connections 11, 12 leading from
terminal strip 8 to other electrical components of the refrigerator.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGerxcsu4_U7xmpYediZk3yQ2qm9rfH_ixAwaBYJXyHwkVhG9xEbfs5iOPsVzPmUWuDZYyGTGnOYVHJSPGwFbTdpXwC4-DOc0_d2DIokSDs8675VZo6hu0h2tEIrEW6w4_WiNsQbux85ib/s1600/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGerxcsu4_U7xmpYediZk3yQ2qm9rfH_ixAwaBYJXyHwkVhG9xEbfs5iOPsVzPmUWuDZYyGTGnOYVHJSPGwFbTdpXwC4-DOc0_d2DIokSDs8675VZo6hu0h2tEIrEW6w4_WiNsQbux85ib/s320/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-2.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
With
reference to Fig. 2, there is shown a metallic mounting base 13,
suitably welded to the outer casing 14 of the compressor adjacent the
power supply terminals (not shown) thereof so that the latter extend
through an opening 15 formed in mounting base 13.<br />
Also shown in
Fig. 4 are the horizontally positioned starter 20 and the thermal
protection device 21 housed respectively in suitable cavities of the
dismountable support 26.<br />
Support 26 is provided with a plurality
of preferably internal contacts 31, the employ of which will be
specified in the following.<br />
A first element 22 acting as a
connector-terminal unit is composed of external electrical terminals 23
arranged and disposed for being connected to corresponding external
conductors, of internal electric connections 32 between said terminals
23, of at least one external contact 321, and of a tongue 27 and detent
28 mechanism for releasably mounting and positioning said element 22 in
cooperation with a corresponding guide 29 and recess 30, respectively,
provided on an angularly extending leg portion of mounting plate 13.<br />
The
mechanical configuration is selected so that, when element 22 is
mounted on mounting plate 13, contact 321 is positively coupled to one
of contacts 31.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrCeRVvQo9iAtymhjK2IEj_9DOn9WojhvGpA5ElzHu0cKsx24qdR7fI_qpUgZjWDDJukY5kVEcpuCWddWVBIL77CtzNb31b6bx_cG2KleklVLceTjEzunFVfVyfC5jLqgNiFOCzzLavePq/s1600/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrCeRVvQo9iAtymhjK2IEj_9DOn9WojhvGpA5ElzHu0cKsx24qdR7fI_qpUgZjWDDJukY5kVEcpuCWddWVBIL77CtzNb31b6bx_cG2KleklVLceTjEzunFVfVyfC5jLqgNiFOCzzLavePq/s320/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-3.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
With reference to figs. 3 and 4, a second
dismountable element 24 is composed of a tongue and detent mechanism
fully identical to the above described elements 27 and 28, and of one or
several cable holder inserts for individually retaining the power
supply and grounding conductors leading to the compressor, and to be
manually connected in the conventional manner to contacts 31 and/or to
contacts projecting from the rear part of one of the relays, e.g. relay
21.<br />
The employ of the device is now evident: depending on the type
of the circuitry of the refrigerator, the electric connections are
established on element 22 or alternatively on element 24. Any of these
elements can be readily and interchangeably mounted on the compressor
thanks to the complementary construction of the respective mounting
structures 27, 28 and 29, 30, respectively.<br />
In the first case the
electric connection is automatically established either between contacts
321 and 31, or through a suitable connection between one of terminals
23 and one of the contacts projecting from the rear part of one of the
relays, e.g. relay 21.<br />
In the second case the electric connection
is established by manually connecting in the conventional manner the
incoming cables to the above named contacts.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiye2frg2Gmvyr9shUxsZd9tji352kscWanPfS-8GBnPa1rjgRcT4v_ACu4lDIcJtPgDyJu2mzZYnpZPDbsChUW9eLlPFQH8j-u3eFHRO6jKie9fkeSnKTO9zwt-FtsJtIDIY_VlogSFwn6/s1600/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiye2frg2Gmvyr9shUxsZd9tji352kscWanPfS-8GBnPa1rjgRcT4v_ACu4lDIcJtPgDyJu2mzZYnpZPDbsChUW9eLlPFQH8j-u3eFHRO6jKie9fkeSnKTO9zwt-FtsJtIDIY_VlogSFwn6/s320/ZEM-ELECT-CONN-4.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
The electric
connection between the two components 20 and 21, the support 26 and the
compressor may be established in any suitable manner and shall therefore
not be described. From a comparison of Fig. 2 to Fig. 3 it is evident
that the employ of one and the same dismountable support 26 in the two
different arrangements on the one hand permits one and the same
compressor to be employed with any of the two different wiring
arrangements described above, and on the other hand results in optimum
cost-effectiveness, inasmuch as the employ of cable holder 24 is just an
alternative to the employ of element 22, so that the electric
subassembly composed of compressor 2, the two relays 20 and 21, and
support 26 can be readily and directly connected to the wiring of any
refrigerator.<br />
Independently of the type of the connections between
the above named electric components, it is finally to be noted that a
further simplification in the mounting of these components is obtainable
by the provision of a single protective cover 25 dimensioned so as to
be able to accommodate any of the two connection arrangements described
above and thus to be indifferently employed in any of the two cases.</div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL Method of and apparatus for sealing tubes constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical conductivity:</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>1. A method of welding
together pieces constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical
conductivity, wherein a piece t<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s320/IMGH_05742.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>o be welded is placed in contact with at
least one electrode of negative temperature coefficient, so as to
receive the heat energy which is developed therein when it is connected
to a source of electricity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the piece
or pieces to be welded together are placed in contact with a pair of
electrodes ol' negative temperature coeffici so as to establisll
electrical continuity between said electrodes and receive the energy
which is developed in these latter as a consequence of the establishment
of the electrical continuity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
3. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims,
wherein the electrodes are resiliently pressed on to the piece or
pieces. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims, wherein the welding is brazing. <br />
<br clear="all" />
5. A method as claimed in the preceding Claims,
wherein the welding takes place as a result of plasticising.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
6. A method as claimed In Claim 4, which is used for
joining together elements of a refrigeration circuit, in particular a
capillary tube and a tube of greater diameter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
7. A method as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the tiie
tulle oi' greater diameter is previously deformed mechanically to
provide a seati ii# i'c,r the capillary tube, and to form a socket
region for receiving the brazing material <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. A method as claimed in Claim 4 and in one of the
remaining Claims, wherein, at least llnti ] the moment in which the
brazing material begins to melt, the intensity of the current
circulating through the electrodes is kept at a higher value than during
the time in which the electrodes are still maintained in contact witij
at least one of the pieces to be joined together. <br />
<br clear="all" />
9. A method as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the
intensity of the current circulating through the electrodes is decreased
for at least part of the time subsequent to the moment in which the
brazing material begins to melt, by connecting at least one resistive
component in series with the electrodes. <br />
<br clear="all" />
10. A method as claimed in Claim 5 and one or more
of the remaining claims, wllich is used for sealing a tube of a circuit
containing a fluid under pressure. <br />
<br clear="all" />
11. A method as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the
tube is meelBlically deformed on both sides of the weld before the weld
is made. <br />
<br clear="all" />
12. An apparatus for carrying out the method as
claimed in the preceding Claims, comprising at least one electrode ol'
negative temperature coefficient, and means for connecting it to a
source of electricity. <br />
<br clear="all" />
13. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 12, wherein the
means izor connecting it to the source of electricity comprise the
actual piece or pieces on which the electrode acts. <br />
<br clear="all" />
14. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 12 and/or 13,
comprisillg a pair of electrodes of~ negative temperature coefficient
which are mobile substantially in the same plane but in opposite
directions, and between which the piece or pieces, used as tlie
electrical connection means, are gripped <br />
<br clear="all" />
15. An apparatus as claimed in one or more of Claims
12 to 14, comprising a switch for connecting a resistive component I in
series with the electrodes. <br />
<br clear="all" />
16. An apparatus as cm aimed in Claim 15, wherein
the switch is controlled by a thermostat. <br />
<br clear="all" />
17. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 14, wherein at
least one electrode is mounted resiliently yieldable in a mobile
operating head wliicl, comprises at least one jaw for deforming the
piece, in particular for mechanically closing a tube.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
18. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 17, comprising
two mobile heads and control means for moving said heads.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br />
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
Method of and apparatus for welding together pieces constructed of metals of high thermal and electrical conductivity.<br />
This
invention relates to a method of welding together pieces constructed of
metals, which can be different, but which have high thermal and
electrical conductivity.<br />
Although the invention can be applied to
many fields, those of particular interest are a) joining a copper tube
to an aluminium tube, for example in the refrigeration circuit oi' a
domestic refrigerator, and b) sealing the copper tube through which the
refrigerant fluid is charged into the refrigeration circuit of a
domestic refrigerator.<br />
In case a) , the copper tube can be the
capillary tube and alluminium tube the evaporator and/or the suction
tube of the co<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s320/IMGH_05742.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>mpressor in the circuit. The capillary tube is that
element of the refrigeration circuit in which the (theoretically
isenthalpic) expansion occurs of the liquid refrigerating fluid whicli
leaves the condenser to then enter the evaporator. As the undercooling
of the capillary tube increases the useful effect of the refrigeration
circuit, it is usual to insert a portion of the capillary tube in said
suction tube.<br />
It is therefore necessary to make at least one joint
at the point in which the capillary tube enters the suction tube. A
further joint is usually necessary at the point in wliic the capillary
tube enters the evaporator, particularly if this latter is in the form
of a tubular coil. As it must be ensured that the refrigeration circuit
is absolutely hermetically sealed, the quality of the joints must be
excellent, in spite of the difficulties due to tulle fact that the two
pieces to be joined together are dii'ferent from each other, and have
such a high electrical conductivity that it is impossible to make the
joint by conventional resistance welding.<br />
<br />
Again with reference to
case a), a Jointing system is known which uses a short auxiliary copper
tube having an outer diameter intermediate between the diameter of the
capillary tube and the diameter of the aluminium tube. The capillary
tube passes through said auxiliary tube, and is joined to one end
thereof by torch brazing.<br />
The other end of the auxiliary tube is joined to the aluminium tube by further brazing or by pressure welding.<br />
<br />
This
jointing system is certainly of good quality, but is relatively
complicated and above all costly because of the copper construction of
said auxiliary tube. The absolute value of this cost is very high when,
in a modern industry, daily production amounts to several thousands of
refrigerators.<br />
<br />
With regard to case b), in the known method the
copper charging tube is firstly closed by mechanical deformation using a
clamp, and then, with the clamp applied, it is filled from its open end
with a brazing material melted by means of a torch. This method has the
disadvantage of not completely ensuring the opening of the welding
zone, requiring the use of specialised labour and involving the use of a
large quantity of brazing material when related to a daily production
of several thousands of refrigerators.<br />
The object of the present
invention is to provide a new welding method, in particular for joining a
copper capillary tube to an aluminium tube, and for closing the end of
t}ie charging tube of a refrigeration circuit, in which low cost and
simplicity of operation are attained together with excellent weld
quality.<br />
According to the method of the invention, a piece to be
welded is placed in contact with at least one electrode having a
negative temperature coefficient so as to recieve the heat energy
developed in it when it is connected to a source of electricity.<br />
In
a preferred embodiment of the method ac cordillar to the invention, he
piece or pieces to be welded together are placed in contact with a pair
of electrodes having a negative temperature coefficient so as to
establish electrical continuity between these electrodes and receive the
heat energy which is developed in these latter as a consequence of
establishing electrical continuity.<br />
The term electrode having a
negative temperature coefficient" indicates an electrode, the electrical
resistallce of which decreases as the temperature increases.<br />
The
heat transmitted by the electrode or electrodes to the piece or pieces
melts the welding material in contact with the piece, or at least
transforms the piece into its plastic state so that, in this latter
case, it is sufficient for the electrodes to exert a low pressure on the
piece to form the weld.<br />
The apparatus which enables the method to
be carried out and is also part of the invention comprises at least one
electrode of negative temperature coefficient, and meals lor connecting
it to a source of electricity.<br />
In the preferred embodiment of the
apparatus, the mealls for connecting it to tulle source OS' electricity
comprise the actual piece or pieces on which the electrode is to act.<br />
In
the most advantageous embodinlent of the invention, the apparatus
comprises a pair of electrodes of Negative temperature coefficient,
which are mobile sub staiitially in the same plane but in opposite
directions, and between which are gripped the piece or pieces to be
welded, these latter being utilised as the electrical connectioii means.<br />
All
the characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be
apparent from the description given hereinafter (which, as a
non-limiting example of application of this method, relates both to
joining a copper capillary tube to an aluminium suction tube of the
refrigeration circuit oi a domestic refrigerator by brazil and to
sealing the end ol the charging' tube of such a refrigeration circuit)
and from the accompanying drawing, in which:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA9aRo-kU9mzs2u1TySC3ZQ2NfBCcNQ_ep8X3wDkObmVDWRVSbFWxMXjFsb-ZRO8y3wBDT7DWfEbqEsdaSrmHzIXRlynEFwfLt7INsh9B4vWwLxxljCXH0Z1r3W8STtBA07Iz0o7TSr-7Y/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-1__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA9aRo-kU9mzs2u1TySC3ZQ2NfBCcNQ_ep8X3wDkObmVDWRVSbFWxMXjFsb-ZRO8y3wBDT7DWfEbqEsdaSrmHzIXRlynEFwfLt7INsh9B4vWwLxxljCXH0Z1r3W8STtBA07Iz0o7TSr-7Y/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-1__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
: Figure 1 is a
sectional diagrammatic view, through their axes, of two tubes during the
operations involved in their joining; Figure 2 is a cross-section
through said tubes on the line Il-Il of Figure 1 after the joint has
been completed and the electrodes used have been removed; Figure 3 shows
the electrical circuit used for melting the brazing material; Figure 4
shows the variations in the current intensity through the suction tube
and its temperature adjacent to the electrodes during the joining by
brazing; Figure 5 is a side view of the apparatus for welding (sealing)
the charging tube of a refrigeration circuit; Figure 6 is a section on
the line VI-VI of Figure 5, and Figure 7 shows a portion of the charging
tube after its sealing.<br />
With reference to Figures 1 and 2, a
copper capillary tube 1 is inserted directly into a portion of an
aluminium tube 2, for example representing the tube which constitutes
the evaporator of a refrigeration circuit of a domestic refrigerator.
There is thus a first great financial advantage in eliminating the
aforesaid auxiliary copper tube. The aluminium tube 2 can have an outer
diameter of 10 mm (against the 2 mm of the capillary tube 1), and has
previously been mechanically deformed over a small portion 3 just after
the mouth 4 to provide a flare 5 and a double lobed section at said
portion 3 (see Fig. 2).<br />
The brazing material and its de-oxidising
agent are placed in the flare 5. These substances are indicated together
by the reference numeral 6. The brazing material tried by the applicant
in the example of the application of the method described here was the
alloy known commercially as "So) dwiiol 1 265" of Messrs. Degussa ( the
alloy carries the symbol L-CdZn 20, in accordance with D1N 1707). This
is a eutectic cadmium-zinc alloy with Hs.5es of cadmium and a melting
point of 266 C. The de-oxidising agent tried was wSoldaflux AL" of
Messrs.<br />
Degussa (carrying the symbol F-LW 3, in accordance with
DIN 8511), its action being effective over the temperature range of 200
to 300 C.<br />
According to the invention, the high conductivity of the
aluminium with which the tube 2 is made is utilised to melt the brazing
material. Thus the aforesaid techn<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s320/IMGH_05742.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ical and economical drawbacks due to
the use of torch brazing are obviated. For this purpose, an electrical
circuit (shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3) is constructed comprising the
terminals 7 and 8 which receive an alternating single phase current
from the secondary winding of a voltage step-down transformer (not
shown), supply cables 9 and 10, and a pair of electrodes 11 and 12 of a
material such as graphite which has a negative temperature coeffi cient.
By the Joule effect, the electrical energy at the electrodes 11 and 12
is transformed into heat which reaches the brazing material by
conduction through the tube 2.<br />
These electrodes are brought into
contact with the portion 3 of the tube 2 at the beginning of brazing.
ln the electrical circuit diagrai ot' Fig. 3, the electrodes are shown
as two variable resistor with the said reference numerals 11 and 12,
whereas the reference numeral 13 indicates the resistance, obviously of
extremely low value, of the tube 2 through which tulle circuit is made.<br />
The
circuit also comprises a switch 14 wlich, according to the control
signals which it receives from the regulator 15, can be shifted from
tulle contact 16 to the contact 17 to connect into the circuit a
secondary branch 18 which comprises a high ohmic resist or 19.<br />
The
reglll ator 15 can be any device able to cause said resistor 19 to be
connected in series with the electrodes 11 and 12 and tube 2 when the
brazing material has reached its melting point, so reducing the current
intensity l in the electrical circuit. In this respect, the applicant
has fouiid that this lives an energy saving because the absorbed power
of the circuit call be reduced by as much as 7596 during tlie second
brazing stage (i.e.<br />
when the switch 14 is closed on tlie contact
17) with respect to the first stage (i.e. when the switch 14 is closed
on the contact 16). Advantageously, said regulator 15 is a rapid
response thermostat, the sensor of which determines the temperature of
the aluminium tube 2 in the immediate vicinity of the point in which it
is joined to the capillary tube 1.<br />
However, the regulator 15 can
be in the form of a timer, provided it is known accurately after what
time from the beginning of the operation the timer must shift the switch
14 from the contact 16 to the contact 17 (on the basis of all accurate
trial run of the brazing operation).<br />
The variation in current
intensity I (measured in amperes) passing through the tube 2 during
brazing, and the variation in temperature in C of this tube ( which can
be sprayed with a conventional coolant after' brazing) shown in Figure 4
have been obtained by tests carried out by the applicant.<br />
After
the brazing material has melted, the electrodes 11 aiid 12 are removed
from contact with the portion 3 of the tube 2, so that it is possible to
remove this latter (now joined to the capillary tube 1) and proceed to a
further brazing operation. In Figure 1 the approach and withdrawal of
the tube electrodes are shown by arrows.<br />
Fiiially, it silould be
noted that in this example the el ectiodes do not exert any mechanical
deformation action on the pieces to be joined together ( the tubes 1 and
2 in tills example). Thus(also because of the fact that the material of
which the electrodes are made has a Ilegative tell1J#erature
coefficient, i.e.<br />
its electrical resistance decreases as its
temperature increases) the method described herein is conceptually the
opposite of collventional resistaiice weld<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s320/IMGH_05742.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ing of ferrous metals, which
have a relatively high thermal and electrical conductivity.<br />
The
advalltages of the method according to the present invention can be described as follows: pieces made of materials of high electrical
and thermal conductivity can be joined together by brazing other than
torch brazing, and thus more simple to carry out and of much higher
reliability; the energy consumption can be considerably reduced by not
supplying excess energy when this is not required; in tlie particular
case of joining a capillary tube to an aluniinium tube, it is no longer
necessary to use an intermediate auxiliary tube.<br />
With reference to
Figures 5 to 7, which show the sealing of the tube for charging the
refrigeration circuit of a domestic refrigerator with refrigerant fluid,
the tube in question, constructed for example of copper, is indicated
by the reference numeral 100. It is welded to the casing 101 which
contains the compressor and its electrical drive motor (not shown), and
communicates with the casing interior.<br />
In order to introduce the
refrigerant fluid, a connector element 102 incorporating a non-return
valve 103 is mounted on the free end of tle tube 100 by well known
methods. Again by well known methods, a charging pistol is connected to
the connector element, and when operated causes pressurised refrigerant
fluid to flow into the circuit. After the charging operation, the pistol
is disconnected from the connector element, and the circuit then
contains pressurised refrigerant fluid which cannot escape because of
the non-return valve 103.<br />
The problem solved by the invention is
to properky seal the tube 100 after said charging operation, without
usi)ig welding material.<br />
According to the inventioll, the problem
is solved by causing localised plasticising or fusion of the charging
tube, mainly by the lleat given up by electrodes 104, 105 of negative
temperature coefficient, for example of graphite, which are moderately
pressed from opposing sides against the tube and thus cause permanent
sealing of the tube by welding as a result of the plasticising or fus
ioll .<br />
Advai)te(J;eousiy, to prevent the pressurised refrigerant
fluid iii the circuit from being able to escape through tlle passages
wllic}l can open up in the plasticising or fusion zone, the tube is
closed before welding and maintained closed during welding, by
mechanical deformation exerted in a zone between the electrodes 104, 105
and the casing 101, and optiollally also in a zone between the
electrodes and tulle free end of the charging tube.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHXItxIJpWDUgG02erU3vhegYY4Toj8trBb9qX35s7OWZeDjSYh_TFr2588bLodMwVgUkUPOgNjk92c66TvKUejC6Ea1QcRvCcpxCqY2twdlSTJfIKmo1sUB5rGkGJZte8NE6BVTmwnAM/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-2__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHXItxIJpWDUgG02erU3vhegYY4Toj8trBb9qX35s7OWZeDjSYh_TFr2588bLodMwVgUkUPOgNjk92c66TvKUejC6Ea1QcRvCcpxCqY2twdlSTJfIKmo1sUB5rGkGJZte8NE6BVTmwnAM/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-2__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
The said
operations are carried out by the device shown in Figures 5 to 7,
comprising electrodes 104, 105 and means for localised temporary
mechanical closure of the tube.<br />
Tulle device in question comprises
a pair of levers 106, 107 rotatable about their pivots 108, 109, and
supported at their ends in a pair of parallel fixed side plates 110.<br />
Each
lever 106, 107 comprises at one end a working head 111 in which the
electrode 104, 105 is disposed, and at the other end a roller 112 which,
urged by springs 113, 114, is kept in contact with the end of a rod 115
of a piston 116. This piston is slidably mounted in a cylinder 117, and
on one of its ends there acts a return spring 118 and on the other end
there acts a pressurised fluid fed for example through a solenoid valve,
not shown.<br />
The end part 119 of the rod 115 is conical so that
when the pressurised fluid is fed into the cylinder 117, the consequent
movement of the piston 116 in the direction of the arrow A causes the
levers 106, 107 to rotate in such a direction as to cause the working
heads 111 to approach each other.<br />
These heads comprise a fork
structure with a pair of anns 12(), 121, the purpose of which is to
deform the tube 100 at tlie two sides of the electrodes 104, 105 wheii
the rod 115 is moved in the direction of the arrow A.<br />
Each
electrode 104, 105 is removably housed in a dovetail cavity 122 provided
in a partly slotted metal block 123, with ducts 124 for the passage of
cooling water ied through flexible hoses, not shown. Tlie block 123 is
provided witlj a shank 125 of polyg'oiiai or square crosssection
slidable in a bore of correspolldillg cross-section provided in tlie
crosspiece 126 of tlse fork structure. The shank 125 comprises a head
127 against which a compression spring 128 acts,<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXydlv1yGlXrV09m8ZOklBwFLkZq8SjqxIEC-eRMn0ppobtZsZdtvmfUJGnkg-gTC3QOZeP8SE2kBVIdD5wLe1n-tphAJico1WPSQOgO47glSeSp51huVauSZFwsIFiP_KbDSjwv-oe9MD/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-3__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXydlv1yGlXrV09m8ZOklBwFLkZq8SjqxIEC-eRMn0ppobtZsZdtvmfUJGnkg-gTC3QOZeP8SE2kBVIdD5wLe1n-tphAJico1WPSQOgO47glSeSp51huVauSZFwsIFiP_KbDSjwv-oe9MD/s1600/FRIDGE-TUBE-JOINT-3__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="236" /></a></div>
its other end resting against a wall 129 rigid with the fork structure.<br />
In
the device concerned, the electrical circuit extends from the terminals
B and C of an electricity source, through the electrodes 104, 105 and
through the tube 100, when this latter is in contact with the
electrodes.<br />
The tube and electrodes are therefore in series when
the device operates. The circuit is opened when the electrodes 104, 105
withdraw from the tube 100 following the return of the rod 115. Thus the
welding operation, which will be discussed in greater detail
hereinafter, can be controlled by the operator by operating the valve
(e.g. a three-way valve) associated with the cylinder 117.<br />
Operation
is as follows: The two heads 111 are initially spaced apart from each
other to allow the insertion of the tube 100 to be sealed (welded). When
the tube is dosed between the heads, the operator feeds fluid under
pressure to the cylinder 117. The rod 115 moves in the direction of the
arrow A, the levers 106, 107 rotate about the pivots 108, 109, and the
heads 111 approacl# the tube 100. The electrodes 104, 105 firstly touch
the tube at the point N, but electricity is not as yet fed to the
electrical circuit, even though this is ready to receive it.<br />
The
arms 120, 121 tlien act on the tube to deform it and close it
mechanically in two zones K and M to tlie sides of the welding point N,
this point being where the electrodes act.<br />
The connector element 102 caii not be removed.<br />
Electricity
is now fed to the terminals B, C (e.g. by means of a contact) and flows
in the circuit which is closed through the electrodes 104, 1()5 and
tube 100. The electrodes 104, 105 progressively increase in temperature
and thus heat point N to a sufficient extent to transform it into its
plastic or partly molten state so that the small pressure wlsich the
electrodes exert on the tube (by virtue of the springs 128) is
sufficiei,# to produce deformation and corlsequent welding (when the
opposing sides of the tube come into contact with each other).<br />
On
t<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s1600/IMGH_05742.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRqt7gJnowran1kqIJRWYAKwo_20OBVz6B71vjICQawJZJ6bSVd72uTSTQ_4CtE850af3nqQxM1lbWK0IlWyQttmxZpF8p0DI6d6HCLCULDPLWTMCAaDpCQ34KQN0DN7uMMbfbohd0Rlk/s320/IMGH_05742.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a>ermination of welding (sealing), the operator unloads the cylinder 117,
the two heads 111 withdraw from the tube and as the circuit is broken
the electricity no longer traverses the electrodes 104, 105, which
therefore cease to heat up.<br />
The apparatus is thus ready for a new working cycle.<br />
The
present invention covers any other field of application of the
described method, comprising the joining together of more than two
pieces and the utilisation of the conductivity of all or some of the
metals of which the pieces are constructed, to perform the welding, i.e.
the fusion of the brazing materials.<br />
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<br /></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> REX (ELECTROLUX) RI285/2TL , Device for inspecting the heat insulation of household appliances, more particularly refrigerators:</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span>1. In a plant for
manufacturing a product including insulation material, said plant
including means for forming the insulation material by foaming a
polyurethane or similar material, thereby causing an exothermic
reaction, and transport means for moving the product through said plant
during the manufacture thereof, the improvement comprising means for
inspecting the insulation characteristics of the insulation material,
said inspecting means comprising: <br />
thermographic means to be
directed toward the product for, during said foaming, detecting a heat
image of said insulation material as a function of said exothermic
reaction and for generating detected coded data representative thereof; <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>
processing and control means containing reference coded data
representative of a heat image of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics and operatively connected to said
thermographic means for receiving said detected coded data therefrom,
for comparing said detected coded data with said reference coded data,
and for generating coded response data as a function of such comparison;
and <br />
said processing and control means being operatively
connected to said transport means for controlling the operation of said
transport means as a function of said coded response data.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
2. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
processing and control means contains plural reference coded data
representative of heat images of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics of respective different products, and further
comprising input means operatively connected to said processing and
control means for selecting a respective said reference coded data
corresponding to a particular product to be manufactured.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
3. The improvement claimed in claim 1, further
comprising a monitor connected to said processing and control means for
visually displaying said detected heat image. <br />
<br clear="all" />
4. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
thermographic means is capable of orientation toward plural different
areas of the product. <br />
<br clear="all" />
5. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
transport means comprises a conveyor for moving products through said
plant, and further comprising an auxiliary conveyor for conveying
defective products, said processing and control means causing<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXLm-NJ2Dy0CyG9fiZNGoWR3APZwyafELtiGG5huiPYV4Edu3OGBjUPRaSbawp-vUF3ROqTqPtWsfffjaUAZwinWlkq0SYj-J_FlT8jvrPxvTu0lx1vLWpaVtQ1qt7Vg1ZvT1alwP50adx/s1600/IMGH_05739.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXLm-NJ2Dy0CyG9fiZNGoWR3APZwyafELtiGG5huiPYV4Edu3OGBjUPRaSbawp-vUF3ROqTqPtWsfffjaUAZwinWlkq0SYj-J_FlT8jvrPxvTu0lx1vLWpaVtQ1qt7Vg1ZvT1alwP50adx/s320/IMGH_05739.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a> said
conveyor or said auxiliary conveyor to operate as a function of said
coded response data being respectively within or without a predetermined
range. <br />
<br clear="all" />
6. The improvement claimed in claim 1, further
comprising at least one additional thermographic means, and means for
selectively switching said thermographic means and said at least one
additional thermographic means into and out of operative connection with
said processing and control means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
7. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
thermographic means is connected to said processing and control means by
an interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
8. The improvement claimed in claim 7, wherein said
thermographic means further is connected to said processing and control
means by an analog/digital converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
9. The improvement claimed in claim 1, wherein said
processing and control means is connected to said transport means by an
interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
10. The improvement claimed in claim 9, wherein said
processing and control means further is connected to said transport
means by a digital/analog converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
11. An inspecting device, for use in a plant for
manufacturing a product including insulation material, said plant
including means for forming the insulation material by forming a
polyurethane or similar material, thereby causing an exothermic
reaction, and transport means for moving the product through the plant
during the manufacture thereof, means for inspecting the insulation
characteristics of the insulation material, said inspecting means
comprising:
thermographic means to be directed toward the product
for, during the foaming operation, detecting a heat image of the
insulation material as a function of said exothermic reaction and for
generating detected coded data representative thereof; <br />
processing and control means containing reference coded data
representative of a heat image of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics and operatively connected to said
thermographic means for receiving said detected coded data therefrom,
for comparing said detected coded data with said reference coded data,
and for generating coded response data as a function of such comparison;
and <br />
said processing and control means including means to be
operatively connected to the transport means for controlling the
operation of the transport means as a function of said coded response
data.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
12. A device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said
processing and control means contains plural reference coded data
representative of heat images of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics of respective different products, and further
comprising input means operatively connected to said processing and
control means for selecting a respective said reference coded data
corresponding to a particular product to be manufactured.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
13. A device as claimed in claim 11, further
comprising a monitor connected to said processing and control means for
visually displaying said detected heat image. <br />
<br clear="all" />
14. A device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said
thermographic means is capable of orientation toward plural different
areas of the product. <br />
<br clear="all" />
15. A device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said
thermographic means is connected to said processing and control means by
an interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
16. A device as claimed in claim 15, wherein said
thermographic means further is connected to said processing and control
means by an analog/digital converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
17. A device as claimed in claim 11, further
comprising an interface for connecting said processing and control means
to the transport means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
18. A device as claimed in claim 17, further
comprising a digital/analog converter for further connecting said
processing and control means to the transport means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
19. A device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the
transport means comprises a conveyor for moving products through said
plant and auxiliary conveyor for conveying defective products, and said
processing and control means causes the conveyor or the auxiliary
conveyor to operate as a function of said coded response data being
respectively within or without a predetermined range.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
20. A device as claimed in claim 11, further
comprising at least one additional thermographic means, and means for
selectively switching said thermographic means and said at least one
additional thermographic means into and out of operative connection with
said processing and control means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
21. In a process for manufacturing a product
including insulation material, said process including forming the
insulation material by foaming a polyurethane or similar material,
thereby causing an exothermic reaction, and moving said product by
transport means during the manufacture thereof, the improvement
comprising inspecting the insulation characteristics of said insulation
material, said inspecting comprising:
directing thermographic means
toward said product and thereby, during said foaming, detecting a heat
image of said insulation material as a function of said exothermic
reaction and for generating detected coded data representative thereof; <br />
providing processing and control means containing reference coded data
representative of a heat image of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics; <br />
delivering said detected coded data
from said thermographic means to said processing and control means and
therein comparing said detected coded data with said reference coded
data and generating coded response data as a function of such
comparison; and <br />
controlling the operation of said transport means as a function of said coded response data.<br />
<br clear="all" />
<br clear="all" />
22. The improvement claimed in claim 21, comprising
provided said processing and control means with plural reference coded
data representative of heat images of insulation material of acceptable
insulation characteristics of respective different products, and
inputting to said processing and control means a selected respective
said reference coded data corresponding to a particular product to be
manufactured. <br />
<br clear="all" />
23. The improvement claimed in claim 21, further
comprising visually displaying said detected heat image on a monitor
connected to said processing and control means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
24. The improvement claimed in claim 21, further
comprising orienting said thermographic means toward plural different
areas of said product. <br />
<br clear="all" />
25. The improvement claimed in claim 21, wherein
said transport means comprises a conveyor for moving products and an
auxiliary conveyor for conveying defective products, and further
comprising causing said processing and control means to operate said
conveyor or said auxiliary conveyor as a function of said coded response
data being respectively within or without a predetermined range.
<br />
<br clear="all" />
26. The improvement claimed in claim 21, further
comprising providing at least one additional thermographic means, and
selectively switching said thermographic means and said at least one
additional thermographic means into and out of operative connection with
said processing and control means. <br />
<br clear="all" />
27. The improvement claimed in claim 21, comprising
connecting said thermographic means to said processing and control means
by an interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
28. The improvement claimed in claim 27, further
comprising connecting said thermographic means to said processing and
control means by an analog/digital converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
29. The improvement claimed in claim 21, comprising
connecting said processing and control means to said transport means by
an interface. <br />
<br clear="all" />
30. The improvement claimed in claim 29, further
comprising connecting said processing and control means to said
transport means by a digital/analog converter. <br />
<br clear="all" />
31. The improvement claimed in claim 21, wherein
said product is a household appliance and said insulation material is
thermal insulation. <br />
<br clear="all" />
32. The improvement claimed in claim 31, wherein said product is a refrigerator. <br />
<div class="disp_doc2">
<div class="disp_elm_title">
Description:</div>
<div class="disp_elm_title">
</div>
<div class="disp_elm_text">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXLm-NJ2Dy0CyG9fiZNGoWR3APZwyafELtiGG5huiPYV4Edu3OGBjUPRaSbawp-vUF3ROqTqPtWsfffjaUAZwinWlkq0SYj-J_FlT8jvrPxvTu0lx1vLWpaVtQ1qt7Vg1ZvT1alwP50adx/s1600/IMGH_05739.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXLm-NJ2Dy0CyG9fiZNGoWR3APZwyafELtiGG5huiPYV4Edu3OGBjUPRaSbawp-vUF3ROqTqPtWsfffjaUAZwinWlkq0SYj-J_FlT8jvrPxvTu0lx1vLWpaVtQ1qt7Vg1ZvT1alwP50adx/s320/IMGH_05739.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION<br />
The invention
relates to a device for inspecting the heat insulation of household
appliances, more particularly refrigerators, such device being capable
of detecting immediately and in a simple manner any deficiencies in the
heat insulation during the manufacture of the appliances. <br />
Nowadays,
the mass production of a household appliance such as a refrigerator
comprises the prefabrication of the body thereof in the form of a metal
cabinet which is of substantially parallelepipedal shape and is open on
its front side, and of a plastic cell of traditional type dimensioned to
fit within such cabinet so as to define therewith an intervening space
adapted to receive heat insulation. <br />
The body, in turn, is
provided with suitable fixtures for the attachment of a closure door on
the front side of the cabinet, such door likewise being of
parallelepipedal shape and comprising an outer metal covering and an
inner door of plastic material, which elements can be fitted together so
as to define an intermediate space adapted to receive heat insulation. <br />
In
practice, each door of the refrigerator is made separately from the
corresponding body and each of these components is then transported
separately by means known per se on a conveyor belt of an assembly line
for carrying out processing steps adapted to produce, one after the
other, the heat insulation of the body and of the door, as well as the
assembling of the body with the door and with other operating components
of the refrigerator. <br />
In particular, this heat insulation is
obtained by means of polyurethane materials which are known per se, and
the liquid components of which are injected separately by traditional
apparatus provided along the conveyor belt involved within the
corresponding intermediate spaces in the body and the door, in which
spaces such components polymerize (so-called foaming operation) and
spread out in such a manner as to occupy all of such intermediate
spaces. <br />
In order to be able to carry out the foaming operations
of the refrigerators satisfactorily, without defects being present in
the heat insulation of such appliances, it is necessary that the
equipment involved be caused to operate under the same operating and
environmental conditions throughout the foaming operation and,
furthermore, that the areas of injection of the bodies and doors of the
respective refrigerators permit the effective penetration of the
polyurethane material into the respective intermediate spaces of the
bodies and doors. <br />
In practice, however, such equipment is subject
to operating and environmental conditions which at times vary during
the foaming of the appliances in question, while the areas of injection
of the polyurethane material themselves can, at times, have structural
defects such as partly to prevent the penetration and proper
distribution of the material throughout the above-described spaces. <br />
Accordingly,
under such conditions, defects may appear in the heat insulation of the
refrigerators, due primarily to the presence of areas which are without
polyurethane material (continuous and non-continuous holes) and areas
in which such material is not completely polymerized (so-called
"exhausted foam"), which defects result in a decrease of the insulating
power of the layer of material and, in certain cases, even in the
formation of heat bridges which significantly impair the functionality
of the product. <br />
At the present time, the presence of any defects
of this type in the heat insulation of refrigerators is detected by the
workers during the manufacture of these appliances by means of a number
of visual and manual inspections in the areas of the appliances
themselves in which such defects are most likely to be located. <br />
While,
on the one hand, this type of inspection makes it possible to single
out practically all appliances that have defects located in areas which
are directly noticeable from the outside, so that it is possible to
discard such defective appliances or to perform operations thereon aimed
at eliminating the defects found, this method is not, on the other
hand, completely reliable in that it does not enable one to accurately
examine the entire structure of the heat insulation and thus to single
out any defective areas which are found in the insulation itself or
which are difficult to locate by the inspections indicated above.<br />
<br />
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION<br />
Therefore,
it would be desirable, and this is the object of the present invention,
to provide for a device for inspecting the heat insulation or
insulation characteristics of household appliances such as
refrigerators, which device can immediately and automatically detect the
possible presence of defects of any kind and size in the insulation
during the production stages of these appliances, thereby obtaining a
thorough check of all the appliances manufactured and making it possible
to eliminate, or possibly repair, defective appliances. <br />
This
inspection device is essentially based on the use of at least one
traditional thermographic apparatus for detecting the images produced by
the heat insulation of the refrigerators as well as comparing the coded
data obtained by such apparatus with other coded data corresponding to
optimal functional conditions of the heat insulation, so that from such
comparison the presence of any defects of the insulation can be detected
immediately. <br />
This technique of detecting thermographic images is
used at present in combination with any preexisting type of heat
insulation and provides for the detection by the thermographic apparatus
of heat radiation passing through the insulation and produced by a
suitable separate heat source. <br />
The thermographic images thus
produced are visible on the screen of a monitor associated with the
apparatus and produce colors of different intensity, depending on the
defective areas and on the areas with different densities of the heat
insulation. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXLm-NJ2Dy0CyG9fiZNGoWR3APZwyafELtiGG5huiPYV4Edu3OGBjUPRaSbawp-vUF3ROqTqPtWsfffjaUAZwinWlkq0SYj-J_FlT8jvrPxvTu0lx1vLWpaVtQ1qt7Vg1ZvT1alwP50adx/s1600/IMGH_05739.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXLm-NJ2Dy0CyG9fiZNGoWR3APZwyafELtiGG5huiPYV4Edu3OGBjUPRaSbawp-vUF3ROqTqPtWsfffjaUAZwinWlkq0SYj-J_FlT8jvrPxvTu0lx1vLWpaVtQ1qt7Vg1ZvT1alwP50adx/s320/IMGH_05739.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><br />
The present inspection system, however, makes it
possible to point out the heat images of the insulation by utilizing the
thermal radiation produced by the insulation during its foaming as a
result of the corresponding chemical reaction, rather than that produced
by a separate heat source as in the past. <br />
These and other
objects are achieved, in accordance with the invention, by means of a
device for inspecting the heat insulation of household appliances, more
particularly refrigerators, which can be used in combination with a
plant for the manufacture of such appliances and including means for the
foaming of the heat insulation of the appliances by use of polyurethane
or similar materials as well as means for the transportation of the
appliances. The device includes at least one thermographic apparatus
associated with any monitor of traditional type in order to detect the
thermographic images of the insulation. <br />
The inspection device
also includes at least one control and processing unit known per se
containing a series of coded reference data corresponding to the correct
production of the heat insulation of each type of household appliance
to be produced. The control and processing unit is connected to the
thermographic apparatus, to the conveyor means and to at least one input
unit known per se for selecting the coded reference data corresponding
to the model of household appliance which is to be produced in order to
input such coded data into the control and processing unit with the
object of comparing it with the coded data supplied by the thermographic
apparatus and corresponding to the thermographic images detected
thereby, in the presence of the exothermic reaction of the material of
the heat insulation during its foaming. The control and processing unit
supplies, as a result of such comparison, coded response data adapted to
control the conveyor means.<br />
<br />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING<br />
Other
aspects of the invention will become more apparent from the ensuing
description given solely by way of non-limiting example, reference being
had to the accompanying drawing which diagrammatically shows the
inspection device of the invention used in combination with a
traditional manufacturing plant for household refrigerators.<br />
<br />
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION<br />
Now,
with reference to the drawing, it shows the present device for
inspecting the heat insulation of household appliances, in the present
example refrigerators, which can be assembled in a manufacturing plant
comprising at least one traditional apparatus <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>1 for the foaming of heat
insulation by means of polyurethane or similar materials, and also
comprising a transport means such as a conveyor belt 2 of known
construction. Conveyor belt 2, in particular, can be driven with a
continuous forward motion by drive mechanisms known per se denoted
diagrammatically by the reference numeral 3, so as to permit the
transportation and assembly of the various elements constituting each
refrigerator, that is to say, the body 4 and the door 5. <br />
Each
body 4 is formed, as in the prior art, of a metal cabinet 6 which is of a
substantially parallelepipedal shape and has dimensions which may vary
from one appliance model to the next, cabinet 6 being open on its front
side and being adapted to contain a plastic cell 7 of traditional type
dimensioned such as to fit perfectly within cabinet 6, in order to
define therewith an intermediate space 8 in which the heat insulation is
foamed. <br />
Each door 5, in turn, is also of parallelepipedal shape
and is formed of an outer metal covering 9 and an inner door 10 of
plastic, the shapes of both being adapted to each other so as to define
an intermediate space 11 into which the heat insulation is foamed. <br />
As
an alternative, the transportion and assembly of the constituent parts
of each refrigerator could also be effected by at least one fully
automated production line, comprising any possible manipulators 12 or
similar apparatus of known construction. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmtOk0_s65inxnZ583HKwvBmbbpG9zUcCLrhhz0KguRFLnJwt7PAwIVjsGB3NjYYyvHEKCDHeEkU8tFGI2TVy3A_Sd9dFKD9ZGEM-PmdqRf9ANKBOJz8y1meXY6pB0gQ2YdKs660MMONy/s1600/IMGH_06722__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmtOk0_s65inxnZ583HKwvBmbbpG9zUcCLrhhz0KguRFLnJwt7PAwIVjsGB3NjYYyvHEKCDHeEkU8tFGI2TVy3A_Sd9dFKD9ZGEM-PmdqRf9ANKBOJz8y1meXY6pB0gQ2YdKs660MMONy/s1600/IMGH_06722__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><br />
The inspection device
incorporating the invention is essentially comprised of at least one
traditional thermographic apparatus 13, such as a pyroelectric
television camera, a pyrometer or similar sensor adapted to detect heat
images of the heat insulation so as directly to evaluate the condition
thereof, utilizing the exothermic reaction of the material of such
insulation during its foaming. <br />
Preferably, the spectral
sensitivity of the television camera or of the sensor in question will
be within the region of infrared radiation, with wavelengths equal to
those of transparency of the plastic materials used for the construction
of the refrigerator bodies and doors, in order to be able to obtain
heat images with good definition of the insulation. Such thermographic
apparatus, in particular, is connected to an electric power supply and
is arranged alongside the heat insulation of the refrigerators located
on the conveyor belt 2. <br />
Furthermore, such apparatus can be
oriented in different positions with respect to the body and door of
each refrigerator so as to be able selectively and accurately to check
all those areas of the heat insulation of these constituent parts which
have the greatest probability of being defective during manufacture. <br />
As
will be apparent from the drawing, the apparatus in question detects
the heat images by being aimed exclusively at the respective parts of
the body and door of plastic or other material with medium or low heat
conductivity in which there is the minimum distribution of heat on the
surface as compared with what takes place in the case of metal surfaces.
<br />
In addition, the present inspection device comprises at least
one control and processing unit 14 made up of a microcomputer, a
personal computer or some other processing apparatus of known
construction, such unit being connected to the thermographic apparatus
13 by at least one interface 15 and an analog/digital converter 16 of
known construction. <br />
In the control and processing unit 14 there<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>
has been previously stored data coded in digital form corresponding to
reference thermal maps of the heat insulation of each model of
refrigerator which is to be manufactured. <br />
In particular, each
thermal map is obtained experimentally on a series of models of
refrigerators and corresponds to a condition under which the heat
insulation of such appliances is produced properly, without the presence
of defective areas and under pre-established operating and
environmental conditions. <br />
Moreover, control and processing unit
14 is possibly connected to at least one monitor 17 of traditional type
for the visual display of the thermographic images of the heat
insulation detected by the thermographic apparatus described earlier,
and it is also connected to at least one input unit 18 made up of a
keyboard or other peripheral equipment of known construction (e.g., bar
code readers). <br />
The purpose of the input unit 18 is to select
coded data corresponding to the reference thermal map relative to the
model of refrigerator (or other household appliance) which is to be
produced, in order to input such coded data into the control and
processing unit 14 so that said such reference thermal map can be
compared therein with the thermal map found on each refrigerator
manufactured by the procedure described hereinafter. <br />
Furthermore,
the input unit 18 makes possible the introduction of further reference
thermal maps in coded form into the control and processing unit 14,
whenever other models of refrigerators (or other household appliances)
are produced. <br />
In this way, as soon as the thermographic apparatus
13 finds or determines a thermographic image of the area to be checked
of the heat insulation of the refrigerator body or door during the
course of production thereof, which image is visible to the operator on
the monitor 17, if provided, thermographic apparatus 13 produces data
coded in analog form which corresponds to such image and which is
converted into digital form by the analog/digital converter 16 an<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXLm-NJ2Dy0CyG9fiZNGoWR3APZwyafELtiGG5huiPYV4Edu3OGBjUPRaSbawp-vUF3ROqTqPtWsfffjaUAZwinWlkq0SYj-J_FlT8jvrPxvTu0lx1vLWpaVtQ1qt7Vg1ZvT1alwP50adx/s1600/IMGH_05739.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXLm-NJ2Dy0CyG9fiZNGoWR3APZwyafELtiGG5huiPYV4Edu3OGBjUPRaSbawp-vUF3ROqTqPtWsfffjaUAZwinWlkq0SYj-J_FlT8jvrPxvTu0lx1vLWpaVtQ1qt7Vg1ZvT1alwP50adx/s320/IMGH_05739.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>d sent
to the control and processing unit 14. This coded data is then compared
in the unit 14 with the coded data corresponding to the relevant
reference thermal map previously stored in unit 14 in order thereby to
be able to verify whether the heat insulation in question has been
produced properly and is without manufacturing defects that could reduce
its insulating power. <br />
In practice, if such comparison shows
minimum differences between the corresponding coded data of the heat
image found or determined and the reference map in question, which
differences are, however, within a preestablished range of tolerance
corresponding to the proper production of the heat insulation, then the
control and processing unit 14 proceeds to process corresponding coded
response data in digital form, which may be converted into analog form
by a digital/analog converter 19 and sent to an interface 20 adapted to
control the drive mechanisms 3 and thereby to cause the conveyor belt 2
to move forward. <br />
Accordingly, under these circumstances, the assembling of the refrigerator which has thus been inspected can be completed. <br />
Conversely,
if the comparison between such coded data shows differences that do not
fall within the specified range of tolerance, the control and
processing unit 14 proceeds to process corresponding response data which
are adapted to control, by the same procedures described earlier,
another drive mechanism 21 which is associated with an auxiliary
conveyor belt 22 so as to enable repair work to be performed on the
defects found, for instance further foaming of the heat insulation or,
if this is not possible, transporting the defective appliances for
scrapping or replacement. <br />
Similarly, if the refrigerator
manufacturing plant consists of mechanical manipulators 12 or other
apparatus for automatic assembly instead of conveyor belts, the control
and processing unit 14 proceeds to control such manipulators under the
same criteria and for the same purposes as described above. Therefore,
the inspection device of the invention makes it possible to find in a
simple, immediate and automatic manner any defect in the heat insulation
of the appliances produced, thereby achieving a complete inspection of
all the appliances and the maximum degree of reliability of the plant
for their manufacture, and furthermore permitting the elimination or
repair of defective appliances. <br />
The present inspection device
can, of course, also be combined with plants for the manufacture of
products other than those described herein, for instance for producing
slabs of acoustic or thermal insulating materials, etc., their essential
characteristics being that they develop an exothermic reaction during
manufacture. <br />
Finally, it should be pointed out th<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Veavf-HrN3R9IZL4qYAXCymwYqnBfa6NUr1YQnUzHhXFzAieyRJOu8y62ph7FAW2NN6Sy5tXYvXWGNUQfEF8iz75e9scJUv7xwcaxuf_hHSDeUrz847-DTYUPJqJ0rDjzUNKfBCA9Qo/s1600/ZAN-THERMOGR-FRIDGE-CHECK__F12M.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a>at the
inspection device of the invention can also be provided with further
thermographic apparatus 13 which can be switched selectively with the
control and processing unit 14 by means known per se (e.g., a
multiplexer or the like) and arranged along different areas of the heat
insulation of one or more appliances during the course of manufacture
thereof. </div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Zanussi</b> was an Italian producer of home appliances
that in 1984 was bought by Electrolux . Zanussi is a leading brand for
domestic kitchen appliances in Europe. Products have been exported from
Italy since 1946.<br />
<br />
The Zanussi Company began
as the small workshop of Antonio Zanussi in 1916. The
enterprising 26-year-old son of a blacksmith in Pordenone in
Northeastern Italy began the business by making home stoves and
wood-burning ovens.<br />
After his father death in 1946 “Lino Zanussi” became the President of the company.<br />
In the early 1970s Zanussi sold a lot in the UK and for some time after under the “<span class="new">Zoppas</span>”
brand, name which had been acquired, making Zanussi the first
largest Italian appliance maker. They also produced washing
machines Hotpoint for Hotpoint at this time which were very
reliable and highly rated by users and engineers.<br />
In the
late 1970s and into the early 1980s the company had a range of
washing machines which used an induction motor with a clutch
pulley system. Again this range proved extremely popular and
very reliable.<br />
During this period Zanussi Professional,
the catering range of appliances for commercial use, became a
separate division in its own right.<br />
In the early 1980s
Zanussi launched the Jetsystem washing machine range to great
acclaim whilst at the same time running the “Appliance Of
Science” advertising campaign which is acknowledged as one of the
most successful marketing campaigns of all time, in fact
still remembered by many today. This gave the brand the
impression of being forward thinking and innovative.<br />
Zanussi
has recently been rebranded as Zanussi-Electrolux in line
with many other Electrolux brand names. Since that time many
Zanussi appliances share common components and parts with the
rest of the Electrolux range, primarily Electrolux, Tricity
Bendix and AEG although it is worth noting that the “John
Lewis” branded machines sold by the John Lewis Partnership in
the UK are effectively rebranded Zanussi appliances.<br />
In
the late 1980s Zanussi launched the split tank design known as
the “Nexus Tub” design which endures to this day with little
change. The tub, base and certain other parts are made from a
plastic material known as “Carboran” which can be re-used
several times if recycled. To this day neither Zanussi or
Electrolux has provided any way to return this material for
recycling purposes.<br />
<br />
Up until the end of the
1980s Zanussi service was run from Slough and was a network of
independent repairers who gave an unparalleled service level.
It is generally acknowledged within the industry that this
service network was the best that there has ever been in the
UK.<br />
In the early 1990s Electrolux instigated
amalgamating all its UK brands under one service entity. This
entity was split, dependent on region, between the Zanussi
service agents and the local Electrolux Service Centre. In
general those in a high population density area where given to
the Electrolux employed centres. Tricity Bendix, Electrolux
and AEG as well as Zanussi were all to be serviced by the one
network.<br />
This was changed in the late 1990s and early
2000s as Electrolux sold or gave away the regional service
centres, generally to the existing management or to area
managers to run as independent businesses.<br />
This service
network was rebranded and became Service Force which still
exists today but is, once again, all operated by independent
service companies who repair and supply spare parts for all of
the brands.................<br />
<br />
<br />
..........................when the president Lino Zanussi died in a plane crash in June 1968 - Zanussi<br />
Industries was the first Italian manufacturer of white goods and employs approximately 13000 employees.<br />
<br />
When
the Zanussi group of Pordenone lives a first phase of financial stress
then Lamberto Mazza, who succeeded Lino Zanussi, decides to liquidate
some social funds with share capital held by Guido Zanussi causing an
outlay of 16 billion lire of that era.<br />
<br />
Despite the Huge
outlay to cope with such a withdrawal, the group aquired, in the course
of 1970, competitor like Zoppas the other big Italian manufacturer of
household appliances, which was,<br />
significantly in debt due of an acquisition of Triplex in Solarolo and a construction of the new plant in Susegana.<br />
<br />
The
Zoppas, whose factories were located in Conegliano Veneto (TV), has a
history quite similar to Zanussi: it is in fact founded by Ferdinand
Zoppas in 1926 as an artisan company repair of wood-burning stoves and
then spread widely and rapidly under the leadership of his sons Augusto
and Gino.<br />
<br />
Zanussi president, Lamberto Mazza, alleged a
plan to achieve an optimal size to compete at the European level if not
the world, strengthening the shares held by Zanussi on the Italian
market to avoid the entry of foreign competitors (in particular the
U.S. Westinghouse).<br />
<br />
The Financial stress imposed on
Zanussi by acquisition of Zoppas and, simultaneously, the increase in
the incidence both of labor costs and reasons of rise up of activity
intensity (In the space of a short pass from 13,000 employees to 24,000
units?) is faced with:<br />
<br />
a. the sale to the German AEG-Telefunken<br />
an amount equal to 25.01% of the Zanussi S.p.A.<br />
(The operational holding company of the group)<br />
<br />
(The share of ownership AEG-Telefunken is subsequently recognized in 1978 by Voet-Alpine.)<br />
<br />
<br />
b. to loans from Italian Istituto Mobiliare<br />
(IMI);<br />
<br />
c.<br />
about a loan of about two hundred million marks<br />
disbursed in 1974 from Dresden Bank.<br />
<br />
The
union conflicts, the impact of labor costs (in 1974 Zanussi occupies
nearly 31,000 employees), the Debt contract with institutions credit and
the first oil shock induce Lamberto Mazza to start a rapid process of
diversification The core of this strategy is, however, the belief that
the market of appliance White has come to its stage of maturity, with a
saturation level and the consequent reduction of typical viability.<br />
<br />
Therefore, in this back of years Zanussi invests substantial financial resources to acquiring control of businesses;<br />
<br />
(The
process of growth of Zanussi, nevertheless sees the creation of new
realities companys as a result of corporate spin-offs. <br />
<br />
Considering, for example,<br />
<br />
Zanussi Grandi Cucine SpA, Zanussi Grandi Impianti<br />
SpA,
Air Zanussi SpA, Zanussi Components for Construction SpA, the
Industrialised Building ZanussiFarsura SpA to subsidiaries Iberian
Zinsa-Zanussi Industrial SA Compania SA and Industrias
Electrodomesticas, <br />
and Lastly Anglo-Saxon Iaz International Ltd., was established in 1979<br />
well as the company insurance and financial intermediation<br />
group, called Infinas S.p.A.) with few exceptions activities not related with the core business.<br />
<br />
In
particular, remembering the concentrations of corporate sectors
relating to paper (Paper Mill Galvani SpA, Cartopiave SpA and
subsidiaries Cartosud and Silica), electronic (Ducati Electrical,
Electronics-Inelco), construction (Seicom-Building for Integrated
Components SpA), metallurgical (Smalteria and Metallurgical Veneta SpA),
hotel (Borsa SpA) of furniture (Galvani Porcelain SpA, Sambuceto SA,
Meson's Spring SpA SpA and its subsidiaries and Pagnucco SpA),
components (Ilpea Gomma SpA), photographic equipment ( Fotomec San Marco
SpA) of entertainment<br />
(Udinese Calcio SpA) and solar photovoltaics.<br />
<br />
(The investments of Zanussi happenned sometimes even in the indirect form<br />
which is made through the CISVE (Industrial Consortium<br />
Economic Development), founded by Lamberto Mazza in quality of<br />
President
of the association of Industrialists of Pordenone, as well, since 1978,
through the Industrial Finance SpA, a company financial system
constituted specifically for that.)<br />
<br />
the Organization
Company is formed in a matrix in which the divisional activities and
are then grouped into the following sections:<br />
<br />
1.apparatus for heating;<br />
2.components for Building;<br />
3.solar panels;<br />
4.apparatus Idronet (for potability of the water);<br />
5.components;<br />
6.apparatus different from electronic television sets.<br />
<br />
But when the financial situation Worsened in 1983, <br />
Zanussi family the shareholder majority, distrusted Lamberto Mazza replacing him<br />
initially with Umberto Cuttica, former manager of FIAT,<br />
then later with Gianfranco Zoppas, husband of Antonia Zanussi and son Lino.<br />
<br />
The
corporate reorganization plan was then prepared by the new management
and was designed to focus the now scarce financial resources in the core
business of group, to continue or to divest a number of activities not
closely related ( Air Zanussi, Zanussi Construction Industrialized,
Zanussi Electronics, Paper Mill Galvani,Pagnucco, Fotomec, New
Cartopiave) , thus preparing the field for the sale of the Entire group
to Electrolux, the Swedish multinational leader in field of white goods.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Stern / REX / Zanussi / Seleco </span>(WAS) is an electronics company based in Pordenone, <span class="mw-redirect">Friuli Venezia Giulia</span>, Italy. It is part of <span class="new">Super//Fluo</span>, who bought the rights in August, 2006, along with Brionvega and Imperial.<br />
<br />
<br />
Sèleco
was born as in 1965 as a spin-off from the home appliances
maker Zanussi. In the first years of his life, Seleco
produced almost black and white televisions with the Zanussi
or Rex brand. The company was being sold in 1984, and was
first acquired by <span class="new">Gian Mario Rossignolo</span>. He first became president and then main stockholder.<br />
During
the 1980s, the company launched worldwide marketing
campaigns and began sponsoring some of the most famous
Italian soccer team, such as <span class="new">Lazio A.S.</span>.<br />
During
the '90s, the company was mainly concentrated on the
production of pay-tv decoders, but in 1993 suffered from a
loss of competitivity. With the intent to reshape its
position and to get gave new life to the company, Gian Mario
Rossignolo bought Brionvega from the Brion family, the
founder. This attempt get to nowhere, so the company was forced
to declare failure in 1997. During the years, Sèleco has
passed through ups and downs, at the end being overcome by
the continuous changes in the electronics world.<br />
After the crack-down, the company and all its interests were bought by the Formenti family. That gave life to the <span class="new">Seleco-Formenti</span> Group, owner of the rights for the brands Sèleco, Rex, Phonola, Imperial, Stern, Phoenix, Televideon, Kerion and Webrik.<br />
The
Formenti family re-launched the company with the
production of CRT-TVs. In 2000, the company suffered of a
strong crisis, following the price dumping made by Turkish
manufacturers. That seems to led to end of the Sèleco and
Brionvega story, as the Sèleco-Formenti Group was forced to
liquidation.<br />
In 2004, the rights for the radio branch were bought by <span class="new">Sim2 Multimedia</span>, and all the television interests (for the brands Sèleco, Brionvega and Imperial) were acquired by <span class="new">Super//Fluo</span> in August 2006.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">THIS INDUSTRY IS TODAY DEAD !!!!</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<u><b>Electrolux AB History:</b></u><br />
<br />
Electrolux AB operates as the largest appliance manufacturer in the world with customers in more than 150 countries. The company manufactures a variety of household appliances including refrigerators, washing machines, dishwashers, ovens, vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers, and chain saws. The firm also manufactures professional foodservice and laundry equipment used by hotels, restaurants, and laundromats. Electrolux's brand arsenal includes its namesake, along with Eureka, AEG, Frigidaire, Kelvinator, Zanussi, Flymo, Weed Eater, and Husqvarna. In 2001, the firm held the leading market position in North America, Europe, Latin America, and Australia. Electrolux completed a major restructuring effort in 1999, which left it positioned with two main business segments: Consumer Durables and Professional Products. In 2000, the company purchased the rights to market the Electrolux brand in the United States--the company had sold the brand along with its U.S. floor-care business in 1969.<br />
<br />
<b>Key Dates:</b><br />
<br />
1919:<br />
Lux and Elektromekaniska merge to form Aktiebolaget Elektrolux. <br />
1921:<br />
The Lux V vacuum cleaner is introduced. <br />
1925:<br />
The company acquires Arctic, an absorption refrigerator manufacturer. <br />
1956:<br />
Axel Wenner-Gren sells his stake in the firm to Wallenberg, a Swedish finance group. <br />
1957:<br />
The company changes the spelling of its name to Electrolux. <br />
1962:<br />
ElektroHelios, a Scandinavian market leader in compressor refrigerators and freezers, is acquired. <br />
1967:<br />
Hans Werthén is named president. <br />
1974:<br />
Electrolux purchases United States-based Eureka. <br />
1984:<br />
Zanussi, an Italian household appliance manufacturer, is acquired. <br />
1997:<br />
Michael Treschow is named president and CEO; a major restructuring effort is launched. <br />
2000:<br />
The company buys the rights to the Electrolux brand in North America. <br />
2002:<br />
Treschow leaves to head up Ericsson; Hans Straberg is named his successor. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<u><i>Beginnings in Vacuum Cleaners</i></u><br />
<br />
The Electrolux empire originated with the perspicacity and marketing flair of Axel Wenner-Gren, who spotted the potential of the mobile vacuum cleaner only a few years after its invention by Englishman H.C. Booth in 1901. In 1910 the young Wenner-Gren bought a part share in the European agent of a U.S. company producing one of the early vacuum cleaners, the clumsy Santo Staubsauger. After a couple of years as a Santo salesman for the German-based agent, Wenner-Gren sold his share of the company and returned to Sweden, where the building blocks for the future Electrolux, Lux and Elektromekaniska AB, were already in place.<br />
<br />
Sven Carlstedt had formed Elektromekaniska in 1910 to manufacture motors for a vacuum cleaner based on the Santo, which was produced by Swedish engineer Eberhardt Seger. Since its founding in 1901, Lux had manufactured kerosene lamps. Now confronted with a shrinking market owing to the introduction of electric lighting, Lux head, C.G. Lindblom, proposed to Sven Carlstedt that the two companies form a joint venture for the production and marketing of a new vacuum cleaner.<br />
<br />
In 1912 Wenner-Gren became the agent for the Lux 1 vacuum cleaner in Germany, subsequently taking on the United Kingdom and France. Over the next few years Wenner-Gren's role in the company grew, and the machine gradually became lighter and more ergonomic. Wenner-Gren foresaw a potential sales bonanza in Europe after the end of World War I. Initially unable to persuade his colleagues to step up production capacity, he overcame their reluctance by guaranteeing a minimum sales figure through his own sales company, Svenska Elektron (later known as Finans AB Svetro).<br />
<br />
Lux and Elektromekaniska merged in 1919 as Aktiebolaget Elektrolux (the spelling was changed to Electrolux in 1957). Wenner-Gren became president and a major shareholder of the new company. In 1921 the Lux V was introduced. This new model resembled a modern cylindrical vacuum cleaner, but it glided along the floor on ski-like runners instead of wheels. The Lux V was to present serious competition to the upright Hoover machines in the 1920s.<br />
<br />
The convenience and attractive styling of its product helped to get the new company off to a promising start, but the salesmanship of Electrolux's president probably played an even bigger part. Wenner-Gren was a great believer in the door-to-door sales techniques already espoused by competitors such as Hoover in the United States. Vacuum cleaners were demonstrated to potential customers in their own homes, and buyers were allowed to pay for their machines in installments. Wenner-Gren knew how to get the best out of his sales force.<br />
<br />
To today's sales managers, sales training, competitions, and slogans like "Every home an Electrolux home" are familiar methods of boosting sales, but when Wenner-Gren introduced them they were revolutionary. He also believed in leading from the front. The story of how he sold a vacuum cleaner to the Vatican is part of company mythology. Four competitors demonstrated their machines first, each vacuuming their allocated area of carpet. When Wenner-Gren's turn came, instead of vacuuming the fifth area, he went over the first four again. The resultant bagful of dust persuaded the pope to add his palace to the growing number of Electrolux homes. Advertising, too, was imaginative. Not only did Electrolux make extensive use of the press, but in the late 1920s, citizens of Stockholm, Berlin, and London were liable to encounter bizarre vacuum cleaner-shaped cars in the streets.<br />
<br />
Bizarre or not, the sales methods worked, and the company grew. Throughout the 1920s, new sales companies sprang up, not only all over Europe but also in the United States in 1924, Australia in 1925, and South America. Many of these were financed by Wenner-Gren himself rather than by Electrolux in Sweden. Vacuum cleaner manufacturing plants also started to open overseas, first in Berlin in 1926 and a year later in Luton, England, and Courbevoie, France.<br />
<br />
By 1928 Electrolux had sales of SKr 70 million. It had five manufacturing plants, 350 worldwide offices, and 20 subsidiaries. In spite of this geographic expansion, the company was often short of funds, in part because of the system of payment by installments. It became clear that further growth would require increased capital, and it was decided to float the company on the London Stock Exchange and to issue more shares. Prior to flotation in 1928, Electrolux bought out many of the related companies owned by Wenner-Gren, though he retained his minority shareholding in the American Electrolux Corporation until 1949.<br />
<br />
Flotation on the Stockholm stock exchange was postponed until 1930 owing to the stock market crash. When the shares did appear they were greeted with some mistrust, as it was thought that the company was overvalued and that sales would suffer during the anticipated recession. These doubts, however, were to prove unfounded.<br />
<br />
<u><i>Diversifying into Refrigerators in the Mid-1920s</i></u><br />
<br />
During the 1920s Electrolux introduced a number of new products, including floor-polishers, a natural progression from vacuum cleaners, which were brought out in 1927. The main diversification of the 1920s, however, came through the acquisition in 1925 of Arctic, a company manufacturing a novel machine, the absorption refrigerator. This type of refrigerator has no moving parts, though early models required connection to a source of running water. Power can be provided by electricity, gas, or kerosene as opposed to the compression method of refrigeration, which relies on electric power. Early compressors were noisy and bulky, so the new Electrolux system had several advantages over its competitors' compression refrigerators.<br />
<br />
A new air-cooled version of Electrolux's absorption refrigerators was introduced in 1931, and by 1936 more than one million had been sold. Demand for the machines grew as restrictions were placed on the use of food preservatives by legislation such as the United Kingdom Food Preservative Act of 1927. In the United States, Servel Inc. had acquired a license to manufacture Electrolux's refrigerators.<br />
<br />
Electrolux's original vacuum cleaner factory on Lilla Essingen was devastated by fire in 1936. When it was rebuilt the following year, the opportunity was taken to fit it with the latest equipment and to install a central research laboratory.<br />
<br />
In 1926 Wenner-Gren became chairman of the board, with Ernst Aurell taking over as president. During the 1930s Wenner-Gren remained chairman but reduced his involvement in the running of the company, prior to resigning from his post in 1939. Harry G. Faulkner, a British accountant who had been instrumental in the company's consolidation prior to the 1928 flotation, succeeded Aurell in 1930 and remained president throughout the 1930s.<br />
<br />
With intensive marketing and continued investment in research and development, Electrolux rode out the Great Depression. By 1939 annual sales stood at SKr 80 million. In 1939 Gustaf Sahlin, former president of the United States Electrolux Corporation, took over the presidency of the parent company from Faulkner. Throughout World War II, despite the loss of some manufacturing plants, Electrolux managed to maintain many of its usual activities, opening operations in Australia, Venezuela, and Colombia. At home in Sweden, it acquired companies in the fields of commercial laundry equipment and outboard motors. Much energy, however, was diverted into the war effort, including the manufacture of munitions and of air cleaners for the Swedish forces.<br />
<br />
After the war Electrolux resumed its normal operations, initially under Elon V. Ekman, who became president in 1951, and from 1963 to 1967 under his successor Harry Wennberg. The period was not without setbacks, however. Many subsidiaries that had been opened in Eastern European countries before the war disappeared from view behind the Iron Curtain. In addition, despite a British government contract to supply 50,000 built-in absorption refrigerators for prefabricated temporary houses, the company began to face problems in the refrigerator market. Compression technology had advanced and was proving more effective for the larger refrigerators that consumers were now demanding. Although at first the company concentrated on improving the design of the absorption refrigerator, Electrolux eventually was obliged to adopt compression technology.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, diversification continued. During the 1950s Electrolux started making household washing machines and dishwashers, and floor-cleaning equipment production was extended to an increasing number of countries, including Brazil and Norway. When, in 1956, Axel Wenner-Gren sold his remaining shares in Electrolux to Wallenberg, a Swedish finance group, annual turnover exceeded SKr 500 million. The association with Wallenberg has often stood Electrolux in good stead, helping, for example, to arrange overseas funding and to insulate the group from any hostile takeover bids.<br />
<br />
In 1962, in an attempt to solve its refrigerator problems, Electrolux bought the Swedish firm of ElektroHelios. This firm, founded in 1919, had a major share of the Scandinavian market in compressor refrigerators and freezers, as well as making stoves. In the year following the acquisition, Electrolux launched a wide range of food-storage equipment, putting it in a strong position to benefit from the demands generated by the flourishing frozen food industry.<br />
<br />
<u><i>Major Acquisitions: Late 1960s-80s</i></u><br />
<br />
Until the 1960s Electrolux had continued to operate along the lines conceived by Wenner-Gren in the early years. A new phase began in 1967, when Hans Werthén was recruited from Ericsson, another member of the Wallenberg group of companies. Werthén remained with Electrolux for more than 25 years, first as president, and from 1975 to 1991 as chairman, with Gösta Bystedt and then Anders Scharp succeeding him as president. Under this regime, a series of momentous acquisitions was to allow Electrolux to multiply its turnover by a factor of 60 in 20 years.<br />
<br />
When Werthén took over management of the Electrolux group the company was in the doldrums; it had run into internal and external problems, and its technology was outmoded. Electrolux, an international company, had not been effectively integrated with its acquisition ElektroHelios, which still focused on the Scandinavian market. In many ways the merged companies had continued to behave as if they were still competitors, resulting in a net loss of market share in the refrigerator market. Only the vacuum cleaners were profitable: to use Werthén's own words, "they represented 125 percent of the profits."<br />
<br />
Approaching the problem from a new perspective, Werthén managed to resolve the Electrolux-ElektroHelios conflict and get rid of the organizational overlap. His new head of production, Anders Scharp, set about updating production technology to challenge the much more advanced techniques he had seen in U.S. appliance factories. Werthén believed that Electrolux's problems could not be overcome simply by operational improvements. The company had a more fundamental problem: size.<br />
<br />
As Werthén saw it, Electrolux was neither small enough to be a niche player, nor large enough to gain the economies of scale it needed to compete with such giants as Philips and AEG. Growth was the only way forward, and in the overcrowded market place for household goods, growth meant acquisitions.<br />
<br />
The initial focus was on Scandinavia. One small competitor after another, many of them struggling for survival, was bought up by the growing company. The Norwegian stove manufacturer Elektra, the Danish white goods company Atlas, and the Finnish stove maker Slev were among the first acquisitions of the late 1960s. Soon Electrolux was shopping for competitors outside Scandinavia. The 1974 acquisition of Eureka, one of the longest established vacuum cleaner companies in the United States, gave Electrolux a large slice of a valuable market overnight.<br />
<br />
At around this time there were glimmerings of hope for the reemergence of the absorption refrigerator. The quiet-running units were ideally suited to installation in smaller living spaces, such as mobile homes and hotel rooms. Electrolux managers soon sensed these new opportunities. After taking over competitors Kreft (of Luxembourg) and Siegas (of Germany) in 1972, the group became world leader in this sector.<br />
<br />
In addition to expanding its share of the company's existing markets, Electrolux soon started to see acquisitions as a way of entering new areas, particularly those related to existing product lines. Electrolux acquired the British lawn mower manufacturer Flymo in 1968 because Werthén saw lawn mowing as an activity allied to floor cleaning. The provision of cleaning services seemed a logical extension to the production of cleaning equipment, prompting the purchase of a half share in the Swedish cleaning company ASAB.<br />
<br />
Buying up the venerable Swedish firm of Husqvarna in 1978 gave Electrolux not only a new pool of expertise in commercial refrigeration, but also a flourishing chainsaw-manufacturing concern, which complemented its interests in outdoor equipment. Taking over a clutch of other chainsaw manufacturers over the following decade--including the U.S. firm Poulan/Weed Eater in 1986--enabled Electrolux to claim leadership of the worldwide chainsaw market. The outdoor products sector was further strengthened and broadened through the acquisitions of American Yard Products in 1988 and of Allegretti & Co., a U.S. maker of battery-driven garden tools, in 1990.<br />
<br />
This program of acquisitions brought some more radical departures from existing product lines. In 1973 Electrolux bought Facit, a Swedish office equipment company. The deal also brought to Electrolux the production of Ballingslöv kitchen and bathroom cabinets. Initial doubts about whether Electrolux had the know-how to manage a high-tech company proved unfounded.<br />
<br />
The purchase of Swedish metal producer Gränges was greeted with equal skepticism, since again the connection between the new and existing businesses appeared to be rather tenuous. Gränges was seen as a troubled company, but when Electrolux bought it in 1980, Werthén had already been chairman of its board for three years and had overseen a marked upturn in its fortunes. Gränges became part of Electrolux in 1980, and by the late 1980s Gränges' aluminum products and car seat belts represented a major aspect of Electrolux's business, although other parts of Gränges were sold off.<br />
<br />
Under the presidency of Anders Scharp, which began in 1981, Electrolux's program of acquisitions began to focus on the consolidation and expansion of existing lines. Takeovers became increasingly ambitious as Electrolux saw within its reach the chance to become one of the world leaders in household appliances. Major steps toward this goal were the acquisitions of Zanussi in Italy, White Consolidated in the United States (the third largest white goods company in that country), and the white goods and catering equipment divisions of the United Kingdom's Thorn EMI, in 1984, 1986, and 1987, respectively.<br />
<br />
Through the years, Electrolux gained a reputation for buying only when the price was right and for turning around sick companies, even at the cost of heavy staff cuts and management shake-ups. As the Wall Street Journal pointed out in 1986 in a piece about the acquisition of White Consolidated, the group balance sheet looked unhealthy immediately after some of the larger acquisitions, showing an equity-asset ratio as low as 21 percent.<br />
<br />
Electrolux bounced back confidently, making divestments as well as acquisitions. One of Werthén's earliest acts as president had been the 1968 sale of AB Electrolux's minority shareholding in the United States Electrolux Corporation to Consolidated Foods, which raised SKr 300 million, although the subsequent Eureka purchase had placed the company in the curious position of competing against its own brand name. Management continued this policy of judicious divestment following acquisitions, when it was considered that all or part of the new member did not fit in with the group's strategy. Facit, for instance, was sold to Ericsson in 1983, and shortly after the purchase of White Consolidated, its machine-tool division, White Machine Tools, was sold off.<br />
<br />
Another method of raising cash was through the sale of assets, although Electrolux acquisitions were not primarily motivated by a desire to strip assets. In the case of Husqvarna, the purchase price of SKr 120 million was more than covered within six months by the sale of its land and other property. A third way of recovering the costs of acquisition was the use of a troubled company's accumulated losses wherever possible to reduce the group's tax liability. This was a major incentive in the acquisition of Gränges.<br />
<br />
Not every company was delighted to hear Electrolux knocking on its door. Many a takeover was resisted by the target company, although Electrolux was also sometimes called in to rescue a troubled company (as happened with Zanussi) or asked to act as a white knight (notably for the U.S. household appliance company Tappan in 1979).<br />
<br />
<u><i>Geographic Expansion and Restructurings in the 1990s</i></u><br />
<br />
The 1990s brought major changes to Electrolux, spearheaded by a new management team. Werthén resigned as chairman in early 1991, Scharp became chairman and CEO, and Leif Johansson was named president of the firm, taking over as CEO himself in 1994. During Werthén's long reign, Electrolux had grown tremendously through acquisitions but had failed to effectively consolidate the acquired operations into existing ones. The result was an unwieldy array of brands, each of which needing the support of separate production and marketing operations. Electrolux was further hurt in the early 1990s by an economic downturn in its core European and North American operations and by the maturing of the white goods sectors in those same markets, which intensified competition. All told, profits for Electrolux from 1990 through 1994 were much lower than the heights reached during the late 1980s. The new management team responded by seeking out new markets for its core products, by gradually divesting its noncore industrial products operations, and by streamlining its remaining business units.<br />
<br />
Electrolux targeted Eastern Europe, Asia, South America, the Middle East, and southern Africa in its 1990s push for global growth. The company had already, in 1989, arranged for Sharp Corporation to distribute some of Electrolux's products in Japan. Subsequent moves in Asia included the setting up of joint ventures in China for the manufacture of compressors, vacuum cleaners, and water purifiers, and the acquisition of majority stakes in refrigerator and washing machine factories in India. In January 1996 another Chinese joint venture was established for the production of refrigerators and freezers for commercial users. The newly opened markets of Eastern Europe were first targeted with the 1991 purchase of the Hungarian white goods company Lehel. A 1995 joint venture with Poland's Myszkow FNE Swiatowit began making washing machines under the Zanussi brand. In Latin America, where Whirlpool was dominant, Electrolux acquired 99 percent of Refrigeraçao Paraná S.A. (Refripar) in 1996. Refripar (soon renamed Electrolux do Brazil) held the number two position among Brazilian white goods companies. Also in 1996, Electrolux purchased a 20 percent stake in Atlas Eléctrica S.A. of Costa Rica, the leading producer of refrigerators and stoves in Central America. By 1994, about 10 percent of Electrolux's sales came from outside the European Union and North America. This figure more than doubled by 1996 to 20.4 percent, with non-EU Europe accounting for 7 percent, Latin America for 6.4 percent, Asia for 5.1 percent, Oceania for 1 percent, and Africa for 0.9 percent.<br />
<br />
While undergoing this global expansion, Electrolux also moved gradually to concentrate solely on three core sectors: household appliances, commercial appliances, and outdoor products. Profits in the company's industrial products sector were falling and Scharp and Johansson determined that these noncore operations should be jettisoned. The culmination of this process came in 1996 and 1997, with the divestment of the Constructor group, producers of materials-handling equipment; the sale of the Swedish electronics operations of Electrolux Electronics, and a sewing machines unit; and the spinoff of Gränges to the public. The final divestment came in August 1997 when Electrolux's goods protection operation, which sold tarpaulins and storage halls, was sold to MVI, a privately owned investment fund.<br />
<br />
Electrolux greatly reduced its acquisitions activity in the European Union and North America in the 1990s, although there was one major addition. In 1992 the company bought a 10 percent stake in AEG Hausgeräte, the household appliance division of Germany's Daimler-Benz. This stake was increased to 20 percent in 1993 and the following year Electrolux purchased the remaining 80 percent for about US$437 million. The purchase brought the company another strong European brand, which fit well into a renewed brand strategy for Electrolux. The company sought to position the Electrolux brand as a global brand and Electrolux, Zanussi, and AEG as pan-European brands, while continuing to maintain strong local brands such as Faure in France and Tricity Bendix in the United Kingdom.<br />
<br />
Along with the new brand strategy, Electrolux began in 1996 to reduce its fragmented operations and become more efficient. A pan-European logistics function was set up for white goods and floor-care products. In late 1996 the company's North American white goods operation, Frigidaire Company, was combined with the two North American outdoor products companies, Poulan/Weed Eater and American Yard Products, to form Frigidaire Home Products. Merging these operations made strategic sense since the trend in retailing was toward single retailers selling both indoor and outdoor appliances. Similar consolidations were planned for Electrolux's operations elsewhere in the world.<br />
<br />
In April 1997 Johansson left Electrolux to become the chief executive at Volvo AB. Replacing him as Electrolux president and CEO was Michael Treschow, who had been president and CEO at Atlas Copco AB, a maker of industrial equipment and, like Electrolux, part of the Wallenberg dynasty. It was left to Treschow to announce, in June 1997, a major restructuring plan, which had already been agreed upon before he took over. Over a two-year period, Electrolux would lay off more than 11,000 of its workers (11 percent of its workforce) and close 23 plants and 50 warehouses (half of its global total), with the reductions coming mainly in Europe and North America. A charge of SKr 2.5 billion (US$323 million) was incurred as the result of the restructuring in the second quarter of 1997.<br />
<br />
Under the leadership of Treschow, Electrolux further streamlined its operations in 1998, divesting its recycling business, its kitchen and bathroom cabinets interests, and various professional cleaning and heavy-duty laundry equipment units. The following year, the firm sold off its food and beverage vending machine businesses and its professional refrigeration equipment business. That year, Electrolux nixed a large portion of its direct sales force.<br />
<br />
The company completed its restructuring efforts in 1999 and began to focus on maintaining its leadership position in the future. Treschow was confident that the firm's efforts would pay off, claiming in a 1999 Appliance Manufacturer article that the company was "ideally placed to meet the challenges of the new millennium." To back up that claim, the company began to develop new products that utilized cutting edge technology. In 1999, it teamed up with Ericsson to develop and market products for the "networked home." Managed under the joint venture, e2Home, these products would be connected via the Web to a variety of information and service providers. Another product line, the Live-In Kitchen, connected appliances to mobile phones, which among other features, allowed the owner to preheat their oven from their cell phone. As part of its foray into new technology, Electrolux also developed the Trilobite vacuum cleaner, a robotic product that used sensors to vacuum a room, and a Smart Fridge, a top-of-the-line refrigerator complete with built-in computer screen and Internet access.<br />
<br />
<u><i>Focusing on Brand Alignment in the New Millennium</i></u><br />
<br />
By 2000, both sales and net income had increased steadily over the past three years. Sales had grown from SKr 113 billion to SKr 124.4 billion. Net income also had recovered, skyrocketing from SKr 352 million recorded in 1997, to SKr 4.4 billion secured in 2000. During that year, the company repurchased its rights to the Electrolux brand in North America, which it had sold in 1969 upon divesting its U.S. floor-care company. The purchase was part of its plan to align its brand names, especially in North America.<br />
<br />
The company's operating environment became turbulent in 2001. Weakening demand and high costs related to upgrades at its refrigerator factories in North America forced the firm's operating income to fall by nearly 23 percent over the previous year. Despite these challenges, the company made two key acquisitions, including Email Ltd., Australia's largest household appliance manufacturer, and Italy-based Marazzini, a lawn mower manufacturer.<br />
<br />
In April 2002, Hans Straberg took over as president and CEO as Treschow left the firm to head up Ericsson. Under new leadership, Electrolux shifted its focus from cost cutting to brand realignment. At the time, the company managed more than 50 different brands. The Economist reported in April 2002 that the company realized that "rationalizing the brands can be dangerous if done too quickly--so the rebranding will be more evolution than revolution. The Electrolux name will become the master brand, but the company will keep strong local brands, such as the Flymo lawnmower in Britain."<br />
<br />
Facing strong competition and uncertain economic times, Straberg most definitely had his work cut out for him. Although the repositioning of the Electrolux brand name would no doubt face challenges, the company appeared to be well on its way to maintaining its leadership position in the appliance industry in the years to come.<br />
<br />
Principal Subsidiaries: Electrolux Home Products Pty. Ltd. (Australia); Electrolux Hausgerate GmbH (Austria); Electrolux Home Products Corp. N.V. (Belgium); Electrolux do Brasil S.A. (99.9%); Electrolux Canada Corp.; Electrolux Home Appliances Co. Ltd. (China); Electrolux Holding A/S (Denmark); Oy Electrolux Ab (Finland); Electrolux France S.A.; Electrolux Deutschland GmbH (Germany); Electrolux Kelvinator Ltd. (India; 76%); Electrolux Zanussi S.p.A. (Italy); Electrolux de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.; Electrolux Associated Company B.V. (The Netherlands); Electrolux Norge AS (Norway); Electrolux Espana S.A. (Spain); Husqvarna AB; Electrolux Professional AB; Electrolux Holding AG (Switzerland); Electrolux UK Ltd.; Electrolux Home Products Inc. (U.S.A.); Electrolux North American Inc. (U.S.A.).<br />
<br />
Principal Competitors: BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH; GE Consumer Products; Whirlpool Corporation. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<u>Further Reading:</u><br />
<br />
"Brand Challenge; Electrolux," Economist (U.S.), April 6, 2002.<br />
Brown-Humes, Christopher, "Electrolux to Plug into Households in Opening Markets," Financial Times, April 27, 1995, p. 25.<br />
Burt, Tim, "Electrolux Set to Pull Out of Industrial Goods," Financial Times, October 30, 1996, p. 28.<br />
Calian, Sara, "Electrolux to Cut Force by 11%, Mainly in North America, Europe," Wall Street Journal, June 13, 1997, p. A15.<br />
Canedy, Dana, "Electrolux to Cut 12,000 Workers and Shut Plants," New York Times, June 13, 1997, p. D2.<br />
"Can 'Mike the Knife' Give Electrolux a Net-Age Edge?," Business Week, September 13, 2000.<br />
"Electrolux Expects to Be No. 1 Appliance Maker," Appliance Manufacturer, February 1994, p. 20.<br />
"Electrolux News," Appliance, December 1999, p. 18.<br />
"Electrolux News," Appliance, May 2002, p. 15.<br />
"Electrolux Plots a New Strategy," Housewares, January 1, 1990, p. 78.<br />
"Electrolux Sweeps into America," Business Week, September 23, 2002.<br />
Electrolux: Two Epochs That Shaped a Worldwide Group, Stockholm: Electrolux, 1989.<br />
Gordon, Bob, Early Electrical Appliances, Princes Risborough, United Kingdom: Shire Publications Ltd., 1984.<br />
Holding, Robert L., "Globalization: The Second Decade," Appliance Manufacturer, May 1999, p. 34.<br />
Jancsurak, Joe, "Big Plans for Europe's Big Three," Appliance Manufacturer, April 1995, pp. 26-30.<br />
Kapstein, Jonathan, and Zachary Schiller, "The Fast-Spinning Machine That Blew a Gasket," Business Week, September 10, 1990, pp. 50, 52.<br />
Lorenz, Christopher, "The Birth of a 'Transnational,'" Financial Times, June 19, 1989.<br />
McGrath, Neal, "New Broom Sweeps into Asia," Asian Business, March 1996, p. 22.<br />
McIvor, Greg, "Electrolux Comes Under the Scalpel," Financial Times, October 29, 1997, p. 19.<br />
Moss, Nicholas, and Hale Richards, "Mike the Knife Cuts Deep," European, June 19, 1997, p. 17.<br />
Racanelli, Vito, "Autumn Fall for Electrolux," Barron's, July 29, 2002.<br />
"The Real Head of the Household," Director, November 1996, p. 17.<br />
Reed, Stanley, "The Wallenbergs' New Blood," Business Week, October 20, 1997, pp. 98, 102.<br />
Sparke, Penny, Electrical Appliances: Twentieth-Century Design, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987.<br />
"The Stars of Europe--Survivors," Business Week, June 11, 2001.<br />
"Sweden's Electrolux Plans for Expansion into Southeast Asia," Wall Street Journal, January 4, 1995, p. B7.<br />
Tully, Shawn, "Electrolux Wants a Clean Sweep," Fortune, August 18, 1986, p. 60.<br />
Zweig, Jason, "Cleaning Up," Forbes, December 11, 1989, p. 302.<br />
<br />
Source: International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 53. St. James Press, 2003.<br />
<br />
FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6388300868815745314.post-894365038285093532012-08-10T14:40:00.000-07:002013-12-25T11:42:04.417-08:00THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF FREON 12 REFRIGERANT (R-12).<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<br />
As first my POST here at Under the Ice (http://freon12museum.blogspot.com/):<br />
<br />
<br />
<u><b><span style="font-size: large;">Thermodynamic Properties of Freon® 12 Refrigerant (R-12) </span></b></u></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<u><br /></u></div>
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<u><b><span style="font-size: large;">SI Units.</span></b></u></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Dichlorodifluoromethane is an inert gas that has a long history acting as a
refrigerant, allowing us to stay cool in the summer, and as a spray propellant
for important consumer substances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Dichlorodifluoromethane owes many of its desirable properties to its C-F
bonds and synthesis involves <span class="SpellE">organofluorine</span>
chemistry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">Synonyms</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">:</span></b>
<i style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">dichlorodifluoromethane; <span class="SpellE">algofrene</span> type 2; <span class="SpellE">arcton</span> 12; <span class="SpellE">arton</span> 6; carbon
dichloride <span class="SpellE">difluoride</span>; CF 12; CF 12(halocarbon) CFC
12; CFC-12; <span class="SpellE">chladone</span> 12; dichlorodifluoromethane (CCL2F2);
<span class="SpellE">dichlorodifluoromtheane</span> (DOT French);
dichlorodifluoromethane (DOT); <span class="SpellE">diclorodifluorometano</span>
(DOT Spanish); <span class="SpellE">difluorodichloromethane</span>; <span class="SpellE">dymel</span> 12; electro-CF 12; <span class="SpellE">eskimon</span>
12; F 12; F 12 (halocarbon); F-12; FC 12; FCC 12; FWK 12; fluorocarbon 12; <span class="SpellE">forane</span> 12; <span class="SpellE">freon</span> 12; <span class="SpellE">freon</span> F-12; <span class="SpellE">freon</span> ® 12; <span class="SpellE">frigen</span> 12; <span class="SpellE">frigen</span> R12; <span class="SpellE">fron</span> 12; gas <span class="SpellE">refrigerante</span> R-12
(DOT Spanish); <span class="SpellE">gaz</span> refrigerant R-12 (DOT French); <span class="SpellE">genetron</span> 12; <span class="SpellE">genetron</span> ® 12; <span class="SpellE">halon</span> 122; <span class="SpellE">halon</span> ® 122; HC 12; <span class="SpellE">isceon</span> 122; <span class="SpellE">isotron</span> 12; <span class="SpellE">khladon</span> 12; <span class="SpellE">ledon</span> 12; methane, <span class="SpellE">dichlorodifluoro</span>-; propellant 12; R 12; R 12 (refrigerant);
refrigerant 12; refrigerant gas R-12; refrigerant R 12; SDD 100; and <span class="SpellE">ucon</span> 12.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">Regulatory Name:</span></b> CFC-12,
Dichlorodifluoromethane </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">Formula:</span></b> CC12F2 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">DOT Label:</span></b> Non-flammable Gas </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">CAS:</span></b> 75-71-8 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">STCC:</span></b> 4904516, 4904561 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">CHRIS:</span></b> DCF </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">UN Number:</span></b> 1028 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">Structure:</span> </b>(Black = Carbon, Yellow
= Fluorine, Green = Chlorine) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">Physical Properties:</span></b><span style="color: navy;"> </span>Colorless gas with a characteristic ether-like odor
at >20% by volume.</div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">MW:</span></b> 120.914 g/mol<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">BP:</span></b>
-29.8°C<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">VP:</span></b>
5.7 <span class="SpellE">atm</span><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: navy;">MP:</span></b>
-158°C<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><b>Tables of the thermodynamic properties of R-12</b></u> have been developed and are presented here. <br />This information is based on values calculated using the NIST REFPROP Database (McLinden, M.O., Klein,<br />S.A., Lemmon, E.W., and Peskin,A.P., NIST Standard Reference Database 23, NIST thermodynamic<br />and transport properties of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures – REFPROP version 6.01,<br />Standard Reference Data Program, National Institute of Standards and<br />Technology, 1998). </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Units<br />P = Pressure in kPa. Absolute<br />T = Temperature in Celcius<br />Vf = Fluid (liquid) specific volume in cubic meters per kilogram<br />Vg = Vapour (gas) specific volume in cubic meters per kilogram<br />df and dg = Fluid and Vapour (respectively) densities in kilograms per cubic meter </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">H = Enthalpy (kJ/kg)<br />S = Entropy (kJ/kg.K)<br />Physical Properties Chemical Formula CCl2F2 <br />Molecular mass 120.91<br />Boiling Point -29.75°C At one atmosphere<br />Critical Temperature 111.97°C <br />Critical Pressure 4136 kPa<br />Critical Density 565.0 kg/m3<br />Critical Volume 0.0018 m3/kg</span><b><br /></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt7_6L1NeXIr0aFGgO2_Fv6UGRhjnRf4TipOwIz0OWG2T62Tm0QqSdGyDhyphenhyphenk974IGiYjdgD_5Y-vCtYmYme5Yy5DCJmpkhIj1V9H78qW338na6eMdP5xFNB0ekhg4aaeGN3MgcRtAlUm3a/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-001.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt7_6L1NeXIr0aFGgO2_Fv6UGRhjnRf4TipOwIz0OWG2T62Tm0QqSdGyDhyphenhyphenk974IGiYjdgD_5Y-vCtYmYme5Yy5DCJmpkhIj1V9H78qW338na6eMdP5xFNB0ekhg4aaeGN3MgcRtAlUm3a/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-001.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihe_lTScnXLu1x0aEqQ0LzyoV-w1CJ_0xegvBkK18W-3Gp-KrS3fXH9ex4DdBtS7o0s1aZCVmnTzgfPt6-b7kXB5wQDgG816jW5JqA4huGZiTUbhTRd5YxXIyOotsApX7SRK_1037IDiL0/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-002.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihe_lTScnXLu1x0aEqQ0LzyoV-w1CJ_0xegvBkK18W-3Gp-KrS3fXH9ex4DdBtS7o0s1aZCVmnTzgfPt6-b7kXB5wQDgG816jW5JqA4huGZiTUbhTRd5YxXIyOotsApX7SRK_1037IDiL0/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-002.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_4sPzynlU5fAcXs23BdNz4oeVMiItEbEsCzc49zqvzPjZg44GUvEHfAF_Qg6feFYYCZkFVuJPutLDRdAz-6nFylqf3sOMUwKQwyCbSLagkuWmrzIB9-NV4Hj7juub36yR3YnvR5Kq8wUq/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-003.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_4sPzynlU5fAcXs23BdNz4oeVMiItEbEsCzc49zqvzPjZg44GUvEHfAF_Qg6feFYYCZkFVuJPutLDRdAz-6nFylqf3sOMUwKQwyCbSLagkuWmrzIB9-NV4Hj7juub36yR3YnvR5Kq8wUq/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-003.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWifnyj0VBs_cRW1uOajgDVVfTFMLHCK1XYfVgqnTti6eO6WZeCuRqfG_ABgKPVtIA-jDTWnuul_f5nTksod1NgcUuoJolt5mi9aPdBpah1qrIXxNe9z9t0G1MKENTpDUa6ncEpj-q_dbs/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-004.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWifnyj0VBs_cRW1uOajgDVVfTFMLHCK1XYfVgqnTti6eO6WZeCuRqfG_ABgKPVtIA-jDTWnuul_f5nTksod1NgcUuoJolt5mi9aPdBpah1qrIXxNe9z9t0G1MKENTpDUa6ncEpj-q_dbs/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-004.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFuaFAZdw0Uvev8Immfye1OUS-bXgFwgeZkOAEibMceDrC71hIZOzNfxTNNlb85HH8IfXQ78ffXjXILQMdc_CHboFT74SEbABxut9zJfcP4tnCNmlj8KpM_T_a-Fldu786W6WhOWZ2E3Ms/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-005.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFuaFAZdw0Uvev8Immfye1OUS-bXgFwgeZkOAEibMceDrC71hIZOzNfxTNNlb85HH8IfXQ78ffXjXILQMdc_CHboFT74SEbABxut9zJfcP4tnCNmlj8KpM_T_a-Fldu786W6WhOWZ2E3Ms/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-005.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR8ua-fkUTvK-ch0NXk9ZXvgsDHAXtlfCJJUqhXFn9Y5sJe98zlfbl2IqxTg9y3Q0kZ9cS7CtXaT7lMaZst3Bo6MSPk-dbwzgC6RFx562BFEiG0nc7Vuqt9Lq546ZLSqNe5y2ks2tdYiLG/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-006.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR8ua-fkUTvK-ch0NXk9ZXvgsDHAXtlfCJJUqhXFn9Y5sJe98zlfbl2IqxTg9y3Q0kZ9cS7CtXaT7lMaZst3Bo6MSPk-dbwzgC6RFx562BFEiG0nc7Vuqt9Lq546ZLSqNe5y2ks2tdYiLG/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-006.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs338xxsRBqAlZoiJbpSuZVh4E6CsCT11W8H4gG4LyKpS_ftb4SCJxdofAZzj3Si4hyZwMi-3PNEoTpp_uDDck2Es23qMaG10ji6j6mqiENRTJ3BVzxwRZbbhKRMvd_qWcOVxzdUkoq544/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-007.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs338xxsRBqAlZoiJbpSuZVh4E6CsCT11W8H4gG4LyKpS_ftb4SCJxdofAZzj3Si4hyZwMi-3PNEoTpp_uDDck2Es23qMaG10ji6j6mqiENRTJ3BVzxwRZbbhKRMvd_qWcOVxzdUkoq544/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-007.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh850E_tN36vYCxRa-89lmPMRi6yKeTIg3zzWSZ6G73BYydr_Al3hHN0DFTAsdnV6NVaiVQh9mVlNCUrBIFpg6x4Y2Qg8w0MKEFIGXGm1uk4zHSJ619aA-_3Hz4EgV4UmQSFFUzPR7yoIJU/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-008.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh850E_tN36vYCxRa-89lmPMRi6yKeTIg3zzWSZ6G73BYydr_Al3hHN0DFTAsdnV6NVaiVQh9mVlNCUrBIFpg6x4Y2Qg8w0MKEFIGXGm1uk4zHSJ619aA-_3Hz4EgV4UmQSFFUzPR7yoIJU/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-008.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU1X9DLnE6ERpK3kbp_MGF1tsKzZ8toTS4i0Yb7-RZ7OBlinMDlNuOUqNLHw50oh_dQFg5CEkcmtBJdZxDju8RkYBZgRHNG-DwiRAb-EnCJ4PCEJFI6UvSu5ifsEYzQZJCuHQ46KB_FY49/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-009.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU1X9DLnE6ERpK3kbp_MGF1tsKzZ8toTS4i0Yb7-RZ7OBlinMDlNuOUqNLHw50oh_dQFg5CEkcmtBJdZxDju8RkYBZgRHNG-DwiRAb-EnCJ4PCEJFI6UvSu5ifsEYzQZJCuHQ46KB_FY49/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-009.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKC4wADzcya-U3SKDdctD9eS4nJj5r-4h5eYIx26JdyzGQYppXQ5YP5h6_5Dkyza3bWNl8WCIpOMavZliIAMCC3c2FLrPSOEOt7H6unoxuI-Z1kq6LB74DQerZWKw7fxUS7ceb6Irt-lno/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-010.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKC4wADzcya-U3SKDdctD9eS4nJj5r-4h5eYIx26JdyzGQYppXQ5YP5h6_5Dkyza3bWNl8WCIpOMavZliIAMCC3c2FLrPSOEOt7H6unoxuI-Z1kq6LB74DQerZWKw7fxUS7ceb6Irt-lno/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-010.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfIDi0hQr6YW5s62vzS_U4Ql4_3NifHNEkIxBVp-oq6K4_rBgEnSZbiI9WrK0XNx2wAgXG_XQz7ANojYJCjYVPsNiR9c8DXjzM8SpNq0GJFWtQc0SDmMCWThJ5_r5sZwukUrU8vdlbQPFS/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-011.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfIDi0hQr6YW5s62vzS_U4Ql4_3NifHNEkIxBVp-oq6K4_rBgEnSZbiI9WrK0XNx2wAgXG_XQz7ANojYJCjYVPsNiR9c8DXjzM8SpNq0GJFWtQc0SDmMCWThJ5_r5sZwukUrU8vdlbQPFS/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-011.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil0H5LPLsOimxVubZBjmBpGW2kKIAW_ger-Vu9a17MApmWhQShvea8TojQ02Wcl8ZRsk5NyeNksKz7UjLUhbfCbkuLHFA1AI1LDWY56GyS5_T8r8aCAxWxXWZ5RK1sLkwAwKZIUn96o9Cz/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-012.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil0H5LPLsOimxVubZBjmBpGW2kKIAW_ger-Vu9a17MApmWhQShvea8TojQ02Wcl8ZRsk5NyeNksKz7UjLUhbfCbkuLHFA1AI1LDWY56GyS5_T8r8aCAxWxXWZ5RK1sLkwAwKZIUn96o9Cz/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-012.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfa-3QlkHk4FnN0egvfzWZiRAERWMFoRcu16W6l4chadpmEk-S_FXUPhMLXzULHFGdbD7bSpjeuengWK6oymygFgOHAd6YicQiAoMQJyurVvXO3dB9rRl9SIhzIBwY5ONDHarEXd4iMNkh/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-013.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfa-3QlkHk4FnN0egvfzWZiRAERWMFoRcu16W6l4chadpmEk-S_FXUPhMLXzULHFGdbD7bSpjeuengWK6oymygFgOHAd6YicQiAoMQJyurVvXO3dB9rRl9SIhzIBwY5ONDHarEXd4iMNkh/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-013.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJogpUrB39s9vK9otQHmj2pBjv1J1Sy7maoZSyqzXY220PFWR4t_tsB0p2LZy0KjcJyrkO6HojuA9Xm9w4ZX_vzR3nZ6-wmSURym81AZhxnch_SqZS7ppIqranlcz1L6jHiZJHqstnj2it/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-014.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJogpUrB39s9vK9otQHmj2pBjv1J1Sy7maoZSyqzXY220PFWR4t_tsB0p2LZy0KjcJyrkO6HojuA9Xm9w4ZX_vzR3nZ6-wmSURym81AZhxnch_SqZS7ppIqranlcz1L6jHiZJHqstnj2it/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-014.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmL_6OZU82yvMn1T55zNPesJvFD-ab_WWpO-fdeKgtUZCqzu60b6uFZFivL0aR2LN2rm0hn1d004Y2SKPtvdCGfyc826ZEJlKCxDKucnwF6vaO_Pitqm0XNw-N8KqKSO3e7q-MBoMc2bUn/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-015.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmL_6OZU82yvMn1T55zNPesJvFD-ab_WWpO-fdeKgtUZCqzu60b6uFZFivL0aR2LN2rm0hn1d004Y2SKPtvdCGfyc826ZEJlKCxDKucnwF6vaO_Pitqm0XNw-N8KqKSO3e7q-MBoMc2bUn/s1600/FREON12_TABLE-015.jpg" height="320" width="247" /></a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-size: small;">In 1987, the Montreal Protocol, an international environmental agreement to reduce and phase out<br />chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), catapulted the world’s refrigerator makers from a slow life that for many<br />decades had seen no major product innovation into one where they would be forced to either innovate<br />within an extremely short time period and engage in major technical development or else quit their<br />industry.<br />CFCs were believed to be major depleters of the ozone layer in the stratosphere, causing increased skin<br />cancer and global warming. Since refrigerators depended on them as coolants and as blowing agents used<br />in the production of foam insulation, the stipulations of the Montreal Protocol, which initially required<br />a CFC ban by the year 2000, then by 1995, were a massive threat to the refrigerator industry.<br />The Montreal Protocol was not a law by itself, it merely required its signatory countries to enact<br />legislation requiring the phaseout of CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances at the latest by the date<br />it stipulated. In most cases the regulation that was subsequently enacted by the individual countries<br />followed the deadline recommended in the protocol. Germany was the only nation to require an earlier<br />phaseout date, forcing its refrigerator industry to search and find even faster a safe substitute for CFCs,<br />but providing it at the same time with an opportunity to gain a first mover advantage over foreign<br />competing nations.Any CFC substitute that was researched had to be not only in compliance with the stipulations set forth<br />by the Montreal Protocol, but also be at least as energy efficient, be safe to the user, and be as<br />economical as possible. Energy efficiency was particularly important, because many countries either had<br />energy efficiency laws (as was the case in the U.S.) or very demanding customers (as was the case in<br />Germany) which provided pressure to offer only energy efficient appliances. Safety was also an important<br />concern.<br />Many countries, including the U.S. and European countries, had laws regulating appliance<br />safety.</span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"> By the early 1990s it had become evident that there were two major technological avenues that could be<br />followed to comply with the Montreal Protocol.One involved the use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as<br />coolants and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as blowing agents for insulating foams. HFCS were in<br />compliance with the Montreal Protocol and thought to be safe to the refrigerator’s user. However, they<br />were slightly less energy efficient - a disadvantage that could be offset by small changes to the<br />refrigerators design. They were also more expensive than CFCs, causing in Germany an average increase<br />in refrigerator prices by some 5 % to 8 % . Their major drawback was that, while not dangerous to the<br />earth’s ozone layer. they were a powerful greenhouse gas that was thought to contribute to global<br />warming and climate change. There was no regulation on HFCs, but the slight risk that they might be<br />regulated Sometime in the future meant that refrigerator makers which focused on HFCs risked focusing<br />on a transitory solution.</span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"> HCFCS were an even riskier substitute - from an environmental as well as from a competitive point of<br />view. Refrigerator insulation foams blown with HCFCs were economical, provided sufficient energy<br />efficiency and posed no safety risk. However, HCFCs contributed to global warming and posed a risk<br />to the ozone layer. For this reason, the Montreal Protocol required their phaseout by the year 2020.<br />Thus, manufacturers developing HCFC-based insulation foams followed a dead end; they could be sure<br />to be forced once again to convert their production to a new technology in the foreseeable future.<br />The Refrigerator Industry<br />By the early 1990s it had become evident that there were two major technological avenues that could be<br />followed to comply with the Montreal Protocol.One involved the use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as<br />coolants and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as blowing agents for insulating foams. HFCS were in<br />compliance with the Montreal Protocol and thought to be safe to the refrigerator’s user. However, they<br />were slightly less energy efficient - a disadvantage that could be offset by small changes to the<br />refrigerators design. They were also more expensive than CFCs, causing in Germany an average increase<br />in refrigerator prices by some 5 % to 8 % . Their major drawback was that, while not dangerous to the<br />earth’s ozone layer. they were a powerful greenhouse gas that was thought to contribute to global<br />warming and climate change. There was no regulation on HFCs, but the slight risk that they might be<br />regulated Sometime in the future meant that refrigerator makers which focused on HFCs risked focusing<br />on a transitory solution.<br />The other major technological route to follow besides employing HFCs and HCFCs involved the use of<br />hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons, such as propanes, butanes, isobutanes. or pentanes, could be used both<br />as refrigerants and as blowing agents for polystyrene insulating foams. They were environmentally<br />benign, could easily be obtained all over the world, and were very cheap. Theoretically hydrocarbons<br />provided better energy efficiency than HFCs and HCFCs, although practically hydrocarbon-blown<br />insulations were slightly less efficient, requiring somewhat thicker insulations. Hydrocarbons were<br />explosive and thus represented a certain safety risk during refrigerator production as well as during<br />refrigerator usage, but this risk could be minimized to acceptable levels by introducing suitable safety<br />equipment. Like HFC- and HCFC-based systems, refrigerators employing hydrocarbons cost some 5%<br />to 8% more than CFC-based refrigerators. Unlike HFC- and HCFC-based systems, they did not pose</span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"> any environmental risks and thus were certain never to be banned for environmental reasons, rendering<br />research efforts and production equipment obsolete.<br />By early 1994, most refrigerator makers in the world were focusing on the HFC/HCFC alternative with<br />all its environmental risks. The only exception was Germany, where, after a sometimes agonizing<br />struggle to decide which technological route to choose, most refrigerator makers had decided to adopt<br />the hydrocarbon route which did not pose any environmental risks and with further research and<br />experience was likely to be as cost-efficient as the HFC/HCFC route. How was it possible that the<br />German refrigerator industry, a highly competitive industry representing 11.1% of the world’s<br />refrigerator production and 13.4% of the world’s exports of refrigerators, had chosen a technological<br />route that was difficult from that chosen by the rest of the world?<br />There were several reasons, among them stricter and earlier regulation, which had sensitized producers<br />and consumers to the issue -- a very demanding and environmentally conscious home market -- as well<br />as a chance event in the form of a pressure campaign by an environmental group that had hit precisely<br />at the right time and at the right place.<br />The first hydrogen-based refrigerator had been built in Germany by the small East German manufacturer<br />Foron after the environmental pressure group Greenpeace had acquainted it with the technology and<br />awarded it a small $15,000 development contract. Greenpeace also conducted a publicity campaign that<br />prompted a large number of environmentally conscious Germans to place orders for the newly developed<br />refrigerator. The extraordinary success of the campaign convinced not only Foron that the hydrocarbon-<br />technology had real market potential, but also its West German competitors, who had initially developed<br />HFC/HCFC-based refrigerators.<br />Subsequently, one competitor after another announced similar<br />hydrocarbon-based refrigerators.</span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></i><b><br /></b></span>FRANK http://www.blogger.com/profile/05899055923323016216noreply@blogger.com0